Datasets:
vgainullin
/
xciting_data

Dataset card Data Studio Files
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4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,713,682
null
Knockout mice are often derived from the embryonic stem cells of 129 mice, and therefore, in many cases, studies are performed on mice on a pure 129 background or mixed 129/B6 background.
null
187
38,316
0
false
null
null
Knockout mice are often derived from the embryonic stem cells of 129 mice, and therefore, in many cases, studies are performed on mice on a pure 129 background or mixed 129/B6 background.
true
true
true
true
true
6,570
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,713,682
null
In these cases, backcrossing to B6 mice for several generations usually potentiates the inflammatory and metabolic response of the model to environmental factors.
null
162
38,317
0
false
null
null
In these cases, backcrossing to B6 mice for several generations usually potentiates the inflammatory and metabolic response of the model to environmental factors.
true
true
true
true
true
6,570
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,713,682
null
However, it is not clear which of these backgrounds (B6, 129, or mixed) most closely mimic the human condition.
null
111
38,318
0
false
null
null
However, it is not clear which of these backgrounds (B6, 129, or mixed) most closely mimic the human condition.
true
true
true
true
true
6,570
5
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "B30", "B31" ]
20,713,682
pmid-18344981|pmid-18344982
Other recent reports support our findings that metabolic disease traits can be associated with alterations of inflammatory gene expression networks in the adipose tissue and liver (30,31).
[ "30", "31" ]
188
38,319
0
false
Other recent reports support our findings that metabolic disease traits can be associated with alterations of inflammatory gene expression networks in the adipose tissue and liver.
[ "30,31" ]
Other recent reports support our findings that metabolic disease traits can be associated with alterations of inflammatory gene expression networks in the adipose tissue and liver.
true
true
true
true
true
6,571
5
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "B30", "B31" ]
20,713,682
pmid-18344981|pmid-18344982
However, to our knowledge, no study has previously demonstrated a measurable difference in inflammation preceding any measurable phenotypic difference associated with metabolic diseases.
[ "30", "31" ]
186
38,320
0
false
However, to our knowledge, no study has previously demonstrated a measurable difference in inflammation preceding any measurable phenotypic difference associated with metabolic diseases.
[]
However, to our knowledge, no study has previously demonstrated a measurable difference in inflammation preceding any measurable phenotypic difference associated with metabolic diseases.
true
true
true
true
true
6,571
5
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "B30", "B31" ]
20,713,682
pmid-18344981|pmid-18344982
The novelty of our study is that, by comparing young B6 and 129 animals using a sensitive computational approach, we can focus on factors that can potentially predispose to disease in a prospective manner and avoid findings that are mainly secondary to obesity or metabolic differences.
[ "30", "31" ]
286
38,321
0
false
The novelty of our study is that, by comparing young B6 and 129 animals using a sensitive computational approach, we can focus on factors that can potentially predispose to disease in a prospective manner and avoid findings that are mainly secondary to obesity or metabolic differences.
[]
The novelty of our study is that, by comparing young B6 and 129 animals using a sensitive computational approach, we can focus on factors that can potentially predispose to disease in a prospective manner and avoid findings that are mainly secondary to obesity or metabolic differences.
true
true
true
true
true
6,571
5
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "B30", "B31" ]
20,713,682
pmid-18344981|pmid-18344982
Our investigation also examined differences between B6 and 129 mice in multiple organs, allowing us to conclude that inflammation in adipose tissue, and to a lesser extent in liver, but not in skeletal muscle or spleen, is associated with the predisposition to insulin resistance.
[ "30", "31" ]
280
38,322
0
false
Our investigation also examined differences between B6 and 129 mice in multiple organs, allowing us to conclude that inflammation in adipose tissue, and to a lesser extent in liver, but not in skeletal muscle or spleen, is associated with the predisposition to insulin resistance.
[]
Our investigation also examined differences between B6 and 129 mice in multiple organs, allowing us to conclude that inflammation in adipose tissue, and to a lesser extent in liver, but not in skeletal muscle or spleen, is associated with the predisposition to insulin resistance.
true
true
true
true
true
6,571
5
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "B30", "B31" ]
20,713,682
pmid-18344981|pmid-18344982
In addition, our computational analysis was able to set forth hypotheses that led to subsequent biologic validation experiments which provided further insight into the components of the immune system that may contribute to metabolic diseases (i.e., T-cell recruitment).
[ "30", "31" ]
269
38,323
0
false
In addition, our computational analysis was able to set forth hypotheses that led to subsequent biologic validation experiments which provided further insight into the components of the immune system that may contribute to metabolic diseases (i.e., T-cell recruitment).
[]
In addition, our computational analysis was able to set forth hypotheses that led to subsequent biologic validation experiments which provided further insight into the components of the immune system that may contribute to metabolic diseases (i.e., T-cell recruitment).
true
true
true
true
true
6,571
6
DISCUSSION
1
32
[ "B32", "B33", "B34", "B35", "B36" ]
20,713,682
pmid-9038347|pmid-15486293|pmid-16612386|pmid-8971073|pmid-19356713
In addition to inflammation, other phenomena have been shown to participate in the multifactorial pathophysiology of insulin resistance.
[ "32", "33", "34", "35", "36" ]
136
38,324
0
false
In addition to inflammation, other phenomena have been shown to participate in the multifactorial pathophysiology of insulin resistance.
[]
In addition to inflammation, other phenomena have been shown to participate in the multifactorial pathophysiology of insulin resistance.
true
true
true
true
true
6,572
6
DISCUSSION
1
32
[ "B32", "B33", "B34", "B35", "B36" ]
20,713,682
pmid-9038347|pmid-15486293|pmid-16612386|pmid-8971073|pmid-19356713
Alterations in insulin receptor levels and insulin signaling through IRS-proteins (32), induction of the unfolded protein response (33) and oxidative stress pathways (34), and changes in lipid (35) and amino acid metabolism (36) can all promote insulin resistance and contribute to the final phenotype.
[ "32", "33", "34", "35", "36" ]
302
38,325
1
false
Alterations in insulin receptor levels and insulin signaling through IRS-proteins, induction of the unfolded protein response and oxidative stress pathways, and changes in lipid and amino acid metabolism can all promote insulin resistance and contribute to the final phenotype.
[ "32", "33", "34", "35", "36" ]
Alterations in insulin receptor levels and insulin signaling through IRS-proteins, induction of the unfolded protein response and oxidative stress pathways, and changes in lipid and amino acid metabolism can all promote insulin resistance and contribute to the final phenotype.
true
true
true
true
true
6,572
6
DISCUSSION
1
32
[ "B32", "B33", "B34", "B35", "B36" ]
20,713,682
pmid-9038347|pmid-15486293|pmid-16612386|pmid-8971073|pmid-19356713
Many of these pathways act by producing post-translational modifications of signaling proteins, such as phosphorylation or alterations in compartmentalization, which would not be detected as changes at the gene expression level.
[ "32", "33", "34", "35", "36" ]
228
38,326
0
false
Many of these pathways act by producing post-translational modifications of signaling proteins, such as phosphorylation or alterations in compartmentalization, which would not be detected as changes at the gene expression level.
[]
Many of these pathways act by producing post-translational modifications of signaling proteins, such as phosphorylation or alterations in compartmentalization, which would not be detected as changes at the gene expression level.
true
true
true
true
true
6,572
6
DISCUSSION
1
32
[ "B32", "B33", "B34", "B35", "B36" ]
20,713,682
pmid-9038347|pmid-15486293|pmid-16612386|pmid-8971073|pmid-19356713
In this regard it is worth noting that in addition to differences in inflammation, GNEA analysis was able to identify other gene sets differentially expressed between the mouse strains in adipose tissue at 6 weeks of age (supplementary Table S2), including networks related to signal transduction, protein secretion path...
[ "32", "33", "34", "35", "36" ]
349
38,327
0
false
In this regard it is worth noting that in addition to differences in inflammation, GNEA analysis was able to identify other gene sets differentially expressed between the mouse strains in adipose tissue at 6 weeks of age (supplementary Table S2), including networks related to signal transduction, protein secretion path...
[]
In this regard it is worth noting that in addition to differences in inflammation, GNEA analysis was able to identify other gene sets differentially expressed between the mouse strains in adipose tissue at 6 weeks of age, including networks related to signal transduction, protein secretion pathways, and glucose catabol...
true
true
true
true
true
6,572
6
DISCUSSION
1
32
[ "B32", "B33", "B34", "B35", "B36" ]
20,713,682
pmid-9038347|pmid-15486293|pmid-16612386|pmid-8971073|pmid-19356713
Many of these pathways can interact with inflammatory pathways, and this crosstalk could represent an entry point to the manifestation of metabolic diseases.
