Datasets:
vgainullin
/
xciting_data

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
1
paragraph_index
int64
sec
string
p_has_citation
int64
cites
string
citeids
list
pmid
int64
cited_id
string
sentences
string
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list
sent_len
int64
sentence_batch_index
int64
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float64
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bool
cited_sentence
string
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list
cln_sentence
string
is_cap
bool
is_alpha
bool
ends_wp
bool
cit_qc
bool
lgtm
bool
__index_level_0__
int64
4
DISCUSSION
1
17
[ "B10", "B17", "B25", "B17", "B26", "B17" ]
20,430,888
pmid-11827528|pmid-17384166|pmid-11027983|pmid-17384166|pmid-12646275|pmid-17384166
Thus, we have previously hypothesized that the observed selective Mg2+-dependent suppression may act as a physiologically relevant feed-forward inhibition mechanism limiting flux toward the potent GA hormones, with inhibitory Mg2+ binding to the catalytic DXDD motif, whereas an unidentified residue acts as a regulatory...
[ "10", "17", "25", "17", "26", "17" ]
365
38,516
1
false
Thus, we have previously hypothesized that the observed selective Mg2+-dependent suppression may act as a physiologically relevant feed-forward inhibition mechanism limiting flux toward the potent GA hormones, with inhibitory Mg2+ binding to the catalytic DXDD motif, whereas an unidentified residue acts as a regulatory...
[ "17" ]
Thus, we have previously hypothesized that the observed selective Mg2+-dependent suppression may act as a physiologically relevant feed-forward inhibition mechanism limiting flux toward the potent GA hormones, with inhibitory Mg2+ binding to the catalytic DXDD motif, whereas an unidentified residue acts as a regulatory...
true
true
true
true
true
6,617
5
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
This hypothesis was further bolstered by the investigation of enzymatic activity presented here, which also indicated an interaction between such inhibitory Mg2+ binding and the catalytic counter ion basic residue.
null
214
38,517
0
false
null
null
This hypothesis was further bolstered by the investigation of enzymatic activity presented here, which also indicated an interaction between such inhibitory Mg2+ binding and the catalytic counter ion basic residue.
true
true
true
true
true
6,618
5
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
In addition to being consistent with the postulated direct interaction of this residue with the DXDD motif, the enhanced inhibitory Mg2+ binding observed upon removal of the basic catalytic counter ion suggested the possibility that this residue might be the postulated regulatory switch.
null
288
38,518
0
false
null
null
In addition to being consistent with the postulated direct interaction of this residue with the DXDD motif, the enhanced inhibitory Mg2+ binding observed upon removal of the basic catalytic counter ion suggested the possibility that this residue might be the postulated regulatory switch.
true
true
true
true
true
6,618
6
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
Close examination of the alignment of class II enzymes focusing on those with known physiological roles revealed a striking conservation pattern wherein this position is conserved as a His in those CPS with a demonstrated role in GA biosynthesis and as an Arg in those class II enzymes functioning in more specialized/se...
null
344
38,519
0
false
null
null
Close examination of the alignment of class II enzymes focusing on those with known physiological roles revealed a striking conservation pattern wherein this position is conserved as a His in those CPS with a demonstrated role in GA biosynthesis and as an Arg in those class II enzymes functioning in more specialized/se...
true
true
true
true
true
6,619
6
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
Hypothesizing that this might represent the previously postulated regulatory switch, we reciprocally exchanged the corresponding catalytic basic residues in AtCPS and AgAS and found that this led to dramatically different sensitivity to inhibition by Mg2+ in both cases (Fig.
null
275
38,520
0
false
null
null
Hypothesizing that this might represent the previously postulated regulatory switch, we reciprocally exchanged the corresponding catalytic basic residues in AtCPS and AgAS and found that this led to dramatically different sensitivity to inhibition by Mg2+ in both cases (Fig.
true
true
true
true
true
6,619
6
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
These results strongly indicate that the identity of the residue at this catalytic basic counter ion position represents the previously hypothesized regulatory switch for plant class II diterpene cyclases, consistent with the conservation pattern noted above.
null
259
38,521
0
false
null
null
These results strongly indicate that the identity of the residue at this catalytic basic counter ion position represents the previously hypothesized regulatory switch for plant class II diterpene cyclases, consistent with the conservation pattern noted above.
true
true
true
true
true
6,619
6
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
We hypothesize that the positively charged form of this catalytic basic residue repels Mg2+, with the lower pKa of His relative to Arg providing a higher probability that this side chain will be in the unprotonated/neutral form, allowing inhibitory Mg2+ binding to the DXDD motif (Fig.
null
285
38,522
0
false
null
null
We hypothesize that the positively charged form of this catalytic basic residue repels Mg2+, with the lower pKa of His relative to Arg providing a higher probability that this side chain will be in the unprotonated/neutral form, allowing inhibitory Mg2+ binding to the DXDD motif (Fig.
true
true
true
true
true
6,619
6
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
6), although steric effects also are possible.
null
46
38,523
0
false
null
null
6), although steric effects also are possible.
false
false
true
true
false
6,619
7
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
Proposed model for the DXDD+His/Arg catalytic tetrad, with speculative hydrogen bonding interactions among the catalytic residues and the natural GGPP substrate.
null
161
38,524
0
false
null
null
Proposed model for the DXDD+His/Arg catalytic tetrad, with speculative hydrogen bonding interactions among the catalytic residues and the natural GGPP substrate.
true
true
true
true
true
6,620
7
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
A, productive binding in the active site of CPS involved in GA biosynthesis.
null
76
38,525
0
false
null
null
A, productive binding in the active site of CPS involved in GA biosynthesis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,620
7
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
B, inhibitory binding of Mg2+ preventing GGPP cyclization in the active site of CPS involved in GA biosynthesis.
null
112
38,526
0
false
null
null
B, inhibitory binding of Mg2+ preventing GGPP cyclization in the active site of CPS involved in GA biosynthesis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,620
7
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
C, productive binding of GGPP in the class II active site of diterpene synthases involved in more specialized/secondary metabolism.
null
131
38,527
0
false
null
null
C, productive binding of GGPP in the class II active site of diterpene synthases involved in more specialized/secondary metabolism.
true
true
true
true
true
6,620
7
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
The catalytic aspartates are labeled by their relative position within the DXDD motif.
null
86
38,528
0
false
null
null
The catalytic aspartates are labeled by their relative position within the DXDD motif.
true
true
true
true
true
6,620
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
Regardless of the exact mechanism, the striking conservation pattern and biochemical effect revealed here strongly support physiological relevance for the previously hypothesized synergistic feed-forward inhibition exerted by GGPP and Mg2+ on the CPS involved in GA biosynthesis to limit flux toward this potent phytohor...
null
325
38,529
0
false
null
null
Regardless of the exact mechanism, the striking conservation pattern and biochemical effect revealed here strongly support physiological relevance for the previously hypothesized synergistic feed-forward inhibition exerted by GGPP and Mg2+ on the CPS involved in GA biosynthesis to limit flux toward this potent phytohor...
true
true
true
true
true
6,621
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
In addition, these results further suggest the importance of removing such limitation to enable higher flux in the context of more specialized/secondary metabolism, where rapid production of relatively large amounts of (e.g.
null
224
38,530
0
false
null
null
In addition, these results further suggest the importance of removing such limitation to enable higher flux in the context of more specialized/secondary metabolism, where rapid production of relatively large amounts of (e.g.
true
true
true
true
true
6,621
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
antibiotic) natural products would provide obvious advantages for such a defensive response.
null
92
38,531
0
false
null
null
antibiotic) natural products would provide obvious advantages for such a defensive response.
false
true
true
true
false
6,621
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
Accordingly, our results provide insight into the enzymatic mechanism of plant class II diterpene cyclases and also support the relevance of an intertwined biochemical regulatory mechanism, which appears to operate as a single residue switch that is flipped in response to the selective advantages provided by differenti...
null
404
38,532
0
false
null
null
Accordingly, our results provide insight into the enzymatic mechanism of plant class II diterpene cyclases and also support the relevance of an intertwined biochemical regulatory mechanism, which appears to operate as a single residue switch that is flipped in response to the selective advantages provided by differenti...
true
true
true
true
true
6,621
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,430,888
null
primary/GA versus more specialized/secondary) metabolic fluxes.
null
63
38,533
0
false
null
null
primary/GA versus more specialized/secondary) metabolic fluxes.
false
true
true
true
false
6,621
0
INTRODUCTION
1
Etienne-Manneville, 2004
[ "B13", "B32", "B5", "B9", "B10", "B4", "B28", "B26" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
In diverse organisms, the small-molecular-weight GTPases function as key signaling molecules in polarity development (Etienne-Manneville, 2004; Raftopoulou and Hall, 2004).
