Datasets:
vgainullin
/
xciting_data

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
1
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int64
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int64
cites
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1
INTRODUCTION
1
8)
[ "B8", "B1", "B3" ]
17,616,025
NA|pmid-9323154|NA|NA|NA
A review of the English language literature revealed 31 reported cases of tracheal granular cell tumors, with only four reported in children8).
[ "8)", "1", "3)" ]
143
38,416
0
false
A review of the English language literature revealed 31 reported cases of tracheal granular cell tumors, with only four reported in children8).
[]
A review of the English language literature revealed 31 reported cases of tracheal granular cell tumors, with only four reported in children8).
true
true
true
true
true
6,592
1
INTRODUCTION
1
8)
[ "B8", "B1", "B3" ]
17,616,025
NA|pmid-9323154|NA|NA|NA
A review of the Korean ENT literature revealed several cases of laryngeal GCTs and one case of malignant GCT in the retrotracheal space1-3).
[ "8)", "1", "3)" ]
140
38,417
0
false
A review of the Korean ENT literature revealed several cases of laryngeal GCTs and one case of malignant GCT in the retrotracheal space1-3).
[]
A review of the Korean ENT literature revealed several cases of laryngeal GCTs and one case of malignant GCT in the retrotracheal space1-3).
true
true
true
true
true
6,592
1
INTRODUCTION
1
8)
[ "B8", "B1", "B3" ]
17,616,025
NA|pmid-9323154|NA|NA|NA
There are no reports of tracheal GCT in the Korean literature
[ "8)", "1", "3)" ]
61
38,418
0
false
There are no reports of tracheal GCT in the Korean literature
[]
There are no reports of tracheal GCT in the Korean literature
true
true
false
true
false
6,592
2
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
Here, we report a case of a 20.year.old man with tracheal GCT and discuss the diagnosis and management of this rare tumor.
null
122
38,419
0
false
null
null
Here, we report a case of a 20.year.old man with tracheal GCT and discuss the diagnosis and management of this rare tumor.
true
true
true
true
true
6,593
0
DISCUSSION
1
5)
[ "B5", "B4", "B4" ]
17,616,025
NA|NA|NA
Granular cell tumors, first reported by Abrikossoff in 1926, were initially called myoblastomas, suggesting a myogenic origin5).
[ "5)", "4)", "4)" ]
128
38,420
0
false
Granular cell tumors, first reported by Abrikossoff in 1926, were initially called myoblastomas, suggesting a myogenic origin5).
[]
Granular cell tumors, first reported by Abrikossoff in 1926, were initially called myoblastomas, suggesting a myogenic origin5).
true
true
true
true
true
6,594
0
DISCUSSION
1
5)
[ "B5", "B4", "B4" ]
17,616,025
NA|NA|NA
The histogenesis of this neoplasm remains controversial4).
[ "5)", "4)", "4)" ]
58
38,421
0
false
The histogenesis of this neoplasm remains controversial4).
[]
The histogenesis of this neoplasm remains controversial4).
true
true
true
true
true
6,594
0
DISCUSSION
1
5)
[ "B5", "B4", "B4" ]
17,616,025
NA|NA|NA
Currently, most pathologists believe that the cell of origin is the Schwann cell and refer to this lesion as a granular cell tumor4).
[ "5)", "4)", "4)" ]
133
38,422
0
false
Currently, most pathologists believe that the cell of origin is the Schwann cell and refer to this lesion as a granular cell tumor4).
[]
Currently, most pathologists believe that the cell of origin is the Schwann cell and refer to this lesion as a granular cell tumor4).
true
true
true
true
true
6,594
1
DISCUSSION
1
5)
[ "B5", "B5" ]
17,616,025
NA|pmid-9323154|NA|NA|NA
Ninety-eight percent of granular cell tumors are benign, and only 1 to 2% of all GCTs are malignant5).
[ "5)", "5)" ]
102
38,423
0
false
Ninety-eight percent of granular cell tumors are benign, and only 1 to 2% of all GCTs are malignant5).
[]
Ninety-eight percent of granular cell tumors are benign, and only 1 to 2% of all GCTs are malignant5).
true
true
true
true
true
6,595
1
DISCUSSION
1
5)
[ "B5", "B5" ]
17,616,025
NA|pmid-9323154|NA|NA|NA
Although only 30 malignant lesions have been reported worldwide in the medical literature, none of these malignant lesions has been reported for the pediatric age group or in the trachea5).
[ "5)", "5)" ]
189
38,424
0
false
Although only 30 malignant lesions have been reported worldwide in the medical literature, none of these malignant lesions has been reported for the pediatric age group or in the trachea5).
[]
Although only 30 malignant lesions have been reported worldwide in the medical literature, none of these malignant lesions has been reported for the pediatric age group or in the trachea5).
true
true
true
true
true
6,595
2
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
More than 50% of granular cell lesions occur in the head and neck region, most commonly in the tongue.
null
102
38,425
0
false
null
null
More than 50% of granular cell lesions occur in the head and neck region, most commonly in the tongue.
true
true
true
true
true
6,596
2
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
The reported rate of laryngeal GCTs is 10%.
null
43
38,426
0
false
null
null
The reported rate of laryngeal GCTs is 10%.
true
true
true
true
true
6,596
2
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
The larynx and bronchi are involved more often than the trachea.
null
64
38,427
0
false
null
null
The larynx and bronchi are involved more often than the trachea.
true
true
true
true
true
6,596
2
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
Other head and neck sites for GCTs include the central nervous system and cranial nerves, skin and subcutaneous tissues, middle and external ear, parotid glands, pharynx, palate, floor of the mouth, esophagus, and tonsils.
null
222
38,428
0
false
null
null
Other head and neck sites for GCTs include the central nervous system and cranial nerves, skin and subcutaneous tissues, middle and external ear, parotid glands, pharynx, palate, floor of the mouth, esophagus, and tonsils.
true
true
true
true
true
6,596
2
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
About 10% of patients may have multiple GCTs at different anatomic sites.
null
73
38,429
0
false
null
null
About 10% of patients may have multiple GCTs at different anatomic sites.
true
true
true
true
true
6,596
3
DISCUSSION
1
6)
[ "B6" ]
17,616,025
NA
A patient may remain completely asymptomatic with even 50 to 75% obstruction of the tracheal lumen.
[ "6)" ]
99
38,430
0
false
A patient may remain completely asymptomatic with even 50 to 75% obstruction of the tracheal lumen.
[]
A patient may remain completely asymptomatic with even 50 to 75% obstruction of the tracheal lumen.
true
true
true
true
true
6,597
3
DISCUSSION
1
6)
[ "B6" ]
17,616,025
NA
The average time from the onset of symptoms to patient presentation is 7 months.
[ "6)" ]
80
38,431
0
false
The average time from the onset of symptoms to patient presentation is 7 months.
[]
The average time from the onset of symptoms to patient presentation is 7 months.
true
true
true
true
true
6,597
3
DISCUSSION
1
6)
[ "B6" ]
17,616,025
NA
There is a history of progressive dyspnea unresponsive to bronchodilator and steroid therapy.
[ "6)" ]
93
38,432
0
false
There is a history of progressive dyspnea unresponsive to bronchodilator and steroid therapy.
[]
There is a history of progressive dyspnea unresponsive to bronchodilator and steroid therapy.
true
true
true
true
true
6,597
3
DISCUSSION
1
6)
[ "B6" ]
17,616,025
NA
Symptoms of wheezing, especially with exertion, are typically attributed to asthma and chronic bronchitis.