[ "32", "33", "34", "35", "36" ]
157
38,328
0
false
Many of these pathways can interact with inflammatory pathways, and this crosstalk could represent an entry point to the manifestation of metabolic diseases.
[]
Many of these pathways can interact with inflammatory pathways, and this crosstalk could represent an entry point to the manifestation of metabolic diseases.
true
true
true
true
true
6,572
6
DISCUSSION
1
32
[ "B32", "B33", "B34", "B35", "B36" ]
20,713,682
pmid-9038347|pmid-15486293|pmid-16612386|pmid-8971073|pmid-19356713
Thus, although changes in the immune response are definitely one of the factors that precedes and predicts the tendency of B6 mice to have greater insulin resistance than 129, it is unlikely that inflammation is the only predisposing risk factor associated with diabetes between these two mouse strains.
[ "32", "33", "34", "35", "36" ]
303
38,329
0
false
Thus, although changes in the immune response are definitely one of the factors that precedes and predicts the tendency of B6 mice to have greater insulin resistance than 129, it is unlikely that inflammation is the only predisposing risk factor associated with diabetes between these two mouse strains.
[]
Thus, although changes in the immune response are definitely one of the factors that precedes and predicts the tendency of B6 mice to have greater insulin resistance than 129, it is unlikely that inflammation is the only predisposing risk factor associated with diabetes between these two mouse strains.
true
true
true
true
true
6,572
7
DISCUSSION
1
37
[ "B37", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B41", "B42" ]
20,713,682
pmid-18082417|pmid-19029988|pmid-18769626|pmid-19337387|pmid-12021247|pmid-17429083
In summary, it has been proposed that type 2 diabetes and obesity are diseases associated with an immune system that cannot cope appropriately with environmental threats (37–39).
[ "37", null, "39", "40", "41", "42" ]
178
38,330
0
false
In summary, it has been proposed that type 2 diabetes and obesity are diseases associated with an immune system that cannot cope appropriately with environmental threats.
[ "37–39" ]
In summary, it has been proposed that type 2 diabetes and obesity are diseases associated with an immune system that cannot cope appropriately with environmental threats.
true
true
true
true
true
6,573
7
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B37", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B41", "B42" ]
20,713,682
pmid-18082417|pmid-19029988|pmid-18769626|pmid-19337387|pmid-12021247|pmid-17429083
Based on this hypothesis, anti-inflammatory drugs, such as salicylates (40,41) and interleukin-1 blockers (42), have been used to improve glycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
[ "37", null, "39", "40", "41", "42" ]
183
38,331
1
false
Based on this hypothesis, anti-inflammatory drugs, such as salicylates and interleukin-1 blockers, have been used to improve glycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
[ "40,41", "42" ]
Based on this hypothesis, anti-inflammatory drugs, such as salicylates and interleukin-1 blockers, have been used to improve glycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,573
7
DISCUSSION
1
37
[ "B37", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B41", "B42" ]
20,713,682
pmid-18082417|pmid-19029988|pmid-18769626|pmid-19337387|pmid-12021247|pmid-17429083
In this study, we demonstrate that pre-existing differences in the inflammatory milieu in metabolically active tissues may represent an important component of the genetic background as a risk factor to metabolic diseases.
[ "37", null, "39", "40", "41", "42" ]
221
38,332
0
false
In this study, we demonstrate that pre-existing differences in the inflammatory milieu in metabolically active tissues may represent an important component of the genetic background as a risk factor to metabolic diseases.
[]
In this study, we demonstrate that pre-existing differences in the inflammatory milieu in metabolically active tissues may represent an important component of the genetic background as a risk factor to metabolic diseases.
true
true
true
true
true
6,573
7
DISCUSSION
1
37
[ "B37", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B41", "B42" ]
20,713,682
pmid-18082417|pmid-19029988|pmid-18769626|pmid-19337387|pmid-12021247|pmid-17429083
Thus, inflammation cannot be viewed as only a mechanism that links susceptibility factors such as overfeeding, underactivity, aging, and stress to metabolic diseases—it may also link these pathologies to heritability.
[ "37", null, "39", "40", "41", "42" ]
217
38,333
0
false
Thus, inflammation cannot be viewed as only a mechanism that links susceptibility factors such as overfeeding, underactivity, aging, and stress to metabolic diseases—it may also link these pathologies to heritability.
[]
Thus, inflammation cannot be viewed as only a mechanism that links susceptibility factors such as overfeeding, underactivity, aging, and stress to metabolic diseases—it may also link these pathologies to heritability.
true
true
true
true
true
6,573
7
DISCUSSION
1
37
[ "B37", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B41", "B42" ]
20,713,682
pmid-18082417|pmid-19029988|pmid-18769626|pmid-19337387|pmid-12021247|pmid-17429083
Our study indicates that inflammation is an important early variable in the metabolic response to environmental challenges and suggests several potential targets for intervention, including LBP, Ly86, SDF1α, CCL5/RANTES, and MCP1.
[ "37", null, "39", "40", "41", "42" ]
230
38,334
0
false
Our study indicates that inflammation is an important early variable in the metabolic response to environmental challenges and suggests several potential targets for intervention, including LBP, Ly86, SDF1α, CCL5/RANTES, and MCP1.
[]
Our study indicates that inflammation is an important early variable in the metabolic response to environmental challenges and suggests several potential targets for intervention, including LBP, Ly86, SDF1α, CCL5/RANTES, and MCP1.
true
true
true
true
true
6,573
7
DISCUSSION
1
37
[ "B37", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B41", "B42" ]
20,713,682
pmid-18082417|pmid-19029988|pmid-18769626|pmid-19337387|pmid-12021247|pmid-17429083
This provides new strategies for reducing the epidemic of type 2 diabetes and metabolic diseases in spite of increasing obesity by attacking the variable genetic risk.
[ "37", null, "39", "40", "41", "42" ]
167
38,335
0
false
This provides new strategies for reducing the epidemic of type 2 diabetes and metabolic diseases in spite of increasing obesity by attacking the variable genetic risk.
[]
This provides new strategies for reducing the epidemic of type 2 diabetes and metabolic diseases in spite of increasing obesity by attacking the variable genetic risk.
true
true
true
true
true
6,573
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B5" ]
17,297,264
pmid-2160066|pmid-9015079|pmid-9436794|pmid-9667363|pmid-9436794|pmid-9015079|pmid-7873353|pmid-2229562|pmid-8165047|pmid-8848329|pmid-8798238|NA
A common cause of brain injury during the perinatal period is hypoxic-ischemic injury, which frequently results in the chronic handicapping conditions such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation, learning disability, and epilepsy (1).
[ "1", "2", "5" ]
233
38,336
1
false
A common cause of brain injury during the perinatal period is hypoxic-ischemic injury, which frequently results in the chronic handicapping conditions such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation, learning disability, and epilepsy.
[ "1" ]
A common cause of brain injury during the perinatal period is hypoxic-ischemic injury, which frequently results in the chronic handicapping conditions such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation, learning disability, and epilepsy.
true
true
true
true
true
6,574
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B5" ]
17,297,264
pmid-2160066|pmid-9015079|pmid-9436794|pmid-9667363|pmid-9436794|pmid-9015079|pmid-7873353|pmid-2229562|pmid-8165047|pmid-8848329|pmid-8798238|NA
Predicting the outcome of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic injury, however, is difficult, because some methods that predict outcome have not reliably or consistently predicted long term neurologic outcomes.
[ "1", "2", "5" ]
204
38,337
0
false
Predicting the outcome of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic injury, however, is difficult, because some methods that predict outcome have not reliably or consistently predicted long term neurologic outcomes.
[]
Predicting the outcome of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic injury, however, is difficult, because some methods that predict outcome have not reliably or consistently predicted long term neurologic outcomes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,574
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B5" ]
17,297,264
pmid-2160066|pmid-9015079|pmid-9436794|pmid-9667363|pmid-9436794|pmid-9015079|pmid-7873353|pmid-2229562|pmid-8165047|pmid-8848329|pmid-8798238|NA
Recently, 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used as a quantitative noninvasive tool to assess the biomechanical changes associated with central nervous system injury.