[ "Etienne-Manneville, 2004", "Raftopoulou and Hall, 2004", "Bender and Pringle, 1989", "Chant ", "Chant and Herskowitz, 1991", "Bender, 1993", "Park ", "Park and Bi, 2007" ]
172
38,534
0
false
In diverse organisms, the small-molecular-weight GTPases function as key signaling molecules in polarity development.
[ "Etienne-Manneville, 2004; Raftopoulou and Hall, 2004" ]
In diverse organisms, the small-molecular-weight GTPases function as key signaling molecules in polarity development.
true
true
true
true
true
6,622
0
INTRODUCTION
1
Etienne-Manneville, 2004
[ "B13", "B32", "B5", "B9", "B10", "B4", "B28", "B26" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
One of the fundamental questions is how these GTPases are locally activated.
[ "Etienne-Manneville, 2004", "Raftopoulou and Hall, 2004", "Bender and Pringle, 1989", "Chant ", "Chant and Herskowitz, 1991", "Bender, 1993", "Park ", "Park and Bi, 2007" ]
76
38,535
0
false
One of the fundamental questions is how these GTPases are locally activated.
[]
One of the fundamental questions is how these GTPases are locally activated.
true
true
true
true
true
6,622
0
INTRODUCTION
1
Etienne-Manneville, 2004
[ "B13", "B32", "B5", "B9", "B10", "B4", "B28", "B26" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, selection of a cortical site for growth, referred to as bud-site selection, determines the axis of cell polarization.
[ "Etienne-Manneville, 2004", "Raftopoulou and Hall, 2004", "Bender and Pringle, 1989", "Chant ", "Chant and Herskowitz, 1991", "Bender, 1993", "Park ", "Park and Bi, 2007" ]
164
38,536
0
false
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, selection of a cortical site for growth, referred to as bud-site selection, determines the axis of cell polarization.
[]
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, selection of a cortical site for growth, referred to as bud-site selection, determines the axis of cell polarization.
true
true
true
true
true
6,622
0
INTRODUCTION
1
Etienne-Manneville, 2004
[ "B13", "B32", "B5", "B9", "B10", "B4", "B28", "B26" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
A proper bud site is determined by the Rsr1 GTPase module, which includes the Ras-type GTPase Rsr1 (also known as Bud1), its GDP-GTP exchange factor (GEF) Bud5 and its GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Bud2 (Bender and Pringle, 1989; Chant et al., 1991; Chant and Herskowitz, 1991; Bender, 1993; Park et al., 1993).
[ "Etienne-Manneville, 2004", "Raftopoulou and Hall, 2004", "Bender and Pringle, 1989", "Chant ", "Chant and Herskowitz, 1991", "Bender, 1993", "Park ", "Park and Bi, 2007" ]
313
38,537
0
false
A proper bud site is determined by the Rsr1 GTPase module, which includes the Ras-type GTPase Rsr1 (also known as Bud1), its GDP-GTP exchange factor (GEF) Bud5 and its GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Bud2.
[ "Bender and Pringle, 1989; Chant et al., 1991; Chant and Herskowitz, 1991; Bender, 1993; Park et al., 1993" ]
A proper bud site is determined by the Rsr1 GTPase module, which includes the Ras-type GTPase Rsr1, its GDP-GTP exchange factor Bud5 and its GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Bud2.
true
true
true
true
true
6,622
0
INTRODUCTION
1
Etienne-Manneville, 2004
[ "B13", "B32", "B5", "B9", "B10", "B4", "B28", "B26" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
The Rsr1 GTPase module is thus thought to link spatial landmarks to polarity establishment {see Park and Bi, 2007 and references therein}.
[ "Etienne-Manneville, 2004", "Raftopoulou and Hall, 2004", "Bender and Pringle, 1989", "Chant ", "Chant and Herskowitz, 1991", "Bender, 1993", "Park ", "Park and Bi, 2007" ]
138
38,538
0
false
The Rsr1 GTPase module is thus thought to link spatial landmarks to polarity establishment {see Park and Bi, 2007 and references therein}.
[]
The Rsr1 GTPase module is thus thought to link spatial landmarks to polarity establishment {see Park and Bi, 2007 and references therein}.
true
true
true
true
true
6,622
1
INTRODUCTION
1
Bender and Pringle, 1989
[ "B5", "B22", "B43", "B27", "B22", "B8", "B11", "B20" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Previous studies have identified numerous interactions between RSR1 and genes involved in polarity establishment.
[ "Bender and Pringle, 1989", "Kozminski ", "Zheng ", "Park ", "Kozminski ", "Brown ", "Chen ", "Kawasaki " ]
113
38,539
0
false
Previous studies have identified numerous interactions between RSR1 and genes involved in polarity establishment.
[]
Previous studies have identified numerous interactions between RSR1 and genes involved in polarity establishment.
true
true
true
true
true
6,623
1
INTRODUCTION
1
Bender and Pringle, 1989
[ "B5", "B22", "B43", "B27", "B22", "B8", "B11", "B20" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Overexpression of RSR1 suppresses the temperature-sensitive growth of the cdc24 and cdc42 mutants that are specifically defective in polarity establishment (Bender and Pringle, 1989; Kozminski et al., 2003).
[ "Bender and Pringle, 1989", "Kozminski ", "Zheng ", "Park ", "Kozminski ", "Brown ", "Chen ", "Kawasaki " ]
207
38,540
0
false
Overexpression of RSR1 suppresses the temperature-sensitive growth of the cdc24 and cdc42 mutants that are specifically defective in polarity establishment.
[ "Bender and Pringle, 1989; Kozminski et al., 2003" ]
Overexpression of RSR1 suppresses the temperature-sensitive growth of the cdc24 and cdc42 mutants that are specifically defective in polarity establishment.
true
true
true
true
true
6,623
1
INTRODUCTION
1
Bender and Pringle, 1989
[ "B5", "B22", "B43", "B27", "B22", "B8", "B11", "B20" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Rsr1 interacts with the Rho-type GTPase Cdc42 and its exchange factor Cdc24 in a GTP-dependent manner (Zheng et al., 1995; Park et al., 1997; Kozminski et al., 2003).
[ "Bender and Pringle, 1989", "Kozminski ", "Zheng ", "Park ", "Kozminski ", "Brown ", "Chen ", "Kawasaki " ]
166
38,541
0
false
Rsr1 interacts with the Rho-type GTPase Cdc42 and its exchange factor Cdc24 in a GTP-dependent manner.
[ "Zheng et al., 1995; Park et al., 1997; Kozminski et al., 2003" ]
Rsr1 interacts with the Rho-type GTPase Cdc42 and its exchange factor Cdc24 in a GTP-dependent manner.
true
true
true
true
true
6,623
1
INTRODUCTION
1
Bender and Pringle, 1989
[ "B5", "B22", "B43", "B27", "B22", "B8", "B11", "B20" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
RSR1 also exhibits a genetic interaction with GIC1 and GIC2 (GTPase interactive components 1 and 2), which encode two closely related proteins that interact with Cdc42.
[ "Bender and Pringle, 1989", "Kozminski ", "Zheng ", "Park ", "Kozminski ", "Brown ", "Chen ", "Kawasaki " ]
168
38,542
0
false
RSR1 also exhibits a genetic interaction with GIC1 and GIC2 (GTPase interactive components 1 and 2), which encode two closely related proteins that interact with Cdc42.
[]
RSR1 also exhibits a genetic interaction with GIC1 and GIC2, which encode two closely related proteins that interact with Cdc42.
true
true
true
true
true
6,623
1
INTRODUCTION
1
Bender and Pringle, 1989
[ "B5", "B22", "B43", "B27", "B22", "B8", "B11", "B20" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Cells lacking both Gic1 and Gic2 also exhibit temperature-sensitive defects in polarity establishment including perturbed actin cytoskeleton organization (Brown et al., 1997; Chen et al., 1997).