[ "6)" ]
106
38,433
0
false
Symptoms of wheezing, especially with exertion, are typically attributed to asthma and chronic bronchitis.
[]
Symptoms of wheezing, especially with exertion, are typically attributed to asthma and chronic bronchitis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,597
3
DISCUSSION
1
6)
[ "B6" ]
17,616,025
NA
There may be cough, hemoptysis, and a globus sensation, while pain is unusual6).
[ "6)" ]
80
38,434
0
false
There may be cough, hemoptysis, and a globus sensation, while pain is unusual6).
[]
There may be cough, hemoptysis, and a globus sensation, while pain is unusual6).
true
true
true
true
true
6,597
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
There are several ways to approach the initial management of tracheal tumors.
null
77
38,435
0
false
null
null
There are several ways to approach the initial management of tracheal tumors.
true
true
true
true
true
6,598
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
Laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy can be performed to establish a safe airway, and to assess the extent of the lesion and perform a biopsy.
null
135
38,436
0
false
null
null
Laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy can be performed to establish a safe airway, and to assess the extent of the lesion and perform a biopsy.
true
true
true
true
true
6,598
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
Bronchoscopy allows examination of the tracheobronchial tree for other lesions.
null
79
38,437
0
false
null
null
Bronchoscopy allows examination of the tracheobronchial tree for other lesions.
true
true
true
true
true
6,598
5
DISCUSSION
1
9)
[ "B9", "B7" ]
17,616,025
pmid-15239036|NA
A diagnosis can usually be made with hematoxylin-eosin staining, but immunohistochemistry with an S-100 protein stain and neuron.specific enolase are also helpful9).
[ "9)", "7)" ]
165
38,438
0
false
A diagnosis can usually be made with hematoxylin-eosin staining, but immunohistochemistry with an S-100 protein stain and neuron.specific enolase are also helpful9).
[]
A diagnosis can usually be made with hematoxylin-eosin staining, but immunohistochemistry with an S-100 protein stain and neuron.specific enolase are also helpful9).
true
true
true
true
true
6,599
5
DISCUSSION
1
9)
[ "B9", "B7" ]
17,616,025
pmid-15239036|NA
Histologically, the cells are monomorphic, often polygonal, with a granular cytoplasm.
[ "9)", "7)" ]
86
38,439
0
false
Histologically, the cells are monomorphic, often polygonal, with a granular cytoplasm.
[]
Histologically, the cells are monomorphic, often polygonal, with a granular cytoplasm.
true
true
true
true
true
6,599
5
DISCUSSION
1
9)
[ "B9", "B7" ]
17,616,025
pmid-15239036|NA
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the overlying epithelium can be confused with squamous cell carcinoma7).
[ "9)", "7)" ]
109
38,440
0
false
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the overlying epithelium can be confused with squamous cell carcinoma7).
[]
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the overlying epithelium can be confused with squamous cell carcinoma7).
true
true
true
true
true
6,599
6
DISCUSSION
1
4)
[ "B4", "B4" ]
17,616,025
NA|NA
An understanding of the differential diagnosis of subglottic and tracheal masses is important.
[ "4)", "4)" ]
94
38,441
0
false
An understanding of the differential diagnosis of subglottic and tracheal masses is important.
[]
An understanding of the differential diagnosis of subglottic and tracheal masses is important.
true
true
true
true
true
6,600
6
DISCUSSION
1
4)
[ "B4", "B4" ]
17,616,025
NA|NA
Benign tracheal neoplasms may include a benign fibrous histiocytoma, papilloma, neurofibroma, pleomorphic adenoma, hemangioendothelioma, neurilemmoma, and benign chondrogenic tumors4).
[ "4)", "4)" ]
184
38,442
0
false
Benign tracheal neoplasms may include a benign fibrous histiocytoma, papilloma, neurofibroma, pleomorphic adenoma, hemangioendothelioma, neurilemmoma, and benign chondrogenic tumors4).
[]
Benign tracheal neoplasms may include a benign fibrous histiocytoma, papilloma, neurofibroma, pleomorphic adenoma, hemangioendothelioma, neurilemmoma, and benign chondrogenic tumors4).
true
true
true
true
true
6,600
6
DISCUSSION
1
4)
[ "B4", "B4" ]
17,616,025
NA|NA
The differential diagnosis of malignant tracheal neoplasms includes a malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant chondrogenic neoplasia, carcinoid, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma4).
[ "4)", "4)" ]
235
38,443
0
false
The differential diagnosis of malignant tracheal neoplasms includes a malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant chondrogenic neoplasia, carcinoid, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma4).
[]
The differential diagnosis of malignant tracheal neoplasms includes a malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant chondrogenic neoplasia, carcinoid, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma4).
true
true
true
true
true
6,600
6
DISCUSSION
1
4)
[ "B4", "B4" ]
17,616,025
NA|NA
Neoplasms arising from the mediastinum, including esophageal tumors that erode the tracheal wall, should also be considered.
[ "4)", "4)" ]
124
38,444
0
false
Neoplasms arising from the mediastinum, including esophageal tumors that erode the tracheal wall, should also be considered.
[]
Neoplasms arising from the mediastinum, including esophageal tumors that erode the tracheal wall, should also be considered.
true
true
true
true
true
6,600
7
DISCUSSION
1
5)
[ "B5" ]
17,616,025
NA
The treatment of a GCT is complete surgical excision.
[ "5)" ]
53
38,445
0
false
The treatment of a GCT is complete surgical excision.
[]
The treatment of a GCT is complete surgical excision.
true
true
true
true
true
6,601
7
DISCUSSION
1
5)
[ "B5" ]
17,616,025
NA
Neither radiation therapy nor chemotherapy has any role in the management of tracheal granular cell tumors.
[ "5)" ]
107
38,446
0
false
Neither radiation therapy nor chemotherapy has any role in the management of tracheal granular cell tumors.
[]
Neither radiation therapy nor chemotherapy has any role in the management of tracheal granular cell tumors.
true
true
true
true
true
6,601
7
DISCUSSION
1
5)
[ "B5" ]
17,616,025
NA
Bronchoscopic excision may be adequate for tumors less than 1 cm in diameter, whereas wide excision with tracheal resection is reserved for tumors with diameters greater than 1 cm.
[ "5)" ]
180
38,447
0
false
Bronchoscopic excision may be adequate for tumors less than 1 cm in diameter, whereas wide excision with tracheal resection is reserved for tumors with diameters greater than 1 cm.
[]
Bronchoscopic excision may be adequate for tumors less than 1 cm in diameter, whereas wide excision with tracheal resection is reserved for tumors with diameters greater than 1 cm.
true
true
true
true
true
6,601
7
DISCUSSION
1
5)
[ "B5" ]
17,616,025
NA
In one study, recurrence after excision occurred in approximately 8% of the cases, with all recurrence associated with the presence of a positive margin5).
[ "5)" ]
155
38,448
0
false
In one study, recurrence after excision occurred in approximately 8% of the cases, with all recurrence associated with the presence of a positive margin5).