[ "1", "2", "5" ]
182
38,338
0
false
Recently, 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used as a quantitative noninvasive tool to assess the biomechanical changes associated with central nervous system injury.
[]
Recently, 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used as a quantitative noninvasive tool to assess the biomechanical changes associated with central nervous system injury.
true
true
true
true
true
6,574
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B5" ]
17,297,264
pmid-2160066|pmid-9015079|pmid-9436794|pmid-9667363|pmid-9436794|pmid-9015079|pmid-7873353|pmid-2229562|pmid-8165047|pmid-8848329|pmid-8798238|NA
1H-MRS, which provides objective extent of hypoxic-ischemic insults, enhances predictability and provides a method to assess treatment effect (2-5).
[ "1", "2", "5" ]
148
38,339
0
false
1H-MRS, which provides objective extent of hypoxic-ischemic insults, enhances predictability and provides a method to assess treatment effect.
[ "2-5" ]
1H-MRS, which provides objective extent of hypoxic-ischemic insults, enhances predictability and provides a method to assess treatment effect.
false
false
true
true
false
6,574
1
INTRODUCTION
1
6
[ "B6", "B8", "B7", "B9" ]
17,297,264
pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776|pmid-9576764|pmid-11641453|pmid-9167191|NA|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776|NA
The exact mechanism by which hypoxic-ischemic brain injury occurs in neonates is not clear, although increasing evidences indicate that hypoxic-ischemic induced neuronal death includes both necrosis and apoptosis.
[ "6", "8", "7", "9" ]
213
38,340
0
false
The exact mechanism by which hypoxic-ischemic brain injury occurs in neonates is not clear, although increasing evidences indicate that hypoxic-ischemic induced neuronal death includes both necrosis and apoptosis.
[]
The exact mechanism by which hypoxic-ischemic brain injury occurs in neonates is not clear, although increasing evidences indicate that hypoxic-ischemic induced neuronal death includes both necrosis and apoptosis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,575
1
INTRODUCTION
1
6
[ "B6", "B8", "B7", "B9" ]
17,297,264
pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776|pmid-9576764|pmid-11641453|pmid-9167191|NA|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776|NA
Necrosis may predominate in acute damage, whereas apoptotic injury may take time to develop.
[ "6", "8", "7", "9" ]
92
38,341
0
false
Necrosis may predominate in acute damage, whereas apoptotic injury may take time to develop.
[]
Necrosis may predominate in acute damage, whereas apoptotic injury may take time to develop.
true
true
true
true
true
6,575
1
INTRODUCTION
1
6
[ "B6", "B8", "B7", "B9" ]
17,297,264
pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776|pmid-9576764|pmid-11641453|pmid-9167191|NA|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776|NA
Therefore, blocking the apoptotic cascade may prolong the therapeutic window after hypoxic-ischemic injury (6-8).
[ "6", "8", "7", "9" ]
113
38,342
0
false
Therefore, blocking the apoptotic cascade may prolong the therapeutic window after hypoxic-ischemic injury.
[ "6-8" ]
Therefore, blocking the apoptotic cascade may prolong the therapeutic window after hypoxic-ischemic injury.
true
true
true
true
true
6,575
1
INTRODUCTION
1
6
[ "B6", "B8", "B7", "B9" ]
17,297,264
pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776|pmid-9576764|pmid-11641453|pmid-9167191|NA|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776|NA
There is evidence for involvement of multiple caspases in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
[ "6", "8", "7", "9" ]
88
38,343
0
false
There is evidence for involvement of multiple caspases in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
[]
There is evidence for involvement of multiple caspases in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
true
true
true
true
true
6,575
1
INTRODUCTION
1
6
[ "B6", "B8", "B7", "B9" ]
17,297,264
pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776|pmid-9576764|pmid-11641453|pmid-9167191|NA|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776|NA
And caspase inhibitors which were developed as antiapoptotic agents, are believed to play a key role in the delayed neuronal cell death observed after hypoxic-ischemic injury (7, 9).
[ "6", "8", "7", "9" ]
182
38,344
0
false
And caspase inhibitors which were developed as antiapoptotic agents, are believed to play a key role in the delayed neuronal cell death observed after hypoxic-ischemic injury.
[ "7, 9" ]
And caspase inhibitors which were developed as antiapoptotic agents, are believed to play a key role in the delayed neuronal cell death observed after hypoxic-ischemic injury.
true
true
true
true
true
6,575
2
INTRODUCTION
1
10
[ "B10", "B11", "B11", "B12", "B13" ]
17,297,264
pmid-10088648|pmid-11440801|pmid-11440801|pmid-11964520|pmid-9685576|pmid-4561027|pmid-9015079|pmid-2229562|pmid-7769986|pmid-9004235|pmid-7638161|NA|pmid-9221941|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776
The effects of growth hormone (GH) on the central nervous system have become more apparent in the past decade.
[ "10", "11", "11", "12", "13" ]
110
38,345
0
false
The effects of growth hormone (GH) on the central nervous system have become more apparent in the past decade.
[]
The effects of growth hormone (GH) on the central nervous system have become more apparent in the past decade.
true
true
true
true
true
6,576
2
INTRODUCTION
1
10
[ "B10", "B11", "B11", "B12", "B13" ]
17,297,264
pmid-10088648|pmid-11440801|pmid-11440801|pmid-11964520|pmid-9685576|pmid-4561027|pmid-9015079|pmid-2229562|pmid-7769986|pmid-9004235|pmid-7638161|NA|pmid-9221941|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776
Not only it is involved in brain growth and development, but its qualities as a neuroprotective factor against injury are now appreciated.
[ "10", "11", "11", "12", "13" ]
138
38,346
0
false
Not only it is involved in brain growth and development, but its qualities as a neuroprotective factor against injury are now appreciated.
[]
Not only it is involved in brain growth and development, but its qualities as a neuroprotective factor against injury are now appreciated.
true
true
true
true
true
6,576
2
INTRODUCTION
1
10
[ "B10", "B11", "B11", "B12", "B13" ]
17,297,264
pmid-10088648|pmid-11440801|pmid-11440801|pmid-11964520|pmid-9685576|pmid-4561027|pmid-9015079|pmid-2229562|pmid-7769986|pmid-9004235|pmid-7638161|NA|pmid-9221941|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776
Recent studies have demonstrated that GH is involved in neuroprotection during hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (10, 11).
[ "10", "11", "11", "12", "13" ]
118
38,347
0
false
Recent studies have demonstrated that GH is involved in neuroprotection during hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
[ "10, 11" ]
Recent studies have demonstrated that GH is involved in neuroprotection during hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
true
true
true
true
true
6,576
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B10", "B11", "B11", "B12", "B13" ]
17,297,264
pmid-10088648|pmid-11440801|pmid-11440801|pmid-11964520|pmid-9685576|pmid-4561027|pmid-9015079|pmid-2229562|pmid-7769986|pmid-9004235|pmid-7638161|NA|pmid-9221941|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776
These protective roles are supported by the ability of GH to accelerate glial cell division and myelinogenesis, and GH is also thought to have neuroprotective roles in neurogenesis (11).
[ "10", "11", "11", "12", "13" ]
186
38,348
1
false
These protective roles are supported by the ability of GH to accelerate glial cell division and myelinogenesis, and GH is also thought to have neuroprotective roles in neurogenesis.
[ "11" ]
These protective roles are supported by the ability of GH to accelerate glial cell division and myelinogenesis, and GH is also thought to have neuroprotective roles in neurogenesis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,576
2
INTRODUCTION
1
10
[ "B10", "B11", "B11", "B12", "B13" ]
17,297,264
pmid-10088648|pmid-11440801|pmid-11440801|pmid-11964520|pmid-9685576|pmid-4561027|pmid-9015079|pmid-2229562|pmid-7769986|pmid-9004235|pmid-7638161|NA|pmid-9221941|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776
Although this neuroprotective mechanism is not completely known, is probably achieved by inhibiting of caspase activities (12, 13).
[ "10", "11", "11", "12", "13" ]
131
38,349
0
false
Although this neuroprotective mechanism is not completely known, is probably achieved by inhibiting of caspase activities.
[ "12, 13" ]
Although this neuroprotective mechanism is not completely known, is probably achieved by inhibiting of caspase activities.
true
true
true
true
true
6,576
3
INTRODUCTION
1
14
[ "B14" ]
17,297,264
NA|pmid-9576764|pmid-11641453|pmid-9581757|pmid-9576764|pmid-8947555|pmid-9778183
The lipid peak in the 1H-MR spectrum has been reported to be a marker for apoptosis during hypoxic-ischemic injury (14).