[ "Bender and Pringle, 1989", "Kozminski ", "Zheng ", "Park ", "Kozminski ", "Brown ", "Chen ", "Kawasaki " ]
194
38,543
0
false
Cells lacking both Gic1 and Gic2 also exhibit temperature-sensitive defects in polarity establishment including perturbed actin cytoskeleton organization.
[ "Brown et al., 1997; Chen et al., 1997" ]
Cells lacking both Gic1 and Gic2 also exhibit temperature-sensitive defects in polarity establishment including perturbed actin cytoskeleton organization.
true
true
true
true
true
6,623
1
INTRODUCTION
1
Bender and Pringle, 1989
[ "B5", "B22", "B43", "B27", "B22", "B8", "B11", "B20" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Cells deleted for RSR1, GIC1, and GIC2 cannot undergo bud emergence (Kawasaki et al., 2003), suggesting a shared role of Rsr1 and Gic1/Gic2 in polarity establishment.
[ "Bender and Pringle, 1989", "Kozminski ", "Zheng ", "Park ", "Kozminski ", "Brown ", "Chen ", "Kawasaki " ]
166
38,544
0
false
Cells deleted for RSR1, GIC1, and GIC2 cannot undergo bud emergence, suggesting a shared role of Rsr1 and Gic1/Gic2 in polarity establishment.
[ "Kawasaki et al., 2003" ]
Cells deleted for RSR1, GIC1, and GIC2 cannot undergo bud emergence, suggesting a shared role of Rsr1 and Gic1/Gic2 in polarity establishment.
true
true
true
true
true
6,623
1
INTRODUCTION
1
Bender and Pringle, 1989
[ "B5", "B22", "B43", "B27", "B22", "B8", "B11", "B20" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Thus, Rsr1 may function not only in guiding Cdc42 or its regulators to the proper growth site, but also in regulating polarity establishment through multiple protein–protein interactions.
[ "Bender and Pringle, 1989", "Kozminski ", "Zheng ", "Park ", "Kozminski ", "Brown ", "Chen ", "Kawasaki " ]
187
38,545
0
false
Thus, Rsr1 may function not only in guiding Cdc42 or its regulators to the proper growth site, but also in regulating polarity establishment through multiple protein–protein interactions.
[]
Thus, Rsr1 may function not only in guiding Cdc42 or its regulators to the proper growth site, but also in regulating polarity establishment through multiple protein–protein interactions.
true
true
true
true
true
6,623
2
INTRODUCTION
1
Chant
[ "B9", "B4", "B28", "B35", "B20", "B22" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
The Rsr1 GTPase cycle appears to be critical for its role in bud-site selection and polarity establishment.
[ "Chant ", "Bender, 1993", "Park ", "Ruggieri ", "Kawasaki ", "Kozminski " ]
107
38,546
0
false
The Rsr1 GTPase cycle appears to be critical for its role in bud-site selection and polarity establishment.
[]
The Rsr1 GTPase cycle appears to be critical for its role in bud-site selection and polarity establishment.
true
true
true
true
true
6,624
2
INTRODUCTION
1
Chant
[ "B9", "B4", "B28", "B35", "B20", "B22" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Cells deleted for BUD2 or BUD5 bud in a random manner in all cell types (Chant et al., 1991; Bender, 1993; Park et al., 1993).
[ "Chant ", "Bender, 1993", "Park ", "Ruggieri ", "Kawasaki ", "Kozminski " ]
126
38,547
0
false
Cells deleted for BUD2 or BUD5 bud in a random manner in all cell types.
[ "Chant et al., 1991; Bender, 1993; Park et al., 1993" ]
Cells deleted for BUD2 or BUD5 bud in a random manner in all cell types.
true
true
true
true
true
6,624
2
INTRODUCTION
1
Chant
[ "B9", "B4", "B28", "B35", "B20", "B22" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Similarly, the RSR1 mutant that encodes either GTP- or GDP-locked Rsr1 exhibits random bud-site selection (Ruggieri et al., 1992).
[ "Chant ", "Bender, 1993", "Park ", "Ruggieri ", "Kawasaki ", "Kozminski " ]
130
38,548
0
false
Similarly, the RSR1 mutant that encodes either GTP- or GDP-locked Rsr1 exhibits random bud-site selection.
[ "Ruggieri et al., 1992" ]
Similarly, the RSR1 mutant that encodes either GTP- or GDP-locked Rsr1 exhibits random bud-site selection.
true
true
true
true
true
6,624
2
INTRODUCTION
1
Chant
[ "B9", "B4", "B28", "B35", "B20", "B22" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Overexpression of the wild-type Rsr1, but not the GTP- or GDP-locked Rsr1, can suppress the temperature-sensitive growth of the cdc42 or gic1 gic2 mutant (Kawasaki et al., 2003; Kozminski et al., 2003).
[ "Chant ", "Bender, 1993", "Park ", "Ruggieri ", "Kawasaki ", "Kozminski " ]
202
38,549
0
false
Overexpression of the wild-type Rsr1, but not the GTP- or GDP-locked Rsr1, can suppress the temperature-sensitive growth of the cdc42 or gic1 gic2 mutant.
[ "Kawasaki et al., 2003; Kozminski et al., 2003" ]
Overexpression of the wild-type Rsr1, but not the GTP- or GDP-locked Rsr1, can suppress the temperature-sensitive growth of the cdc42 or gic1 gic2 mutant.
true
true
true
true
true
6,624
2
INTRODUCTION
1
Chant
[ "B9", "B4", "B28", "B35", "B20", "B22" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Thus, cycling of Rsr1 between the GTP- and GDP-bound states is important for its role, rather than Rsr1 functioning as a Ras-like on/off switch.
[ "Chant ", "Bender, 1993", "Park ", "Ruggieri ", "Kawasaki ", "Kozminski " ]
144
38,550
0
false
Thus, cycling of Rsr1 between the GTP- and GDP-bound states is important for its role, rather than Rsr1 functioning as a Ras-like on/off switch.
[]
Thus, cycling of Rsr1 between the GTP- and GDP-bound states is important for its role, rather than Rsr1 functioning as a Ras-like on/off switch.
true
true
true
true
true
6,624
2
INTRODUCTION
1
Chant
[ "B9", "B4", "B28", "B35", "B20", "B22" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
However, less is understood about how and when the Rsr1 GTPase cycle is activated.
[ "Chant ", "Bender, 1993", "Park ", "Ruggieri ", "Kawasaki ", "Kozminski " ]
82
38,551
0
false
However, less is understood about how and when the Rsr1 GTPase cycle is activated.
[]
However, less is understood about how and when the Rsr1 GTPase cycle is activated.
true
true
true
true
true
6,624
3
INTRODUCTION
1
Park
[ "B30", "B19", "B25", "B30", "B19" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
The two regulators of Rsr1, Bud2 and Bud5, are likely to play a critical role for localized activation of the Rsr1 GTPase cycle.
[ "Park ", "Kang ", "Marston ", "Park ", "Kang " ]
128
38,552
0
false
The two regulators of Rsr1, Bud2 and Bud5, are likely to play a critical role for localized activation of the Rsr1 GTPase cycle.
[]
The two regulators of Rsr1, Bud2 and Bud5, are likely to play a critical role for localized activation of the Rsr1 GTPase cycle.
true
true
true
true
true
6,625
3
INTRODUCTION
1
Park
[ "B30", "B19", "B25", "B30", "B19" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Bud2 and Bud5 localize to the presumptive bud site in G1, but the exact localization patterns of each protein at the later stages of the cell cycle are different.
[ "Park ", "Kang ", "Marston ", "Park ", "Kang " ]
162
38,553
0
false
Bud2 and Bud5 localize to the presumptive bud site in G1, but the exact localization patterns of each protein at the later stages of the cell cycle are different.
[]
Bud2 and Bud5 localize to the presumptive bud site in G1, but the exact localization patterns of each protein at the later stages of the cell cycle are different.
true
true
true
true
true
6,625
3
INTRODUCTION
1
Park
[ "B30", "B19", "B25", "B30", "B19" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Bud2 localizes to the mother-bud neck after bud emergence in the earlier stages of the cell cycle, but de-localizes during M phase (Park et al., 1999).
