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PMC1065321_F5_1629.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Establishment of the KRN serum transfer model. (a) Discoloration and swelling (arrow) of the right third proximal interphalangeal joint is noted in a healthy C57BL/6 mouse 4 days after KRN serum transfer. (b) Near-infrared fluorescent imaging of the right paw showed increase fluorescence signal intensity at the inflammatory joint (enhancement ratio = 1.9). (c) Correlated H&E-stain section showed abundant inflammatory cells infiltration with pannus-like formation. Original magnification, 100 ×. (d) Immunoperoxidase staining of Mac-3. Mac-3-positive cell infiltration among polymorphonuclear cells was noted in the pannus. Original magnification, 400 ×. |
PMC1065321_F5_1630.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Establishment of the KRN serum transfer model. (a) Discoloration and swelling (arrow) of the right third proximal interphalangeal joint is noted in a healthy C57BL/6 mouse 4 days after KRN serum transfer. (b) Near-infrared fluorescent imaging of the right paw showed increase fluorescence signal intensity at the inflammatory joint (enhancement ratio = 1.9). (c) Correlated H&E-stain section showed abundant inflammatory cells infiltration with pannus-like formation. Original magnification, 100 ×. (d) Immunoperoxidase staining of Mac-3. Mac-3-positive cell infiltration among polymorphonuclear cells was noted in the pannus. Original magnification, 400 ×. |
PMC1065321_F6_1633.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Early detection (30 hours after KRN serum transfer) of the inflammatory joint by NIR2-folate. (a) White-light image showed no remarkable swelling at bilateral paws. (b) Merged near-infrared fluorescent signal with a white-light image showed increase fluorescence signal intensity at the dorsal aspect of the right wrist, which has a 1.8-fold increase compared with the left wrist. (c) H&E-stain histology of the right wrist showed polymorphonuclear cell infiltration at the dorsal aspect of the right wrist (arrow). Magnification, 20 × (400 ×, insert). (d) Histology of the left wrist showed no remarkable inflammatory cell infiltration. Magnification, 20 × (400 ×, insert). (e) Immunohistochemistry of the right wrist showed Mac-3-positive cell infiltration at subsynovial tissues. Magnification, 400 ×. |
PMC1065321_F6_1634.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Early detection (30 hours after KRN serum transfer) of the inflammatory joint by NIR2-folate. (a) White-light image showed no remarkable swelling at bilateral paws. (b) Merged near-infrared fluorescent signal with a white-light image showed increase fluorescence signal intensity at the dorsal aspect of the right wrist, which has a 1.8-fold increase compared with the left wrist. (c) H&E-stain histology of the right wrist showed polymorphonuclear cell infiltration at the dorsal aspect of the right wrist (arrow). Magnification, 20 × (400 ×, insert). (d) Histology of the left wrist showed no remarkable inflammatory cell infiltration. Magnification, 20 × (400 ×, insert). (e) Immunohistochemistry of the right wrist showed Mac-3-positive cell infiltration at subsynovial tissues. Magnification, 400 ×. |
PMC1065323_F2_1648.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Expression of CD4, CD20, CD45RO, CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 in synovial tissue obtained from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) after synoviectomy. (a, b) Presence of CCR7+ cells (red) in the sublining layer of a synovial tissue characterised by a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate (scattered CD4+ cells, brown) from a 14-year-old girl with antinuclear antibody-positive (ANA+) oligoarticular JIA (no. 1, Table 3) (Magnification × 20). (c–n) Serial stainings with CD20, CD4, CCR7, CXCR3 and CCR5 monoclonal antibody in synovial tissue from a 12-year-old girl with ANA+ oligoarticular JIA (no. 4, Table 3). The distribution of cells positive for CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 is shown in two different areas containing T and B cell aggregates (magnification × 10). (o, p) Different expression of CCR7 (red) and CCR5 (brown) in synovial membrane infiltrate (patient no. 1, Table 3) (magnification × 4.5). CCR7+ cells are observed exclusively in the perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate of the deep sublining layer (open rectangle). Conversely, CCR5-positive cells are prevalently observed at the level of the lining layer and superficial subintima (*) and in the perivascular infiltrates of the sublining layer (**). |
PMC1065323_F2_1647.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Expression of CD4, CD20, CD45RO, CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 in synovial tissue obtained from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) after synoviectomy. (a, b) Presence of CCR7+ cells (red) in the sublining layer of a synovial tissue characterised by a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate (scattered CD4+ cells, brown) from a 14-year-old girl with antinuclear antibody-positive (ANA+) oligoarticular JIA (no. 1, Table 3) (Magnification × 20). (c–n) Serial stainings with CD20, CD4, CCR7, CXCR3 and CCR5 monoclonal antibody in synovial tissue from a 12-year-old girl with ANA+ oligoarticular JIA (no. 4, Table 3). The distribution of cells positive for CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 is shown in two different areas containing T and B cell aggregates (magnification × 10). (o, p) Different expression of CCR7 (red) and CCR5 (brown) in synovial membrane infiltrate (patient no. 1, Table 3) (magnification × 4.5). CCR7+ cells are observed exclusively in the perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate of the deep sublining layer (open rectangle). Conversely, CCR5-positive cells are prevalently observed at the level of the lining layer and superficial subintima (*) and in the perivascular infiltrates of the sublining layer (**). |
PMC1065323_F2_1645.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Expression of CD4, CD20, CD45RO, CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 in synovial tissue obtained from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) after synoviectomy. (a, b) Presence of CCR7+ cells (red) in the sublining layer of a synovial tissue characterised by a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate (scattered CD4+ cells, brown) from a 14-year-old girl with antinuclear antibody-positive (ANA+) oligoarticular JIA (no. 1, Table 3) (Magnification × 20). (c–n) Serial stainings with CD20, CD4, CCR7, CXCR3 and CCR5 monoclonal antibody in synovial tissue from a 12-year-old girl with ANA+ oligoarticular JIA (no. 4, Table 3). The distribution of cells positive for CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 is shown in two different areas containing T and B cell aggregates (magnification × 10). (o, p) Different expression of CCR7 (red) and CCR5 (brown) in synovial membrane infiltrate (patient no. 1, Table 3) (magnification × 4.5). CCR7+ cells are observed exclusively in the perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate of the deep sublining layer (open rectangle). Conversely, CCR5-positive cells are prevalently observed at the level of the lining layer and superficial subintima (*) and in the perivascular infiltrates of the sublining layer (**). |
PMC1065323_F2_1649.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Expression of CD4, CD20, CD45RO, CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 in synovial tissue obtained from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) after synoviectomy. (a, b) Presence of CCR7+ cells (red) in the sublining layer of a synovial tissue characterised by a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate (scattered CD4+ cells, brown) from a 14-year-old girl with antinuclear antibody-positive (ANA+) oligoarticular JIA (no. 1, Table 3) (Magnification × 20). (c–n) Serial stainings with CD20, CD4, CCR7, CXCR3 and CCR5 monoclonal antibody in synovial tissue from a 12-year-old girl with ANA+ oligoarticular JIA (no. 4, Table 3). The distribution of cells positive for CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 is shown in two different areas containing T and B cell aggregates (magnification × 10). (o, p) Different expression of CCR7 (red) and CCR5 (brown) in synovial membrane infiltrate (patient no. 1, Table 3) (magnification × 4.5). CCR7+ cells are observed exclusively in the perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate of the deep sublining layer (open rectangle). Conversely, CCR5-positive cells are prevalently observed at the level of the lining layer and superficial subintima (*) and in the perivascular infiltrates of the sublining layer (**). |
PMC1065323_F2_1644.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Expression of CD4, CD20, CD45RO, CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 in synovial tissue obtained from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) after synoviectomy. (a, b) Presence of CCR7+ cells (red) in the sublining layer of a synovial tissue characterised by a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate (scattered CD4+ cells, brown) from a 14-year-old girl with antinuclear antibody-positive (ANA+) oligoarticular JIA (no. 1, Table 3) (Magnification × 20). (c–n) Serial stainings with CD20, CD4, CCR7, CXCR3 and CCR5 monoclonal antibody in synovial tissue from a 12-year-old girl with ANA+ oligoarticular JIA (no. 4, Table 3). The distribution of cells positive for CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 is shown in two different areas containing T and B cell aggregates (magnification × 10). (o, p) Different expression of CCR7 (red) and CCR5 (brown) in synovial membrane infiltrate (patient no. 1, Table 3) (magnification × 4.5). CCR7+ cells are observed exclusively in the perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate of the deep sublining layer (open rectangle). Conversely, CCR5-positive cells are prevalently observed at the level of the lining layer and superficial subintima (*) and in the perivascular infiltrates of the sublining layer (**). |