[ "14" ]
120
38,350
1
false
The lipid peak in the 1H-MR spectrum has been reported to be a marker for apoptosis during hypoxic-ischemic injury.
[ "14" ]
The lipid peak in the 1H-MR spectrum has been reported to be a marker for apoptosis during hypoxic-ischemic injury.
true
true
true
true
true
6,577
3
INTRODUCTION
1
14
[ "B14" ]
17,297,264
NA|pmid-9576764|pmid-11641453|pmid-9581757|pmid-9576764|pmid-8947555|pmid-9778183
We have therefore used 1H-MRS to evaluate the effects of GH as a caspase inhibitor on hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal rat brains.
[ "14" ]
133
38,351
0
false
We have therefore used 1H-MRS to evaluate the effects of GH as a caspase inhibitor on hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal rat brains.
[]
We have therefore used 1H-MRS to evaluate the effects of GH as a caspase inhibitor on hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal rat brains.
true
true
true
true
true
6,577
0
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3", "B5", "B2", "B16", "B4", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B14" ]
17,297,264
pmid-2160066|pmid-9015079|pmid-9436794|pmid-9667363|pmid-9436794|pmid-9015079|pmid-7873353|pmid-2229562|pmid-8165047|pmid-8848329|pmid-8798238|NA
Recently 1H-MRS has been used as a quantitative noninvasive assessment tool in monitoring of brain development and in the diagnosis of neurologically damaged infants (3-5).
[ "3", "5", "2", "16", "4", "17", "18", "19", "14" ]
172
38,352
0
false
Recently 1H-MRS has been used as a quantitative noninvasive assessment tool in monitoring of brain development and in the diagnosis of neurologically damaged infants.
[ "3-5" ]
Recently 1H-MRS has been used as a quantitative noninvasive assessment tool in monitoring of brain development and in the diagnosis of neurologically damaged infants.
true
true
true
true
true
6,578
0
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3", "B5", "B2", "B16", "B4", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B14" ]
17,297,264
pmid-2160066|pmid-9015079|pmid-9436794|pmid-9667363|pmid-9436794|pmid-9015079|pmid-7873353|pmid-2229562|pmid-8165047|pmid-8848329|pmid-8798238|NA
1H-MRS can detect metabolites such as NAA and other acetyl compounds, which serve as primarily neuronal markers; Cr, including phosphocreatine and Cr, which are bioenergetic markers; choline-containing compounds (Cho), which are released during membrane disruption; and lactate (Lac), which accumulates in response to an...
[ "3", "5", "2", "16", "4", "17", "18", "19", "14" ]
354
38,353
0
false
1H-MRS can detect metabolites such as NAA and other acetyl compounds, which serve as primarily neuronal markers; Cr, including phosphocreatine and Cr, which are bioenergetic markers; choline-containing compounds (Cho), which are released during membrane disruption; and lactate (Lac), which accumulates in response to an...
[ "2, 16" ]
1H-MRS can detect metabolites such as NAA and other acetyl compounds, which serve as primarily neuronal markers; Cr, including phosphocreatine and Cr, which are bioenergetic markers; choline-containing compounds (Cho), which are released during membrane disruption; and lactate (Lac), which accumulates in response to an...
false
false
true
true
false
6,578
0
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3", "B5", "B2", "B16", "B4", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B14" ]
17,297,264
pmid-2160066|pmid-9015079|pmid-9436794|pmid-9667363|pmid-9436794|pmid-9015079|pmid-7873353|pmid-2229562|pmid-8165047|pmid-8848329|pmid-8798238|NA
Decreased NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr ratio and increased Cho/Cr ratio have were in asphyxiated neonates with poor neurologic outcomes after 1 yr (4, 17).
[ "3", "5", "2", "16", "4", "17", "18", "19", "14" ]
145
38,354
0
false
Decreased NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr ratio and increased Cho/Cr ratio have were in asphyxiated neonates with poor neurologic outcomes after 1 yr.
[ "4, 17" ]
Decreased NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr ratio and increased Cho/Cr ratio have were in asphyxiated neonates with poor neurologic outcomes after 1 yr.
true
true
true
true
true
6,578
0
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3", "B5", "B2", "B16", "B4", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B14" ]
17,297,264
pmid-2160066|pmid-9015079|pmid-9436794|pmid-9667363|pmid-9436794|pmid-9015079|pmid-7873353|pmid-2229562|pmid-8165047|pmid-8848329|pmid-8798238|NA
1H-MRS in asphyxiated neonates has also shown increased lactate and decreased NAA in thalamus, as well as increased Lac and decreased Cr in basal ganglia (18, 19).
[ "3", "5", "2", "16", "4", "17", "18", "19", "14" ]
163
38,355
0
false
1H-MRS in asphyxiated neonates has also shown increased lactate and decreased NAA in thalamus, as well as increased Lac and decreased Cr in basal ganglia.
[ "18, 19" ]
1H-MRS in asphyxiated neonates has also shown increased lactate and decreased NAA in thalamus, as well as increased Lac and decreased Cr in basal ganglia.
false
false
true
true
false
6,578
0
DISCUSSION
1
14
[ "B3", "B5", "B2", "B16", "B4", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B14" ]
17,297,264
pmid-2160066|pmid-9015079|pmid-9436794|pmid-9667363|pmid-9436794|pmid-9015079|pmid-7873353|pmid-2229562|pmid-8165047|pmid-8848329|pmid-8798238|NA
During hypoxic-ischemic injury, there is a significant increase in the lipid peak, which correlates with apoptotic cell death, as well as in the intensity of the lipid peak, which is directly related to the apoptotic cell count (14).
[ "3", "5", "2", "16", "4", "17", "18", "19", "14" ]
233
38,356
1
false
During hypoxic-ischemic injury, there is a significant increase in the lipid peak, which correlates with apoptotic cell death, as well as in the intensity of the lipid peak, which is directly related to the apoptotic cell count.
[ "14" ]
During hypoxic-ischemic injury, there is a significant increase in the lipid peak, which correlates with apoptotic cell death, as well as in the intensity of the lipid peak, which is directly related to the apoptotic cell count.
true
true
true
true
true
6,578
0
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3", "B5", "B2", "B16", "B4", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B14" ]
17,297,264
pmid-2160066|pmid-9015079|pmid-9436794|pmid-9667363|pmid-9436794|pmid-9015079|pmid-7873353|pmid-2229562|pmid-8165047|pmid-8848329|pmid-8798238|NA
We therefore used the lipid/NAA and lipid/Cr ratios as apoptotic markers.
[ "3", "5", "2", "16", "4", "17", "18", "19", "14" ]
73
38,357
0
false
We therefore used the lipid/NAA and lipid/Cr ratios as apoptotic markers.
[]
We therefore used the lipid/NAA and lipid/Cr ratios as apoptotic markers.
true
true
true
true
true
6,578
1
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "B20", "B21", "B6", "B8", "B21" ]
17,297,264
pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776|pmid-9576764|pmid-11641453|pmid-9167191|NA|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776|NA
Newborn infants subjected to transient hypoxic-ischemic injury during birth asphyxia are apparently relatively normal soon after resuscitation but show evidence of delayed cerebral injury hours later, the magnitude of which predicts the severity of later neurodevelopmental impairment (20, 21).
[ "20", "21", "6", "8", "21" ]
294
38,358
0
false
Newborn infants subjected to transient hypoxic-ischemic injury during birth asphyxia are apparently relatively normal soon after resuscitation but show evidence of delayed cerebral injury hours later, the magnitude of which predicts the severity of later neurodevelopmental impairment.
[ "20, 21" ]
Newborn infants subjected to transient hypoxic-ischemic injury during birth asphyxia are apparently relatively normal soon after resuscitation but show evidence of delayed cerebral injury hours later, the magnitude of which predicts the severity of later neurodevelopmental impairment.
true
true
true
true
true
6,579
1
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "B20", "B21", "B6", "B8", "B21" ]
17,297,264
pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776|pmid-9576764|pmid-11641453|pmid-9167191|NA|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776|NA
The mechanism of delayed injury is unclear, but apoptotic cells are detected in brains of infants who died after birth asphyxia, suggesting that inappropriate activation of the apoptotic pathway accounts, at least in part, for the delayed cell death (6, 8, 21).
