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PMC1082913_F1_1787.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Electron microscope morphological observations of DEN2 virus particles. A) Typical viral particle in the extracellular environment (arrow; bar: 200 nm). B) Viral particles engulfed in an intracytoplasmic vacuole (arrow; bar: 50 nm). C) Membrane disruption of a vesicle containing a virus (arrow; bar: 100 nm). D) Fuzzy coated viral particles occur in the extracellular space (arrows; bar: 200 nm) E) A fuzzy coated viral particle showing an envelope with projections (arrow; bar: 100 nm). F) Immunofluorescence staining of DEN2 viral antigens at 4 h of culture. A diffuse and patchy pattern of fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm (arrows). × 1000. |
PMC1082913_F1_1783.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Electron microscope morphological observations of DEN2 virus particles. A) Typical viral particle in the extracellular environment (arrow; bar: 200 nm). B) Viral particles engulfed in an intracytoplasmic vacuole (arrow; bar: 50 nm). C) Membrane disruption of a vesicle containing a virus (arrow; bar: 100 nm). D) Fuzzy coated viral particles occur in the extracellular space (arrows; bar: 200 nm) E) A fuzzy coated viral particle showing an envelope with projections (arrow; bar: 100 nm). F) Immunofluorescence staining of DEN2 viral antigens at 4 h of culture. A diffuse and patchy pattern of fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm (arrows). × 1000. |
PMC1082913_F1_1785.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Electron microscope morphological observations of DEN2 virus particles. A) Typical viral particle in the extracellular environment (arrow; bar: 200 nm). B) Viral particles engulfed in an intracytoplasmic vacuole (arrow; bar: 50 nm). C) Membrane disruption of a vesicle containing a virus (arrow; bar: 100 nm). D) Fuzzy coated viral particles occur in the extracellular space (arrows; bar: 200 nm) E) A fuzzy coated viral particle showing an envelope with projections (arrow; bar: 100 nm). F) Immunofluorescence staining of DEN2 viral antigens at 4 h of culture. A diffuse and patchy pattern of fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm (arrows). × 1000. |
PMC1082913_F1_1786.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Electron microscope morphological observations of DEN2 virus particles. A) Typical viral particle in the extracellular environment (arrow; bar: 200 nm). B) Viral particles engulfed in an intracytoplasmic vacuole (arrow; bar: 50 nm). C) Membrane disruption of a vesicle containing a virus (arrow; bar: 100 nm). D) Fuzzy coated viral particles occur in the extracellular space (arrows; bar: 200 nm) E) A fuzzy coated viral particle showing an envelope with projections (arrow; bar: 100 nm). F) Immunofluorescence staining of DEN2 viral antigens at 4 h of culture. A diffuse and patchy pattern of fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm (arrows). × 1000. |
PMC1082913_F1_1782.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Electron microscope morphological observations of DEN2 virus particles. A) Typical viral particle in the extracellular environment (arrow; bar: 200 nm). B) Viral particles engulfed in an intracytoplasmic vacuole (arrow; bar: 50 nm). C) Membrane disruption of a vesicle containing a virus (arrow; bar: 100 nm). D) Fuzzy coated viral particles occur in the extracellular space (arrows; bar: 200 nm) E) A fuzzy coated viral particle showing an envelope with projections (arrow; bar: 100 nm). F) Immunofluorescence staining of DEN2 viral antigens at 4 h of culture. A diffuse and patchy pattern of fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm (arrows). × 1000. |
PMC1082913_F1_1784.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Electron microscope morphological observations of DEN2 virus particles. A) Typical viral particle in the extracellular environment (arrow; bar: 200 nm). B) Viral particles engulfed in an intracytoplasmic vacuole (arrow; bar: 50 nm). C) Membrane disruption of a vesicle containing a virus (arrow; bar: 100 nm). D) Fuzzy coated viral particles occur in the extracellular space (arrows; bar: 200 nm) E) A fuzzy coated viral particle showing an envelope with projections (arrow; bar: 100 nm). F) Immunofluorescence staining of DEN2 viral antigens at 4 h of culture. A diffuse and patchy pattern of fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm (arrows). × 1000. |
PMC1082913_F2_1781.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Electron microscope morphological observations of dense particles. A) Dense particles close to the cell surface (arrow; bar: 200 nm). B) Aggregated dense particles in the extracellular space (arrow). Note the nucleocapsid like center and the electron dense envelopes (bar: 100 nm). C) Dense particles showing a nucleocapsid like center surrounded by membrane layers and an electron dense material (arrow; bar: 100 nm). |
PMC1082913_F2_1780.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Electron microscope morphological observations of dense particles. A) Dense particles close to the cell surface (arrow; bar: 200 nm). B) Aggregated dense particles in the extracellular space (arrow). Note the nucleocapsid like center and the electron dense envelopes (bar: 100 nm). C) Dense particles showing a nucleocapsid like center surrounded by membrane layers and an electron dense material (arrow; bar: 100 nm). |
PMC1082913_F2_1779.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Electron microscope morphological observations of dense particles. A) Dense particles close to the cell surface (arrow; bar: 200 nm). B) Aggregated dense particles in the extracellular space (arrow). Note the nucleocapsid like center and the electron dense envelopes (bar: 100 nm). C) Dense particles showing a nucleocapsid like center surrounded by membrane layers and an electron dense material (arrow; bar: 100 nm). |
PMC1084330_pbio-0030156-g005_1788.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Simultaneous Visualization of GFP-LC3 Localization and MDC Staining (Red) in Uninfected and Poliovirus-Infected CellsForty-eight hours posttransfection of MCF-7 cells with a plasmid that expresses a GFP-LC3 fusion protein, cells were mock-infected or infected with poliovirus at an MOI of 50 PFU/cell for 5 h at 37 °C. After fixation, deconvolution microscopy was used to visualize fluorescence from both the MDC and GFP fluorescent molecules. MDC incubation was begun 1 h prior to fixation and visualization. |
PMC1084330_pbio-0030156-g005_1789.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Simultaneous Visualization of GFP-LC3 Localization and MDC Staining (Red) in Uninfected and Poliovirus-Infected CellsForty-eight hours posttransfection of MCF-7 cells with a plasmid that expresses a GFP-LC3 fusion protein, cells were mock-infected or infected with poliovirus at an MOI of 50 PFU/cell for 5 h at 37 °C. After fixation, deconvolution microscopy was used to visualize fluorescence from both the MDC and GFP fluorescent molecules. MDC incubation was begun 1 h prior to fixation and visualization. |
PMC1084330_pbio-0030156-g005_1791.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Simultaneous Visualization of GFP-LC3 Localization and MDC Staining (Red) in Uninfected and Poliovirus-Infected CellsForty-eight hours posttransfection of MCF-7 cells with a plasmid that expresses a GFP-LC3 fusion protein, cells were mock-infected or infected with poliovirus at an MOI of 50 PFU/cell for 5 h at 37 °C. After fixation, deconvolution microscopy was used to visualize fluorescence from both the MDC and GFP fluorescent molecules. MDC incubation was begun 1 h prior to fixation and visualization. |
PMC1084331_pbio-0030159-g002_1805.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Rescue of Ia Proprioceptive Afferent Projections into the Ventral Spinal Cord in Er81EWS-Pea3 Mutants(A–F) Morphological analysis of central projections at lumbar level L3 of PV+ DRG neurons (A–C) or all DRG sensory afferents after application of fluorescently labeled dextran to individual dorsal roots (D–F) in P0.5 (A–C) or P5 (D–F) wild-type (A and D), Er81−/− (B and E), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (C and F) mice. Red dotted line indicates intermediate level of spinal cord.(G–I) Analysis of vGlut1 immunocytochemistry in the ventral horn of P0.5 wild-type (G), Er81−/− (H), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (I) mice. Yellow dotted box in (A) indicates size of images shown in (G–I).(J–L) Schematic summary diagrams of the morphological rescue of Ia proprioceptive afferent projections (blue) into the ventral spinal cord observed in wild-type (J), Er81−/− (K), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (L) mice. DRG indicated by dotted grey line; motor neurons are shown in black.Scale bar: (A–C), 150 μm; (D–F), 160 μm; (G–I), 70 μm. |
PMC1084331_pbio-0030159-g002_1800.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Rescue of Ia Proprioceptive Afferent Projections into the Ventral Spinal Cord in Er81EWS-Pea3 Mutants(A–F) Morphological analysis of central projections at lumbar level L3 of PV+ DRG neurons (A–C) or all DRG sensory afferents after application of fluorescently labeled dextran to individual dorsal roots (D–F) in P0.5 (A–C) or P5 (D–F) wild-type (A and D), Er81−/− (B and E), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (C and F) mice. Red dotted line indicates intermediate level of spinal cord.(G–I) Analysis of vGlut1 immunocytochemistry in the ventral horn of P0.5 wild-type (G), Er81−/− (H), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (I) mice. Yellow dotted box in (A) indicates size of images shown in (G–I).(J–L) Schematic summary diagrams of the morphological rescue of Ia proprioceptive afferent projections (blue) into the ventral spinal cord observed in wild-type (J), Er81−/− (K), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (L) mice. DRG indicated by dotted grey line; motor neurons are shown in black.Scale bar: (A–C), 150 μm; (D–F), 160 μm; (G–I), 70 μm. |