[ "Park ", "Kang ", "Marston ", "Park ", "Kang " ]
151
38,554
0
false
Bud2 localizes to the mother-bud neck after bud emergence in the earlier stages of the cell cycle, but de-localizes during M phase.
[ "Park et al., 1999" ]
Bud2 localizes to the mother-bud neck after bud emergence in the earlier stages of the cell cycle, but de-localizes during M phase.
true
true
true
true
true
6,625
3
INTRODUCTION
1
Park
[ "B30", "B19", "B25", "B30", "B19" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Bud5 localizes to the bud tip after bud emergence and then to the mother-bud neck as double rings in M phase.
[ "Park ", "Kang ", "Marston ", "Park ", "Kang " ]
109
38,555
0
false
Bud5 localizes to the bud tip after bud emergence and then to the mother-bud neck as double rings in M phase.
[]
Bud5 localizes to the bud tip after bud emergence and then to the mother-bud neck as double rings in M phase.
true
true
true
true
true
6,625
3
INTRODUCTION
1
Park
[ "B30", "B19", "B25", "B30", "B19" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
These double rings split and become inherited by mother and daughter cells after cell division (Kang et al., 2001; Marston et al., 2001).
[ "Park ", "Kang ", "Marston ", "Park ", "Kang " ]
137
38,556
0
false
These double rings split and become inherited by mother and daughter cells after cell division.
[ "Kang et al., 2001; Marston et al., 2001" ]
These double rings split and become inherited by mother and daughter cells after cell division.
true
true
true
true
true
6,625
3
INTRODUCTION
1
Park
[ "B30", "B19", "B25", "B30", "B19" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
These specific localization patterns of Bud2 and Bud5 seem to be important for proper bud-site selection, as mis-localization of these proteins caused by overexpression leads to random budding patterns (Park et al., 1999; Kang et al., 2001).
[ "Park ", "Kang ", "Marston ", "Park ", "Kang " ]
241
38,557
0
false
These specific localization patterns of Bud2 and Bud5 seem to be important for proper bud-site selection, as mis-localization of these proteins caused by overexpression leads to random budding patterns.
[ "Park et al., 1999; Kang et al., 2001" ]
These specific localization patterns of Bud2 and Bud5 seem to be important for proper bud-site selection, as mis-localization of these proteins caused by overexpression leads to random budding patterns.
true
true
true
true
true
6,625
4
INTRODUCTION
1
Park
[ "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Rsr1 is distributed uniformly throughout the plasma membrane, but becomes highly concentrated at the division site and at the sites of polarized growth including the bud tips (Park et al., 2002).
[ "Park " ]
195
38,558
0
false
Rsr1 is distributed uniformly throughout the plasma membrane, but becomes highly concentrated at the division site and at the sites of polarized growth including the bud tips.
[ "Park et al., 2002" ]
Rsr1 is distributed uniformly throughout the plasma membrane, but becomes highly concentrated at the division site and at the sites of polarized growth including the bud tips.
true
true
true
true
true
6,626
4
INTRODUCTION
1
Park
[ "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Although this localization pattern of Rsr1 is consistent with its role in bud-site selection and polarity establishment, Rsr1 also becomes concentrated at a single site in randomly budding cells before bud emergence.
[ "Park " ]
216
38,559
0
false
Although this localization pattern of Rsr1 is consistent with its role in bud-site selection and polarity establishment, Rsr1 also becomes concentrated at a single site in randomly budding cells before bud emergence.
[]
Although this localization pattern of Rsr1 is consistent with its role in bud-site selection and polarity establishment, Rsr1 also becomes concentrated at a single site in randomly budding cells before bud emergence.
true
true
true
true
true
6,626
4
INTRODUCTION
1
Park
[ "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
It is thus not clear which of these sites of Rsr1 localization is related to its function in bud-site selection.
[ "Park " ]
112
38,560
0
false
It is thus not clear which of these sites of Rsr1 localization is related to its function in bud-site selection.
[]
It is thus not clear which of these sites of Rsr1 localization is related to its function in bud-site selection.
true
true
true
true
true
6,626
4
INTRODUCTION
1
Park
[ "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
It is also not fully understood about how Rsr1 polarization is established.
[ "Park " ]
75
38,561
0
false
It is also not fully understood about how Rsr1 polarization is established.
[]
It is also not fully understood about how Rsr1 polarization is established.
true
true
true
true
true
6,626
4
INTRODUCTION
1
Park
[ "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
These remaining questions led us to investigate further the localization and the action of Rsr1 during yeast budding.
[ "Park " ]
117
38,562
0
false
These remaining questions led us to investigate further the localization and the action of Rsr1 during yeast budding.
[]
These remaining questions led us to investigate further the localization and the action of Rsr1 during yeast budding.
true
true
true
true
true
6,626
4
INTRODUCTION
1
Park
[ "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Here we provide in vivo and in vitro evidence for Rsr1 dimerization.
[ "Park " ]
68
38,563
0
false
Here we provide in vivo and in vitro evidence for Rsr1 dimerization.
[]
Here we provide in vivo and in vitro evidence for Rsr1 dimerization.
true
true
true
true
true
6,626
4
INTRODUCTION
1
Park
[ "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Our data suggest that this homotypic interaction of Rsr1 is important for its polarization and its function.
[ "Park " ]
108
38,564
0
false
Our data suggest that this homotypic interaction of Rsr1 is important for its polarization and its function.
[]
Our data suggest that this homotypic interaction of Rsr1 is important for its polarization and its function.
true
true
true
true
true
6,626
4
INTRODUCTION
1
Park
[ "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Our findings thus support the idea that dimerization of GTPases is an efficient mechanism to achieve cell polarization.
[ "Park " ]
119
38,565
0
false
Our findings thus support the idea that dimerization of GTPases is an efficient mechanism to achieve cell polarization.
[]
Our findings thus support the idea that dimerization of GTPases is an efficient mechanism to achieve cell polarization.
true
true
true
true
true
6,626
0
DISCUSSION
1
Zhang and Zheng, 1998
[ "B42", "B18", "B41", "B3", "B29", "B33" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Several GTPases including Ras, Rho, and Arf form dimers and oligomers (Zhang and Zheng, 1998; Inouye et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2001; Beck et al., 2008), although the physiological significance of GTPase oligomerization is not fully understood.
[ "Zhang and Zheng, 1998", "Inouye ", "Zhang ", "Beck ", "Park ", "Richman " ]
245
38,566
0
false
Several GTPases including Ras, Rho, and Arf form dimers and oligomers, although the physiological significance of GTPase oligomerization is not fully understood.
[ "Zhang and Zheng, 1998; Inouye et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2001; Beck et al., 2008" ]
Several GTPases including Ras, Rho, and Arf form dimers and oligomers, although the physiological significance of GTPase oligomerization is not fully understood.
true
true
true
true
true
6,627
0
DISCUSSION
1
Zhang and Zheng, 1998
[ "B42", "B18", "B41", "B3", "B29", "B33" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
In this study, we found by in vitro and in vivo assays that Rsr1 forms a homodimer.
[ "Zhang and Zheng, 1998", "Inouye ", "Zhang ", "Beck ", "Park ", "Richman " ]
83
38,567
0
false
In this study, we found by in vitro and in vivo assays that Rsr1 forms a homodimer.
[]
In this study, we found by in vitro and in vivo assays that Rsr1 forms a homodimer.
true
true
true
true
true
6,627
0
DISCUSSION
1
Zhang and Zheng, 1998
[ "B42", "B18", "B41", "B3", "B29", "B33" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
This homotypic interaction of Rsr1 is unlikely to be a simple consequence of the enrichment of Rsr1, because it was not observed at other sites where Rsr1 became concentrated during polarized growth.
[ "Zhang and Zheng, 1998", "Inouye ", "Zhang ", "Beck ", "Park ", "Richman " ]
199
38,568
0
false
This homotypic interaction of Rsr1 is unlikely to be a simple consequence of the enrichment of Rsr1, because it was not observed at other sites where Rsr1 became concentrated during polarized growth.