[]
In one study, recurrence after excision occurred in approximately 8% of the cases, with all recurrence associated with the presence of a positive margin5).
true
true
true
true
true
6,601
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
Follow-up is based on appearance of symptoms rather than serial endoscopic examinations and imaging studies.
null
108
38,449
0
false
null
null
Follow-up is based on appearance of symptoms rather than serial endoscopic examinations and imaging studies.
true
true
true
true
true
6,602
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
Follow.up includes serial CT scans and endoscopic examinations.
null
63
38,450
0
false
null
null
Follow.up includes serial CT scans and endoscopic examinations.
true
true
true
true
true
6,602
9
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
GCTs are uncommon tumors with a predilection for the upper aerodigestive tract.
null
79
38,451
0
false
null
null
GCTs are uncommon tumors with a predilection for the upper aerodigestive tract.
true
true
true
true
true
6,603
9
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
Although respiratory symptoms caused by asthma or foreign bodies are common in children, the possibility of a tracheal tumor masquerading as recalcitrant asthma or recurrent pneumonia should not be overlooked.
null
209
38,452
0
false
null
null
Although respiratory symptoms caused by asthma or foreign bodies are common in children, the possibility of a tracheal tumor masquerading as recalcitrant asthma or recurrent pneumonia should not be overlooked.
true
true
true
true
true
6,603
9
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
An unusual case of a mid.tracheal GCT presenting with obstructive sleep apnea and exercise.induced asthma illustrates this point.
null
129
38,453
0
false
null
null
An unusual case of a mid.tracheal GCT presenting with obstructive sleep apnea and exercise.induced asthma illustrates this point.
true
true
true
true
true
6,603
9
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
The diagnosis of a GCT and other tracheal masses depends on a high index of suspicion and an efficient workup.
null
110
38,454
0
false
null
null
The diagnosis of a GCT and other tracheal masses depends on a high index of suspicion and an efficient workup.
true
true
true
true
true
6,603
9
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
Treatment is complete surgical excision.
null
40
38,455
0
false
null
null
Treatment is complete surgical excision.
true
true
true
true
true
6,603
9
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,616,025
null
This case outlines how a patient with tracheal GCT might present.
null
65
38,456
0
false
null
null
This case outlines how a patient with tracheal GCT might present.
true
true
true
true
true
6,603
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B6", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
16,479,067
pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513|pmid-1170838|pmid-15325096|pmid-15040962|pmid-15325096|pmid-10591570|pmid-15040962|pmid-13282629|pmid-13282629
Mesenchymal hamartoma (MH) of the liver is a rare benign lesion mostly affecting children particularly in the first 2 yr of life (1), but a few cases have been reported in adults (2).
[ "1", "2", "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "4", "5", "6" ]
183
38,457
1
false
Mesenchymal hamartoma (MH) of the liver is a rare benign lesion mostly affecting children particularly in the first 2 yr of life, but a few cases have been reported in adults.
[ "1", "2" ]
Mesenchymal hamartoma (MH) of the liver is a rare benign lesion mostly affecting children particularly in the first 2 yr of life, but a few cases have been reported in adults.
true
true
true
true
true
6,604
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B6", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
16,479,067
pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513|pmid-1170838|pmid-15325096|pmid-15040962|pmid-15325096|pmid-10591570|pmid-15040962|pmid-13282629|pmid-13282629
It is frequently cystic, and consists mainly of mesenchymal stroma and architecturally abnormal biliary structures with hepatocyte lobules as a minor component (1, 2).
[ "1", "2", "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "4", "5", "6" ]
167
38,458
0
false
It is frequently cystic, and consists mainly of mesenchymal stroma and architecturally abnormal biliary structures with hepatocyte lobules as a minor component.
[ "1, 2" ]
It is frequently cystic, and consists mainly of mesenchymal stroma and architecturally abnormal biliary structures with hepatocyte lobules as a minor component.
true
true
true
true
true
6,604
0
INTRODUCTION
1
3
[ "B1", "B2", "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B6", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
16,479,067
pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513|pmid-1170838|pmid-15325096|pmid-15040962|pmid-15325096|pmid-10591570|pmid-15040962|pmid-13282629|pmid-13282629
The pathogenesis of MH has been considered to be aberrant development of primitive mesenchyme in the portal tract (3).
[ "1", "2", "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "4", "5", "6" ]
118
38,459
1
false
The pathogenesis of MH has been considered to be aberrant development of primitive mesenchyme in the portal tract.
[ "3" ]
The pathogenesis of MH has been considered to be aberrant development of primitive mesenchyme in the portal tract.
true
true
true
true
true
6,604
0
INTRODUCTION
1
4
[ "B1", "B2", "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B6", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
16,479,067
pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513|pmid-1170838|pmid-15325096|pmid-15040962|pmid-15325096|pmid-10591570|pmid-15040962|pmid-13282629|pmid-13282629
However, some recent evidences have raised the possibility of true neoplasm (4-6) and those are as follows: the balanced translocation involving chromosome 19q13.4 (4); rare cases of malignant transformation (5); and aneuploidy in flow cytometric analysis (6).
[ "1", "2", "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "4", "5", "6" ]
260
38,460
1
false
However, some recent evidences have raised the possibility of true neoplasm and those are as follows: the balanced translocation involving chromosome 19q13.4 ; rare cases of malignant transformation ; and aneuploidy in flow cytometric analysis.
[ "4-6", "4", "5", "6" ]
However, some recent evidences have raised the possibility of true neoplasm and those are as follows: the balanced translocation involving chromosome 19q13.4 ; rare cases of malignant transformation ; and aneuploidy in flow cytometric analysis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,604
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "B7", "B8", "B9", "B3" ]
16,479,067
pmid-2331217|pmid-2452554|pmid-6205130|pmid-1170838|pmid-6687279|pmid-2331217|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513
The cystic nature of MH is the result of cystic degeneration of myxoid stroma or cystic dilatation of bile ducts (7).
[ "7", "8", "9", "3" ]
117
38,461
1
false
The cystic nature of MH is the result of cystic degeneration of myxoid stroma or cystic dilatation of bile ducts.
[ "7" ]
The cystic nature of MH is the result of cystic degeneration of myxoid stroma or cystic dilatation of bile ducts.
true
true
true
true
true
6,605
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "B7", "B8", "B9", "B3" ]
16,479,067
pmid-2331217|pmid-2452554|pmid-6205130|pmid-1170838|pmid-6687279|pmid-2331217|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513
Rarely, solid form of MH containing a larger amount of hepatocytes has been documented (8, 9).
[ "7", "8", "9", "3" ]
94
38,462
0
false
Rarely, solid form of MH containing a larger amount of hepatocytes has been documented.
[ "8, 9" ]
Rarely, solid form of MH containing a larger amount of hepatocytes has been documented.
true
true
true
true
true
6,605
1
INTRODUCTION
1
3
[ "B7", "B8", "B9", "B3" ]
16,479,067
pmid-2331217|pmid-2452554|pmid-6205130|pmid-1170838|pmid-6687279|pmid-2331217|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513
As for the origin of the hepatocytes within MH, it has been proposed that they might be entrapped from the surrounding hepatic lobules or the actual tumor component aberrantly derived by extension of the derivatives of the primitive hepatic diverticulum growing into the septum transversum (3).
[ "7", "8", "9", "3" ]
294
38,463
1
false
As for the origin of the hepatocytes within MH, it has been proposed that they might be entrapped from the surrounding hepatic lobules or the actual tumor component aberrantly derived by extension of the derivatives of the primitive hepatic diverticulum growing into the septum transversum.