[ "20", "21", "6", "8", "21" ]
261
38,359
0
false
The mechanism of delayed injury is unclear, but apoptotic cells are detected in brains of infants who died after birth asphyxia, suggesting that inappropriate activation of the apoptotic pathway accounts, at least in part, for the delayed cell death.
[ "6, 8, 21" ]
The mechanism of delayed injury is unclear, but apoptotic cells are detected in brains of infants who died after birth asphyxia, suggesting that inappropriate activation of the apoptotic pathway accounts, at least in part, for the delayed cell death.
true
true
true
true
true
6,579
2
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "B22", "B2", "B4", "B6", "B23", "B24", "B21", "B25", "B6", "B8" ]
17,297,264
pmid-10088648|pmid-11440801|pmid-11440801|pmid-11964520|pmid-9685576|pmid-4561027|pmid-9015079|pmid-2229562|pmid-7769986|pmid-9004235|pmid-7638161|NA|pmid-9221941|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776
Apoptosis was first described as a type of cell death distinct from necrosis, with no swelling or loss of membrane integrity, and no inflammatory response from the host tissue (22).
[ "22", "2", "4", "6", "23", "24", "21", "25", "6", "8" ]
181
38,360
1
false
Apoptosis was first described as a type of cell death distinct from necrosis, with no swelling or loss of membrane integrity, and no inflammatory response from the host tissue.
[ "22" ]
Apoptosis was first described as a type of cell death distinct from necrosis, with no swelling or loss of membrane integrity, and no inflammatory response from the host tissue.
true
true
true
true
true
6,580
2
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "B22", "B2", "B4", "B6", "B23", "B24", "B21", "B25", "B6", "B8" ]
17,297,264
pmid-10088648|pmid-11440801|pmid-11440801|pmid-11964520|pmid-9685576|pmid-4561027|pmid-9015079|pmid-2229562|pmid-7769986|pmid-9004235|pmid-7638161|NA|pmid-9221941|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776
Apoptotic cells undergo a ubiquitous physiologic process that is essential to the development and survival of multicellular organisms.
[ "22", "2", "4", "6", "23", "24", "21", "25", "6", "8" ]
134
38,361
0
false
Apoptotic cells undergo a ubiquitous physiologic process that is essential to the development and survival of multicellular organisms.
[]
Apoptotic cells undergo a ubiquitous physiologic process that is essential to the development and survival of multicellular organisms.
true
true
true
true
true
6,580
2
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "B22", "B2", "B4", "B6", "B23", "B24", "B21", "B25", "B6", "B8" ]
17,297,264
pmid-10088648|pmid-11440801|pmid-11440801|pmid-11964520|pmid-9685576|pmid-4561027|pmid-9015079|pmid-2229562|pmid-7769986|pmid-9004235|pmid-7638161|NA|pmid-9221941|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776
This process takes place during embryologic development, turnover of gastrointestinal epithelium, and the regulation of the immune system.
[ "22", "2", "4", "6", "23", "24", "21", "25", "6", "8" ]
138
38,362
0
false
This process takes place during embryologic development, turnover of gastrointestinal epithelium, and the regulation of the immune system.
[]
This process takes place during embryologic development, turnover of gastrointestinal epithelium, and the regulation of the immune system.
true
true
true
true
true
6,580
2
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "B22", "B2", "B4", "B6", "B23", "B24", "B21", "B25", "B6", "B8" ]
17,297,264
pmid-10088648|pmid-11440801|pmid-11440801|pmid-11964520|pmid-9685576|pmid-4561027|pmid-9015079|pmid-2229562|pmid-7769986|pmid-9004235|pmid-7638161|NA|pmid-9221941|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776
Many pathological events that cause necrosis, including hypoxic-ischemic injury, can also induce apoptosis (2, 4, 6, 23).
[ "22", "2", "4", "6", "23", "24", "21", "25", "6", "8" ]
121
38,363
0
false
Many pathological events that cause necrosis, including hypoxic-ischemic injury, can also induce apoptosis.
[ "2, 4, 6, 23" ]
Many pathological events that cause necrosis, including hypoxic-ischemic injury, can also induce apoptosis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,580
2
DISCUSSION
1
24
[ "B22", "B2", "B4", "B6", "B23", "B24", "B21", "B25", "B6", "B8" ]
17,297,264
pmid-10088648|pmid-11440801|pmid-11440801|pmid-11964520|pmid-9685576|pmid-4561027|pmid-9015079|pmid-2229562|pmid-7769986|pmid-9004235|pmid-7638161|NA|pmid-9221941|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776
Necrosis may predominate in more intense ischemic damage, whereas apoptosis may occur during milder ischemic damage and may take time to develop (24).
[ "22", "2", "4", "6", "23", "24", "21", "25", "6", "8" ]
150
38,364
1
false
Necrosis may predominate in more intense ischemic damage, whereas apoptosis may occur during milder ischemic damage and may take time to develop.
[ "24" ]
Necrosis may predominate in more intense ischemic damage, whereas apoptosis may occur during milder ischemic damage and may take time to develop.
true
true
true
true
true
6,580
2
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "B22", "B2", "B4", "B6", "B23", "B24", "B21", "B25", "B6", "B8" ]
17,297,264
pmid-10088648|pmid-11440801|pmid-11440801|pmid-11964520|pmid-9685576|pmid-4561027|pmid-9015079|pmid-2229562|pmid-7769986|pmid-9004235|pmid-7638161|NA|pmid-9221941|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776
Immature cortical neurons have been shown to be more susceptible to apoptosis than mature neurons, perhaps because cells of younger animals more readily undergo apoptosis than cells of more mature animals (21, 25).
[ "22", "2", "4", "6", "23", "24", "21", "25", "6", "8" ]
214
38,365
0
false
Immature cortical neurons have been shown to be more susceptible to apoptosis than mature neurons, perhaps because cells of younger animals more readily undergo apoptosis than cells of more mature animals.
[ "21, 25" ]
Immature cortical neurons have been shown to be more susceptible to apoptosis than mature neurons, perhaps because cells of younger animals more readily undergo apoptosis than cells of more mature animals.
true
true
true
true
true
6,580
2
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "B22", "B2", "B4", "B6", "B23", "B24", "B21", "B25", "B6", "B8" ]
17,297,264
pmid-10088648|pmid-11440801|pmid-11440801|pmid-11964520|pmid-9685576|pmid-4561027|pmid-9015079|pmid-2229562|pmid-7769986|pmid-9004235|pmid-7638161|NA|pmid-9221941|pmid-7769986|pmid-9836776
Thus, blocking the apoptotic cascade may prolong the therapeutic window after hypoxic-ischemic events, especially in the developing brain (6-8).
[ "22", "2", "4", "6", "23", "24", "21", "25", "6", "8" ]
144
38,366
0
false
Thus, blocking the apoptotic cascade may prolong the therapeutic window after hypoxic-ischemic events, especially in the developing brain.
[ "6-8" ]
Thus, blocking the apoptotic cascade may prolong the therapeutic window after hypoxic-ischemic events, especially in the developing brain.
true
true
true
true
true
6,580
3
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "B7", "B9", "B26", "B7", "B27", "B28" ]
17,297,264
NA|pmid-9576764|pmid-11641453|pmid-9581757|pmid-9576764|pmid-8947555|pmid-9778183
The ability of specific therapeutic agents to reduce neuronal damage associated with hypoxic-ischemic injury has been tested in animal models.
[ "7", "9", "26", "7", "27", "28" ]
142
38,367
0
false
The ability of specific therapeutic agents to reduce neuronal damage associated with hypoxic-ischemic injury has been tested in animal models.
[]
The ability of specific therapeutic agents to reduce neuronal damage associated with hypoxic-ischemic injury has been tested in animal models.
true
true
true
true
true
6,581
3
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "B7", "B9", "B26", "B7", "B27", "B28" ]
17,297,264
NA|pmid-9576764|pmid-11641453|pmid-9581757|pmid-9576764|pmid-8947555|pmid-9778183
Caspase inhibitors, which have antiapoptotic activity and are believed to play a key role in the delayed neuronal cell death after hypoxic-ischemic injury (7, 9).
[ "7", "9", "26", "7", "27", "28" ]
162
38,368
0
false
Caspase inhibitors, which have antiapoptotic activity and are believed to play a key role in the delayed neuronal cell death after hypoxic-ischemic injury.