PMC1084331_pbio-0030159-g002_1802.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Rescue of Ia Proprioceptive Afferent Projections into the Ventral Spinal Cord in Er81EWS-Pea3 Mutants(A–F) Morphological analysis of central projections at lumbar level L3 of PV+ DRG neurons (A–C) or all DRG sensory afferents after application of fluorescently labeled dextran to individual dorsal roots (D–F) in P0.5 (A–C) or P5 (D–F) wild-type (A and D), Er81−/− (B and E), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (C and F) mice. Red dotted line indicates intermediate level of spinal cord.(G–I) Analysis of vGlut1 immunocytochemistry in the ventral horn of P0.5 wild-type (G), Er81−/− (H), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (I) mice. Yellow dotted box in (A) indicates size of images shown in (G–I).(J–L) Schematic summary diagrams of the morphological rescue of Ia proprioceptive afferent projections (blue) into the ventral spinal cord observed in wild-type (J), Er81−/− (K), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (L) mice. DRG indicated by dotted grey line; motor neurons are shown in black.Scale bar: (A–C), 150 μm; (D–F), 160 μm; (G–I), 70 μm. |
PMC1084331_pbio-0030159-g002_1804.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Rescue of Ia Proprioceptive Afferent Projections into the Ventral Spinal Cord in Er81EWS-Pea3 Mutants(A–F) Morphological analysis of central projections at lumbar level L3 of PV+ DRG neurons (A–C) or all DRG sensory afferents after application of fluorescently labeled dextran to individual dorsal roots (D–F) in P0.5 (A–C) or P5 (D–F) wild-type (A and D), Er81−/− (B and E), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (C and F) mice. Red dotted line indicates intermediate level of spinal cord.(G–I) Analysis of vGlut1 immunocytochemistry in the ventral horn of P0.5 wild-type (G), Er81−/− (H), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (I) mice. Yellow dotted box in (A) indicates size of images shown in (G–I).(J–L) Schematic summary diagrams of the morphological rescue of Ia proprioceptive afferent projections (blue) into the ventral spinal cord observed in wild-type (J), Er81−/− (K), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (L) mice. DRG indicated by dotted grey line; motor neurons are shown in black.Scale bar: (A–C), 150 μm; (D–F), 160 μm; (G–I), 70 μm. |
PMC1084331_pbio-0030159-g002_1796.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Rescue of Ia Proprioceptive Afferent Projections into the Ventral Spinal Cord in Er81EWS-Pea3 Mutants(A–F) Morphological analysis of central projections at lumbar level L3 of PV+ DRG neurons (A–C) or all DRG sensory afferents after application of fluorescently labeled dextran to individual dorsal roots (D–F) in P0.5 (A–C) or P5 (D–F) wild-type (A and D), Er81−/− (B and E), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (C and F) mice. Red dotted line indicates intermediate level of spinal cord.(G–I) Analysis of vGlut1 immunocytochemistry in the ventral horn of P0.5 wild-type (G), Er81−/− (H), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (I) mice. Yellow dotted box in (A) indicates size of images shown in (G–I).(J–L) Schematic summary diagrams of the morphological rescue of Ia proprioceptive afferent projections (blue) into the ventral spinal cord observed in wild-type (J), Er81−/− (K), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (L) mice. DRG indicated by dotted grey line; motor neurons are shown in black.Scale bar: (A–C), 150 μm; (D–F), 160 μm; (G–I), 70 μm. |
PMC1084331_pbio-0030159-g002_1803.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Rescue of Ia Proprioceptive Afferent Projections into the Ventral Spinal Cord in Er81EWS-Pea3 Mutants(A–F) Morphological analysis of central projections at lumbar level L3 of PV+ DRG neurons (A–C) or all DRG sensory afferents after application of fluorescently labeled dextran to individual dorsal roots (D–F) in P0.5 (A–C) or P5 (D–F) wild-type (A and D), Er81−/− (B and E), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (C and F) mice. Red dotted line indicates intermediate level of spinal cord.(G–I) Analysis of vGlut1 immunocytochemistry in the ventral horn of P0.5 wild-type (G), Er81−/− (H), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (I) mice. Yellow dotted box in (A) indicates size of images shown in (G–I).(J–L) Schematic summary diagrams of the morphological rescue of Ia proprioceptive afferent projections (blue) into the ventral spinal cord observed in wild-type (J), Er81−/− (K), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (L) mice. DRG indicated by dotted grey line; motor neurons are shown in black.Scale bar: (A–C), 150 μm; (D–F), 160 μm; (G–I), 70 μm. |
PMC1084331_pbio-0030159-g002_1801.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Rescue of Ia Proprioceptive Afferent Projections into the Ventral Spinal Cord in Er81EWS-Pea3 Mutants(A–F) Morphological analysis of central projections at lumbar level L3 of PV+ DRG neurons (A–C) or all DRG sensory afferents after application of fluorescently labeled dextran to individual dorsal roots (D–F) in P0.5 (A–C) or P5 (D–F) wild-type (A and D), Er81−/− (B and E), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (C and F) mice. Red dotted line indicates intermediate level of spinal cord.(G–I) Analysis of vGlut1 immunocytochemistry in the ventral horn of P0.5 wild-type (G), Er81−/− (H), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (I) mice. Yellow dotted box in (A) indicates size of images shown in (G–I).(J–L) Schematic summary diagrams of the morphological rescue of Ia proprioceptive afferent projections (blue) into the ventral spinal cord observed in wild-type (J), Er81−/− (K), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (L) mice. DRG indicated by dotted grey line; motor neurons are shown in black.Scale bar: (A–C), 150 μm; (D–F), 160 μm; (G–I), 70 μm. |
PMC1084331_pbio-0030159-g002_1799.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Rescue of Ia Proprioceptive Afferent Projections into the Ventral Spinal Cord in Er81EWS-Pea3 Mutants(A–F) Morphological analysis of central projections at lumbar level L3 of PV+ DRG neurons (A–C) or all DRG sensory afferents after application of fluorescently labeled dextran to individual dorsal roots (D–F) in P0.5 (A–C) or P5 (D–F) wild-type (A and D), Er81−/− (B and E), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (C and F) mice. Red dotted line indicates intermediate level of spinal cord.(G–I) Analysis of vGlut1 immunocytochemistry in the ventral horn of P0.5 wild-type (G), Er81−/− (H), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (I) mice. Yellow dotted box in (A) indicates size of images shown in (G–I).(J–L) Schematic summary diagrams of the morphological rescue of Ia proprioceptive afferent projections (blue) into the ventral spinal cord observed in wild-type (J), Er81−/− (K), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (L) mice. DRG indicated by dotted grey line; motor neurons are shown in black.Scale bar: (A–C), 150 μm; (D–F), 160 μm; (G–I), 70 μm. |
PMC1084331_pbio-0030159-g002_1798.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Rescue of Ia Proprioceptive Afferent Projections into the Ventral Spinal Cord in Er81EWS-Pea3 Mutants(A–F) Morphological analysis of central projections at lumbar level L3 of PV+ DRG neurons (A–C) or all DRG sensory afferents after application of fluorescently labeled dextran to individual dorsal roots (D–F) in P0.5 (A–C) or P5 (D–F) wild-type (A and D), Er81−/− (B and E), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (C and F) mice. Red dotted line indicates intermediate level of spinal cord.(G–I) Analysis of vGlut1 immunocytochemistry in the ventral horn of P0.5 wild-type (G), Er81−/− (H), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (I) mice. Yellow dotted box in (A) indicates size of images shown in (G–I).(J–L) Schematic summary diagrams of the morphological rescue of Ia proprioceptive afferent projections (blue) into the ventral spinal cord observed in wild-type (J), Er81−/− (K), and Er81EWS-Pea3/− (L) mice. DRG indicated by dotted grey line; motor neurons are shown in black.Scale bar: (A–C), 150 μm; (D–F), 160 μm; (G–I), 70 μm. |
PMC1084335_pbio-0030157-g001_1813.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | 24-Color 3D FISH Representation and Classification of Chromosomes in a Human G0 Fibroblast Nucleus(A) A deconvoluted mid-plane nuclear section recorded by wide-field microscopy in eight channels: one channel for DAPI (DNA counterstain) and seven channels for the following fluorochromes: diethylaminocoumarin (Deac), Spectrum Green (SG), and the cyanine dyes Cy3, Cy3.5, Cy5, Cy5.5, and Cy7. Each channel represents the painting of a CT subset with the respective fluorochrome. The combinatorial labeling scheme is described in Materials and Methods. RGB images of the 24 differently labeled chromosome types (1–22, X, and Y) were produced by superposition of the seven channels (bottom right).(B) False color representation of all CTs visible in this mid-section after classification with the program goldFISH.(C) 3D reconstruction of the complete CT arrangement in the nucleus viewed from different angles.(D) Simulation of a human fibroblast model nucleus according to the SCD model (see Materials and Methods). The first image shows 46 statistically placed rods representing the 46 human chromatids. The next three images simulate the decondensation process and show the resulting CT arrangement obtained after different numbers of Monte Carlo relaxation steps (200, 1,000, and 400,000). This set of figures is taken from Video S1. |