[ "3" ]
As for the origin of the hepatocytes within MH, it has been proposed that they might be entrapped from the surrounding hepatic lobules or the actual tumor component aberrantly derived by extension of the derivatives of the primitive hepatic diverticulum growing into the septum transversum.
true
true
true
true
true
6,605
2
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
16,479,067
pmid-640645|pmid-2304279|pmid-640645|pmid-1170838|pmid-640645|pmid-640645|pmid-7962662
In contrast to the typical cystic MH, the clinicopathologic findings of the solid variant of MH have not been well characterized.
null
129
38,464
0
false
null
null
In contrast to the typical cystic MH, the clinicopathologic findings of the solid variant of MH have not been well characterized.
true
true
true
true
true
6,606
2
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
16,479,067
pmid-640645|pmid-2304279|pmid-640645|pmid-1170838|pmid-640645|pmid-640645|pmid-7962662
Herein, we summarized 17 MHs including 10 cystic cases and 7 solid variants, and compared the clinicopathologic features of the solid variant with those of the typical cystic cases.
null
181
38,465
0
false
null
null
Herein, we summarized 17 MHs including 10 cystic cases and 7 solid variants, and compared the clinicopathologic features of the solid variant with those of the typical cystic cases.
true
true
true
true
true
6,606
0
DISCUSSION
1
12
[ "B12", "B12" ]
16,479,067
pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513|pmid-1170838|pmid-15325096|pmid-15040962|pmid-15325096|pmid-10591570|pmid-15040962|pmid-13282629|pmid-13282629
The term "mesenchymal hamartoma", now widely accepted, was coined by Edmondson in 1956, but before he introduced the term, it had been described under a variety of names: bile cell fibroadenoma, bile duct fibroadenoma, lymphangioma, cavernous lymphangiomatoid tumor, pseudocystic mesenchymal tumor, benign mesenchymoma, ...
[ "12", "12" ]
346
38,466
1
false
The term "mesenchymal hamartoma", now widely accepted, was coined by Edmondson in 1956, but before he introduced the term, it had been described under a variety of names: bile cell fibroadenoma, bile duct fibroadenoma, lymphangioma, cavernous lymphangiomatoid tumor, pseudocystic mesenchymal tumor, benign mesenchymoma, ...
[ "12" ]
The term "mesenchymal hamartoma", now widely accepted, was coined by Edmondson in 1956, but before he introduced the term, it had been described under a variety of names: bile cell fibroadenoma, bile duct fibroadenoma, lymphangioma, cavernous lymphangiomatoid tumor, pseudocystic mesenchymal tumor, benign mesenchymoma, ...
true
true
true
true
true
6,607
0
DISCUSSION
1
12
[ "B12", "B12" ]
16,479,067
pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513|pmid-1170838|pmid-15325096|pmid-15040962|pmid-15325096|pmid-10591570|pmid-15040962|pmid-13282629|pmid-13282629
According to the original description by Edmondson, MH was a cystic mesenchymal lesion, chiefly composed of connective tissue containing much serous fluid (12).
[ "12", "12" ]
160
38,467
1
false
According to the original description by Edmondson, MH was a cystic mesenchymal lesion, chiefly composed of connective tissue containing much serous fluid.
[ "12" ]
According to the original description by Edmondson, MH was a cystic mesenchymal lesion, chiefly composed of connective tissue containing much serous fluid.
true
true
true
true
true
6,607
0
DISCUSSION
1
12
[ "B12", "B12" ]
16,479,067
pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513|pmid-1170838|pmid-15325096|pmid-15040962|pmid-15325096|pmid-10591570|pmid-15040962|pmid-13282629|pmid-13282629
However, depending upon the amount and nature of stroma, it may present as a cystic or solid mass.
[ "12", "12" ]
98
38,468
0
false
However, depending upon the amount and nature of stroma, it may present as a cystic or solid mass.
[]
However, depending upon the amount and nature of stroma, it may present as a cystic or solid mass.
true
true
true
true
true
6,607
1
DISCUSSION
1
1
[ "B1", "B7", "B1", "B2" ]
16,479,067
pmid-2331217|pmid-2452554|pmid-6205130|pmid-1170838|pmid-6687279|pmid-2331217|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513
Stocker and Ishak described that MHs of the older patients were more commonly cystic and those of the younger patients more commonly solid (1), whereas all of 18 childhood cases in a 35-yr review of DeMaioribus et al.
[ "1", "7", "1", "2" ]
217
38,469
1
false
Stocker and Ishak described that MHs of the older patients were more commonly cystic and those of the younger patients more commonly solid, whereas all of 18 childhood cases in a 35-yr review of DeMaioribus et al.
[ "1" ]
Stocker and Ishak described that MHs of the older patients were more commonly cystic and those of the younger patients more commonly solid, whereas all of 18 childhood cases in a 35-yr review of DeMaioribus et al.
true
true
true
true
true
6,608
1
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "B1", "B7", "B1", "B2" ]
16,479,067
pmid-2331217|pmid-2452554|pmid-6205130|pmid-1170838|pmid-6687279|pmid-2331217|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513
were cystic (7).
[ "1", "7", "1", "2" ]
16
38,470
1
false
were cystic.
[ "7" ]
were cystic.
false
true
true
true
false
6,608
1
DISCUSSION
1
1
[ "B1", "B7", "B1", "B2" ]
16,479,067
pmid-2331217|pmid-2452554|pmid-6205130|pmid-1170838|pmid-6687279|pmid-2331217|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513
In the present study, only two were the adult cases and both were cystic MH, while 7 out of 15 (47%) child cases were predominantly solid.
[ "1", "7", "1", "2" ]
138
38,471
0
false
In the present study, only two were the adult cases and both were cystic MH, while 7 out of 15 child cases were predominantly solid.
[ "47%" ]
In the present study, only two were the adult cases and both were cystic MH, while 7 out of 15 child cases were predominantly solid.
true
true
true
true
true
6,608
1
DISCUSSION
1
1
[ "B1", "B7", "B1", "B2" ]
16,479,067
pmid-2331217|pmid-2452554|pmid-6205130|pmid-1170838|pmid-6687279|pmid-2331217|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513
These findings are in agreement with the description of Stocker and Ishak (1), although the cystic components were less frequent in the present study.
[ "1", "7", "1", "2" ]
150
38,472
1
false
These findings are in agreement with the description of Stocker and Ishak, although the cystic components were less frequent in the present study.
[ "1" ]
These findings are in agreement with the description of Stocker and Ishak, although the cystic components were less frequent in the present study.
true
true
true
true
true
6,608
1
DISCUSSION
1
1
[ "B1", "B7", "B1", "B2" ]
16,479,067
pmid-2331217|pmid-2452554|pmid-6205130|pmid-1170838|pmid-6687279|pmid-2331217|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513
In contrast to the cases of Cook et al.
[ "1", "7", "1", "2" ]
39
38,473
0
false
In contrast to the cases of Cook et al.
[]
In contrast to the cases of Cook et al.
true
true
true
true
true
6,608
1
DISCUSSION
1
2
[ "B1", "B7", "B1", "B2" ]
16,479,067
pmid-2331217|pmid-2452554|pmid-6205130|pmid-1170838|pmid-6687279|pmid-2331217|pmid-6687279|pmid-12378513
in which the stromal component of childhood MHs was fibrotic with areas of dense hyalinization and only focal myxoid areas (2), there was no significant difference in the stromal component between the adult and childhood cases and between the cystic and solid cases in our collection.