[ "7, 9" ]
Caspase inhibitors, which have antiapoptotic activity and are believed to play a key role in the delayed neuronal cell death after hypoxic-ischemic injury.
true
true
true
true
true
6,581
3
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "B7", "B9", "B26", "B7", "B27", "B28" ]
17,297,264
NA|pmid-9576764|pmid-11641453|pmid-9581757|pmid-9576764|pmid-8947555|pmid-9778183
Caspases are synthesized in most cells as inactive precursors and are subsequently activated.
[ "7", "9", "26", "7", "27", "28" ]
93
38,369
0
false
Caspases are synthesized in most cells as inactive precursors and are subsequently activated.
[]
Caspases are synthesized in most cells as inactive precursors and are subsequently activated.
true
true
true
true
true
6,581
3
DISCUSSION
1
26
[ "B7", "B9", "B26", "B7", "B27", "B28" ]
17,297,264
NA|pmid-9576764|pmid-11641453|pmid-9581757|pmid-9576764|pmid-8947555|pmid-9778183
Caspase-3 is a terminal enzyme in the caspase family that activates an endonuclease (caspase-activated DNAse), resulting in DNA fragmentation (26).
[ "7", "9", "26", "7", "27", "28" ]
147
38,370
1
false
Caspase-3 is a terminal enzyme in the caspase family that activates an endonuclease (caspase-activated DNAse), resulting in DNA fragmentation.
[ "26" ]
Caspase-3 is a terminal enzyme in the caspase family that activates an endonuclease (caspase-activated DNAse), resulting in DNA fragmentation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,581
3
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "B7", "B9", "B26", "B7", "B27", "B28" ]
17,297,264
NA|pmid-9576764|pmid-11641453|pmid-9581757|pmid-9576764|pmid-8947555|pmid-9778183
Caspase inhibitors, including inhibitors of caspase-3, may prolong the therapeutic window after hypoxic-ischemic injury (7, 27, 28).
[ "7", "9", "26", "7", "27", "28" ]
132
38,371
0
false
Caspase inhibitors, including inhibitors of caspase-3, may prolong the therapeutic window after hypoxic-ischemic injury.
[ "7, 27, 28" ]
Caspase inhibitors, including inhibitors of caspase-3, may prolong the therapeutic window after hypoxic-ischemic injury.
true
true
true
true
true
6,581
4
DISCUSSION
1
10
[ "B10", "B11", "B12", "B13" ]
17,297,264
pmid-10088648|pmid-11440801|pmid-11964520|pmid-9685576
Recently, GH administration has been reported to inhibit neuronal death during hypoxic-ischemic injury, and to have a neuroprotective effect in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus (10, 11).
[ "10", "11", "12", "13" ]
200
38,372
0
false
Recently, GH administration has been reported to inhibit neuronal death during hypoxic-ischemic injury, and to have a neuroprotective effect in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus.
[ "10, 11" ]
Recently, GH administration has been reported to inhibit neuronal death during hypoxic-ischemic injury, and to have a neuroprotective effect in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus.
true
true
true
true
true
6,582
4
DISCUSSION
1
10
[ "B10", "B11", "B12", "B13" ]
17,297,264
pmid-10088648|pmid-11440801|pmid-11964520|pmid-9685576
Although the mechanism is not completely known, several reports suggest that hypoxic-ischemic injury induces neuronal death by downregulating Bcl-2 protein levels, followed by sequential activation of the caspases, and that GH protects neuronal cells by inhibiting alterations in Bcl-2 protein levels and caspase activit...
[ "10", "11", "12", "13" ]
333
38,373
0
false
Although the mechanism is not completely known, several reports suggest that hypoxic-ischemic injury induces neuronal death by downregulating Bcl-2 protein levels, followed by sequential activation of the caspases, and that GH protects neuronal cells by inhibiting alterations in Bcl-2 protein levels and caspase activit...
[ "12, 13" ]
Although the mechanism is not completely known, several reports suggest that hypoxic-ischemic injury induces neuronal death by downregulating Bcl-2 protein levels, followed by sequential activation of the caspases, and that GH protects neuronal cells by inhibiting alterations in Bcl-2 protein levels and caspase activit...
true
true
true
true
true
6,582
5
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,297,264
null
We found that the lipid/NAA ratio was significantly lower in rats administered GH by the ICV and ICV/IP routes, that lipid/Cr ratio was significantly lower in rats administered GH by the ICV, and that the degree of morphologic changes in the brain was significantly correlated with the lipid/NAA and lipid/Cr ratios.
null
316
38,374
0
false
null
null
We found that the lipid/NAA ratio was significantly lower in rats administered GH by the ICV and ICV/IP routes, that lipid/Cr ratio was significantly lower in rats administered GH by the ICV, and that the degree of morphologic changes in the brain was significantly correlated with the lipid/NAA and lipid/Cr ratios.
true
true
true
true
true
6,583
5
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,297,264
null
In our results, lipid/NAA ratio and lipid/Cr ratio were not significantly changed by IP administration of GH.
null
109
38,375
0
false
null
null
In our results, lipid/NAA ratio and lipid/Cr ratio were not significantly changed by IP administration of GH.
true
true
true
true
true
6,583
5
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,297,264
null
Because GH does not usually cross the blood-brain barrier, IP administration of GH may not block cell death.
null
108
38,376
0
false
null
null
Because GH does not usually cross the blood-brain barrier, IP administration of GH may not block cell death.
true
true
true
true
true
6,583
5
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,297,264
null
Taken together, these findings suggest that GH exerts neuroprotective effects in cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury by inhibiting apoptosis, especially in the early stage after insult.
null
182
38,377
0
false
null
null
Taken together, these findings suggest that GH exerts neuroprotective effects in cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury by inhibiting apoptosis, especially in the early stage after insult.
true
true
true
true
true
6,583
5
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,297,264
null
Our results also suggest that GH, as a caspase inhibitor, can have therapeutic value in neuroprotective effect of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
null
144
38,378
0
false
null
null
Our results also suggest that GH, as a caspase inhibitor, can have therapeutic value in neuroprotective effect of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
true
true
true
true
true
6,583
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8604584|pmid-2567801|pmid-3390539|pmid-10493280|pmid-9028304|pmid-9676021|pmid-9700174|pmid-12144052|pmid-12756022
Iron overload is a predictable and life-threatening complication in patients dependent on the regular transfusion of RBCs.
[ "1", "2", "4", "5", "6" ]
122
38,379
0
false
Iron overload is a predictable and life-threatening complication in patients dependent on the regular transfusion of RBCs.
[]
Iron overload is a predictable and life-threatening complication in patients dependent on the regular transfusion of RBCs.
true
true
true
true
true
6,584
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8604584|pmid-2567801|pmid-3390539|pmid-10493280|pmid-9028304|pmid-9676021|pmid-9700174|pmid-12144052|pmid-12756022
In the absence of effective iron chelation therapy, chronic transfusions lead to iron accumulation in the liver, various endocrine organs, and the heart [1].
[ "1", "2", "4", "5", "6" ]
157
38,380
1
false
In the absence of effective iron chelation therapy, chronic transfusions lead to iron accumulation in the liver, various endocrine organs, and the heart.
[ "1" ]
In the absence of effective iron chelation therapy, chronic transfusions lead to iron accumulation in the liver, various endocrine organs, and the heart.
true
true
true
true
true
6,584
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8604584|pmid-2567801|pmid-3390539|pmid-10493280|pmid-9028304|pmid-9676021|pmid-9700174|pmid-12144052|pmid-12756022
Numerous studies have reported that cardiac events due to iron overload in the heart are the primary cause of death in these patients
[ "1", "2", "4", "5", "6" ]
133
38,381
0
false
Numerous studies have reported that cardiac events due to iron overload in the heart are the primary cause of death in these patients
[]
Numerous studies have reported that cardiac events due to iron overload in the heart are the primary cause of death in these patients
true
true
false
true
false
6,584
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8604584|pmid-2567801|pmid-3390539|pmid-10493280|pmid-9028304|pmid-9676021|pmid-9700174|pmid-12144052|pmid-12756022
Therefore, effective iron chelation to promote the excretion of the excess iron from target organs is essential to prevent the morbidity and mortality observed in patients with transfusion-dependent hematologic and/or oncologic disorders [5, 6].
[ "1", "2", "4", "5", "6" ]
245
38,382
0
false
Therefore, effective iron chelation to promote the excretion of the excess iron from target organs is essential to prevent the morbidity and mortality observed in patients with transfusion-dependent hematologic and/or oncologic disorders.