PMC1065323_F2_1650.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Expression of CD4, CD20, CD45RO, CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 in synovial tissue obtained from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) after synoviectomy. (a, b) Presence of CCR7+ cells (red) in the sublining layer of a synovial tissue characterised by a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate (scattered CD4+ cells, brown) from a 14-year-old girl with antinuclear antibody-positive (ANA+) oligoarticular JIA (no. 1, Table 3) (Magnification × 20). (c–n) Serial stainings with CD20, CD4, CCR7, CXCR3 and CCR5 monoclonal antibody in synovial tissue from a 12-year-old girl with ANA+ oligoarticular JIA (no. 4, Table 3). The distribution of cells positive for CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 is shown in two different areas containing T and B cell aggregates (magnification × 10). (o, p) Different expression of CCR7 (red) and CCR5 (brown) in synovial membrane infiltrate (patient no. 1, Table 3) (magnification × 4.5). CCR7+ cells are observed exclusively in the perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate of the deep sublining layer (open rectangle). Conversely, CCR5-positive cells are prevalently observed at the level of the lining layer and superficial subintima (*) and in the perivascular infiltrates of the sublining layer (**). |
PMC1065323_F2_1653.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Expression of CD4, CD20, CD45RO, CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 in synovial tissue obtained from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) after synoviectomy. (a, b) Presence of CCR7+ cells (red) in the sublining layer of a synovial tissue characterised by a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate (scattered CD4+ cells, brown) from a 14-year-old girl with antinuclear antibody-positive (ANA+) oligoarticular JIA (no. 1, Table 3) (Magnification × 20). (c–n) Serial stainings with CD20, CD4, CCR7, CXCR3 and CCR5 monoclonal antibody in synovial tissue from a 12-year-old girl with ANA+ oligoarticular JIA (no. 4, Table 3). The distribution of cells positive for CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 is shown in two different areas containing T and B cell aggregates (magnification × 10). (o, p) Different expression of CCR7 (red) and CCR5 (brown) in synovial membrane infiltrate (patient no. 1, Table 3) (magnification × 4.5). CCR7+ cells are observed exclusively in the perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate of the deep sublining layer (open rectangle). Conversely, CCR5-positive cells are prevalently observed at the level of the lining layer and superficial subintima (*) and in the perivascular infiltrates of the sublining layer (**). |
PMC1065323_F2_1651.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Expression of CD4, CD20, CD45RO, CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 in synovial tissue obtained from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) after synoviectomy. (a, b) Presence of CCR7+ cells (red) in the sublining layer of a synovial tissue characterised by a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate (scattered CD4+ cells, brown) from a 14-year-old girl with antinuclear antibody-positive (ANA+) oligoarticular JIA (no. 1, Table 3) (Magnification × 20). (c–n) Serial stainings with CD20, CD4, CCR7, CXCR3 and CCR5 monoclonal antibody in synovial tissue from a 12-year-old girl with ANA+ oligoarticular JIA (no. 4, Table 3). The distribution of cells positive for CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 is shown in two different areas containing T and B cell aggregates (magnification × 10). (o, p) Different expression of CCR7 (red) and CCR5 (brown) in synovial membrane infiltrate (patient no. 1, Table 3) (magnification × 4.5). CCR7+ cells are observed exclusively in the perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate of the deep sublining layer (open rectangle). Conversely, CCR5-positive cells are prevalently observed at the level of the lining layer and superficial subintima (*) and in the perivascular infiltrates of the sublining layer (**). |
PMC1065323_F2_1643.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Expression of CD4, CD20, CD45RO, CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 in synovial tissue obtained from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) after synoviectomy. (a, b) Presence of CCR7+ cells (red) in the sublining layer of a synovial tissue characterised by a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate (scattered CD4+ cells, brown) from a 14-year-old girl with antinuclear antibody-positive (ANA+) oligoarticular JIA (no. 1, Table 3) (Magnification × 20). (c–n) Serial stainings with CD20, CD4, CCR7, CXCR3 and CCR5 monoclonal antibody in synovial tissue from a 12-year-old girl with ANA+ oligoarticular JIA (no. 4, Table 3). The distribution of cells positive for CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 is shown in two different areas containing T and B cell aggregates (magnification × 10). (o, p) Different expression of CCR7 (red) and CCR5 (brown) in synovial membrane infiltrate (patient no. 1, Table 3) (magnification × 4.5). CCR7+ cells are observed exclusively in the perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate of the deep sublining layer (open rectangle). Conversely, CCR5-positive cells are prevalently observed at the level of the lining layer and superficial subintima (*) and in the perivascular infiltrates of the sublining layer (**). |
PMC1065323_F2_1646.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Expression of CD4, CD20, CD45RO, CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 in synovial tissue obtained from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) after synoviectomy. (a, b) Presence of CCR7+ cells (red) in the sublining layer of a synovial tissue characterised by a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate (scattered CD4+ cells, brown) from a 14-year-old girl with antinuclear antibody-positive (ANA+) oligoarticular JIA (no. 1, Table 3) (Magnification × 20). (c–n) Serial stainings with CD20, CD4, CCR7, CXCR3 and CCR5 monoclonal antibody in synovial tissue from a 12-year-old girl with ANA+ oligoarticular JIA (no. 4, Table 3). The distribution of cells positive for CCR7, CCR5 and CXCR3 is shown in two different areas containing T and B cell aggregates (magnification × 10). (o, p) Different expression of CCR7 (red) and CCR5 (brown) in synovial membrane infiltrate (patient no. 1, Table 3) (magnification × 4.5). CCR7+ cells are observed exclusively in the perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate of the deep sublining layer (open rectangle). Conversely, CCR5-positive cells are prevalently observed at the level of the lining layer and superficial subintima (*) and in the perivascular infiltrates of the sublining layer (**). |
PMC1065329_F2_1655.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Normal human knee articular cartilage. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) image (a) of the cartilage is relatively thick and uniform. The pronounced banding pattern on the OCT image is due to the birefringence of the highly organized structure of the collagen (red arrows). The alternating maximum and minimum intensities are due to changes in back scattering as light travels through the tissue while the plane of light polarization rotates. Previous work has shown that it is due to the presence of organized collagen that alters the polarization state of the light. Note: darker gray scale represents higher-intensity back scattering. The corresponding histology is shown in (b). |
PMC1065329_F2_1654.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Normal human knee articular cartilage. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) image (a) of the cartilage is relatively thick and uniform. The pronounced banding pattern on the OCT image is due to the birefringence of the highly organized structure of the collagen (red arrows). The alternating maximum and minimum intensities are due to changes in back scattering as light travels through the tissue while the plane of light polarization rotates. Previous work has shown that it is due to the presence of organized collagen that alters the polarization state of the light. Note: darker gray scale represents higher-intensity back scattering. The corresponding histology is shown in (b). |
PMC1065329_F6_1657.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Optical coherence tomography image of cartilage from femur and patella consisting of adjacent areas of normal and diseased tissue. The banding pattern is attenuated and lost in diseased areas (on the right portion of each image). In addition, back-scattering intensity is abruptly reduced. |
PMC1065704_pbio-0030050-g002_1660.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Magnetic Resonance Imaging of BrainsThree-dimensional reconstruction of a reference bonobo (pygmy chimpanzee) brain (A) and a reference human brain (B) after magnetic resonance imaging and normalisation of absolute brain sizes. The virtual bonobo brain has been transformed into the virtual human brain using an elastic deformation algorithm. The local deformation vectors are colour-coded and projected onto the virtual human brain (C). The most dramatic changes in brain shape occur in (1) the ventro-orbital prefrontal cortex, (2) the ventral stream of the visual cortex, and (3) the hypothalamic neuroendocrine region.(Image: Karl Zilles, Hartmut Mohlberg, and Peter Pieperhoff, Research Center Jülich) |