[ "1", "7", "1", "2" ]
284
38,474
1
false
in which the stromal component of childhood MHs was fibrotic with areas of dense hyalinization and only focal myxoid areas, there was no significant difference in the stromal component between the adult and childhood cases and between the cystic and solid cases in our collection.
[ "2" ]
in which the stromal component of childhood MHs was fibrotic with areas of dense hyalinization and only focal myxoid areas, there was no significant difference in the stromal component between the adult and childhood cases and between the cystic and solid cases in our collection.
false
true
true
true
false
6,608
2
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "B13", "B14", "B13", "B3", "B13", "B13", "B15" ]
16,479,067
pmid-640645|pmid-2304279|pmid-640645|pmid-1170838|pmid-640645|pmid-640645|pmid-7962662
In the present study, some cases of solid MH showed features of the so-called "mixed hamartoma" including larger amount of hepatocyte, ductal proliferation and hepatocellular-ductal transition.
[ "13", "14", "13", "3", "13", "13", "15" ]
193
38,475
0
false
In the present study, some cases of solid MH showed features of the so-called "mixed hamartoma" including larger amount of hepatocyte, ductal proliferation and hepatocellular-ductal transition.
[]
In the present study, some cases of solid MH showed features of the so-called "mixed hamartoma" including larger amount of hepatocyte, ductal proliferation and hepatocellular-ductal transition.
true
true
true
true
true
6,609
2
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "B13", "B14", "B13", "B3", "B13", "B13", "B15" ]
16,479,067
pmid-640645|pmid-2304279|pmid-640645|pmid-1170838|pmid-640645|pmid-640645|pmid-7962662
The mixed hamartoma is a very rare hamartomatous lesion composed of all cellular components of the normal liver and it shares histologic features of vascularized fibroductular tissue with mesenchymal hamartoma and focal nodular hyperplasia (13, 14).
[ "13", "14", "13", "3", "13", "13", "15" ]
249
38,476
0
false
The mixed hamartoma is a very rare hamartomatous lesion composed of all cellular components of the normal liver and it shares histologic features of vascularized fibroductular tissue with mesenchymal hamartoma and focal nodular hyperplasia.
[ "13, 14" ]
The mixed hamartoma is a very rare hamartomatous lesion composed of all cellular components of the normal liver and it shares histologic features of vascularized fibroductular tissue with mesenchymal hamartoma and focal nodular hyperplasia.
true
true
true
true
true
6,609
2
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "B13", "B14", "B13", "B3", "B13", "B13", "B15" ]
16,479,067
pmid-640645|pmid-2304279|pmid-640645|pmid-1170838|pmid-640645|pmid-640645|pmid-7962662
Rhodes et al.
[ "13", "14", "13", "3", "13", "13", "15" ]
13
38,477
0
false
Rhodes et al.
[]
Rhodes et al.
true
true
true
true
true
6,609
2
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "B13", "B14", "B13", "B3", "B13", "B13", "B15" ]
16,479,067
pmid-640645|pmid-2304279|pmid-640645|pmid-1170838|pmid-640645|pmid-640645|pmid-7962662
described that mixed hamartoma could be distinguished from the ordinary cystic MH or focal nodular hyperplasia by the lack of cystic change, the presence of embryonal hepatocytes with hepatocellular-bile ductular transformation, and the presence of the extremely broad fields of ductules and central veins (13).
[ "13", "14", "13", "3", "13", "13", "15" ]
311
38,478
1
false
described that mixed hamartoma could be distinguished from the ordinary cystic MH or focal nodular hyperplasia by the lack of cystic change, the presence of embryonal hepatocytes with hepatocellular-bile ductular transformation, and the presence of the extremely broad fields of ductules and central veins.
[ "13" ]
described that mixed hamartoma could be distinguished from the ordinary cystic MH or focal nodular hyperplasia by the lack of cystic change, the presence of embryonal hepatocytes with hepatocellular-bile ductular transformation, and the presence of the extremely broad fields of ductules and central veins.
false
true
true
true
false
6,609
2
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "B13", "B14", "B13", "B3", "B13", "B13", "B15" ]
16,479,067
pmid-640645|pmid-2304279|pmid-640645|pmid-1170838|pmid-640645|pmid-640645|pmid-7962662
However, the findings in the present series suggest that the mixed hamartoma and MH may be in one disease spectrum, since there are some overlapping in the histological findings of both hamartomas in addition to the common feature of periductal collaring of mesenchymal stroma.
[ "13", "14", "13", "3", "13", "13", "15" ]
277
38,479
0
false
However, the findings in the present series suggest that the mixed hamartoma and MH may be in one disease spectrum, since there are some overlapping in the histological findings of both hamartomas in addition to the common feature of periductal collaring of mesenchymal stroma.
[]
However, the findings in the present series suggest that the mixed hamartoma and MH may be in one disease spectrum, since there are some overlapping in the histological findings of both hamartomas in addition to the common feature of periductal collaring of mesenchymal stroma.
true
true
true
true
true
6,609
2
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "B13", "B14", "B13", "B3", "B13", "B13", "B15" ]
16,479,067
pmid-640645|pmid-2304279|pmid-640645|pmid-1170838|pmid-640645|pmid-640645|pmid-7962662
Both hamartomas are likely to be derived from portal tract (3, 13), but the mixed hamartoma is less differentiated and solid, whereas the MH is more differentiated and cystic (13).
[ "13", "14", "13", "3", "13", "13", "15" ]
180
38,480
1
false
Both hamartomas are likely to be derived from portal tract, but the mixed hamartoma is less differentiated and solid, whereas the MH is more differentiated and cystic.
[ "3, 13", "13" ]
Both hamartomas are likely to be derived from portal tract, but the mixed hamartoma is less differentiated and solid, whereas the MH is more differentiated and cystic.
true
true
true
true
true
6,609
2
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "B13", "B14", "B13", "B3", "B13", "B13", "B15" ]
16,479,067
pmid-640645|pmid-2304279|pmid-640645|pmid-1170838|pmid-640645|pmid-640645|pmid-7962662
Chan et al.
[ "13", "14", "13", "3", "13", "13", "15" ]
11
38,481
0
false
Chan et al.
[]
Chan et al.
true
true
true
true
true
6,609
2
DISCUSSION
1
15
[ "B13", "B14", "B13", "B3", "B13", "B13", "B15" ]
16,479,067
pmid-640645|pmid-2304279|pmid-640645|pmid-1170838|pmid-640645|pmid-640645|pmid-7962662
had suggested that the morphology of MH might be changed with age as follows: progressive loss of hepatocytes; degeneration of bile duct epithelium; and cystic change of the mesenchymal components (15).
[ "13", "14", "13", "3", "13", "13", "15" ]
202
38,482
1
false
had suggested that the morphology of MH might be changed with age as follows: progressive loss of hepatocytes; degeneration of bile duct epithelium; and cystic change of the mesenchymal components.
[ "15" ]
had suggested that the morphology of MH might be changed with age as follows: progressive loss of hepatocytes; degeneration of bile duct epithelium; and cystic change of the mesenchymal components.
false
true
true
true
false
6,609
2
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "B13", "B14", "B13", "B3", "B13", "B13", "B15" ]
16,479,067
pmid-640645|pmid-2304279|pmid-640645|pmid-1170838|pmid-640645|pmid-640645|pmid-7962662
According to their suggestion, the mixed hamartoma and solid variant of MH may be the immature forms of the ordinary cystic MH.