PMC1084335_pbio-0030157-g001_1806.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | 24-Color 3D FISH Representation and Classification of Chromosomes in a Human G0 Fibroblast Nucleus(A) A deconvoluted mid-plane nuclear section recorded by wide-field microscopy in eight channels: one channel for DAPI (DNA counterstain) and seven channels for the following fluorochromes: diethylaminocoumarin (Deac), Spectrum Green (SG), and the cyanine dyes Cy3, Cy3.5, Cy5, Cy5.5, and Cy7. Each channel represents the painting of a CT subset with the respective fluorochrome. The combinatorial labeling scheme is described in Materials and Methods. RGB images of the 24 differently labeled chromosome types (1–22, X, and Y) were produced by superposition of the seven channels (bottom right).(B) False color representation of all CTs visible in this mid-section after classification with the program goldFISH.(C) 3D reconstruction of the complete CT arrangement in the nucleus viewed from different angles.(D) Simulation of a human fibroblast model nucleus according to the SCD model (see Materials and Methods). The first image shows 46 statistically placed rods representing the 46 human chromatids. The next three images simulate the decondensation process and show the resulting CT arrangement obtained after different numbers of Monte Carlo relaxation steps (200, 1,000, and 400,000). This set of figures is taken from Video S1. |
PMC1084335_pbio-0030157-g001_1807.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | 24-Color 3D FISH Representation and Classification of Chromosomes in a Human G0 Fibroblast Nucleus(A) A deconvoluted mid-plane nuclear section recorded by wide-field microscopy in eight channels: one channel for DAPI (DNA counterstain) and seven channels for the following fluorochromes: diethylaminocoumarin (Deac), Spectrum Green (SG), and the cyanine dyes Cy3, Cy3.5, Cy5, Cy5.5, and Cy7. Each channel represents the painting of a CT subset with the respective fluorochrome. The combinatorial labeling scheme is described in Materials and Methods. RGB images of the 24 differently labeled chromosome types (1–22, X, and Y) were produced by superposition of the seven channels (bottom right).(B) False color representation of all CTs visible in this mid-section after classification with the program goldFISH.(C) 3D reconstruction of the complete CT arrangement in the nucleus viewed from different angles.(D) Simulation of a human fibroblast model nucleus according to the SCD model (see Materials and Methods). The first image shows 46 statistically placed rods representing the 46 human chromatids. The next three images simulate the decondensation process and show the resulting CT arrangement obtained after different numbers of Monte Carlo relaxation steps (200, 1,000, and 400,000). This set of figures is taken from Video S1. |
PMC1084335_pbio-0030157-g001_1812.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | 24-Color 3D FISH Representation and Classification of Chromosomes in a Human G0 Fibroblast Nucleus(A) A deconvoluted mid-plane nuclear section recorded by wide-field microscopy in eight channels: one channel for DAPI (DNA counterstain) and seven channels for the following fluorochromes: diethylaminocoumarin (Deac), Spectrum Green (SG), and the cyanine dyes Cy3, Cy3.5, Cy5, Cy5.5, and Cy7. Each channel represents the painting of a CT subset with the respective fluorochrome. The combinatorial labeling scheme is described in Materials and Methods. RGB images of the 24 differently labeled chromosome types (1–22, X, and Y) were produced by superposition of the seven channels (bottom right).(B) False color representation of all CTs visible in this mid-section after classification with the program goldFISH.(C) 3D reconstruction of the complete CT arrangement in the nucleus viewed from different angles.(D) Simulation of a human fibroblast model nucleus according to the SCD model (see Materials and Methods). The first image shows 46 statistically placed rods representing the 46 human chromatids. The next three images simulate the decondensation process and show the resulting CT arrangement obtained after different numbers of Monte Carlo relaxation steps (200, 1,000, and 400,000). This set of figures is taken from Video S1. |
PMC1084335_pbio-0030157-g001_1810.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | 24-Color 3D FISH Representation and Classification of Chromosomes in a Human G0 Fibroblast Nucleus(A) A deconvoluted mid-plane nuclear section recorded by wide-field microscopy in eight channels: one channel for DAPI (DNA counterstain) and seven channels for the following fluorochromes: diethylaminocoumarin (Deac), Spectrum Green (SG), and the cyanine dyes Cy3, Cy3.5, Cy5, Cy5.5, and Cy7. Each channel represents the painting of a CT subset with the respective fluorochrome. The combinatorial labeling scheme is described in Materials and Methods. RGB images of the 24 differently labeled chromosome types (1–22, X, and Y) were produced by superposition of the seven channels (bottom right).(B) False color representation of all CTs visible in this mid-section after classification with the program goldFISH.(C) 3D reconstruction of the complete CT arrangement in the nucleus viewed from different angles.(D) Simulation of a human fibroblast model nucleus according to the SCD model (see Materials and Methods). The first image shows 46 statistically placed rods representing the 46 human chromatids. The next three images simulate the decondensation process and show the resulting CT arrangement obtained after different numbers of Monte Carlo relaxation steps (200, 1,000, and 400,000). This set of figures is taken from Video S1. |
PMC1084335_pbio-0030157-g001_1808.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | 24-Color 3D FISH Representation and Classification of Chromosomes in a Human G0 Fibroblast Nucleus(A) A deconvoluted mid-plane nuclear section recorded by wide-field microscopy in eight channels: one channel for DAPI (DNA counterstain) and seven channels for the following fluorochromes: diethylaminocoumarin (Deac), Spectrum Green (SG), and the cyanine dyes Cy3, Cy3.5, Cy5, Cy5.5, and Cy7. Each channel represents the painting of a CT subset with the respective fluorochrome. The combinatorial labeling scheme is described in Materials and Methods. RGB images of the 24 differently labeled chromosome types (1–22, X, and Y) were produced by superposition of the seven channels (bottom right).(B) False color representation of all CTs visible in this mid-section after classification with the program goldFISH.(C) 3D reconstruction of the complete CT arrangement in the nucleus viewed from different angles.(D) Simulation of a human fibroblast model nucleus according to the SCD model (see Materials and Methods). The first image shows 46 statistically placed rods representing the 46 human chromatids. The next three images simulate the decondensation process and show the resulting CT arrangement obtained after different numbers of Monte Carlo relaxation steps (200, 1,000, and 400,000). This set of figures is taken from Video S1. |
PMC1084356_F1_1816.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Example of a DTI curve analysis. It was manually positioned a region of interest (ROI) at the level of the mitral annulus and three others in the 3 segments of each wall (following the ASE left ventricular segmentation) IVC: peak of velocity recorded at the isivolumic contraction time S: peak of velocity recorded in systole IVR: peak velocity recorded in isvolumic relaxation time E: peak velocity in early diastole A: peak velocity in end-diastole |
PMC1084356_F1_1815.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Example of a DTI curve analysis. It was manually positioned a region of interest (ROI) at the level of the mitral annulus and three others in the 3 segments of each wall (following the ASE left ventricular segmentation) IVC: peak of velocity recorded at the isivolumic contraction time S: peak of velocity recorded in systole IVR: peak velocity recorded in isvolumic relaxation time E: peak velocity in early diastole A: peak velocity in end-diastole |
PMC1084359_F3_1817.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | IDR/A and IDR/B-specific anti TPO aAbs mainly recognize the same regions on hTPO: the binding strength makes the difference. IDR/A- and IDR/B- specific epitopes (left and right panel respectively) are globally composed by the same peptidic regions on hTPO. Region 599–617 (in orange) represents the amino acid sequence predominantly recognized by IDR/A-specific anti-TPO aAbs (as illustrated by three yellow lines on the left panel). On the hand, IDR/B-specific anti-TPO aAbs bind several regions widely spread on the IDR. The immunodominant binding surface (in blue) and region 599–617, composed the IDR/B-specific epitopes as shown by the yellow lines which illustrate the contact points on hTPO. As not shown in the figure, the CCP-like domain may contribute to the immunodominant epitopes. |