[ "5, 6" ]
Therefore, effective iron chelation to promote the excretion of the excess iron from target organs is essential to prevent the morbidity and mortality observed in patients with transfusion-dependent hematologic and/or oncologic disorders.
true
true
true
true
true
6,584
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "B7", "B1", "B8", "B11" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
Over the past decades, deferoxamine (Desferal) has been shown to prolong survival; improve growth and sexual maturation; and reduce hepatic, cardiac, and endocrine dysfunction in iron-overloaded patients [7].
[ "7", "1", "8", "11" ]
208
38,383
1
false
Over the past decades, deferoxamine (Desferal) has been shown to prolong survival; improve growth and sexual maturation; and reduce hepatic, cardiac, and endocrine dysfunction in iron-overloaded patients.
[ "7" ]
Over the past decades, deferoxamine (Desferal) has been shown to prolong survival; improve growth and sexual maturation; and reduce hepatic, cardiac, and endocrine dysfunction in iron-overloaded patients.
true
true
true
true
true
6,585
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "B7", "B1", "B8", "B11" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
Although deferoxamine can effectively stabilize or reduce body iron load, compliance with the demanding dose regimen can be an issue.
[ "7", "1", "8", "11" ]
133
38,384
0
false
Although deferoxamine can effectively stabilize or reduce body iron load, compliance with the demanding dose regimen can be an issue.
[]
Although deferoxamine can effectively stabilize or reduce body iron load, compliance with the demanding dose regimen can be an issue.
true
true
true
true
true
6,585
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "B7", "B1", "B8", "B11" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
Subcutaneous administration of this drug is frequently associated with local irritation at the site of the deferoxamine infusion.
[ "7", "1", "8", "11" ]
129
38,385
0
false
Subcutaneous administration of this drug is frequently associated with local irritation at the site of the deferoxamine infusion.
[]
Subcutaneous administration of this drug is frequently associated with local irritation at the site of the deferoxamine infusion.
true
true
true
true
true
6,585
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "B7", "B1", "B8", "B11" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
Moreover, deferoxamine has been associated with a variety of dose-related toxicities such as visual and auditory neurotoxicity, growth retardation, and bone morbidities.
[ "7", "1", "8", "11" ]
169
38,386
0
false
Moreover, deferoxamine has been associated with a variety of dose-related toxicities such as visual and auditory neurotoxicity, growth retardation, and bone morbidities.
[]
Moreover, deferoxamine has been associated with a variety of dose-related toxicities such as visual and auditory neurotoxicity, growth retardation, and bone morbidities.
true
true
true
true
true
6,585
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "B7", "B1", "B8", "B11" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
Due to these complications and the route of administration, many patients are noncompliant with deferoxamine therapy and therefore fail to achieve adequate iron chelation [1, 8-11].
[ "7", "1", "8", "11" ]
181
38,387
0
false
Due to these complications and the route of administration, many patients are noncompliant with deferoxamine therapy and therefore fail to achieve adequate iron chelation.
[ "1, 8-11" ]
Due to these complications and the route of administration, many patients are noncompliant with deferoxamine therapy and therefore fail to achieve adequate iron chelation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,585
2
INTRODUCTION
1
12
[ "B12", "B16" ]
21,120,164
pmid-12144052|pmid-12756022
Deferiprone (Ferriprox) is an iron-chelating agent in oral tablet form whose efficacy has been shown to be equivalent to that of deferoxamine [12-16].
[ "12", "16" ]
150
38,388
0
false
Deferiprone (Ferriprox) is an iron-chelating agent in oral tablet form whose efficacy has been shown to be equivalent to that of deferoxamine.
[ "12-16" ]
Deferiprone (Ferriprox) is an iron-chelating agent in oral tablet form whose efficacy has been shown to be equivalent to that of deferoxamine.
true
true
true
true
true
6,586
2
INTRODUCTION
1
12
[ "B12", "B16" ]
21,120,164
pmid-12144052|pmid-12756022
In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of deferiprone in a variety of pediatric hematologic and/or oncologic patients with a high iron overload.
[ "12", "16" ]
160
38,389
0
false
In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of deferiprone in a variety of pediatric hematologic and/or oncologic patients with a high iron overload.
[]
In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of deferiprone in a variety of pediatric hematologic and/or oncologic patients with a high iron overload.
true
true
true
true
true
6,586
0
DISCUSSION
1
17
[ "B17", "B19", "B12", "B16" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8604584|pmid-2567801|pmid-3390539|pmid-10493280|pmid-9028304|pmid-9676021|pmid-9700174|pmid-12144052|pmid-12756022
In this study, serum ferritin levels declined significantly from baseline to end of treatment course (4,677.8±1,130.9 µg/L vs. 3,363.9±1,149.7 µg/L; P=0.033; Fig.
[ "17", "19", "12", "16" ]
162
38,390
0
false
In this study, serum ferritin levels declined significantly from baseline to end of treatment course (4,677.8±1,130.9 µg/L vs. 3,363.9±1,149.7 µg/L; P=0.033; Fig.
[]
In this study, serum ferritin levels declined significantly from baseline to end of treatment course (4,677.8±1,130.9 µg/L vs. 3,363.9±1,149.7 µg/L; P=0.033; Fig.
true
true
true
true
true
6,587
0
DISCUSSION
1
17
[ "B17", "B19", "B12", "B16" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8604584|pmid-2567801|pmid-3390539|pmid-10493280|pmid-9028304|pmid-9676021|pmid-9700174|pmid-12144052|pmid-12756022
Only 1 patient stopped taking medication owing to complications.
[ "17", "19", "12", "16" ]
64
38,391
0
false
Only 1 patient stopped taking medication owing to complications.
[]
Only 1 patient stopped taking medication owing to complications.
true
true
true
true
true
6,587
0
DISCUSSION
1
17
[ "B17", "B19", "B12", "B16" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8604584|pmid-2567801|pmid-3390539|pmid-10493280|pmid-9028304|pmid-9676021|pmid-9700174|pmid-12144052|pmid-12756022
This is similar to the results of previous studies in which deferiprone treatment prevented the progression of iron overload in transfusion-dependent patients, as demonstrated by the sequential assessments of serum ferritin concentrations [17-19].
[ "17", "19", "12", "16" ]
247
38,392
0
false
This is similar to the results of previous studies in which deferiprone treatment prevented the progression of iron overload in transfusion-dependent patients, as demonstrated by the sequential assessments of serum ferritin concentrations.
[ "17-19" ]
This is similar to the results of previous studies in which deferiprone treatment prevented the progression of iron overload in transfusion-dependent patients, as demonstrated by the sequential assessments of serum ferritin concentrations.
true
true
true
true
true
6,587
0
DISCUSSION
1
17
[ "B17", "B19", "B12", "B16" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8604584|pmid-2567801|pmid-3390539|pmid-10493280|pmid-9028304|pmid-9676021|pmid-9700174|pmid-12144052|pmid-12756022
In addition, the efficacy of deferiprone has been shown to be equivalent to that of deferoxamine in some studies [12-16].
[ "17", "19", "12", "16" ]
121
38,393
0
false
In addition, the efficacy of deferiprone has been shown to be equivalent to that of deferoxamine in some studies.
[ "12-16" ]
In addition, the efficacy of deferiprone has been shown to be equivalent to that of deferoxamine in some studies.
true
true
true
true
true
6,587
1
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "B20", "B20", "B21", "B20", "B22", "B23" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
While some adverse events were expected in the present study, complications occurred in only 1 patient (5.9%).
[ "20", "20", "21", "20", "22", "23" ]
110
38,394
0
false
While some adverse events were expected in the present study, complications occurred in only 1 patient (5.9%).
[]
While some adverse events were expected in the present study, complications occurred in only 1 patient (5.9%).
true
true
true
true
true
6,588
1
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "B20", "B20", "B21", "B20", "B22", "B23" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
No liver enzyme elevation or agranulocytosis (severe neutropenia, defined as an absolute neutrophil count
[ "20", "20", "21", "20", "22", "23" ]
105
38,395
0
false
No liver enzyme elevation or agranulocytosis (severe neutropenia, defined as an absolute neutrophil count
[]
No liver enzyme elevation or agranulocytosis (severe neutropenia, defined as an absolute neutrophil count
true
true
false
true
false
6,588
1
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "B20", "B20", "B21", "B20", "B22", "B23" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
[ANC] <500/µL) was reported; however, 1 case of neutropenia (defined as ANC >500/µL but <1,500/µL) was identified.