[]
This homotypic interaction of Rsr1 is unlikely to be a simple consequence of the enrichment of Rsr1, because it was not observed at other sites where Rsr1 became concentrated during polarized growth.
true
true
true
true
true
6,627
0
DISCUSSION
1
Zhang and Zheng, 1998
[ "B42", "B18", "B41", "B3", "B29", "B33" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Despite similar localization patterns and clustering of Rsr1 and Cdc42 (Park et al., 2002; Richman et al., 2002), we also did not observe homodimerization of Cdc42 by both BiFC and gel filtration methods (this study; data not shown).
[ "Zhang and Zheng, 1998", "Inouye ", "Zhang ", "Beck ", "Park ", "Richman " ]
233
38,569
0
false
Despite similar localization patterns and clustering of Rsr1 and Cdc42, we also did not observe homodimerization of Cdc42 by both BiFC and gel filtration methods (this study; data not shown).
[ "Park et al., 2002; Richman et al., 2002" ]
Despite similar localization patterns and clustering of Rsr1 and Cdc42, we also did not observe homodimerization of Cdc42 by both BiFC and gel filtration methods.
true
true
true
true
true
6,627
1
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
The BiFC assays allowed the visualization of the homotypic interaction of Rsr1 and the heterotypic interaction of Rsr1 with Cdc42 in vivo.
[ "Park " ]
138
38,570
0
false
The BiFC assays allowed the visualization of the homotypic interaction of Rsr1 and the heterotypic interaction of Rsr1 with Cdc42 in vivo.
[]
The BiFC assays allowed the visualization of the homotypic interaction of Rsr1 and the heterotypic interaction of Rsr1 with Cdc42 in vivo.
true
true
true
true
true
6,628
1
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
The Rsr1–Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex was observed mainly at the cell division site.
[ "Park " ]
92
38,571
0
false
The Rsr1–Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex was observed mainly at the cell division site.
[]
The Rsr1–Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex was observed mainly at the cell division site.
true
true
true
true
true
6,628
1
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
These static images suggest that the homotypic interaction of Rsr1 is transient and reversible, unlike that of Rsr1K16N, which exhibits more persistent BiFC signal even after bud emergence.
[ "Park " ]
189
38,572
0
false
These static images suggest that the homotypic interaction of Rsr1 is transient and reversible, unlike that of Rsr1K16N, which exhibits more persistent BiFC signal even after bud emergence.
[]
These static images suggest that the homotypic interaction of Rsr1 is transient and reversible, unlike that of Rsr1K16N, which exhibits more persistent BiFC signal even after bud emergence.
true
true
true
true
true
6,628
1
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
An alternative possibility is that the Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex is unstable.
[ "Park " ]
88
38,573
0
false
An alternative possibility is that the Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex is unstable.
[]
An alternative possibility is that the Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex is unstable.
true
true
true
true
true
6,628
1
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
However, because the steady-state levels of Rsr1 and Rsr1K16N are about the same (Park et al., 1997; data not shown), protein stability cannot explain the difference between the bimolecular fluorescent complexes of Rsr1 and Rsr1K16N.
[ "Park " ]
233
38,574
0
false
However, because the steady-state levels of Rsr1 and Rsr1K16N are about the same, protein stability cannot explain the difference between the bimolecular fluorescent complexes of Rsr1 and Rsr1K16N.
[ "Park et al., 1997; data not shown" ]
However, because the steady-state levels of Rsr1 and Rsr1K16N are about the same, protein stability cannot explain the difference between the bimolecular fluorescent complexes of Rsr1 and Rsr1K16N.
true
true
true
true
true
6,628
1
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Instead, Rsr1K16N, which cannot be converted to the GTP-bound state, may remain continuously self-associated once the dimer is formed at the division site.
[ "Park " ]
155
38,575
0
false
Instead, Rsr1K16N, which cannot be converted to the GTP-bound state, may remain continuously self-associated once the dimer is formed at the division site.
[]
Instead, Rsr1K16N, which cannot be converted to the GTP-bound state, may remain continuously self-associated once the dimer is formed at the division site.
true
true
true
true
true
6,628
1
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Thus, despite the potential caveats of the BiFC approach (see below), our results suggest the transient nature of the Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex.
[ "Park " ]
155
38,576
0
false
Thus, despite the potential caveats of the BiFC approach (see below), our results suggest the transient nature of the Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex.
[]
Thus, despite the potential caveats of the BiFC approach, our results suggest the transient nature of the Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex.
true
true
true
true
true
6,628
2
DISCUSSION
1
Hu
[ "B17", "B21", "B36", "B7", "B15", "B12", "B38", "B26" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
A potential caveat of the BiFC approach is that formation of the bimolecular fluorescent complex might be irreversible as seen in vitro and under some in vivo conditions (Hu et al., 2002; Kerppola, 2008).
[ "Hu ", "Kerppola, 2008", "Schmidt ", "Blondel ", "Guo ", "Cole ", "Sung and Huh, 2007", "Park and Bi, 2007" ]
204
38,577
0
false
A potential caveat of the BiFC approach is that formation of the bimolecular fluorescent complex might be irreversible as seen in vitro and under some in vivo conditions.
[ "Hu et al., 2002; Kerppola, 2008" ]
A potential caveat of the BiFC approach is that formation of the bimolecular fluorescent complex might be irreversible as seen in vitro and under some in vivo conditions.
true
true
true
true
true
6,629
2
DISCUSSION
1
Hu
[ "B17", "B21", "B36", "B7", "B15", "B12", "B38", "B26" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
However, spatial and temporal formation of a bimolecular fluorescent complex has been observed in several other cases (Schmidt et al., 2003; Blondel et al., 2005; Guo et al., 2005; Cole et al., 2007; Sung and Huh, 2007), suggesting that the reversibility of a bimolecular fluorescent complex is dependent on the cellular...
[ "Hu ", "Kerppola, 2008", "Schmidt ", "Blondel ", "Guo ", "Cole ", "Sung and Huh, 2007", "Park and Bi, 2007" ]
361
38,578
0
false
However, spatial and temporal formation of a bimolecular fluorescent complex has been observed in several other cases, suggesting that the reversibility of a bimolecular fluorescent complex is dependent on the cellular context or the stability of the complex.
[ "Schmidt et al., 2003; Blondel et al., 2005; Guo et al., 2005; Cole et al., 2007; Sung and Huh, 2007" ]
However, spatial and temporal formation of a bimolecular fluorescent complex has been observed in several other cases, suggesting that the reversibility of a bimolecular fluorescent complex is dependent on the cellular context or the stability of the complex.
true
true
true
true
true
6,629
2
DISCUSSION
1
Hu
[ "B17", "B21", "B36", "B7", "B15", "B12", "B38", "B26" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
The BiFC signal of the Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex was mainly observed during late M and early G1 phases of the cell cycle in the cells, which coexpress YFPN-Rsr1 and YFPC-Rsr1 at the endogenous level.
[ "Hu ", "Kerppola, 2008", "Schmidt ", "Blondel ", "Guo ", "Cole ", "Sung and Huh, 2007", "Park and Bi, 2007" ]
210
38,579
0
false
The BiFC signal of the Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex was mainly observed during late M and early G1 phases of the cell cycle in the cells, which coexpress YFPN-Rsr1 and YFPC-Rsr1 at the endogenous level.
[]
The BiFC signal of the Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex was mainly observed during late M and early G1 phases of the cell cycle in the cells, which coexpress YFPN-Rsr1 and YFPC-Rsr1 at the endogenous level.
true
true
true
true
true
6,629
2
DISCUSSION
1
Park and Bi, 2007
[ "B17", "B21", "B36", "B7", "B15", "B12", "B38", "B26" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
This timing coincides with enrichment of Rsr1 and the localization of its GEF Bud5 and the cell type–specific landmarks including Bud3 and Bud4 to the mother-bud neck (Park and Bi, 2007).
[ "Hu ", "Kerppola, 2008", "Schmidt ", "Blondel ", "Guo ", "Cole ", "Sung and Huh, 2007", "Park and Bi, 2007" ]
187
38,580
1
false
This timing coincides with enrichment of Rsr1 and the localization of its GEF Bud5 and the cell type–specific landmarks including Bud3 and Bud4 to the mother-bud neck.
[ "Park and Bi, 2007" ]
This timing coincides with enrichment of Rsr1 and the localization of its GEF Bud5 and the cell type–specific landmarks including Bud3 and Bud4 to the mother-bud neck.
true
true
true
true
true
6,629
2
DISCUSSION
1
Hu
[ "B17", "B21", "B36", "B7", "B15", "B12", "B38", "B26" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
However, the exact timing of the homotypic interaction in the cell remains unknown because it is not known how fast fluorophore maturation occurs once YFPN-Rsr1 and YFPC-Rsr1 associate with each other.