PMC1084363_F5_1819.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Histology following hyperoxic injury. Hematoxylin-eosin stained lung sections of (a) IGF-1R+/+, and (b) IGF-1Rneo/- mice following 72 h of hyperoxic exposure, illustrating perivascular and peribronchiolar edema as indicated by asterisks. Magnification: 10× objective. Representative histology of lung sections demonstrates (c) focal alveolar hemorrhages (black arrow) and hyaline membrane formation (gray arrow) in IGF-1R+/+ lungs, and (d) minimal lesions in IGF-1Rneo/- mice. Magnification: 40× objective. |
PMC1084363_F5_1821.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Histology following hyperoxic injury. Hematoxylin-eosin stained lung sections of (a) IGF-1R+/+, and (b) IGF-1Rneo/- mice following 72 h of hyperoxic exposure, illustrating perivascular and peribronchiolar edema as indicated by asterisks. Magnification: 10× objective. Representative histology of lung sections demonstrates (c) focal alveolar hemorrhages (black arrow) and hyaline membrane formation (gray arrow) in IGF-1R+/+ lungs, and (d) minimal lesions in IGF-1Rneo/- mice. Magnification: 40× objective. |
PMC1084363_F5_1820.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Histology following hyperoxic injury. Hematoxylin-eosin stained lung sections of (a) IGF-1R+/+, and (b) IGF-1Rneo/- mice following 72 h of hyperoxic exposure, illustrating perivascular and peribronchiolar edema as indicated by asterisks. Magnification: 10× objective. Representative histology of lung sections demonstrates (c) focal alveolar hemorrhages (black arrow) and hyaline membrane formation (gray arrow) in IGF-1R+/+ lungs, and (d) minimal lesions in IGF-1Rneo/- mice. Magnification: 40× objective. |
PMC1087208_pmed-0020103-g002_1830.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Immunohistochemical Detection of Neural Markers and Insulin during Stages 1–4 of Human Neural Progenitor Cell DifferentiationImmunofluorescent images were obtained by confocal microscopy and are representative of at least ten samples for each antibody. We detected insulin in only stage 4 IPCs, consistent with RT-PCR results. Distribution of insulin staining is localized in the cytoplasm. Immunofluorescent detection of Ki67, a nuclear marker of proliferating cells, showed stage 4 IPCs are predominantly non-proliferating, similar to mature pancreatic islets. Original magnification, 630×. |
PMC1087208_pmed-0020103-g002_1827.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Immunohistochemical Detection of Neural Markers and Insulin during Stages 1–4 of Human Neural Progenitor Cell DifferentiationImmunofluorescent images were obtained by confocal microscopy and are representative of at least ten samples for each antibody. We detected insulin in only stage 4 IPCs, consistent with RT-PCR results. Distribution of insulin staining is localized in the cytoplasm. Immunofluorescent detection of Ki67, a nuclear marker of proliferating cells, showed stage 4 IPCs are predominantly non-proliferating, similar to mature pancreatic islets. Original magnification, 630×. |
PMC1087208_pmed-0020103-g002_1825.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Immunohistochemical Detection of Neural Markers and Insulin during Stages 1–4 of Human Neural Progenitor Cell DifferentiationImmunofluorescent images were obtained by confocal microscopy and are representative of at least ten samples for each antibody. We detected insulin in only stage 4 IPCs, consistent with RT-PCR results. Distribution of insulin staining is localized in the cytoplasm. Immunofluorescent detection of Ki67, a nuclear marker of proliferating cells, showed stage 4 IPCs are predominantly non-proliferating, similar to mature pancreatic islets. Original magnification, 630×. |
PMC1087480_F3_1831.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Intracellular localization of recombinant Δ51CB. LCLC-103H cells with transient Δ51CB-EGFP expression revealed an intensive mitochondrial distribution of the fluorescence signals. Beside a slight cytoplasmic background there was also a signal level in the nucleoplasm, which reached ~40% of the mitochondrial fluorescence intensity. The nucleoli were lacking any fluorescence. A profile cut across the cell elucidates the intensity proportions. The arrow tips mark the nuclear boundary. The intensity gap within this region represents a transected nucleolus. For deconvolution, 23 optical sections were used, which have been acquired with a distance of 200 nm. WFM; obj. 63×/1.4 Oil. |
PMC1087480_F4_1841.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Intracellular localization of recombinant CB(SC). Transient overexpression in LCLC-103H cells visualized by WFM (A-F) or OPM (G, H). A, B. Cells expressing CB(SC)-EGFP (green) were counterstained with Hoechst33342 (blue) and LysoTracker Red (red). Diffuse, vesicular, and granular EGFP fluorescence signals were found in the cytoplasm and highly enriched inside the nucleus sparing out the nucleoli as indicated by the DNA staining. The reticular and vesicular staining of the lysosomal marker adjacent to the nuclear indentation did not overlap with EGFP signals. Obj. 40×/1.30 Oil. Processing of recombinant CB(SC) and influence of the fluorescent protein marker or the total molecule size on its localization were proven by differential tagging (N- or C-terminus, respectively) as well as by means of immunocytochemistry using a N-terminal myc-epitope. C, D. Double-tagged ECFP-CB(SC)-EYFP was distributed mainly in the nucleus analogously to CB(SC), which was marked at its C-terminus only. Accumulates were found within the nucleus and adjacent to it. Fluorescence also appeared in the ring shaped midbody matrix (enlarged region in the upper right corner). Obj. 40×/0.60; processed by deconvolution. E, F. Cells coexpressing myc-CB(SC) and CB(SC)-EGFP were fixed by acetone/methanol and immunostained against myc and GFP. A tight colocalization of both was found (E and F); the constructs were found mainly in the nucleus and stained the midbody (marked by the arrowhead; see inset). Obj. 40×/0.60. G, H. Optical sections of CB(SC)-EYFP expressing cells were subjected to spatial reconstruction (G: 3D-visualisation; H: orthogonal projection). Isosurfaces obtained by arbitrary fluorescence intensity thresholds represent distinct compartments (granules: opaque; nucleus and midbody: transparent). In the given cellular state, only a weak expression in the cytoplasm is found. The main signals arise from granular inclusions within the nucleus including distinct regions inside the nucleoli (marked by dashed lines in H) as well as from enrichment in the midbody (arrow). Obj. 63×/1.32 Oil. ROI: 72 × 59 × 11 μm3 (= 464 × 380 × 25 voxels). |
PMC1087480_F4_1840.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Intracellular localization of recombinant CB(SC). Transient overexpression in LCLC-103H cells visualized by WFM (A-F) or OPM (G, H). A, B. Cells expressing CB(SC)-EGFP (green) were counterstained with Hoechst33342 (blue) and LysoTracker Red (red). Diffuse, vesicular, and granular EGFP fluorescence signals were found in the cytoplasm and highly enriched inside the nucleus sparing out the nucleoli as indicated by the DNA staining. The reticular and vesicular staining of the lysosomal marker adjacent to the nuclear indentation did not overlap with EGFP signals. Obj. 40×/1.30 Oil. Processing of recombinant CB(SC) and influence of the fluorescent protein marker or the total molecule size on its localization were proven by differential tagging (N- or C-terminus, respectively) as well as by means of immunocytochemistry using a N-terminal myc-epitope. C, D. Double-tagged ECFP-CB(SC)-EYFP was distributed mainly in the nucleus analogously to CB(SC), which was marked at its C-terminus only. Accumulates were found within the nucleus and adjacent to it. Fluorescence also appeared in the ring shaped midbody matrix (enlarged region in the upper right corner). Obj. 40×/0.60; processed by deconvolution. E, F. Cells coexpressing myc-CB(SC) and CB(SC)-EGFP were fixed by acetone/methanol and immunostained against myc and GFP. A tight colocalization of both was found (E and F); the constructs were found mainly in the nucleus and stained the midbody (marked by the arrowhead; see inset). Obj. 40×/0.60. G, H. Optical sections of CB(SC)-EYFP expressing cells were subjected to spatial reconstruction (G: 3D-visualisation; H: orthogonal projection). Isosurfaces obtained by arbitrary fluorescence intensity thresholds represent distinct compartments (granules: opaque; nucleus and midbody: transparent). In the given cellular state, only a weak expression in the cytoplasm is found. The main signals arise from granular inclusions within the nucleus including distinct regions inside the nucleoli (marked by dashed lines in H) as well as from enrichment in the midbody (arrow). Obj. 63×/1.32 Oil. ROI: 72 × 59 × 11 μm3 (= 464 × 380 × 25 voxels). |