PMC1065704_pbio-0030050-g002_1658.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Magnetic Resonance Imaging of BrainsThree-dimensional reconstruction of a reference bonobo (pygmy chimpanzee) brain (A) and a reference human brain (B) after magnetic resonance imaging and normalisation of absolute brain sizes. The virtual bonobo brain has been transformed into the virtual human brain using an elastic deformation algorithm. The local deformation vectors are colour-coded and projected onto the virtual human brain (C). The most dramatic changes in brain shape occur in (1) the ventro-orbital prefrontal cortex, (2) the ventral stream of the visual cortex, and (3) the hypothalamic neuroendocrine region.(Image: Karl Zilles, Hartmut Mohlberg, and Peter Pieperhoff, Research Center Jülich) |
PMC1069664_pmed-0020068-g001_1662.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Specialized Myofibers in a Mammalian Skeletal MuscleA cross-section of the gastrocnemius muscle of a mouse has been stained to detect myoglobin, which is found selectively in slow oxidative and fast oxidative myofibers (stained brown), but not in fast glycolytic myofibers (unstained). Human muscles exhibit a similar mosaic pattern. In response to sustained periods of motor nerve stimulation repeated daily for several weeks, the percentage of myofibers that contain myoglobin is increased, in synchrony with an increased abundance of mitochondria and a shift of myosin subtypes from fast glycolytic to slow or fast oxidative. |
PMC1074344_F2_1664.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | An example of histological sections of tongue stained with chloroacetate esterase for identification of mast cells in littermate controls (A) and Wf/Wf (B) mice. Note mast cells appear as brilliant red colour. Scale bar = 100µm. |
PMC1074344_F2_1663.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | An example of histological sections of tongue stained with chloroacetate esterase for identification of mast cells in littermate controls (A) and Wf/Wf (B) mice. Note mast cells appear as brilliant red colour. Scale bar = 100µm. |
PMC1074811_pbio-0030127-g003_1665.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Antarctic Circumpolar WaveIn 1996, oceanographers Warren White and Ray Peterson identified significant inter-annual variations in the atmospheric pressure at sea level, wind stress, sea surface temperature, and sea-ice extent over the Southern Ocean. They called this system of coupled anomalies the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave. This simplified schematic summarizes the inter-annual variations in sea surface temperature (red, warm; and blue, cold), atmospheric sea-level pressure (bold H and L), meridional wind stress (denoted by τ), and sea ice extent (gray lines), together with the mean course of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (green). Heavy black arrows depict the general eastward motion of anomalies, while other arrows indicate communications between the circumpolar current and the more northerly subtropical gyres. (Image: Warren White, http://jedac.ucsd.edu/ACW/index_research.html) |
PMC1074815_pbio-0030137-g003_1667.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Neuronal Odor Coding and Odor Space in Bees(A) Schematic view of odor processing in the honeybee brain. Some 60,000 odorant receptor cells are distributed along the antenna. These belong to several different types (illustrated with different colors), each responsive to a different set of chemicals. Axons from like receptors project to one or a few glomeruli in the antennal lobe. The glomerular map is organized so that similar odors are mapped to nearby spatial locations (yellow and red), while dissimilar odors stimulate glomeruli located further apart (blue). Axonal projections extend from the antennal lobe to higher processing centers, such as the calyces (CAL) of the mushroom bodies (MB). Some such projections might relay relatively unprocessed sensory information to the mushroom bodies (yellow, red, and blue), while others contain processed information based on lateral interactions between glomeruli (orange, between the yellow and red projections).(B) Putative three-dimensional odor space for bees. Guerrieri et al. [8] trained bees to associate one of 16 odors with a sucrose reward, and then faced bees with the other 15 odors, to see how similarly bees judged these to the training odor. Distances between these substances in a three-dimensional space predict the bee-subjective similarity of the odors. The most important axis corresponds to the carbon chain length of the substances tested; the other two dimensions separate substances according to functional group. Each word illustrates the spatial distribution of a group of substances with like functional group, but varying in chain length. (Image based on Figure 6 in [8].) |
PMC1079804_F4_1678.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Morpholino antisense knockdown of zNXT2 in transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing cmlc2-GFP and flk-RFP. zNXT2 knockdown causes pericardial edema (compare A, C, E, G with B, D, F, H), abnormal relative positions of two chambers and chamber dilation (compare insets in C-H showing CMLC2 promoter driven GFP expression patterns in myocardium of atriums and ventricles). Observation of endothelial cells at the atrioventricular boundary in living flk-1- RFP transgenic embryos allowing visualization of cardiac valve formation (I and J). Clustering of endothelial cells was clearly visible in the cardiac valve region in wild-type embryos (I, arrow) whereas injection of zNXT2 morpholino caused a failure of clustering of endocardial cells at the atrioventricular boundary (J). All embryos are lateral view, anterior to the left. a: atrium; v: ventricle; OT: outflow tract; A, C, E, G: uninjected wild-type embryos; B, D, F, H: morpholino-injected embryos. wt: wild type; dpf: days post fertilization; MO: zNXT2 morpholino. |
PMC1079804_F4_1672.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Morpholino antisense knockdown of zNXT2 in transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing cmlc2-GFP and flk-RFP. zNXT2 knockdown causes pericardial edema (compare A, C, E, G with B, D, F, H), abnormal relative positions of two chambers and chamber dilation (compare insets in C-H showing CMLC2 promoter driven GFP expression patterns in myocardium of atriums and ventricles). Observation of endothelial cells at the atrioventricular boundary in living flk-1- RFP transgenic embryos allowing visualization of cardiac valve formation (I and J). Clustering of endothelial cells was clearly visible in the cardiac valve region in wild-type embryos (I, arrow) whereas injection of zNXT2 morpholino caused a failure of clustering of endocardial cells at the atrioventricular boundary (J). All embryos are lateral view, anterior to the left. a: atrium; v: ventricle; OT: outflow tract; A, C, E, G: uninjected wild-type embryos; B, D, F, H: morpholino-injected embryos. wt: wild type; dpf: days post fertilization; MO: zNXT2 morpholino. |
PMC1079804_F4_1673.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Morpholino antisense knockdown of zNXT2 in transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing cmlc2-GFP and flk-RFP. zNXT2 knockdown causes pericardial edema (compare A, C, E, G with B, D, F, H), abnormal relative positions of two chambers and chamber dilation (compare insets in C-H showing CMLC2 promoter driven GFP expression patterns in myocardium of atriums and ventricles). Observation of endothelial cells at the atrioventricular boundary in living flk-1- RFP transgenic embryos allowing visualization of cardiac valve formation (I and J). Clustering of endothelial cells was clearly visible in the cardiac valve region in wild-type embryos (I, arrow) whereas injection of zNXT2 morpholino caused a failure of clustering of endocardial cells at the atrioventricular boundary (J). All embryos are lateral view, anterior to the left. a: atrium; v: ventricle; OT: outflow tract; A, C, E, G: uninjected wild-type embryos; B, D, F, H: morpholino-injected embryos. wt: wild type; dpf: days post fertilization; MO: zNXT2 morpholino. |
PMC1079804_F4_1677.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Morpholino antisense knockdown of zNXT2 in transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing cmlc2-GFP and flk-RFP. zNXT2 knockdown causes pericardial edema (compare A, C, E, G with B, D, F, H), abnormal relative positions of two chambers and chamber dilation (compare insets in C-H showing CMLC2 promoter driven GFP expression patterns in myocardium of atriums and ventricles). Observation of endothelial cells at the atrioventricular boundary in living flk-1- RFP transgenic embryos allowing visualization of cardiac valve formation (I and J). Clustering of endothelial cells was clearly visible in the cardiac valve region in wild-type embryos (I, arrow) whereas injection of zNXT2 morpholino caused a failure of clustering of endocardial cells at the atrioventricular boundary (J). All embryos are lateral view, anterior to the left. a: atrium; v: ventricle; OT: outflow tract; A, C, E, G: uninjected wild-type embryos; B, D, F, H: morpholino-injected embryos. wt: wild type; dpf: days post fertilization; MO: zNXT2 morpholino. |