[ "Hu ", "Kerppola, 2008", "Schmidt ", "Blondel ", "Guo ", "Cole ", "Sung and Huh, 2007", "Park and Bi, 2007" ]
201
38,581
0
false
However, the exact timing of the homotypic interaction in the cell remains unknown because it is not known how fast fluorophore maturation occurs once YFPN-Rsr1 and YFPC-Rsr1 associate with each other.
[]
However, the exact timing of the homotypic interaction in the cell remains unknown because it is not known how fast fluorophore maturation occurs once YFPN-Rsr1 and YFPC-Rsr1 associate with each other.
true
true
true
true
true
6,629
2
DISCUSSION
1
Hu
[ "B17", "B21", "B36", "B7", "B15", "B12", "B38", "B26" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
We thus cannot completely rule out the possibility that the homotypic interaction of Rsr1 occurs overall plasma membrane, but the bimolecular fluorescent complex may not be easily detectable until it becomes enriched at the division site.
[ "Hu ", "Kerppola, 2008", "Schmidt ", "Blondel ", "Guo ", "Cole ", "Sung and Huh, 2007", "Park and Bi, 2007" ]
238
38,582
0
false
We thus cannot completely rule out the possibility that the homotypic interaction of Rsr1 occurs overall plasma membrane, but the bimolecular fluorescent complex may not be easily detectable until it becomes enriched at the division site.
[]
We thus cannot completely rule out the possibility that the homotypic interaction of Rsr1 occurs overall plasma membrane, but the bimolecular fluorescent complex may not be easily detectable until it becomes enriched at the division site.
true
true
true
true
true
6,629
3
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B29", "B14" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Localization of both YFP-Rsr1 and the Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex to the division site are similarly dependent on Bud5, suggesting that Bud5 plays a critical role in recruiting Rsr1 to the division site.
[ "Park ", "Feig, 1999" ]
212
38,583
0
false
Localization of both YFP-Rsr1 and the Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex to the division site are similarly dependent on Bud5, suggesting that Bud5 plays a critical role in recruiting Rsr1 to the division site.
[]
Localization of both YFP-Rsr1 and the Rsr1 bimolecular fluorescent complex to the division site are similarly dependent on Bud5, suggesting that Bud5 plays a critical role in recruiting Rsr1 to the division site.
true
true
true
true
true
6,630
3
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B29", "B14" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
This conclusion is supported by the analyses of the dominant RSR1 mutants that are expected to encode the Rsr1 mutant protein locked in either the GTP- or GDP-bound state.
[ "Park ", "Feig, 1999" ]
171
38,584
0
false
This conclusion is supported by the analyses of the dominant RSR1 mutants that are expected to encode the Rsr1 mutant protein locked in either the GTP- or GDP-bound state.
[]
This conclusion is supported by the analyses of the dominant RSR1 mutants that are expected to encode the Rsr1 mutant protein locked in either the GTP- or GDP-bound state.
true
true
true
true
true
6,630
3
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B29", "B14" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
A much higher percentage of cells showed the BiFC signal at the division sites when Rsr1K16N was expressed, whereas cells expressing Rsr1G12V failed to show such homotypic interaction.
[ "Park ", "Feig, 1999" ]
184
38,585
0
false
A much higher percentage of cells showed the BiFC signal at the division sites when Rsr1K16N was expressed, whereas cells expressing Rsr1G12V failed to show such homotypic interaction.
[]
A much higher percentage of cells showed the BiFC signal at the division sites when Rsr1K16N was expressed, whereas cells expressing Rsr1G12V failed to show such homotypic interaction.
true
true
true
true
true
6,630
3
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B29", "B14" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Consistent with these results, we previously found that YFP-Rsr1 and YFP-Rsr1K16N localized to the division site in newly born G1 cells, whereas YFP-Rsr1G12V did not show such discrete enrichment at the division site (Park et al., 2002).
[ "Park ", "Feig, 1999" ]
237
38,586
0
false
Consistent with these results, we previously found that YFP-Rsr1 and YFP-Rsr1K16N localized to the division site in newly born G1 cells, whereas YFP-Rsr1G12V did not show such discrete enrichment at the division site.
[ "Park et al., 2002" ]
Consistent with these results, we previously found that YFP-Rsr1 and YFP-Rsr1K16N localized to the division site in newly born G1 cells, whereas YFP-Rsr1G12V did not show such discrete enrichment at the division site.
true
true
true
true
true
6,630
3
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B29", "B14" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Interestingly, the BiFC signal was largely lacking when Rsr1 (and Rsr1K16N) was examined in bud5Δ cells (in which Rsr1 is expected to be mostly in the GDP-bound state because of the lack of its GEF Bud5).
[ "Park ", "Feig, 1999" ]
204
38,587
0
false
Interestingly, the BiFC signal was largely lacking when Rsr1 (and Rsr1K16N) was examined in bud5Δ cells (in which Rsr1 is expected to be mostly in the GDP-bound state because of the lack of its GEF Bud5).
[]
Interestingly, the BiFC signal was largely lacking when Rsr1 was examined in bud5Δ cells.
true
true
true
true
true
6,630
3
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B29", "B14" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
These apparently counterintuitive observations can be explained by the physical requirement of Bud5, rather than its GEF activity, for the recruitment of Rsr1 to the division site.
[ "Park ", "Feig, 1999" ]
180
38,588
0
false
These apparently counterintuitive observations can be explained by the physical requirement of Bud5, rather than its GEF activity, for the recruitment of Rsr1 to the division site.
[]
These apparently counterintuitive observations can be explained by the physical requirement of Bud5, rather than its GEF activity, for the recruitment of Rsr1 to the division site.
true
true
true
true
true
6,630
3
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B29", "B14" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Rsr1K16N is expected to strongly interact with Bud5, whereas Rsr1G12V does not.
[ "Park ", "Feig, 1999" ]
79
38,589
0
false
Rsr1K16N is expected to strongly interact with Bud5, whereas Rsr1G12V does not.
[]
Rsr1K16N is expected to strongly interact with Bud5, whereas Rsr1G12V does not.
true
true
true
true
true
6,630
3
DISCUSSION
1
Feig, 1999
[ "B29", "B14" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Similarly, it is thought that the dominant-inhibitory Ras mutants bind more tightly to Ras GEFs than does the wild-type Ras and thus prevent activation of endogenous Ras (Feig, 1999).
[ "Park ", "Feig, 1999" ]
183
38,590
1
false
Similarly, it is thought that the dominant-inhibitory Ras mutants bind more tightly to Ras GEFs than does the wild-type Ras and thus prevent activation of endogenous Ras.
[ "Feig, 1999" ]
Similarly, it is thought that the dominant-inhibitory Ras mutants bind more tightly to Ras GEFs than does the wild-type Ras and thus prevent activation of endogenous Ras.
true
true
true
true
true
6,630
4
DISCUSSION
1
Kang
[ "B19", "B25", "B19", "B24", "B35", "B22", "B35", "B28", "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Consistent with its role in recruitment of Rsr1 to the mother-bud neck and the division site, Bud5 localizes to these sites (Kang et al., 2001; Marston et al., 2001) by interacting with cell type–specific landmarks such as Axl2 and Bud9 (Kang et al., 2001; Krappmann et al., 2007).
[ "Kang ", "Marston ", "Kang ", "Krappmann ", "Ruggieri ", "Kozminski ", "Ruggieri ", "Park ", "Park " ]
281
38,591
0
false
Consistent with its role in recruitment of Rsr1 to the mother-bud neck and the division site, Bud5 localizes to these sites by interacting with cell type–specific landmarks such as Axl2 and Bud9.
[ "Kang et al., 2001; Marston et al., 2001", "Kang et al., 2001; Krappmann et al., 2007" ]
Consistent with its role in recruitment of Rsr1 to the mother-bud neck and the division site, Bud5 localizes to these sites by interacting with cell type–specific landmarks such as Axl2 and Bud9.
true
true
true
true
true
6,631
4
DISCUSSION
1
Kang
[ "B19", "B25", "B19", "B24", "B35", "B22", "B35", "B28", "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
It remains unknown, however, whether Bud5 functions only in the initial recruitment of Rsr1 or whether Bud5 is also directly involved in Rsr1 dimerization.