[ "13", "14", "13", "3", "13", "13", "15" ]
127
38,483
0
false
According to their suggestion, the mixed hamartoma and solid variant of MH may be the immature forms of the ordinary cystic MH.
[]
According to their suggestion, the mixed hamartoma and solid variant of MH may be the immature forms of the ordinary cystic MH.
true
true
true
true
true
6,609
3
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3" ]
16,479,067
pmid-1170838
It has been traditionally considered that the hepatocytes within MH are entrapped from the surrounding normal liver (3).
[ "3" ]
120
38,484
1
false
It has been traditionally considered that the hepatocytes within MH are entrapped from the surrounding normal liver.
[ "3" ]
It has been traditionally considered that the hepatocytes within MH are entrapped from the surrounding normal liver.
true
true
true
true
true
6,610
3
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3" ]
16,479,067
pmid-1170838
However, when we consider the embryonal feature of hepatocytes in the mixed hamartoma and the positive correlation between serum AFP level and the amount of hepatocytes in solid MH of the present study, some hepatocytes in MH is suggested to be immature hepatocytes developed as a components of the lesion rather than en...
[ "3" ]
347
38,485
0
false
However, when we consider the embryonal feature of hepatocytes in the mixed hamartoma and the positive correlation between serum AFP level and the amount of hepatocytes in solid MH of the present study, some hepatocytes in MH is suggested to be immature hepatocytes developed as a components of the lesion rather than en...
[]
However, when we consider the embryonal feature of hepatocytes in the mixed hamartoma and the positive correlation between serum AFP level and the amount of hepatocytes in solid MH of the present study, some hepatocytes in MH is suggested to be immature hepatocytes developed as a components of the lesion rather than en...
true
true
true
true
true
6,610
4
DISCUSSION
1
8
[ "B8", "B9", "B16", "B17", "B9" ]
16,479,067
pmid-2452554|pmid-6205130|pmid-1300174|pmid-15024683|pmid-6205130
The serum levels of AFP in patients with MH were measured in some previous studies where it was largely within normal limits (8, 9, 16, 17).
[ "8", "9", "16", "17", "9" ]
140
38,486
0
false
The serum levels of AFP in patients with MH were measured in some previous studies where it was largely within normal limits.
[ "8, 9, 16, 17" ]
The serum levels of AFP in patients with MH were measured in some previous studies where it was largely within normal limits.
true
true
true
true
true
6,611
4
DISCUSSION
1
8
[ "B8", "B9", "B16", "B17", "B9" ]
16,479,067
pmid-2452554|pmid-6205130|pmid-1300174|pmid-15024683|pmid-6205130
But Ito et al.
[ "8", "9", "16", "17", "9" ]
14
38,487
0
false
But Ito et al.
[]
But Ito et al.
true
true
true
true
true
6,611
4
DISCUSSION
1
9
[ "B8", "B9", "B16", "B17", "B9" ]
16,479,067
pmid-2452554|pmid-6205130|pmid-1300174|pmid-15024683|pmid-6205130
reported that five out of 7 Japanese cases of MH showed a high serum level of AFP ranging 3,200 to 6,000 ng/mL, and demonstrated the immunohistochemical localization of AFP in the proliferating hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium of MH (9).
[ "8", "9", "16", "17", "9" ]
241
38,488
1
false
reported that five out of 7 Japanese cases of MH showed a high serum level of AFP ranging 3,200 to 6,000 ng/mL, and demonstrated the immunohistochemical localization of AFP in the proliferating hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium of MH.
[ "9" ]
reported that five out of 7 Japanese cases of MH showed a high serum level of AFP ranging 3,200 to 6,000 ng/mL, and demonstrated the immunohistochemical localization of AFP in the proliferating hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium of MH.
false
true
true
true
false
6,611
4
DISCUSSION
1
8
[ "B8", "B9", "B16", "B17", "B9" ]
16,479,067
pmid-2452554|pmid-6205130|pmid-1300174|pmid-15024683|pmid-6205130
In the present study, the elevation of serum AFP level was found in 6 out of 13 cases (46%), and was more frequently noted in the predominantly solid MH than in the predominantly cystic form.
[ "8", "9", "16", "17", "9" ]
191
38,489
0
false
In the present study, the elevation of serum AFP level was found in 6 out of 13 cases (46%), and was more frequently noted in the predominantly solid MH than in the predominantly cystic form.
[]
In the present study, the elevation of serum AFP level was found in 6 out of 13 cases (46%), and was more frequently noted in the predominantly solid MH than in the predominantly cystic form.
true
true
true
true
true
6,611
4
DISCUSSION
1
8
[ "B8", "B9", "B16", "B17", "B9" ]
16,479,067
pmid-2452554|pmid-6205130|pmid-1300174|pmid-15024683|pmid-6205130
This correlation may also support that the hepatocytes within the tumor mass are a true component of MH.
[ "8", "9", "16", "17", "9" ]
104
38,490
0
false
This correlation may also support that the hepatocytes within the tumor mass are a true component of MH.
[]
This correlation may also support that the hepatocytes within the tumor mass are a true component of MH.
true
true
true
true
true
6,611
5
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
16,479,067
null
In conclusion, MH can show various clinicopathologic features and recognition of the clinicopathological differences between the typical MH and its variants will facilitate its accurate diagnosis.
null
196
38,491
0
false
null
null
In conclusion, MH can show various clinicopathologic features and recognition of the clinicopathological differences between the typical MH and its variants will facilitate its accurate diagnosis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,612
0
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3", "B21", "B22" ]
20,430,888
pmid-16956633|pmid-7994182|pmid-7640522
Class II diterpene cyclases catalyze the committed step in biosynthesis of the large class of labdane-related diterpenoid natural products, which range from the gibberellin (GA) phytohormones to more specialized/secondary metabolites typically utilized in defense (3).
[ "3", "21", "22" ]
268
38,492
1
false
Class II diterpene cyclases catalyze the committed step in biosynthesis of the large class of labdane-related diterpenoid natural products, which range from the gibberellin (GA) phytohormones to more specialized/secondary metabolites typically utilized in defense.
[ "3" ]
Class II diterpene cyclases catalyze the committed step in biosynthesis of the large class of labdane-related diterpenoid natural products, which range from the gibberellin (GA) phytohormones to more specialized/secondary metabolites typically utilized in defense.
true
true
true
true
true
6,613
0
DISCUSSION
1
21
[ "B3", "B21", "B22" ]
20,430,888
pmid-16956633|pmid-7994182|pmid-7640522
In plants, these enzymes are localized in plastids (21) and divert GGPP away from the production of phytosynthetic pigments (i.e.
[ "3", "21", "22" ]
129
38,493
1
false
In plants, these enzymes are localized in plastids and divert GGPP away from the production of phytosynthetic pigments (i.e.
[ "21" ]
In plants, these enzymes are localized in plastids and divert GGPP away from the production of phytosynthetic pigments (i.e.
true
true
true
true
true
6,613
0
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "B3", "B21", "B22" ]
20,430,888
pmid-16956633|pmid-7994182|pmid-7640522
carotenoids and the phytyl side chain of chlorophyll) (22).
[ "3", "21", "22" ]
59
38,494
1
false
carotenoids and the phytyl side chain of chlorophyll).
[ "22" ]
carotenoids and the phytyl side chain of chlorophyll).
false
true
true
true
false
6,613
0
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3", "B21", "B22" ]
20,430,888
pmid-16956633|pmid-7994182|pmid-7640522
Thus, understanding the mechanism and regulation of these important, gate-keeping enzymes can provide key insights into understanding how plants mediate and control metabolic flux within their plastids.