PMC1087480_F4_1843.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Intracellular localization of recombinant CB(SC). Transient overexpression in LCLC-103H cells visualized by WFM (A-F) or OPM (G, H). A, B. Cells expressing CB(SC)-EGFP (green) were counterstained with Hoechst33342 (blue) and LysoTracker Red (red). Diffuse, vesicular, and granular EGFP fluorescence signals were found in the cytoplasm and highly enriched inside the nucleus sparing out the nucleoli as indicated by the DNA staining. The reticular and vesicular staining of the lysosomal marker adjacent to the nuclear indentation did not overlap with EGFP signals. Obj. 40×/1.30 Oil. Processing of recombinant CB(SC) and influence of the fluorescent protein marker or the total molecule size on its localization were proven by differential tagging (N- or C-terminus, respectively) as well as by means of immunocytochemistry using a N-terminal myc-epitope. C, D. Double-tagged ECFP-CB(SC)-EYFP was distributed mainly in the nucleus analogously to CB(SC), which was marked at its C-terminus only. Accumulates were found within the nucleus and adjacent to it. Fluorescence also appeared in the ring shaped midbody matrix (enlarged region in the upper right corner). Obj. 40×/0.60; processed by deconvolution. E, F. Cells coexpressing myc-CB(SC) and CB(SC)-EGFP were fixed by acetone/methanol and immunostained against myc and GFP. A tight colocalization of both was found (E and F); the constructs were found mainly in the nucleus and stained the midbody (marked by the arrowhead; see inset). Obj. 40×/0.60. G, H. Optical sections of CB(SC)-EYFP expressing cells were subjected to spatial reconstruction (G: 3D-visualisation; H: orthogonal projection). Isosurfaces obtained by arbitrary fluorescence intensity thresholds represent distinct compartments (granules: opaque; nucleus and midbody: transparent). In the given cellular state, only a weak expression in the cytoplasm is found. The main signals arise from granular inclusions within the nucleus including distinct regions inside the nucleoli (marked by dashed lines in H) as well as from enrichment in the midbody (arrow). Obj. 63×/1.32 Oil. ROI: 72 × 59 × 11 μm3 (= 464 × 380 × 25 voxels). |
PMC1087480_F4_1837.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Intracellular localization of recombinant CB(SC). Transient overexpression in LCLC-103H cells visualized by WFM (A-F) or OPM (G, H). A, B. Cells expressing CB(SC)-EGFP (green) were counterstained with Hoechst33342 (blue) and LysoTracker Red (red). Diffuse, vesicular, and granular EGFP fluorescence signals were found in the cytoplasm and highly enriched inside the nucleus sparing out the nucleoli as indicated by the DNA staining. The reticular and vesicular staining of the lysosomal marker adjacent to the nuclear indentation did not overlap with EGFP signals. Obj. 40×/1.30 Oil. Processing of recombinant CB(SC) and influence of the fluorescent protein marker or the total molecule size on its localization were proven by differential tagging (N- or C-terminus, respectively) as well as by means of immunocytochemistry using a N-terminal myc-epitope. C, D. Double-tagged ECFP-CB(SC)-EYFP was distributed mainly in the nucleus analogously to CB(SC), which was marked at its C-terminus only. Accumulates were found within the nucleus and adjacent to it. Fluorescence also appeared in the ring shaped midbody matrix (enlarged region in the upper right corner). Obj. 40×/0.60; processed by deconvolution. E, F. Cells coexpressing myc-CB(SC) and CB(SC)-EGFP were fixed by acetone/methanol and immunostained against myc and GFP. A tight colocalization of both was found (E and F); the constructs were found mainly in the nucleus and stained the midbody (marked by the arrowhead; see inset). Obj. 40×/0.60. G, H. Optical sections of CB(SC)-EYFP expressing cells were subjected to spatial reconstruction (G: 3D-visualisation; H: orthogonal projection). Isosurfaces obtained by arbitrary fluorescence intensity thresholds represent distinct compartments (granules: opaque; nucleus and midbody: transparent). In the given cellular state, only a weak expression in the cytoplasm is found. The main signals arise from granular inclusions within the nucleus including distinct regions inside the nucleoli (marked by dashed lines in H) as well as from enrichment in the midbody (arrow). Obj. 63×/1.32 Oil. ROI: 72 × 59 × 11 μm3 (= 464 × 380 × 25 voxels). |
PMC1087480_F4_1839.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Intracellular localization of recombinant CB(SC). Transient overexpression in LCLC-103H cells visualized by WFM (A-F) or OPM (G, H). A, B. Cells expressing CB(SC)-EGFP (green) were counterstained with Hoechst33342 (blue) and LysoTracker Red (red). Diffuse, vesicular, and granular EGFP fluorescence signals were found in the cytoplasm and highly enriched inside the nucleus sparing out the nucleoli as indicated by the DNA staining. The reticular and vesicular staining of the lysosomal marker adjacent to the nuclear indentation did not overlap with EGFP signals. Obj. 40×/1.30 Oil. Processing of recombinant CB(SC) and influence of the fluorescent protein marker or the total molecule size on its localization were proven by differential tagging (N- or C-terminus, respectively) as well as by means of immunocytochemistry using a N-terminal myc-epitope. C, D. Double-tagged ECFP-CB(SC)-EYFP was distributed mainly in the nucleus analogously to CB(SC), which was marked at its C-terminus only. Accumulates were found within the nucleus and adjacent to it. Fluorescence also appeared in the ring shaped midbody matrix (enlarged region in the upper right corner). Obj. 40×/0.60; processed by deconvolution. E, F. Cells coexpressing myc-CB(SC) and CB(SC)-EGFP were fixed by acetone/methanol and immunostained against myc and GFP. A tight colocalization of both was found (E and F); the constructs were found mainly in the nucleus and stained the midbody (marked by the arrowhead; see inset). Obj. 40×/0.60. G, H. Optical sections of CB(SC)-EYFP expressing cells were subjected to spatial reconstruction (G: 3D-visualisation; H: orthogonal projection). Isosurfaces obtained by arbitrary fluorescence intensity thresholds represent distinct compartments (granules: opaque; nucleus and midbody: transparent). In the given cellular state, only a weak expression in the cytoplasm is found. The main signals arise from granular inclusions within the nucleus including distinct regions inside the nucleoli (marked by dashed lines in H) as well as from enrichment in the midbody (arrow). Obj. 63×/1.32 Oil. ROI: 72 × 59 × 11 μm3 (= 464 × 380 × 25 voxels). |
PMC1087480_F4_1838.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Intracellular localization of recombinant CB(SC). Transient overexpression in LCLC-103H cells visualized by WFM (A-F) or OPM (G, H). A, B. Cells expressing CB(SC)-EGFP (green) were counterstained with Hoechst33342 (blue) and LysoTracker Red (red). Diffuse, vesicular, and granular EGFP fluorescence signals were found in the cytoplasm and highly enriched inside the nucleus sparing out the nucleoli as indicated by the DNA staining. The reticular and vesicular staining of the lysosomal marker adjacent to the nuclear indentation did not overlap with EGFP signals. Obj. 40×/1.30 Oil. Processing of recombinant CB(SC) and influence of the fluorescent protein marker or the total molecule size on its localization were proven by differential tagging (N- or C-terminus, respectively) as well as by means of immunocytochemistry using a N-terminal myc-epitope. C, D. Double-tagged ECFP-CB(SC)-EYFP was distributed mainly in the nucleus analogously to CB(SC), which was marked at its C-terminus only. Accumulates were found within the nucleus and adjacent to it. Fluorescence also appeared in the ring shaped midbody matrix (enlarged region in the upper right corner). Obj. 40×/0.60; processed by deconvolution. E, F. Cells coexpressing myc-CB(SC) and CB(SC)-EGFP were fixed by acetone/methanol and immunostained against myc and GFP. A tight colocalization of both was found (E and F); the constructs were found mainly in the nucleus and stained the midbody (marked by the arrowhead; see inset). Obj. 40×/0.60. G, H. Optical sections of CB(SC)-EYFP expressing cells were subjected to spatial reconstruction (G: 3D-visualisation; H: orthogonal projection). Isosurfaces obtained by arbitrary fluorescence intensity thresholds represent distinct compartments (granules: opaque; nucleus and midbody: transparent). In the given cellular state, only a weak expression in the cytoplasm is found. The main signals arise from granular inclusions within the nucleus including distinct regions inside the nucleoli (marked by dashed lines in H) as well as from enrichment in the midbody (arrow). Obj. 63×/1.32 Oil. ROI: 72 × 59 × 11 μm3 (= 464 × 380 × 25 voxels). |
PMC1087480_F5_1835.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Nuclear diffusion and binding of recombinant CB(SC). Fluorescence was extinguished by TPM within distinct nuclear regions and the diffusion and binding characteristics of GFP-tagged constructs were determined. A. The approach is described by means of the GFP-tagged histone-construct H2A-EGFP. In the continuous photobleaching experiment a 2 × 2 μm2 nuclear region was scanned consecutively and the loss of fluorescence caused by the irradiation was monitored simultaneously (see enlarged section). In the FRAP experiment, a region of same dimensions was bleached by continuous irradiation. A time series was grabbed subsequentially from a larger detail of the nucleus (first and last scan are shown). The fluorescence within the bleached region as well as in an untreated control region was measured and normalized according to equation (1). B. Continuous bleaching curves of CB(SC)-EGFP, ECFP-CB(SC)-EYFP as well as of the control proteins EGFP, H2A-EGFP, and TIF1A-EGFP (n = 2 or 3) are plotted as a function of time. The fitting function is composed of two partial terms and matches the values sufficiently enough and more precise than a simple exponential function. The term meets the fact that there are both bound and freely diffusing fluorochrome labelled fractions. The first subterm describes the bleaching of the bound and the second one the bleaching of the diffusible component. While the graphs for EGFP and TIF1A-EGFP support free diffusion, the H2A-EGFP-population exists mostly in a bound state. Both CB(SC) constructs show an intermediate behaviour which points to bound as well as mobile fractions. C. FRAP curves of the same set of fusion proteins corroborate the findings above. |