[ "Kang ", "Marston ", "Kang ", "Krappmann ", "Ruggieri ", "Kozminski ", "Ruggieri ", "Park ", "Park " ]
155
38,592
0
false
It remains unknown, however, whether Bud5 functions only in the initial recruitment of Rsr1 or whether Bud5 is also directly involved in Rsr1 dimerization.
[]
It remains unknown, however, whether Bud5 functions only in the initial recruitment of Rsr1 or whether Bud5 is also directly involved in Rsr1 dimerization.
true
true
true
true
true
6,631
4
DISCUSSION
1
Kang
[ "B19", "B25", "B19", "B24", "B35", "B22", "B35", "B28", "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Although the Bud5 GEF activity is not necessary for the homotypic interaction for Rsr1, it is essential for a subsequent step in bud-site selection.
[ "Kang ", "Marston ", "Kang ", "Krappmann ", "Ruggieri ", "Kozminski ", "Ruggieri ", "Park ", "Park " ]
148
38,593
0
false
Although the Bud5 GEF activity is not necessary for the homotypic interaction for Rsr1, it is essential for a subsequent step in bud-site selection.
[]
Although the Bud5 GEF activity is not necessary for the homotypic interaction for Rsr1, it is essential for a subsequent step in bud-site selection.
true
true
true
true
true
6,631
4
DISCUSSION
1
Kang
[ "B19", "B25", "B19", "B24", "B35", "B22", "B35", "B28", "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
Despite efficient dimerization of Rsr1K16N, expression of Rsr1K16N (and Rsr1G12V) cannot rescue the bud-site selection defect of an rsr1Δ mutant (Ruggieri et al., 1992) nor suppress the polarity defect of cdc42-118, unlike the wild-type RSR1 (Kozminski et al., 2003).
[ "Kang ", "Marston ", "Kang ", "Krappmann ", "Ruggieri ", "Kozminski ", "Ruggieri ", "Park ", "Park " ]
267
38,594
0
false
Despite efficient dimerization of Rsr1K16N, expression of Rsr1K16N (and Rsr1G12V) cannot rescue the bud-site selection defect of an rsr1Δ mutant nor suppress the polarity defect of cdc42-118, unlike the wild-type RSR1.
[ "Ruggieri et al., 1992", "Kozminski et al., 2003" ]
Despite efficient dimerization of Rsr1K16N, expression of Rsr1K16N cannot rescue the bud-site selection defect of an rsr1Δ mutant nor suppress the polarity defect of cdc42-118, unlike the wild-type RSR1.
true
true
true
true
true
6,631
4
DISCUSSION
1
Kang
[ "B19", "B25", "B19", "B24", "B35", "B22", "B35", "B28", "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
It is thus likely that transient, reversible homotypic interaction of Rsr1 is critical for its function.
[ "Kang ", "Marston ", "Kang ", "Krappmann ", "Ruggieri ", "Kozminski ", "Ruggieri ", "Park ", "Park " ]
104
38,595
0
false
It is thus likely that transient, reversible homotypic interaction of Rsr1 is critical for its function.
[]
It is thus likely that transient, reversible homotypic interaction of Rsr1 is critical for its function.
true
true
true
true
true
6,631
4
DISCUSSION
1
Kang
[ "B19", "B25", "B19", "B24", "B35", "B22", "B35", "B28", "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA
The GEF-dependent recruitment and homotypic interaction of Rsr1 suggest that Rsr1 needs to maintain the ability to pass through its GDP-bound state to carry out its role, consistent with previous findings (Ruggieri et al., 1992; Park et al., 1993; Park et al., 1997).
[ "Kang ", "Marston ", "Kang ", "Krappmann ", "Ruggieri ", "Kozminski ", "Ruggieri ", "Park ", "Park " ]
267
38,596
0
false
The GEF-dependent recruitment and homotypic interaction of Rsr1 suggest that Rsr1 needs to maintain the ability to pass through its GDP-bound state to carry out its role, consistent with previous findings.
[ "Ruggieri et al., 1992; Park et al., 1993; Park et al., 1997" ]
The GEF-dependent recruitment and homotypic interaction of Rsr1 suggest that Rsr1 needs to maintain the ability to pass through its GDP-bound state to carry out its role, consistent with previous findings.
true
true
true
true
true
6,631
5
DISCUSSION
1
Zheng
[ "B43", "B27", "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA
Although Rsr1G12V exhibited little homotypic interaction in vivo as discussed above, in vitro studies revealed the nucleotide-independent self-association of Rsr1 (see Figures 4, A and B, and 5B).
[ "Zheng ", "Park ", "Park " ]
196
38,597
0
false
Although Rsr1G12V exhibited little homotypic interaction in vivo as discussed above, in vitro studies revealed the nucleotide-independent self-association of Rsr1 (see Figures 4, A and B, and 5B).
[]
Although Rsr1G12V exhibited little homotypic interaction in vivo as discussed above, in vitro studies revealed the nucleotide-independent self-association of Rsr1.
true
true
true
true
true
6,632
5
DISCUSSION
1
Zheng
[ "B43", "B27", "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA
This apparently contradictory observation is likely due to the in vitro conditions in which Rsr1 was the only protein present, and it was also at a relatively higher concentration than in vivo.
[ "Zheng ", "Park ", "Park " ]
193
38,598
0
false
This apparently contradictory observation is likely due to the in vitro conditions in which Rsr1 was the only protein present, and it was also at a relatively higher concentration than in vivo.
[]
This apparently contradictory observation is likely due to the in vitro conditions in which Rsr1 was the only protein present, and it was also at a relatively higher concentration than in vivo.
true
true
true
true
true
6,632
5
DISCUSSION
1
Zheng
[ "B43", "B27", "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA
It appears that the Rsr1 homotypic interaction is different from those between a GTPase and its typical downstream effectors such as Cdc24, which specifically interacts with Rsr1-GTP (Zheng et al., 1995; Park et al., 1997).
[ "Zheng ", "Park ", "Park " ]
223
38,599
0
false
It appears that the Rsr1 homotypic interaction is different from those between a GTPase and its typical downstream effectors such as Cdc24, which specifically interacts with Rsr1-GTP.
[ "Zheng et al., 1995; Park et al., 1997" ]
It appears that the Rsr1 homotypic interaction is different from those between a GTPase and its typical downstream effectors such as Cdc24, which specifically interacts with Rsr1-GTP.
true
true
true
true
true
6,632
5
DISCUSSION
1
Zheng
[ "B43", "B27", "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA
These observations suggest that the Rsr1 homotypic interaction is unlikely to involve the region of Rsr1 that undergoes drastic conformational change upon its conversion to the GTP-bound state.
[ "Zheng ", "Park ", "Park " ]
193
38,600
0
false
These observations suggest that the Rsr1 homotypic interaction is unlikely to involve the region of Rsr1 that undergoes drastic conformational change upon its conversion to the GTP-bound state.
[]
These observations suggest that the Rsr1 homotypic interaction is unlikely to involve the region of Rsr1 that undergoes drastic conformational change upon its conversion to the GTP-bound state.
true
true
true
true
true
6,632
5
DISCUSSION
1
Zheng
[ "B43", "B27", "B27" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA
Consistent with this idea, we found that the PBR of Rsr1 is important for its homotypic and heterotypic interactions (this study), whereas the Ras-like effector domain of Rsr1 is involved in interaction with Cdc24 (Park et al., 1997).
[ "Zheng ", "Park ", "Park " ]
234
38,601
0
false
Consistent with this idea, we found that the PBR of Rsr1 is important for its homotypic and heterotypic interactions (this study), whereas the Ras-like effector domain of Rsr1 is involved in interaction with Cdc24.
[ "Park et al., 1997" ]
Consistent with this idea, we found that the PBR of Rsr1 is important for its homotypic and heterotypic interactions, whereas the Ras-like effector domain of Rsr1 is involved in interaction with Cdc24.
true
true
true
true
true
6,632
6
DISCUSSION
1
Yoshida
[ "B40", "B40" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA
The PBR of GTPases has been shown to be involved in interaction with acidic phospholipids of the plasma membrane, as in the case of the Rho1 GTPase in budding yeast (Yoshida et al., 2009).