PMC1079804_F4_1674.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Morpholino antisense knockdown of zNXT2 in transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing cmlc2-GFP and flk-RFP. zNXT2 knockdown causes pericardial edema (compare A, C, E, G with B, D, F, H), abnormal relative positions of two chambers and chamber dilation (compare insets in C-H showing CMLC2 promoter driven GFP expression patterns in myocardium of atriums and ventricles). Observation of endothelial cells at the atrioventricular boundary in living flk-1- RFP transgenic embryos allowing visualization of cardiac valve formation (I and J). Clustering of endothelial cells was clearly visible in the cardiac valve region in wild-type embryos (I, arrow) whereas injection of zNXT2 morpholino caused a failure of clustering of endocardial cells at the atrioventricular boundary (J). All embryos are lateral view, anterior to the left. a: atrium; v: ventricle; OT: outflow tract; A, C, E, G: uninjected wild-type embryos; B, D, F, H: morpholino-injected embryos. wt: wild type; dpf: days post fertilization; MO: zNXT2 morpholino. |
PMC1079804_F4_1669.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Morpholino antisense knockdown of zNXT2 in transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing cmlc2-GFP and flk-RFP. zNXT2 knockdown causes pericardial edema (compare A, C, E, G with B, D, F, H), abnormal relative positions of two chambers and chamber dilation (compare insets in C-H showing CMLC2 promoter driven GFP expression patterns in myocardium of atriums and ventricles). Observation of endothelial cells at the atrioventricular boundary in living flk-1- RFP transgenic embryos allowing visualization of cardiac valve formation (I and J). Clustering of endothelial cells was clearly visible in the cardiac valve region in wild-type embryos (I, arrow) whereas injection of zNXT2 morpholino caused a failure of clustering of endocardial cells at the atrioventricular boundary (J). All embryos are lateral view, anterior to the left. a: atrium; v: ventricle; OT: outflow tract; A, C, E, G: uninjected wild-type embryos; B, D, F, H: morpholino-injected embryos. wt: wild type; dpf: days post fertilization; MO: zNXT2 morpholino. |
PMC1079822_F2_1682.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Isolation of unc-4::GFP neurons by FACS. A. Fluorescence intensity profile of wildtype (non-GFP) cells. Boxed areas exclude autofluorescent7 cells (arrow). B. unc-4::GFP cells are gated to exclude propidium iodide-stained (non-viable) cells. C. Light scattering gate for GFP-positive cells (circle) to exclude cell clumps and debris. D. Combined fluorescence and DIC image of unc-4::GFP labeled motor neurons in L1 larva. (DA2 is not visible here.) Arrow points to embryo at stage (< 400 min) prior to unc-4::GFP expression. E, F. Fluorescence and DIC images of 24 hr culture from unc-4::GFP embryos. G. unc-4::GFP neurons after enrichment by FACS. Arrow heads point to rare (~10%) non-GFP cells. Scale bars are 5 microns. |
PMC1079822_F2_1684.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Isolation of unc-4::GFP neurons by FACS. A. Fluorescence intensity profile of wildtype (non-GFP) cells. Boxed areas exclude autofluorescent7 cells (arrow). B. unc-4::GFP cells are gated to exclude propidium iodide-stained (non-viable) cells. C. Light scattering gate for GFP-positive cells (circle) to exclude cell clumps and debris. D. Combined fluorescence and DIC image of unc-4::GFP labeled motor neurons in L1 larva. (DA2 is not visible here.) Arrow points to embryo at stage (< 400 min) prior to unc-4::GFP expression. E, F. Fluorescence and DIC images of 24 hr culture from unc-4::GFP embryos. G. unc-4::GFP neurons after enrichment by FACS. Arrow heads point to rare (~10%) non-GFP cells. Scale bars are 5 microns. |
PMC1079822_F2_1685.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Isolation of unc-4::GFP neurons by FACS. A. Fluorescence intensity profile of wildtype (non-GFP) cells. Boxed areas exclude autofluorescent7 cells (arrow). B. unc-4::GFP cells are gated to exclude propidium iodide-stained (non-viable) cells. C. Light scattering gate for GFP-positive cells (circle) to exclude cell clumps and debris. D. Combined fluorescence and DIC image of unc-4::GFP labeled motor neurons in L1 larva. (DA2 is not visible here.) Arrow points to embryo at stage (< 400 min) prior to unc-4::GFP expression. E, F. Fluorescence and DIC images of 24 hr culture from unc-4::GFP embryos. G. unc-4::GFP neurons after enrichment by FACS. Arrow heads point to rare (~10%) non-GFP cells. Scale bars are 5 microns. |
PMC1079822_F2_1686.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Isolation of unc-4::GFP neurons by FACS. A. Fluorescence intensity profile of wildtype (non-GFP) cells. Boxed areas exclude autofluorescent7 cells (arrow). B. unc-4::GFP cells are gated to exclude propidium iodide-stained (non-viable) cells. C. Light scattering gate for GFP-positive cells (circle) to exclude cell clumps and debris. D. Combined fluorescence and DIC image of unc-4::GFP labeled motor neurons in L1 larva. (DA2 is not visible here.) Arrow points to embryo at stage (< 400 min) prior to unc-4::GFP expression. E, F. Fluorescence and DIC images of 24 hr culture from unc-4::GFP embryos. G. unc-4::GFP neurons after enrichment by FACS. Arrow heads point to rare (~10%) non-GFP cells. Scale bars are 5 microns. |
PMC1079822_F2_1687.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Isolation of unc-4::GFP neurons by FACS. A. Fluorescence intensity profile of wildtype (non-GFP) cells. Boxed areas exclude autofluorescent7 cells (arrow). B. unc-4::GFP cells are gated to exclude propidium iodide-stained (non-viable) cells. C. Light scattering gate for GFP-positive cells (circle) to exclude cell clumps and debris. D. Combined fluorescence and DIC image of unc-4::GFP labeled motor neurons in L1 larva. (DA2 is not visible here.) Arrow points to embryo at stage (< 400 min) prior to unc-4::GFP expression. E, F. Fluorescence and DIC images of 24 hr culture from unc-4::GFP embryos. G. unc-4::GFP neurons after enrichment by FACS. Arrow heads point to rare (~10%) non-GFP cells. Scale bars are 5 microns. |
PMC1079854_F4_1690.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Optical sections of a pair of D. grandis cells. The series is in order from left to right of the images within a row and from top to bottom of the rows within the figure. Images are taken at 100 nm intervals. |
PMC1079854_F4_1689.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Optical sections of a pair of D. grandis cells. The series is in order from left to right of the images within a row and from top to bottom of the rows within the figure. Images are taken at 100 nm intervals. |
PMC1079854_F5_1691.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Optical sections of a pair of D. murrayi tetrads. The series is in order from left to right of the images within a row and from top to bottom of the rows within the figure. Images are taken at 100 nm intervals. |
PMC1079854_F6_1692.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Optical sections of a pair of D. radiopugnans cells. The series is in order from left to right of the images within a row and from top to bottom of the rows within the figure. Images are taken at 100 nm intervals. |
PMC1079854_F6_1693.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Optical sections of a pair of D. radiopugnans cells. The series is in order from left to right of the images within a row and from top to bottom of the rows within the figure. Images are taken at 100 nm intervals. |
PMC1079854_F9_1694.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | An epifluorescence image of Thermus aquaticus. |
PMC1079854_F10_1695.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Optical sections of a Rubrobacter radiotolerans cell. The series is in order from left to right of the images within a row and from top to bottom of the rows within the figure. Images are taken at 100 nm intervals. |
PMC1079861_F1_1696.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Preoperative anteroposterior radiograph of the elbow revealing fracture lateral condyle in association with posterolateral dislocation of elbow. |
PMC1079861_F2_1697.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Preoperative lateral radiograph of the elbow revealing elbow dislocation. |
PMC1079865_F2_1698.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Orbital anatomy. High-resolution axial T1-weighted native MRI of a volunteer without structural abnormalities at 3.0 Tesla. Structures removed during enucleation (globe, part of the optic nerve, insertions of the external eye muscles) are highlighted by the red ellipse. |
PMC1079867_F3_1700.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Electron microscopic appearance of the spinal motor neuron cytoskeleton. Embedment-free electron micrographs of two motor neurons within frog lumbar spinal cord extracted as described in Methods. The extracted spinal cord, from which the motor neurons were not isolated, was fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and embedded and sectioned in DGD. After removal of the embedment medium and repeated drying through the critical point, the sections were placed on Formvar- coated grids without staining and visualized by transmission electron microscopy. Nu = nuclear skeleton; nl = nuclear lamina; cy = cytoplasmic skeleton. Inset bar = 10 μm; at higher magnification, bar = 250 nm. |