PMC1087488_F1_1860.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Laminin stimulation elicits lamellopodia and process formation in adult sensory neurons. DRG neurons plated on polylysine were stimulated with laminin in solution for 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 6 hrs, 24 hrs. After fixation, neurons were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin to detect actin and images obtained using confocal microscopy. Panels A-F provide representative examples of the various stages of lamellopodia formation and eventual process protrusion, and show various distinctive stages in neuronal membrane expansion and neurite growth. At the earliest stages, lamellopodia are formed (A- 5 min, B- 15 min, C- 30 min) with evidence of focal contacts (arrows) at the leading edge of the lamellopodia (B, C). In D (1 hr) and E (6 hrs) filopodia begin to protrude from the lamellopodium around the circumference of the neuron. Eventually, these processes appear to coalesce into one or more neurites that continue to extend (F- 24 hrs, arrow). Scale bar – 20 μm. |
PMC1087488_F1_1861.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Laminin stimulation elicits lamellopodia and process formation in adult sensory neurons. DRG neurons plated on polylysine were stimulated with laminin in solution for 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 6 hrs, 24 hrs. After fixation, neurons were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin to detect actin and images obtained using confocal microscopy. Panels A-F provide representative examples of the various stages of lamellopodia formation and eventual process protrusion, and show various distinctive stages in neuronal membrane expansion and neurite growth. At the earliest stages, lamellopodia are formed (A- 5 min, B- 15 min, C- 30 min) with evidence of focal contacts (arrows) at the leading edge of the lamellopodia (B, C). In D (1 hr) and E (6 hrs) filopodia begin to protrude from the lamellopodium around the circumference of the neuron. Eventually, these processes appear to coalesce into one or more neurites that continue to extend (F- 24 hrs, arrow). Scale bar – 20 μm. |
PMC1087488_F1_1858.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Laminin stimulation elicits lamellopodia and process formation in adult sensory neurons. DRG neurons plated on polylysine were stimulated with laminin in solution for 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 6 hrs, 24 hrs. After fixation, neurons were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin to detect actin and images obtained using confocal microscopy. Panels A-F provide representative examples of the various stages of lamellopodia formation and eventual process protrusion, and show various distinctive stages in neuronal membrane expansion and neurite growth. At the earliest stages, lamellopodia are formed (A- 5 min, B- 15 min, C- 30 min) with evidence of focal contacts (arrows) at the leading edge of the lamellopodia (B, C). In D (1 hr) and E (6 hrs) filopodia begin to protrude from the lamellopodium around the circumference of the neuron. Eventually, these processes appear to coalesce into one or more neurites that continue to extend (F- 24 hrs, arrow). Scale bar – 20 μm. |
PMC1087488_F1_1856.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Laminin stimulation elicits lamellopodia and process formation in adult sensory neurons. DRG neurons plated on polylysine were stimulated with laminin in solution for 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 6 hrs, 24 hrs. After fixation, neurons were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin to detect actin and images obtained using confocal microscopy. Panels A-F provide representative examples of the various stages of lamellopodia formation and eventual process protrusion, and show various distinctive stages in neuronal membrane expansion and neurite growth. At the earliest stages, lamellopodia are formed (A- 5 min, B- 15 min, C- 30 min) with evidence of focal contacts (arrows) at the leading edge of the lamellopodia (B, C). In D (1 hr) and E (6 hrs) filopodia begin to protrude from the lamellopodium around the circumference of the neuron. Eventually, these processes appear to coalesce into one or more neurites that continue to extend (F- 24 hrs, arrow). Scale bar – 20 μm. |
PMC1087488_F1_1859.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Laminin stimulation elicits lamellopodia and process formation in adult sensory neurons. DRG neurons plated on polylysine were stimulated with laminin in solution for 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 6 hrs, 24 hrs. After fixation, neurons were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin to detect actin and images obtained using confocal microscopy. Panels A-F provide representative examples of the various stages of lamellopodia formation and eventual process protrusion, and show various distinctive stages in neuronal membrane expansion and neurite growth. At the earliest stages, lamellopodia are formed (A- 5 min, B- 15 min, C- 30 min) with evidence of focal contacts (arrows) at the leading edge of the lamellopodia (B, C). In D (1 hr) and E (6 hrs) filopodia begin to protrude from the lamellopodium around the circumference of the neuron. Eventually, these processes appear to coalesce into one or more neurites that continue to extend (F- 24 hrs, arrow). Scale bar – 20 μm. |
PMC1087488_F1_1857.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Laminin stimulation elicits lamellopodia and process formation in adult sensory neurons. DRG neurons plated on polylysine were stimulated with laminin in solution for 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 6 hrs, 24 hrs. After fixation, neurons were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin to detect actin and images obtained using confocal microscopy. Panels A-F provide representative examples of the various stages of lamellopodia formation and eventual process protrusion, and show various distinctive stages in neuronal membrane expansion and neurite growth. At the earliest stages, lamellopodia are formed (A- 5 min, B- 15 min, C- 30 min) with evidence of focal contacts (arrows) at the leading edge of the lamellopodia (B, C). In D (1 hr) and E (6 hrs) filopodia begin to protrude from the lamellopodium around the circumference of the neuron. Eventually, these processes appear to coalesce into one or more neurites that continue to extend (F- 24 hrs, arrow). Scale bar – 20 μm. |
PMC1087488_F2_1852.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Hsp27 co-localizes with actin and tubulin at early stages of neurite growth. Neurons were plated on polylysine and stimulated with laminin for 1–6 hrs. Following fixation, neurons were labelled with rhodamine-phalloidin (red-A, D) or immunostained with antibodies directed against total tubulin (red – G, J) or Hsp27 (green -B, E, H, K). Images were obtained with confocal microscopy and panels C, F, I, L represent the merged images of the single channel images. Note colocalization of Hsp27 and actin in the lamellopodium (A-C, arrow) and in focal contacts observed in D-F (arrow). In panels G-I, there is some colocalization of the staining for tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical region (large arrowhead) and in small processes emerging from the soma (arrow). In panels J-L, there is a more distinct colocalization of tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical area (arrow, J-L) as well as in an obvious process that seems to be wrapping around the cell and finally extending (arrowhead, J-L). Scale bar – 20 μm |
PMC1087488_F2_1848.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Hsp27 co-localizes with actin and tubulin at early stages of neurite growth. Neurons were plated on polylysine and stimulated with laminin for 1–6 hrs. Following fixation, neurons were labelled with rhodamine-phalloidin (red-A, D) or immunostained with antibodies directed against total tubulin (red – G, J) or Hsp27 (green -B, E, H, K). Images were obtained with confocal microscopy and panels C, F, I, L represent the merged images of the single channel images. Note colocalization of Hsp27 and actin in the lamellopodium (A-C, arrow) and in focal contacts observed in D-F (arrow). In panels G-I, there is some colocalization of the staining for tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical region (large arrowhead) and in small processes emerging from the soma (arrow). In panels J-L, there is a more distinct colocalization of tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical area (arrow, J-L) as well as in an obvious process that seems to be wrapping around the cell and finally extending (arrowhead, J-L). Scale bar – 20 μm |