[ "Yoshida ", "Yoshida " ]
188
38,602
0
false
The PBR of GTPases has been shown to be involved in interaction with acidic phospholipids of the plasma membrane, as in the case of the Rho1 GTPase in budding yeast.
[ "Yoshida et al., 2009" ]
The PBR of GTPases has been shown to be involved in interaction with acidic phospholipids of the plasma membrane, as in the case of the Rho1 GTPase in budding yeast.
true
true
true
true
true
6,633
6
DISCUSSION
1
Yoshida
[ "B40", "B40" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA
Rho1 is targeted to the division site by two different mechanisms—a GEF-dependent mechanism operating during anaphase and another PBR-dependent mechanism during cell separation and abscission (Yoshida et al., 2009).
[ "Yoshida ", "Yoshida " ]
215
38,603
0
false
Rho1 is targeted to the division site by two different mechanisms—a GEF-dependent mechanism operating during anaphase and another PBR-dependent mechanism during cell separation and abscission.
[ "Yoshida et al., 2009" ]
Rho1 is targeted to the division site by two different mechanisms—a GEF-dependent mechanism operating during anaphase and another PBR-dependent mechanism during cell separation and abscission.
true
true
true
true
true
6,633
6
DISCUSSION
1
Yoshida
[ "B40", "B40" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA
In the case of Rsr1, its recruitment to the division site occurs after anaphase and requires both its GEF Bud5 and its PBR (this study).
[ "Yoshida ", "Yoshida " ]
136
38,604
0
false
In the case of Rsr1, its recruitment to the division site occurs after anaphase and requires both its GEF Bud5 and its PBR (this study).
[]
In the case of Rsr1, its recruitment to the division site occurs after anaphase and requires both its GEF Bud5 and its PBR.
true
true
true
true
true
6,633
6
DISCUSSION
1
Yoshida
[ "B40", "B40" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA
Because recombinant Rsr1 purified from bacteria could form dimers in vitro, its geranylgeranylation at the C terminus and its membrane association is not essential for the homotypic interaction, although these factors may contribute to these interactions in vivo to minor extent.
[ "Yoshida ", "Yoshida " ]
279
38,605
0
false
Because recombinant Rsr1 purified from bacteria could form dimers in vitro, its geranylgeranylation at the C terminus and its membrane association is not essential for the homotypic interaction, although these factors may contribute to these interactions in vivo to minor extent.
[]
Because recombinant Rsr1 purified from bacteria could form dimers in vitro, its geranylgeranylation at the C terminus and its membrane association is not essential for the homotypic interaction, although these factors may contribute to these interactions in vivo to minor extent.
true
true
true
true
true
6,633
7
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B29", "B22", "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA
The phenotypes of the rsr1 PBR mutants suggest that the intact PBR is necessary for bud-site selection and polarity establishment.
[ "Park ", "Kozminski ", "Park " ]
130
38,606
0
false
The phenotypes of the rsr1 PBR mutants suggest that the intact PBR is necessary for bud-site selection and polarity establishment.
[]
The phenotypes of the rsr1 PBR mutants suggest that the intact PBR is necessary for bud-site selection and polarity establishment.
true
true
true
true
true
6,634
7
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B29", "B22", "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA
The rsr1-7KS mutant, which was defective in the formation of bimolecular fluorescent complexes with itself and with Cdc42, exhibited defects in both bud-site selection and polarity establishment (Park et al., 2002; Kozminski et al., 2003; this study).
[ "Park ", "Kozminski ", "Park " ]
251
38,607
0
false
The rsr1-7KS mutant, which was defective in the formation of bimolecular fluorescent complexes with itself and with Cdc42, exhibited defects in both bud-site selection and polarity establishment.
[ "Park et al., 2002; Kozminski et al., 2003; this study" ]
The rsr1-7KS mutant, which was defective in the formation of bimolecular fluorescent complexes with itself and with Cdc42, exhibited defects in both bud-site selection and polarity establishment.
true
true
true
true
true
6,634
7
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B29", "B22", "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA
We thus suggest that the Rsr1 PBR is involved in both GTPase interactions, although the interface residues in the Rsr1 homodimer or Rsr1-Cdc42 heterodimer remain unknown.
[ "Park ", "Kozminski ", "Park " ]
170
38,608
0
false
We thus suggest that the Rsr1 PBR is involved in both GTPase interactions, although the interface residues in the Rsr1 homodimer or Rsr1-Cdc42 heterodimer remain unknown.
[]
We thus suggest that the Rsr1 PBR is involved in both GTPase interactions, although the interface residues in the Rsr1 homodimer or Rsr1-Cdc42 heterodimer remain unknown.
true
true
true
true
true
6,634
7
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B29", "B22", "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA
However, GFP-Rsr1KS also showed reduced membrane association (Park et al., 2002).
[ "Park ", "Kozminski ", "Park " ]
81
38,609
0
false
However, GFP-Rsr1KS also showed reduced membrane association.
[ "Park et al., 2002" ]
However, GFP-Rsr1KS also showed reduced membrane association.
true
true
true
true
true
6,634
7
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B29", "B22", "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA
Further studies are thus necessary to clearly resolve the issue of whether the defect in bud-site selection or in polarity establishment is due to the reduced association of Rsr1KS with itself, Cdc42 or membrane, although these may not be separable functions of Rsr1.
[ "Park ", "Kozminski ", "Park " ]
267
38,610
0
false
Further studies are thus necessary to clearly resolve the issue of whether the defect in bud-site selection or in polarity establishment is due to the reduced association of Rsr1KS with itself, Cdc42 or membrane, although these may not be separable functions of Rsr1.
[]
Further studies are thus necessary to clearly resolve the issue of whether the defect in bud-site selection or in polarity establishment is due to the reduced association of Rsr1KS with itself, Cdc42 or membrane, although these may not be separable functions of Rsr1.
true
true
true
true
true
6,634
7
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B29", "B22", "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA
Interestingly, genetic data suggest that Rsr1KS maintains its interaction with Cdc24 or Bud5.
[ "Park ", "Kozminski ", "Park " ]
93
38,611
0
false
Interestingly, genetic data suggest that Rsr1KS maintains its interaction with Cdc24 or Bud5.
[]
Interestingly, genetic data suggest that Rsr1KS maintains its interaction with Cdc24 or Bud5.
true
true
true
true
true
6,634
7
DISCUSSION
1
Park
[ "B29", "B22", "B29" ]
20,587,777
NA|NA|NA
The role of Rsr1 in polarity establishment is thus likely to be specific to the step at which Cdc42 or the Cdc42 targets Gic1/Gic2 function.
[ "Park ", "Kozminski ", "Park " ]
140
38,612
0
false
The role of Rsr1 in polarity establishment is thus likely to be specific to the step at which Cdc42 or the Cdc42 targets Gic1/Gic2 function.
[]
The role of Rsr1 in polarity establishment is thus likely to be specific to the step at which Cdc42 or the Cdc42 targets Gic1/Gic2 function.
true
true
true
true
true
6,634
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,587,777
null
This study uncovers the GEF-dependent recruitment of Rsr1 to the division site and the homotypic and heterotypic interactions of Rsr1 during yeast budding.
null
155
38,613
0
false
null
null
This study uncovers the GEF-dependent recruitment of Rsr1 to the division site and the homotypic and heterotypic interactions of Rsr1 during yeast budding.
true
true
true
true
true
6,635
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,587,777
null
The homotypic interaction of Rsr1 and subsequent heterotypic interaction of Rsr1 with Cdc42 may contribute to efficient polarization of Rsr1 and Cdc42.
null
151
38,614
0
false
null
null
The homotypic interaction of Rsr1 and subsequent heterotypic interaction of Rsr1 with Cdc42 may contribute to efficient polarization of Rsr1 and Cdc42.
true
true
true
true
true
6,635
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,587,777
null
In response to a spatial landmark, Bud5 may recruit Rsr1 monomers to a single spot on the plasma membrane and may promote Rsr1 dimerization.
null
140
38,615
0
false
null
null
In response to a spatial landmark, Bud5 may recruit Rsr1 monomers to a single spot on the plasma membrane and may promote Rsr1 dimerization.
true
true
true
true
true
6,635