[ "3", "21", "22" ]
202
38,495
0
false
Thus, understanding the mechanism and regulation of these important, gate-keeping enzymes can provide key insights into understanding how plants mediate and control metabolic flux within their plastids.
[]
Thus, understanding the mechanism and regulation of these important, gate-keeping enzymes can provide key insights into understanding how plants mediate and control metabolic flux within their plastids.
true
true
true
true
true
6,613
1
DISCUSSION
1
23
[ "B23", "B24" ]
20,430,888
pmid-9263448|pmid-16996548
Of particular relevance to the studies discussed here, GA is only required in very small amounts in planta, whereas secondary metabolites can be produced in very large quantities.
[ "23", "24" ]
179
38,496
0
false
Of particular relevance to the studies discussed here, GA is only required in very small amounts in planta, whereas secondary metabolites can be produced in very large quantities.
[]
Of particular relevance to the studies discussed here, GA is only required in very small amounts in planta, whereas secondary metabolites can be produced in very large quantities.
true
true
true
true
true
6,614
1
DISCUSSION
1
23
[ "B23", "B24" ]
20,430,888
pmid-9263448|pmid-16996548
Because A. thaliana only produces GA and no other labdane-related diterpenoid natural products, AtCPS is dedicated to GA biosynthesis.
[ "23", "24" ]
134
38,497
0
false
Because A. thaliana only produces GA and no other labdane-related diterpenoid natural products, AtCPS is dedicated to GA biosynthesis.
[]
Because A. thaliana only produces GA and no other labdane-related diterpenoid natural products, AtCPS is dedicated to GA biosynthesis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,614
1
DISCUSSION
1
23
[ "B23", "B24" ]
20,430,888
pmid-9263448|pmid-16996548
Furthermore, AtCPS is found throughout fast growing tissues, as well as in the vasculature (23).
[ "23", "24" ]
96
38,498
1
false
Furthermore, AtCPS is found throughout fast growing tissues, as well as in the vasculature.
[ "23" ]
Furthermore, AtCPS is found throughout fast growing tissues, as well as in the vasculature.
true
true
true
true
true
6,614
1
DISCUSSION
1
23
[ "B23", "B24" ]
20,430,888
pmid-9263448|pmid-16996548
Such widespread enzymatic distribution indicates that relatively limited activity would be sufficient to mediate the small amounts of metabolic flux necessary for GA biosynthesis.
[ "23", "24" ]
179
38,499
0
false
Such widespread enzymatic distribution indicates that relatively limited activity would be sufficient to mediate the small amounts of metabolic flux necessary for GA biosynthesis.
[]
Such widespread enzymatic distribution indicates that relatively limited activity would be sufficient to mediate the small amounts of metabolic flux necessary for GA biosynthesis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,614
1
DISCUSSION
1
23
[ "B23", "B24" ]
20,430,888
pmid-9263448|pmid-16996548
By contrast, conifer resin is found in anatomically specialized structures, such as the resin blisters in Abies grandis saplings.
[ "23", "24" ]
129
38,500
0
false
By contrast, conifer resin is found in anatomically specialized structures, such as the resin blisters in Abies grandis saplings.
[]
By contrast, conifer resin is found in anatomically specialized structures, such as the resin blisters in Abies grandis saplings.
true
true
true
true
true
6,614
1
DISCUSSION
1
24
[ "B23", "B24" ]
20,430,888
pmid-9263448|pmid-16996548
It has been shown that the relevant diterpene synthases, such as AgAS, are localized in the surrounding epithelial cells (24), which are then presumably responsible for production of all the observed resin, necessitating an enormous flux into such biosynthesis (i.e.
[ "23", "24" ]
266
38,501
1
false
It has been shown that the relevant diterpene synthases, such as AgAS, are localized in the surrounding epithelial cells, which are then presumably responsible for production of all the observed resin, necessitating an enormous flux into such biosynthesis (i.e.
[ "24" ]
It has been shown that the relevant diterpene synthases, such as AgAS, are localized in the surrounding epithelial cells, which are then presumably responsible for production of all the observed resin, necessitating an enormous flux into such biosynthesis (i.e.
true
true
true
true
true
6,614
1
DISCUSSION
1
23
[ "B23", "B24" ]
20,430,888
pmid-9263448|pmid-16996548
these cells produce several times their own volume of resin).
[ "23", "24" ]
61
38,502
0
false
these cells produce several times their own volume of resin).
[]
these cells produce several times their own volume of resin).
false
true
true
true
false
6,614
1
DISCUSSION
1
23
[ "B23", "B24" ]
20,430,888
pmid-9263448|pmid-16996548
Thus, these disparate (i.e.
[ "23", "24" ]
27
38,503
0
false
Thus, these disparate (i.e.
[]
Thus, these disparate (i.e.
true
true
true
true
true
6,614
1
DISCUSSION
1
23
[ "B23", "B24" ]
20,430,888
pmid-9263448|pmid-16996548
primary/GA versus secondary) metabolic processes presumably require distinct regulatory mechanisms.
[ "23", "24" ]
99
38,504
0
false
primary/GA versus secondary) metabolic processes presumably require distinct regulatory mechanisms.
[]
primary/GA versus secondary) metabolic processes presumably require distinct regulatory mechanisms.
false
true
true
true
false
6,614
2
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "B13", "B10", "B11", "B12" ]
20,430,888
NA|pmid-11827528|pmid-11552804|pmid-17457817
Although no structural information has yet been reported for class II diterpene cyclases, it has been suggested that these are descended from the triterpene SHCs, which catalyze mechanistically similar reactions (13).
[ "13", "10", "11", "12" ]
217
38,505
1
false
Although no structural information has yet been reported for class II diterpene cyclases, it has been suggested that these are descended from the triterpene SHCs, which catalyze mechanistically similar reactions.
[ "13" ]
Although no structural information has yet been reported for class II diterpene cyclases, it has been suggested that these are descended from the triterpene SHCs, which catalyze mechanistically similar reactions.
true
true
true
true
true
6,615
2
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "B13", "B10", "B11", "B12" ]
20,430,888
NA|pmid-11827528|pmid-11552804|pmid-17457817
Based on analogies to the better understood SHC, it has been suggested that the class II diterpene cyclases utilize the DXDD motif they share in common with SHC, to act as the catalytic acid in CC protonation-initiated cyclization (10, 11).
[ "13", "10", "11", "12" ]
240
38,506
0
false
Based on analogies to the better understood SHC, it has been suggested that the class II diterpene cyclases utilize the DXDD motif they share in common with SHC, to act as the catalytic acid in CC protonation-initiated cyclization.
[ "10, 11" ]
Based on analogies to the better understood SHC, it has been suggested that the class II diterpene cyclases utilize the DXDD motif they share in common with SHC, to act as the catalytic acid in CC protonation-initiated cyclization.
true
true
true
true
true
6,615
2
DISCUSSION
1
12
[ "B13", "B10", "B11", "B12" ]
20,430,888
NA|pmid-11827528|pmid-11552804|pmid-17457817
In particular, that the first and last aspartates carry a negative charge that activates the middle aspartate to carry out the requisite energetically difficult CC protonation (12), a hypothesis consistent with the data reported here.