PMC1079868_F7_1703.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Hyperosmotic stimulus increases VEGF expression within SON neurons. A-B: Immunostaining for VEGF in control (A) and 6 days osmotically stimulated adult rats (B). Stack confocal images (10 μm-thick) of SON neurons show that moderate VEGF immunostaining is localized to perinuclear, golgi-like structures in the control rat (A), whereas intense immunostaining is dispersed throughout the cytoplasm in the stimulated rat (B) (insets show higher magnification of immunostained neurons). C-D: In situ hybridization for VEGF mRNA in control (C) and 6 days osmotically stimulated adult rats (D). Light microscope micrographs of 20 μm-thick cryostat sections showing that the mRNA labeling detected within the SON is highly increased in the stimulated (D) as compared with the control (C) rat. OC: optic chiasma; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor. Scale bars: A-B = 100 μm; C-D = 100 μm; insets = 50 μm. |
PMC1079868_F7_1702.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Hyperosmotic stimulus increases VEGF expression within SON neurons. A-B: Immunostaining for VEGF in control (A) and 6 days osmotically stimulated adult rats (B). Stack confocal images (10 μm-thick) of SON neurons show that moderate VEGF immunostaining is localized to perinuclear, golgi-like structures in the control rat (A), whereas intense immunostaining is dispersed throughout the cytoplasm in the stimulated rat (B) (insets show higher magnification of immunostained neurons). C-D: In situ hybridization for VEGF mRNA in control (C) and 6 days osmotically stimulated adult rats (D). Light microscope micrographs of 20 μm-thick cryostat sections showing that the mRNA labeling detected within the SON is highly increased in the stimulated (D) as compared with the control (C) rat. OC: optic chiasma; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor. Scale bars: A-B = 100 μm; C-D = 100 μm; insets = 50 μm. |
PMC1079868_F7_1704.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Hyperosmotic stimulus increases VEGF expression within SON neurons. A-B: Immunostaining for VEGF in control (A) and 6 days osmotically stimulated adult rats (B). Stack confocal images (10 μm-thick) of SON neurons show that moderate VEGF immunostaining is localized to perinuclear, golgi-like structures in the control rat (A), whereas intense immunostaining is dispersed throughout the cytoplasm in the stimulated rat (B) (insets show higher magnification of immunostained neurons). C-D: In situ hybridization for VEGF mRNA in control (C) and 6 days osmotically stimulated adult rats (D). Light microscope micrographs of 20 μm-thick cryostat sections showing that the mRNA labeling detected within the SON is highly increased in the stimulated (D) as compared with the control (C) rat. OC: optic chiasma; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor. Scale bars: A-B = 100 μm; C-D = 100 μm; insets = 50 μm. |
PMC1079882_F2_1707.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | The effect of araC on the morphology of 4D/WT and D/v-src cells treated with or without 3 μM AA or DHA. 4D/WT cells (A, B, C) or D/v-src cells (D, E, F) were cultured in medium supplemented with 3 μM AA (B, E) or DHA (C, F) or a medium without the fatty acid supplementation (A, D) for 24 h. Cells were then treated with either 10 μM (4D/WT cells, A, B, C) or 2 μM (D/v-src cells, D, E, F) araC for an additional 24 h. Dead cells are indicated by the arrow signs. All photographs are at 200× magnification. |
PMC1079882_F2_1711.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | The effect of araC on the morphology of 4D/WT and D/v-src cells treated with or without 3 μM AA or DHA. 4D/WT cells (A, B, C) or D/v-src cells (D, E, F) were cultured in medium supplemented with 3 μM AA (B, E) or DHA (C, F) or a medium without the fatty acid supplementation (A, D) for 24 h. Cells were then treated with either 10 μM (4D/WT cells, A, B, C) or 2 μM (D/v-src cells, D, E, F) araC for an additional 24 h. Dead cells are indicated by the arrow signs. All photographs are at 200× magnification. |
PMC1079882_F2_1708.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | The effect of araC on the morphology of 4D/WT and D/v-src cells treated with or without 3 μM AA or DHA. 4D/WT cells (A, B, C) or D/v-src cells (D, E, F) were cultured in medium supplemented with 3 μM AA (B, E) or DHA (C, F) or a medium without the fatty acid supplementation (A, D) for 24 h. Cells were then treated with either 10 μM (4D/WT cells, A, B, C) or 2 μM (D/v-src cells, D, E, F) araC for an additional 24 h. Dead cells are indicated by the arrow signs. All photographs are at 200× magnification. |
PMC1079882_F2_1710.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | The effect of araC on the morphology of 4D/WT and D/v-src cells treated with or without 3 μM AA or DHA. 4D/WT cells (A, B, C) or D/v-src cells (D, E, F) were cultured in medium supplemented with 3 μM AA (B, E) or DHA (C, F) or a medium without the fatty acid supplementation (A, D) for 24 h. Cells were then treated with either 10 μM (4D/WT cells, A, B, C) or 2 μM (D/v-src cells, D, E, F) araC for an additional 24 h. Dead cells are indicated by the arrow signs. All photographs are at 200× magnification. |
PMC1079893_F1_1717.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Damage produced by each model of bladder damage and binding of Texas Red-labelled chondroitin sulphate to mouse bladder. Images in the first two columns are transmitted light images of bladder sections stained with H&E or Acid Alcian Blue to demonstrate bladder damage. Acid Alcian Blue binds to glycosaminoglycans and therefore stains the connective tissue and the "GAG Layer," which is indicated by arrows in the control image. The fluorescence images are digitally combined images of Hoechst 33258 fluorescence (blue) to show nuclei and Texas Red-labelled chondroitin sulphate (red). Arrows have been added to the fluorescence image of the protamine-treated bladder to show the location of the urothelium. From top to bottom, the rows show the controls, bladders treated with 1 mg/ml trypsin (30 min), 1 mg/ml protamine (10 min) and 10 mM HCl (10 min.) respectively. The fluorescence image of the control was digitally enhanced to demonstrate the small amount of binding that occurred, but which was undetectable at the settings used for the other images (Table 1). |
PMC1079893_F1_1721.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Damage produced by each model of bladder damage and binding of Texas Red-labelled chondroitin sulphate to mouse bladder. Images in the first two columns are transmitted light images of bladder sections stained with H&E or Acid Alcian Blue to demonstrate bladder damage. Acid Alcian Blue binds to glycosaminoglycans and therefore stains the connective tissue and the "GAG Layer," which is indicated by arrows in the control image. The fluorescence images are digitally combined images of Hoechst 33258 fluorescence (blue) to show nuclei and Texas Red-labelled chondroitin sulphate (red). Arrows have been added to the fluorescence image of the protamine-treated bladder to show the location of the urothelium. From top to bottom, the rows show the controls, bladders treated with 1 mg/ml trypsin (30 min), 1 mg/ml protamine (10 min) and 10 mM HCl (10 min.) respectively. The fluorescence image of the control was digitally enhanced to demonstrate the small amount of binding that occurred, but which was undetectable at the settings used for the other images (Table 1). |
PMC1079893_F1_1716.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Damage produced by each model of bladder damage and binding of Texas Red-labelled chondroitin sulphate to mouse bladder. Images in the first two columns are transmitted light images of bladder sections stained with H&E or Acid Alcian Blue to demonstrate bladder damage. Acid Alcian Blue binds to glycosaminoglycans and therefore stains the connective tissue and the "GAG Layer," which is indicated by arrows in the control image. The fluorescence images are digitally combined images of Hoechst 33258 fluorescence (blue) to show nuclei and Texas Red-labelled chondroitin sulphate (red). Arrows have been added to the fluorescence image of the protamine-treated bladder to show the location of the urothelium. From top to bottom, the rows show the controls, bladders treated with 1 mg/ml trypsin (30 min), 1 mg/ml protamine (10 min) and 10 mM HCl (10 min.) respectively. The fluorescence image of the control was digitally enhanced to demonstrate the small amount of binding that occurred, but which was undetectable at the settings used for the other images (Table 1). |
PMC1079893_F1_1715.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Damage produced by each model of bladder damage and binding of Texas Red-labelled chondroitin sulphate to mouse bladder. Images in the first two columns are transmitted light images of bladder sections stained with H&E or Acid Alcian Blue to demonstrate bladder damage. Acid Alcian Blue binds to glycosaminoglycans and therefore stains the connective tissue and the "GAG Layer," which is indicated by arrows in the control image. The fluorescence images are digitally combined images of Hoechst 33258 fluorescence (blue) to show nuclei and Texas Red-labelled chondroitin sulphate (red). Arrows have been added to the fluorescence image of the protamine-treated bladder to show the location of the urothelium. From top to bottom, the rows show the controls, bladders treated with 1 mg/ml trypsin (30 min), 1 mg/ml protamine (10 min) and 10 mM HCl (10 min.) respectively. The fluorescence image of the control was digitally enhanced to demonstrate the small amount of binding that occurred, but which was undetectable at the settings used for the other images (Table 1). |