PMC1087488_F2_1844.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Hsp27 co-localizes with actin and tubulin at early stages of neurite growth. Neurons were plated on polylysine and stimulated with laminin for 1–6 hrs. Following fixation, neurons were labelled with rhodamine-phalloidin (red-A, D) or immunostained with antibodies directed against total tubulin (red – G, J) or Hsp27 (green -B, E, H, K). Images were obtained with confocal microscopy and panels C, F, I, L represent the merged images of the single channel images. Note colocalization of Hsp27 and actin in the lamellopodium (A-C, arrow) and in focal contacts observed in D-F (arrow). In panels G-I, there is some colocalization of the staining for tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical region (large arrowhead) and in small processes emerging from the soma (arrow). In panels J-L, there is a more distinct colocalization of tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical area (arrow, J-L) as well as in an obvious process that seems to be wrapping around the cell and finally extending (arrowhead, J-L). Scale bar – 20 μm |
PMC1087488_F2_1849.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Hsp27 co-localizes with actin and tubulin at early stages of neurite growth. Neurons were plated on polylysine and stimulated with laminin for 1–6 hrs. Following fixation, neurons were labelled with rhodamine-phalloidin (red-A, D) or immunostained with antibodies directed against total tubulin (red – G, J) or Hsp27 (green -B, E, H, K). Images were obtained with confocal microscopy and panels C, F, I, L represent the merged images of the single channel images. Note colocalization of Hsp27 and actin in the lamellopodium (A-C, arrow) and in focal contacts observed in D-F (arrow). In panels G-I, there is some colocalization of the staining for tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical region (large arrowhead) and in small processes emerging from the soma (arrow). In panels J-L, there is a more distinct colocalization of tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical area (arrow, J-L) as well as in an obvious process that seems to be wrapping around the cell and finally extending (arrowhead, J-L). Scale bar – 20 μm |
PMC1087488_F2_1845.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Hsp27 co-localizes with actin and tubulin at early stages of neurite growth. Neurons were plated on polylysine and stimulated with laminin for 1–6 hrs. Following fixation, neurons were labelled with rhodamine-phalloidin (red-A, D) or immunostained with antibodies directed against total tubulin (red – G, J) or Hsp27 (green -B, E, H, K). Images were obtained with confocal microscopy and panels C, F, I, L represent the merged images of the single channel images. Note colocalization of Hsp27 and actin in the lamellopodium (A-C, arrow) and in focal contacts observed in D-F (arrow). In panels G-I, there is some colocalization of the staining for tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical region (large arrowhead) and in small processes emerging from the soma (arrow). In panels J-L, there is a more distinct colocalization of tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical area (arrow, J-L) as well as in an obvious process that seems to be wrapping around the cell and finally extending (arrowhead, J-L). Scale bar – 20 μm |
PMC1087488_F2_1855.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Hsp27 co-localizes with actin and tubulin at early stages of neurite growth. Neurons were plated on polylysine and stimulated with laminin for 1–6 hrs. Following fixation, neurons were labelled with rhodamine-phalloidin (red-A, D) or immunostained with antibodies directed against total tubulin (red – G, J) or Hsp27 (green -B, E, H, K). Images were obtained with confocal microscopy and panels C, F, I, L represent the merged images of the single channel images. Note colocalization of Hsp27 and actin in the lamellopodium (A-C, arrow) and in focal contacts observed in D-F (arrow). In panels G-I, there is some colocalization of the staining for tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical region (large arrowhead) and in small processes emerging from the soma (arrow). In panels J-L, there is a more distinct colocalization of tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical area (arrow, J-L) as well as in an obvious process that seems to be wrapping around the cell and finally extending (arrowhead, J-L). Scale bar – 20 μm |
PMC1087488_F2_1850.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Hsp27 co-localizes with actin and tubulin at early stages of neurite growth. Neurons were plated on polylysine and stimulated with laminin for 1–6 hrs. Following fixation, neurons were labelled with rhodamine-phalloidin (red-A, D) or immunostained with antibodies directed against total tubulin (red – G, J) or Hsp27 (green -B, E, H, K). Images were obtained with confocal microscopy and panels C, F, I, L represent the merged images of the single channel images. Note colocalization of Hsp27 and actin in the lamellopodium (A-C, arrow) and in focal contacts observed in D-F (arrow). In panels G-I, there is some colocalization of the staining for tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical region (large arrowhead) and in small processes emerging from the soma (arrow). In panels J-L, there is a more distinct colocalization of tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical area (arrow, J-L) as well as in an obvious process that seems to be wrapping around the cell and finally extending (arrowhead, J-L). Scale bar – 20 μm |
PMC1087488_F2_1853.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Hsp27 co-localizes with actin and tubulin at early stages of neurite growth. Neurons were plated on polylysine and stimulated with laminin for 1–6 hrs. Following fixation, neurons were labelled with rhodamine-phalloidin (red-A, D) or immunostained with antibodies directed against total tubulin (red – G, J) or Hsp27 (green -B, E, H, K). Images were obtained with confocal microscopy and panels C, F, I, L represent the merged images of the single channel images. Note colocalization of Hsp27 and actin in the lamellopodium (A-C, arrow) and in focal contacts observed in D-F (arrow). In panels G-I, there is some colocalization of the staining for tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical region (large arrowhead) and in small processes emerging from the soma (arrow). In panels J-L, there is a more distinct colocalization of tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical area (arrow, J-L) as well as in an obvious process that seems to be wrapping around the cell and finally extending (arrowhead, J-L). Scale bar – 20 μm |
PMC1087488_F2_1846.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Hsp27 co-localizes with actin and tubulin at early stages of neurite growth. Neurons were plated on polylysine and stimulated with laminin for 1–6 hrs. Following fixation, neurons were labelled with rhodamine-phalloidin (red-A, D) or immunostained with antibodies directed against total tubulin (red – G, J) or Hsp27 (green -B, E, H, K). Images were obtained with confocal microscopy and panels C, F, I, L represent the merged images of the single channel images. Note colocalization of Hsp27 and actin in the lamellopodium (A-C, arrow) and in focal contacts observed in D-F (arrow). In panels G-I, there is some colocalization of the staining for tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical region (large arrowhead) and in small processes emerging from the soma (arrow). In panels J-L, there is a more distinct colocalization of tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical area (arrow, J-L) as well as in an obvious process that seems to be wrapping around the cell and finally extending (arrowhead, J-L). Scale bar – 20 μm |
PMC1087488_F2_1847.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Hsp27 co-localizes with actin and tubulin at early stages of neurite growth. Neurons were plated on polylysine and stimulated with laminin for 1–6 hrs. Following fixation, neurons were labelled with rhodamine-phalloidin (red-A, D) or immunostained with antibodies directed against total tubulin (red – G, J) or Hsp27 (green -B, E, H, K). Images were obtained with confocal microscopy and panels C, F, I, L represent the merged images of the single channel images. Note colocalization of Hsp27 and actin in the lamellopodium (A-C, arrow) and in focal contacts observed in D-F (arrow). In panels G-I, there is some colocalization of the staining for tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical region (large arrowhead) and in small processes emerging from the soma (arrow). In panels J-L, there is a more distinct colocalization of tubulin and Hsp27 in the cortical area (arrow, J-L) as well as in an obvious process that seems to be wrapping around the cell and finally extending (arrowhead, J-L). Scale bar – 20 μm |
PMC1087489_F1_1864.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Camera lucida drawings of anterior coronal brain sections. Dots represent BrdU+ cells. No difference in number or spatial and temporal distribution of BrdU+ cells was seen in the contralateral and control hemispheres at corresponding time points (corresponding time points: 10 h = P9, 3d = P12, 5d = P14, 7d = P16, 14d = P23, 40d = P49). Ipsilateral (ip) hemispheres show BrdU+ cell distribution following NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in coronal brain sections at the level of the neurodegenerating area (outlined in black) and SVZ (BrdU+ cells of the SVZ are represented in red). Proliferation was observed at 10 h (P9), peaked at 3d (P12) and diminished by 40d (P49). |