[ "20", "20", "21", "20", "22", "23" ]
114
38,396
0
false
[ANC] <500/µL) was reported; however, 1 case of neutropenia (defined as ANC >500/µL but <1,500/µL) was identified.
[]
[ANC] <500/µL) was reported; however, 1 case of neutropenia was identified.
false
false
true
true
false
6,588
1
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "B20", "B20", "B21", "B20", "B22", "B23" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
Serum creatinine concentrations increased significantly; however, the levels of serum creatinine at the end of the study were in the clinically normal range (0.7±0.1 mg/dL).
[ "20", "20", "21", "20", "22", "23" ]
173
38,397
0
false
Serum creatinine concentrations increased significantly; however, the levels of serum creatinine at the end of the study were in the clinically normal range (0.7±0.1 mg/dL).
[]
Serum creatinine concentrations increased significantly; however, the levels of serum creatinine at the end of the study were in the clinically normal range.
true
true
true
true
true
6,588
1
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "B20", "B20", "B21", "B20", "B22", "B23" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
In a large, multicenter, long-term study of deferiprone treatment, the incidence of agranulocytosis was 1% [20].
[ "20", "20", "21", "20", "22", "23" ]
112
38,398
1
false
In a large, multicenter, long-term study of deferiprone treatment, the incidence of agranulocytosis was 1%.
[ "20" ]
In a large, multicenter, long-term study of deferiprone treatment, the incidence of agranulocytosis was 1%.
true
true
true
true
true
6,588
1
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "B20", "B20", "B21", "B20", "B22", "B23" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
This corresponds to a rate of 0.4 episodes per 100 patient-years of therapy.
[ "20", "20", "21", "20", "22", "23" ]
76
38,399
0
false
This corresponds to a rate of 0.4 episodes per 100 patient-years of therapy.
[]
This corresponds to a rate of 0.4 episodes per 100 patient-years of therapy.
true
true
true
true
true
6,588
1
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "B20", "B20", "B21", "B20", "B22", "B23" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
In the present study, agranulocytosis did not develop because of the small number of patients and the short study period (22.9 patient-years; data not shown).
[ "20", "20", "21", "20", "22", "23" ]
158
38,400
0
false
In the present study, agranulocytosis did not develop because of the small number of patients and the short study period.
[ "22.9 patient-years; data not shown" ]
In the present study, agranulocytosis did not develop because of the small number of patients and the short study period.
true
true
true
true
true
6,588
1
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "B20", "B20", "B21", "B20", "B22", "B23" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
However, the overall incidence of neutropenia corresponds to a rate of 2.5 per 100 patient-years of exposure [20].
[ "20", "20", "21", "20", "22", "23" ]
114
38,401
1
false
However, the overall incidence of neutropenia corresponds to a rate of 2.5 per 100 patient-years of exposure.
[ "20" ]
However, the overall incidence of neutropenia corresponds to a rate of 2.5 per 100 patient-years of exposure.
true
true
true
true
true
6,588
1
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "B20", "B20", "B21", "B20", "B22", "B23" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
This incidence explains the results of the present study.
[ "20", "20", "21", "20", "22", "23" ]
57
38,402
0
false
This incidence explains the results of the present study.
[]
This incidence explains the results of the present study.
true
true
true
true
true
6,588
1
DISCUSSION
1
21
[ "B20", "B20", "B21", "B20", "B22", "B23" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
Although the mechanism of neutropenia development may differ from the mechanism that results in agranulocytosis, thalassemia patients not treated with deferiprone are known to exhibit transient drops in the neutrophil count to a level defined as neutropenia [21].
[ "20", "20", "21", "20", "22", "23" ]
263
38,403
1
false
Although the mechanism of neutropenia development may differ from the mechanism that results in agranulocytosis, thalassemia patients not treated with deferiprone are known to exhibit transient drops in the neutrophil count to a level defined as neutropenia.
[ "21" ]
Although the mechanism of neutropenia development may differ from the mechanism that results in agranulocytosis, thalassemia patients not treated with deferiprone are known to exhibit transient drops in the neutrophil count to a level defined as neutropenia.
true
true
true
true
true
6,588
1
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "B20", "B20", "B21", "B20", "B22", "B23" ]
21,120,164
pmid-8047080|pmid-8604584|pmid-8604585|pmid-3485251|pmid-12100170|pmid-12100170|NA|pmid-12100170|pmid-10691860|NA
In some studies, deferoxamine-treated patients experienced at least 1 episode of neutropenia, and these episodes are likely to be related to overactivity of the spleen, a condition that is often present in thalassemia patients [20, 22, 23].
[ "20", "20", "21", "20", "22", "23" ]
240
38,404
0
false
In some studies, deferoxamine-treated patients experienced at least 1 episode of neutropenia, and these episodes are likely to be related to overactivity of the spleen, a condition that is often present in thalassemia patients.
[ "20, 22, 23" ]
In some studies, deferoxamine-treated patients experienced at least 1 episode of neutropenia, and these episodes are likely to be related to overactivity of the spleen, a condition that is often present in thalassemia patients.
true
true
true
true
true
6,588
2
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
21,120,164
pmid-12144052|pmid-12756022
The limitations of this study were the small number of patients, short period of follow-up time, and the heterogenous disease group.
null
132
38,405
0
false
null
null
The limitations of this study were the small number of patients, short period of follow-up time, and the heterogenous disease group.
true
true
true
true
true
6,589
2
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
21,120,164
pmid-12144052|pmid-12756022
Seven patients had a malignant disease such as neuroblastoma and AML.
null
69
38,406
0
false
null
null
Seven patients had a malignant disease such as neuroblastoma and AML.
true
true
true
true
true
6,589
2
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
21,120,164
pmid-12144052|pmid-12756022
Most studies on iron-chelating agents applied these agents to targeted hematologic disorders such as thalassemia.
null
113
38,407
0
false
null
null
Most studies on iron-chelating agents applied these agents to targeted hematologic disorders such as thalassemia.
true
true
true
true
true
6,589
2
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
21,120,164
pmid-12144052|pmid-12756022
However, results of the present study show the effectiveness of deferiprone in pediatric patients with malignant or benign hematologic disease for which transfusion is needed during the course of treatment.
null
206
38,408
0
false
null
null
However, results of the present study show the effectiveness of deferiprone in pediatric patients with malignant or benign hematologic disease for which transfusion is needed during the course of treatment.
true
true
true
true
true
6,589
3
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
21,120,164
null
In conclusion, deferiprone treatment is relatively safe for pediatric patients suffering from various hematologic and oncologic diseases for which RBC transfusion is needed during treatment.
null
190
38,409
0
false
null
null
In conclusion, deferiprone treatment is relatively safe for pediatric patients suffering from various hematologic and oncologic diseases for which RBC transfusion is needed during treatment.
true
true
true
true
true
6,590
3
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
21,120,164
null
However, critical complications such as neutropenia remain a concern.
null
69
38,410
0
false
null
null
However, critical complications such as neutropenia remain a concern.
true
true
true
true
true
6,590
0
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,616,025
NA|NA|NA
Granular cell tumors (GCTs) originate from Schwann cells.
null
57
38,411
0
false
null
null
Granular cell tumors (GCTs) originate from Schwann cells.
true
true
true
true
true
6,591
0
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,616,025
NA|NA|NA
The majority of granular cell tumors occur in the head and neck region, with a predilection for occurrence in the tongue.
null
121
38,412
0
false
null
null
The majority of granular cell tumors occur in the head and neck region, with a predilection for occurrence in the tongue.
true
true
true
true
true
6,591
0
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,616,025
NA|NA|NA
Tracheal lesions are by far the least common.
null
45
38,413
0
false
null
null
Tracheal lesions are by far the least common.
true
true
true
true
true
6,591
0
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,616,025
NA|NA|NA
A confirmative diagnosis for GCTs should be made histopathologically and should be supported by immunohistochemical staining.
null
125
38,414
0
false
null
null
A confirmative diagnosis for GCTs should be made histopathologically and should be supported by immunohistochemical staining.
true
true
true
true
true
6,591
0
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,616,025
NA|NA|NA
The treatment of a granular cell tumor consists of wide local excision.
null
71
38,415
0
false
null
null
The treatment of a granular cell tumor consists of wide local excision.
true
true
true
true
true
6,591