PMC1079893_F1_1713.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Damage produced by each model of bladder damage and binding of Texas Red-labelled chondroitin sulphate to mouse bladder. Images in the first two columns are transmitted light images of bladder sections stained with H&E or Acid Alcian Blue to demonstrate bladder damage. Acid Alcian Blue binds to glycosaminoglycans and therefore stains the connective tissue and the "GAG Layer," which is indicated by arrows in the control image. The fluorescence images are digitally combined images of Hoechst 33258 fluorescence (blue) to show nuclei and Texas Red-labelled chondroitin sulphate (red). Arrows have been added to the fluorescence image of the protamine-treated bladder to show the location of the urothelium. From top to bottom, the rows show the controls, bladders treated with 1 mg/ml trypsin (30 min), 1 mg/ml protamine (10 min) and 10 mM HCl (10 min.) respectively. The fluorescence image of the control was digitally enhanced to demonstrate the small amount of binding that occurred, but which was undetectable at the settings used for the other images (Table 1). |
PMC1079893_F1_1714.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Damage produced by each model of bladder damage and binding of Texas Red-labelled chondroitin sulphate to mouse bladder. Images in the first two columns are transmitted light images of bladder sections stained with H&E or Acid Alcian Blue to demonstrate bladder damage. Acid Alcian Blue binds to glycosaminoglycans and therefore stains the connective tissue and the "GAG Layer," which is indicated by arrows in the control image. The fluorescence images are digitally combined images of Hoechst 33258 fluorescence (blue) to show nuclei and Texas Red-labelled chondroitin sulphate (red). Arrows have been added to the fluorescence image of the protamine-treated bladder to show the location of the urothelium. From top to bottom, the rows show the controls, bladders treated with 1 mg/ml trypsin (30 min), 1 mg/ml protamine (10 min) and 10 mM HCl (10 min.) respectively. The fluorescence image of the control was digitally enhanced to demonstrate the small amount of binding that occurred, but which was undetectable at the settings used for the other images (Table 1). |
PMC1079893_F1_1719.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Damage produced by each model of bladder damage and binding of Texas Red-labelled chondroitin sulphate to mouse bladder. Images in the first two columns are transmitted light images of bladder sections stained with H&E or Acid Alcian Blue to demonstrate bladder damage. Acid Alcian Blue binds to glycosaminoglycans and therefore stains the connective tissue and the "GAG Layer," which is indicated by arrows in the control image. The fluorescence images are digitally combined images of Hoechst 33258 fluorescence (blue) to show nuclei and Texas Red-labelled chondroitin sulphate (red). Arrows have been added to the fluorescence image of the protamine-treated bladder to show the location of the urothelium. From top to bottom, the rows show the controls, bladders treated with 1 mg/ml trypsin (30 min), 1 mg/ml protamine (10 min) and 10 mM HCl (10 min.) respectively. The fluorescence image of the control was digitally enhanced to demonstrate the small amount of binding that occurred, but which was undetectable at the settings used for the other images (Table 1). |
PMC1079899_F3_1727.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | MR data with aligned sonographical data. Shown are the corresponding MR data set of the pelvic floor to the US data set from Fig. 2. (a) shows the axial plane from the axial data set; (b) and (c) show the sagittal respectively coronal plane from the corresponding sagittal data set. (c) is shown only for illustration purposes due to the poor resolution. On the right side the original MR data set is shown and on the left side a cutout with the corresponding initial alignment. The capital letters indicate anatomical structures: A: anal region; B: bladder; C: coccyx; F: ischial tuberosity; L: lumbar vertebrae; S: symphysis; V: vaginal region. |
PMC1079899_F3_1722.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | MR data with aligned sonographical data. Shown are the corresponding MR data set of the pelvic floor to the US data set from Fig. 2. (a) shows the axial plane from the axial data set; (b) and (c) show the sagittal respectively coronal plane from the corresponding sagittal data set. (c) is shown only for illustration purposes due to the poor resolution. On the right side the original MR data set is shown and on the left side a cutout with the corresponding initial alignment. The capital letters indicate anatomical structures: A: anal region; B: bladder; C: coccyx; F: ischial tuberosity; L: lumbar vertebrae; S: symphysis; V: vaginal region. |
PMC1079899_F3_1723.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | MR data with aligned sonographical data. Shown are the corresponding MR data set of the pelvic floor to the US data set from Fig. 2. (a) shows the axial plane from the axial data set; (b) and (c) show the sagittal respectively coronal plane from the corresponding sagittal data set. (c) is shown only for illustration purposes due to the poor resolution. On the right side the original MR data set is shown and on the left side a cutout with the corresponding initial alignment. The capital letters indicate anatomical structures: A: anal region; B: bladder; C: coccyx; F: ischial tuberosity; L: lumbar vertebrae; S: symphysis; V: vaginal region. |
PMC1079899_F2_1730.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Sonographical data. Sonographical documentation method for examination of the pelvic floor in analogon to the usual used MR nomenclature [36, 37]. Shown is the filtered US data set: (a) axial, (left side: not filtered to show the enhancement induced by filtering) (b) sagittal and (c) coronal plane through the anal canal. A: the internal anal sphincter muscle; B: the external anal sphincter muscle (levator ani muscle); C: anal canal mucosa; D: rectum. |
PMC1079899_F2_1731.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Sonographical data. Sonographical documentation method for examination of the pelvic floor in analogon to the usual used MR nomenclature [36, 37]. Shown is the filtered US data set: (a) axial, (left side: not filtered to show the enhancement induced by filtering) (b) sagittal and (c) coronal plane through the anal canal. A: the internal anal sphincter muscle; B: the external anal sphincter muscle (levator ani muscle); C: anal canal mucosa; D: rectum. |
PMC1079899_F2_1729.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Sonographical data. Sonographical documentation method for examination of the pelvic floor in analogon to the usual used MR nomenclature [36, 37]. Shown is the filtered US data set: (a) axial, (left side: not filtered to show the enhancement induced by filtering) (b) sagittal and (c) coronal plane through the anal canal. A: the internal anal sphincter muscle; B: the external anal sphincter muscle (levator ani muscle); C: anal canal mucosa; D: rectum. |
PMC1079899_F2_1728.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Sonographical data. Sonographical documentation method for examination of the pelvic floor in analogon to the usual used MR nomenclature [36, 37]. Shown is the filtered US data set: (a) axial, (left side: not filtered to show the enhancement induced by filtering) (b) sagittal and (c) coronal plane through the anal canal. A: the internal anal sphincter muscle; B: the external anal sphincter muscle (levator ani muscle); C: anal canal mucosa; D: rectum. |
PMC1079905_F7_1732.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Histologic changes in a patient with CPLX and ESRD. Breast biopsy (benign) from a non-diabetic 60-year-old Caucasian female with an irregular breast mass 12 months prior to the development of clinical abdominal CPLX (multiple tumorous calcifications in the abdominal adipose tissue and skin ulceration). These tissue sections demonstrate the underlying systemic VOC of calciphylaxis. Her ulcerated area on the abdomen was not biopsied due to a possibility of aggravating tissue healing. Panel a: Demonstrates the H&E basophilic staining of intimal VOC in a small musculoelastic artery. Panel b: Demonstrates the medial fluorescent-like staining (due to inverted coloration of H & E basophilic staining) of VOC in an arteriole. Note the adjacent venule medial VOC staining. Venular VOC – thrombosis has not been as extensively studied as the arteriole and one must consider the possibility that VOC – thrombosis in the post-capillary venule may be important as the increased capillary edema and pressure may result in capillary endothelial dysfunction and promote an additive factor in the important role of subcutaneous ischemia and skin necrosis and ulceration. Note the panarteriolar involvement of the intima, media, and adventitia in the various vessels. Panel c: Demonstrates the H & E basophilic adventitial staining of VOC in an arteriole. |
PMC1079905_F7_1734.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Histologic changes in a patient with CPLX and ESRD. Breast biopsy (benign) from a non-diabetic 60-year-old Caucasian female with an irregular breast mass 12 months prior to the development of clinical abdominal CPLX (multiple tumorous calcifications in the abdominal adipose tissue and skin ulceration). These tissue sections demonstrate the underlying systemic VOC of calciphylaxis. Her ulcerated area on the abdomen was not biopsied due to a possibility of aggravating tissue healing. Panel a: Demonstrates the H&E basophilic staining of intimal VOC in a small musculoelastic artery. Panel b: Demonstrates the medial fluorescent-like staining (due to inverted coloration of H & E basophilic staining) of VOC in an arteriole. Note the adjacent venule medial VOC staining. Venular VOC – thrombosis has not been as extensively studied as the arteriole and one must consider the possibility that VOC – thrombosis in the post-capillary venule may be important as the increased capillary edema and pressure may result in capillary endothelial dysfunction and promote an additive factor in the important role of subcutaneous ischemia and skin necrosis and ulceration. Note the panarteriolar involvement of the intima, media, and adventitia in the various vessels. Panel c: Demonstrates the H & E basophilic adventitial staining of VOC in an arteriole. |