[ "13", "10", "11", "12" ]
234
38,507
1
false
In particular, that the first and last aspartates carry a negative charge that activates the middle aspartate to carry out the requisite energetically difficult CC protonation, a hypothesis consistent with the data reported here.
[ "12" ]
In particular, that the first and last aspartates carry a negative charge that activates the middle aspartate to carry out the requisite energetically difficult CC protonation, a hypothesis consistent with the data reported here.
true
true
true
true
true
6,615
3
DISCUSSION
1
16
[ "B14", "B15", "B16" ]
20,430,888
pmid-10664852|NA|pmid-15929157
In addition to the DXDD motif, SHC further require a catalytic basic residue, conserved as a His or Arg (14, 15) that seems to act as a counter ion to the negative charge carried by the first and last aspartates and which directly interacts with the middle aspartate (16).
[ "14", "15", "16" ]
272
38,508
1
false
In addition to the DXDD motif, SHC further require a catalytic basic residue, conserved as a His or Arg that seems to act as a counter ion to the negative charge carried by the first and last aspartates and which directly interacts with the middle aspartate.
[ "14, 15", "16" ]
In addition to the DXDD motif, SHC further require a catalytic basic residue, conserved as a His or Arg that seems to act as a counter ion to the negative charge carried by the first and last aspartates and which directly interacts with the middle aspartate.
true
true
true
true
true
6,616
3
DISCUSSION
1
14
[ "B14", "B15", "B16" ]
20,430,888
pmid-10664852|NA|pmid-15929157
Although this residue is not conserved in class II diterpene cyclases, we also have identified here a catalytic basic residue, similarly conserved as His or Arg, in plant class II diterpene cyclases that seems to have an analogous function, serving to increase the ability of the middle aspartate to carry out CC protona...
[ "14", "15", "16" ]
325
38,509
0
false
Although this residue is not conserved in class II diterpene cyclases, we also have identified here a catalytic basic residue, similarly conserved as His or Arg, in plant class II diterpene cyclases that seems to have an analogous function, serving to increase the ability of the middle aspartate to carry out CC protona...
[]
Although this residue is not conserved in class II diterpene cyclases, we also have identified here a catalytic basic residue, similarly conserved as His or Arg, in plant class II diterpene cyclases that seems to have an analogous function, serving to increase the ability of the middle aspartate to carry out CC protona...
true
true
true
true
true
6,616
3
DISCUSSION
1
14
[ "B14", "B15", "B16" ]
20,430,888
pmid-10664852|NA|pmid-15929157
While clearly not phylogenetically conserved (i.e.
[ "14", "15", "16" ]
50
38,510
0
false
While clearly not phylogenetically conserved (i.e.
[]
While clearly not phylogenetically conserved (i.e.
true
true
true
true
true
6,616
3
DISCUSSION
1
14
[ "B14", "B15", "B16" ]
20,430,888
pmid-10664852|NA|pmid-15929157
in plant class II diterpene cyclases this catalytic counter ion precedes, while that in SHC follows, the DXDD motif) these mechanistically similar enzymes then both utilize a DXDD+His/Arg tetrad that acts cooperatively as the catalytic acid, providing significant insight into the enzymatic mechanism utilized by class I...
[ "14", "15", "16" ]
341
38,511
0
false
in plant class II diterpene cyclases this catalytic counter ion precedes, while that in SHC follows, the DXDD motif) these mechanistically similar enzymes then both utilize a DXDD+His/Arg tetrad that acts cooperatively as the catalytic acid, providing significant insight into the enzymatic mechanism utilized by class I...
[]
in plant class II diterpene cyclases this catalytic counter ion precedes, while that in SHC follows, the DXDD motif) these mechanistically similar enzymes then both utilize a DXDD+His/Arg tetrad that acts cooperatively as the catalytic acid, providing significant insight into the enzymatic mechanism utilized by class I...
false
true
true
true
false
6,616
4
DISCUSSION
1
25
[ "B10", "B17", "B25", "B17", "B26", "B17" ]
20,430,888
pmid-11827528|pmid-17384166|pmid-11027983|pmid-17384166|pmid-12646275|pmid-17384166
Class II diterpene cyclases require the presence of Mg2+ for full catalytic activity (10, 17), presumably for binding of the diphosphate moiety of their GGPP substrate, whereas divalent metal ions are not required for binding of the squalene olefin substrate of SHC (25).
[ "10", "17", "25", "17", "26", "17" ]
271
38,512
1
false
Class II diterpene cyclases require the presence of Mg2+ for full catalytic activity, presumably for binding of the diphosphate moiety of their GGPP substrate, whereas divalent metal ions are not required for binding of the squalene olefin substrate of SHC.
[ "10, 17", "25" ]
Class II diterpene cyclases require the presence of Mg2+ for full catalytic activity, presumably for binding of the diphosphate moiety of their GGPP substrate, whereas divalent metal ions are not required for binding of the squalene olefin substrate of SHC.
true
true
true
true
true
6,617
4
DISCUSSION
1
10
[ "B10", "B17", "B25", "B17", "B26", "B17" ]
20,430,888
pmid-11827528|pmid-17384166|pmid-11027983|pmid-17384166|pmid-12646275|pmid-17384166
Intriguingly, Mg2+ exhibits a dramatic biphasic effect on the activity of the AtCPS involved in GA biosynthesis, with a very rapid decrease in activity above the optimal concentration, and this effect is much less pronounced with class II enzymes involved in more specialized/secondary metabolism (i.e.
[ "10", "17", "25", "17", "26", "17" ]
302
38,513
0
false
Intriguingly, Mg2+ exhibits a dramatic biphasic effect on the activity of the AtCPS involved in GA biosynthesis, with a very rapid decrease in activity above the optimal concentration, and this effect is much less pronounced with class II enzymes involved in more specialized/secondary metabolism (i.e.
[]
Intriguingly, Mg2+ exhibits a dramatic biphasic effect on the activity of the AtCPS involved in GA biosynthesis, with a very rapid decrease in activity above the optimal concentration, and this effect is much less pronounced with class II enzymes involved in more specialized/secondary metabolism (i.e.
true
true
true
true
true
6,617
4
DISCUSSION
1
17
[ "B10", "B17", "B25", "B17", "B26", "B17" ]
20,430,888
pmid-11827528|pmid-17384166|pmid-11027983|pmid-17384166|pmid-12646275|pmid-17384166
AgAS) (17).
[ "10", "17", "25", "17", "26", "17" ]
11
38,514
1
false
AgAS).
[ "17" ]
AgAS).
true
true
true
true
true
6,617
4
DISCUSSION
1
26
[ "B10", "B17", "B25", "B17", "B26", "B17" ]
20,430,888
pmid-11827528|pmid-17384166|pmid-11027983|pmid-17384166|pmid-12646275|pmid-17384166
Furthermore, Mg2+ levels vary in plant plastids where class II diterpene cyclases are found, specifically in response to light (26), over a similar sub- to low millimolar range as that observed to affect class II enzymatic activity.
[ "10", "17", "25", "17", "26", "17" ]
232
38,515
1
false
Furthermore, Mg2+ levels vary in plant plastids where class II diterpene cyclases are found, specifically in response to light, over a similar sub- to low millimolar range as that observed to affect class II enzymatic activity.
[ "26" ]
Furthermore, Mg2+ levels vary in plant plastids where class II diterpene cyclases are found, specifically in response to light, over a similar sub- to low millimolar range as that observed to affect class II enzymatic activity.
true
true
true
true
true
6,617