PMC1079905_F7_1735.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Histologic changes in a patient with CPLX and ESRD. Breast biopsy (benign) from a non-diabetic 60-year-old Caucasian female with an irregular breast mass 12 months prior to the development of clinical abdominal CPLX (multiple tumorous calcifications in the abdominal adipose tissue and skin ulceration). These tissue sections demonstrate the underlying systemic VOC of calciphylaxis. Her ulcerated area on the abdomen was not biopsied due to a possibility of aggravating tissue healing. Panel a: Demonstrates the H&E basophilic staining of intimal VOC in a small musculoelastic artery. Panel b: Demonstrates the medial fluorescent-like staining (due to inverted coloration of H & E basophilic staining) of VOC in an arteriole. Note the adjacent venule medial VOC staining. Venular VOC – thrombosis has not been as extensively studied as the arteriole and one must consider the possibility that VOC – thrombosis in the post-capillary venule may be important as the increased capillary edema and pressure may result in capillary endothelial dysfunction and promote an additive factor in the important role of subcutaneous ischemia and skin necrosis and ulceration. Note the panarteriolar involvement of the intima, media, and adventitia in the various vessels. Panel c: Demonstrates the H & E basophilic adventitial staining of VOC in an arteriole. |
PMC1079905_F10_1736.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Neuronal calciphylaxis. This image demonstrates not only medial calcification of an arteriole but also calcification of the epineurium of a peripheral neuronal unit within the subcutaneous tissue of a patient with systemic CPLX. This is from the same patient and breast biopsy tissue as in figure 7. Calcium stains black in this von Kossa stain. |
PMC1079913_F1_1737.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | 1A: Longitudinal scan of the patient's right iliac crest. The b-mode image shows a small subcutaneous onchocercoma. Measurement is shown in the largest transverse and longitudinal section of the nodule. In this homogenous onchocercoma no worm movements were detected. 1B: Longitudinal scan of the crena analis. A medium sized homogenous subcutaneous onchocercoma can be seen. As in image 1A no worm movements were detected. A differentiation of worm centre, corresponding to a coil of worms, from the capsule was not possible in this nodule. A lateral shadow is visible on both sides of the onchocercoma (yellow arrowheads) |
PMC1079913_F5_1739.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | 5A: Live adult female of O. volvulus of a placebo treated patient. A nucleus (nc) in the hypodermis of the body wall (lateral cord) is visible as sign of vitality of the worm. The intestine appears darker beside the two sections of the uterus. (Magnification × 40) 5B: Section of the same onchocercoma as seen in 5A. The nucleus (nc) is visible in the hypodermis. Intact microfilariae (mf) and pretzel stages (pz) are shown. (Magnification × 60) 5C: Part of the hypodermis and the cuticle of a female adult O. volvulus. The cuticle and the hypodermis appear intact and the nucleus (nc) as sign of vitality is clearly visible. (Magnification × 100). |
PMC1079913_F5_1740.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | 5A: Live adult female of O. volvulus of a placebo treated patient. A nucleus (nc) in the hypodermis of the body wall (lateral cord) is visible as sign of vitality of the worm. The intestine appears darker beside the two sections of the uterus. (Magnification × 40) 5B: Section of the same onchocercoma as seen in 5A. The nucleus (nc) is visible in the hypodermis. Intact microfilariae (mf) and pretzel stages (pz) are shown. (Magnification × 60) 5C: Part of the hypodermis and the cuticle of a female adult O. volvulus. The cuticle and the hypodermis appear intact and the nucleus (nc) as sign of vitality is clearly visible. (Magnification × 100). |
PMC1079925_F2_1742.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | A pre-surgical CT scan of the chest showing the tumour. |
PMC1079928_F2_1744.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Localisation of E-cadherin and integrin subunit αv. A-D: E-cadherin; E-H: integrin subunit αv, both detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Note that both adhesion molecules are located in all plasma membrane domains, including the apical one. Typical patterns are presented for apical (apical) and basal (basal) cell poles as well as for the middle part (mid) of cells. D,H: negative controls. |
PMC1079928_F2_1743.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Localisation of E-cadherin and integrin subunit αv. A-D: E-cadherin; E-H: integrin subunit αv, both detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Note that both adhesion molecules are located in all plasma membrane domains, including the apical one. Typical patterns are presented for apical (apical) and basal (basal) cell poles as well as for the middle part (mid) of cells. D,H: negative controls. |
PMC1079928_F2_1746.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Localisation of E-cadherin and integrin subunit αv. A-D: E-cadherin; E-H: integrin subunit αv, both detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Note that both adhesion molecules are located in all plasma membrane domains, including the apical one. Typical patterns are presented for apical (apical) and basal (basal) cell poles as well as for the middle part (mid) of cells. D,H: negative controls. |
PMC1079928_F2_1749.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Localisation of E-cadherin and integrin subunit αv. A-D: E-cadherin; E-H: integrin subunit αv, both detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Note that both adhesion molecules are located in all plasma membrane domains, including the apical one. Typical patterns are presented for apical (apical) and basal (basal) cell poles as well as for the middle part (mid) of cells. D,H: negative controls. |
PMC1079928_F2_1747.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Localisation of E-cadherin and integrin subunit αv. A-D: E-cadherin; E-H: integrin subunit αv, both detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Note that both adhesion molecules are located in all plasma membrane domains, including the apical one. Typical patterns are presented for apical (apical) and basal (basal) cell poles as well as for the middle part (mid) of cells. D,H: negative controls. |
PMC1079943_F5_1753.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Lung of SH rat exposed to 3 mg/kg (a) or 10 mg/kg (b) of RTD. A significant dose-effect relationship is seen for the number of macrophages loaded with PM after exposure to RTD. Slight to moderate quantities of PM are phagocytised by a small number of alveolar macrophages after exposure to the lower RTD dose (a; arrows) while exposure to 10 mg/kg of body weight of RTD resulted in a large number of alveolar macrophages loaded with PM mass (b; arrow). HE, magnification 500×. |
PMC1079943_F5_1754.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Lung of SH rat exposed to 3 mg/kg (a) or 10 mg/kg (b) of RTD. A significant dose-effect relationship is seen for the number of macrophages loaded with PM after exposure to RTD. Slight to moderate quantities of PM are phagocytised by a small number of alveolar macrophages after exposure to the lower RTD dose (a; arrows) while exposure to 10 mg/kg of body weight of RTD resulted in a large number of alveolar macrophages loaded with PM mass (b; arrow). HE, magnification 500×. |
PMC1079961_F3_1772.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Intracellular localization of replicated plasmid containing tandem lacO repeats by staining with an MPB-lacI fusion protein. HeLa cells were transfected with pSV2-dhfr-8.32 containing lacO tandem repeats and 24 h later were infected with 3 PFU per cell of vV5D4 expressing V5-tagged uracil DNA glycosylase. At 12 h after infection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, incubated with MBP-lacI and rabbit antibody to MBP (anti-MBP) and mouse monoclonal antibody to the V5 epitope (anti-V5) followed by Cy5-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG and Texas red dye conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG. Cells were counterstained with Hoechst dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Colors: deep blue, Hoechst dye; red, Texas red; white, Cy5; light blue, overlap of Texas red and Cy5; yellow, overlap of Hoechst and Cy5. |
PMC1079961_F3_1770.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Intracellular localization of replicated plasmid containing tandem lacO repeats by staining with an MPB-lacI fusion protein. HeLa cells were transfected with pSV2-dhfr-8.32 containing lacO tandem repeats and 24 h later were infected with 3 PFU per cell of vV5D4 expressing V5-tagged uracil DNA glycosylase. At 12 h after infection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, incubated with MBP-lacI and rabbit antibody to MBP (anti-MBP) and mouse monoclonal antibody to the V5 epitope (anti-V5) followed by Cy5-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG and Texas red dye conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG. Cells were counterstained with Hoechst dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Colors: deep blue, Hoechst dye; red, Texas red; white, Cy5; light blue, overlap of Texas red and Cy5; yellow, overlap of Hoechst and Cy5. |
PMC1079961_F3_1768.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Intracellular localization of replicated plasmid containing tandem lacO repeats by staining with an MPB-lacI fusion protein. HeLa cells were transfected with pSV2-dhfr-8.32 containing lacO tandem repeats and 24 h later were infected with 3 PFU per cell of vV5D4 expressing V5-tagged uracil DNA glycosylase. At 12 h after infection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, incubated with MBP-lacI and rabbit antibody to MBP (anti-MBP) and mouse monoclonal antibody to the V5 epitope (anti-V5) followed by Cy5-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG and Texas red dye conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG. Cells were counterstained with Hoechst dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Colors: deep blue, Hoechst dye; red, Texas red; white, Cy5; light blue, overlap of Texas red and Cy5; yellow, overlap of Hoechst and Cy5. |
PMC1079961_F4_1755.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Intracellular localization of replicated plasmid containing tandem lacO repeats using a lacI-GFP fusion protein. HeLa cells were transfected with pSV2-dhfr-8.32 containing tandem lacO repeats (top 2 panels) or p716 control plasmid (bottom 2 panels) and infected with vGFP-lacI. At 12 h after infection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with antibody to VAC RNA polymerase (anti-RNAP), followed by Alexa 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Cells were then stained with Hoechst dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Blue, Hoechst; red, Alexa 594; and green, GFP fluorescence. |
PMC1079961_F4_1757.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Intracellular localization of replicated plasmid containing tandem lacO repeats using a lacI-GFP fusion protein. HeLa cells were transfected with pSV2-dhfr-8.32 containing tandem lacO repeats (top 2 panels) or p716 control plasmid (bottom 2 panels) and infected with vGFP-lacI. At 12 h after infection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with antibody to VAC RNA polymerase (anti-RNAP), followed by Alexa 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Cells were then stained with Hoechst dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Blue, Hoechst; red, Alexa 594; and green, GFP fluorescence. |
PMC1079961_F4_1763.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Intracellular localization of replicated plasmid containing tandem lacO repeats using a lacI-GFP fusion protein. HeLa cells were transfected with pSV2-dhfr-8.32 containing tandem lacO repeats (top 2 panels) or p716 control plasmid (bottom 2 panels) and infected with vGFP-lacI. At 12 h after infection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with antibody to VAC RNA polymerase (anti-RNAP), followed by Alexa 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Cells were then stained with Hoechst dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Blue, Hoechst; red, Alexa 594; and green, GFP fluorescence. |
PMC1079961_F4_1766.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Intracellular localization of replicated plasmid containing tandem lacO repeats using a lacI-GFP fusion protein. HeLa cells were transfected with pSV2-dhfr-8.32 containing tandem lacO repeats (top 2 panels) or p716 control plasmid (bottom 2 panels) and infected with vGFP-lacI. At 12 h after infection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with antibody to VAC RNA polymerase (anti-RNAP), followed by Alexa 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Cells were then stained with Hoechst dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Blue, Hoechst; red, Alexa 594; and green, GFP fluorescence. |
PMC1079961_F4_1756.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Intracellular localization of replicated plasmid containing tandem lacO repeats using a lacI-GFP fusion protein. HeLa cells were transfected with pSV2-dhfr-8.32 containing tandem lacO repeats (top 2 panels) or p716 control plasmid (bottom 2 panels) and infected with vGFP-lacI. At 12 h after infection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with antibody to VAC RNA polymerase (anti-RNAP), followed by Alexa 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Cells were then stained with Hoechst dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Blue, Hoechst; red, Alexa 594; and green, GFP fluorescence. |
PMC1079961_F4_1760.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Intracellular localization of replicated plasmid containing tandem lacO repeats using a lacI-GFP fusion protein. HeLa cells were transfected with pSV2-dhfr-8.32 containing tandem lacO repeats (top 2 panels) or p716 control plasmid (bottom 2 panels) and infected with vGFP-lacI. At 12 h after infection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with antibody to VAC RNA polymerase (anti-RNAP), followed by Alexa 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Cells were then stained with Hoechst dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Blue, Hoechst; red, Alexa 594; and green, GFP fluorescence. |
PMC1079961_F4_1764.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Intracellular localization of replicated plasmid containing tandem lacO repeats using a lacI-GFP fusion protein. HeLa cells were transfected with pSV2-dhfr-8.32 containing tandem lacO repeats (top 2 panels) or p716 control plasmid (bottom 2 panels) and infected with vGFP-lacI. At 12 h after infection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with antibody to VAC RNA polymerase (anti-RNAP), followed by Alexa 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Cells were then stained with Hoechst dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Blue, Hoechst; red, Alexa 594; and green, GFP fluorescence. |
PMC1079961_F4_1762.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Intracellular localization of replicated plasmid containing tandem lacO repeats using a lacI-GFP fusion protein. HeLa cells were transfected with pSV2-dhfr-8.32 containing tandem lacO repeats (top 2 panels) or p716 control plasmid (bottom 2 panels) and infected with vGFP-lacI. At 12 h after infection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with antibody to VAC RNA polymerase (anti-RNAP), followed by Alexa 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Cells were then stained with Hoechst dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Blue, Hoechst; red, Alexa 594; and green, GFP fluorescence. |
PMC1079961_F4_1758.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Intracellular localization of replicated plasmid containing tandem lacO repeats using a lacI-GFP fusion protein. HeLa cells were transfected with pSV2-dhfr-8.32 containing tandem lacO repeats (top 2 panels) or p716 control plasmid (bottom 2 panels) and infected with vGFP-lacI. At 12 h after infection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with antibody to VAC RNA polymerase (anti-RNAP), followed by Alexa 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Cells were then stained with Hoechst dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Blue, Hoechst; red, Alexa 594; and green, GFP fluorescence. |
PMC1079961_F4_1759.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Intracellular localization of replicated plasmid containing tandem lacO repeats using a lacI-GFP fusion protein. HeLa cells were transfected with pSV2-dhfr-8.32 containing tandem lacO repeats (top 2 panels) or p716 control plasmid (bottom 2 panels) and infected with vGFP-lacI. At 12 h after infection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with antibody to VAC RNA polymerase (anti-RNAP), followed by Alexa 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Cells were then stained with Hoechst dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Blue, Hoechst; red, Alexa 594; and green, GFP fluorescence. |
PMC1079961_F4_1761.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Intracellular localization of replicated plasmid containing tandem lacO repeats using a lacI-GFP fusion protein. HeLa cells were transfected with pSV2-dhfr-8.32 containing tandem lacO repeats (top 2 panels) or p716 control plasmid (bottom 2 panels) and infected with vGFP-lacI. At 12 h after infection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with antibody to VAC RNA polymerase (anti-RNAP), followed by Alexa 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Cells were then stained with Hoechst dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Blue, Hoechst; red, Alexa 594; and green, GFP fluorescence. |
PMC1082910_F1_1773.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Immunohistochemical staining for STS of cumulus cells1A: ×400, 1B: ×1000 STS expression was present in all 9 samples of human cumulus cells that were immunohistochemically stained. The cytoplasm of the cumulus cells was stained by anti-human STS polyclonal antibody. |
PMC1082910_F1_1774.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Immunohistochemical staining for STS of cumulus cells1A: ×400, 1B: ×1000 STS expression was present in all 9 samples of human cumulus cells that were immunohistochemically stained. The cytoplasm of the cumulus cells was stained by anti-human STS polyclonal antibody. |
PMC1082912_F1_1775.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Ultrasonographic image of the case, monochorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancy, is demonstrating single chorionic cavity at 6 weeks of gestation (arrows). |
PMC1082912_F4_1778.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Computerized tomography of the infant at 3 months: two cystic masses in the middle lobe of the right lung, suggesting congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (arrows). |
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