PMC1087489_F1_1863.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Camera lucida drawings of anterior coronal brain sections. Dots represent BrdU+ cells. No difference in number or spatial and temporal distribution of BrdU+ cells was seen in the contralateral and control hemispheres at corresponding time points (corresponding time points: 10 h = P9, 3d = P12, 5d = P14, 7d = P16, 14d = P23, 40d = P49). Ipsilateral (ip) hemispheres show BrdU+ cell distribution following NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in coronal brain sections at the level of the neurodegenerating area (outlined in black) and SVZ (BrdU+ cells of the SVZ are represented in red). Proliferation was observed at 10 h (P9), peaked at 3d (P12) and diminished by 40d (P49). |
PMC1087489_F1_1865.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Camera lucida drawings of anterior coronal brain sections. Dots represent BrdU+ cells. No difference in number or spatial and temporal distribution of BrdU+ cells was seen in the contralateral and control hemispheres at corresponding time points (corresponding time points: 10 h = P9, 3d = P12, 5d = P14, 7d = P16, 14d = P23, 40d = P49). Ipsilateral (ip) hemispheres show BrdU+ cell distribution following NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in coronal brain sections at the level of the neurodegenerating area (outlined in black) and SVZ (BrdU+ cells of the SVZ are represented in red). Proliferation was observed at 10 h (P9), peaked at 3d (P12) and diminished by 40d (P49). |
PMC1087489_F1_1862.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Camera lucida drawings of anterior coronal brain sections. Dots represent BrdU+ cells. No difference in number or spatial and temporal distribution of BrdU+ cells was seen in the contralateral and control hemispheres at corresponding time points (corresponding time points: 10 h = P9, 3d = P12, 5d = P14, 7d = P16, 14d = P23, 40d = P49). Ipsilateral (ip) hemispheres show BrdU+ cell distribution following NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in coronal brain sections at the level of the neurodegenerating area (outlined in black) and SVZ (BrdU+ cells of the SVZ are represented in red). Proliferation was observed at 10 h (P9), peaked at 3d (P12) and diminished by 40d (P49). |
PMC1087489_F5_1879.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Phenotypes of proliferating cells in the SVZ. Optical microscope studies of coronal brain sections after double-labeled immunofluorescence showed that there is a characteristic placement of cell phenotypes along the entire length of the ventricular wall (vw). Photographs show TL+ ventricular ependymal cells (arrow, a) bordered BrdU+/nestin+ cells (arrows, b), which were found next to GFAP+ cells (arrow, c). Photographs of confocal imaging in the SVZ (more specifically, in zone a of the SVZ) revealed a similar placement where TL+ ependymal cells (d) of the ventricular wall are seen next to BrdU+/nestin+ progenitor cells (e; arrow, f) and GFAP+ cells (g). BrdU+/nestin+ cells outlined in white in photograph e can be seen at greater magnification in f. This patterning was seen at all time points except at postnatal day 9 (P9). At this time, in both control (P9) and lesioned brains (10 h), BrdU+/GFAP+ cells were also seen next to the ventricular wall (asterisk, h). At 10 hours post lesion, a decrease in the number of GFAP+ filaments in the ipsilateral (ip; i) hemisphere was also noted when compared to contralateral (cl; h) and control hemispheres. BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087489_F5_1877.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Phenotypes of proliferating cells in the SVZ. Optical microscope studies of coronal brain sections after double-labeled immunofluorescence showed that there is a characteristic placement of cell phenotypes along the entire length of the ventricular wall (vw). Photographs show TL+ ventricular ependymal cells (arrow, a) bordered BrdU+/nestin+ cells (arrows, b), which were found next to GFAP+ cells (arrow, c). Photographs of confocal imaging in the SVZ (more specifically, in zone a of the SVZ) revealed a similar placement where TL+ ependymal cells (d) of the ventricular wall are seen next to BrdU+/nestin+ progenitor cells (e; arrow, f) and GFAP+ cells (g). BrdU+/nestin+ cells outlined in white in photograph e can be seen at greater magnification in f. This patterning was seen at all time points except at postnatal day 9 (P9). At this time, in both control (P9) and lesioned brains (10 h), BrdU+/GFAP+ cells were also seen next to the ventricular wall (asterisk, h). At 10 hours post lesion, a decrease in the number of GFAP+ filaments in the ipsilateral (ip; i) hemisphere was also noted when compared to contralateral (cl; h) and control hemispheres. BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087489_F5_1874.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Phenotypes of proliferating cells in the SVZ. Optical microscope studies of coronal brain sections after double-labeled immunofluorescence showed that there is a characteristic placement of cell phenotypes along the entire length of the ventricular wall (vw). Photographs show TL+ ventricular ependymal cells (arrow, a) bordered BrdU+/nestin+ cells (arrows, b), which were found next to GFAP+ cells (arrow, c). Photographs of confocal imaging in the SVZ (more specifically, in zone a of the SVZ) revealed a similar placement where TL+ ependymal cells (d) of the ventricular wall are seen next to BrdU+/nestin+ progenitor cells (e; arrow, f) and GFAP+ cells (g). BrdU+/nestin+ cells outlined in white in photograph e can be seen at greater magnification in f. This patterning was seen at all time points except at postnatal day 9 (P9). At this time, in both control (P9) and lesioned brains (10 h), BrdU+/GFAP+ cells were also seen next to the ventricular wall (asterisk, h). At 10 hours post lesion, a decrease in the number of GFAP+ filaments in the ipsilateral (ip; i) hemisphere was also noted when compared to contralateral (cl; h) and control hemispheres. BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087489_F5_1880.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Phenotypes of proliferating cells in the SVZ. Optical microscope studies of coronal brain sections after double-labeled immunofluorescence showed that there is a characteristic placement of cell phenotypes along the entire length of the ventricular wall (vw). Photographs show TL+ ventricular ependymal cells (arrow, a) bordered BrdU+/nestin+ cells (arrows, b), which were found next to GFAP+ cells (arrow, c). Photographs of confocal imaging in the SVZ (more specifically, in zone a of the SVZ) revealed a similar placement where TL+ ependymal cells (d) of the ventricular wall are seen next to BrdU+/nestin+ progenitor cells (e; arrow, f) and GFAP+ cells (g). BrdU+/nestin+ cells outlined in white in photograph e can be seen at greater magnification in f. This patterning was seen at all time points except at postnatal day 9 (P9). At this time, in both control (P9) and lesioned brains (10 h), BrdU+/GFAP+ cells were also seen next to the ventricular wall (asterisk, h). At 10 hours post lesion, a decrease in the number of GFAP+ filaments in the ipsilateral (ip; i) hemisphere was also noted when compared to contralateral (cl; h) and control hemispheres. BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087489_F5_1876.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Phenotypes of proliferating cells in the SVZ. Optical microscope studies of coronal brain sections after double-labeled immunofluorescence showed that there is a characteristic placement of cell phenotypes along the entire length of the ventricular wall (vw). Photographs show TL+ ventricular ependymal cells (arrow, a) bordered BrdU+/nestin+ cells (arrows, b), which were found next to GFAP+ cells (arrow, c). Photographs of confocal imaging in the SVZ (more specifically, in zone a of the SVZ) revealed a similar placement where TL+ ependymal cells (d) of the ventricular wall are seen next to BrdU+/nestin+ progenitor cells (e; arrow, f) and GFAP+ cells (g). BrdU+/nestin+ cells outlined in white in photograph e can be seen at greater magnification in f. This patterning was seen at all time points except at postnatal day 9 (P9). At this time, in both control (P9) and lesioned brains (10 h), BrdU+/GFAP+ cells were also seen next to the ventricular wall (asterisk, h). At 10 hours post lesion, a decrease in the number of GFAP+ filaments in the ipsilateral (ip; i) hemisphere was also noted when compared to contralateral (cl; h) and control hemispheres. BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087489_F5_1882.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Phenotypes of proliferating cells in the SVZ. Optical microscope studies of coronal brain sections after double-labeled immunofluorescence showed that there is a characteristic placement of cell phenotypes along the entire length of the ventricular wall (vw). Photographs show TL+ ventricular ependymal cells (arrow, a) bordered BrdU+/nestin+ cells (arrows, b), which were found next to GFAP+ cells (arrow, c). Photographs of confocal imaging in the SVZ (more specifically, in zone a of the SVZ) revealed a similar placement where TL+ ependymal cells (d) of the ventricular wall are seen next to BrdU+/nestin+ progenitor cells (e; arrow, f) and GFAP+ cells (g). BrdU+/nestin+ cells outlined in white in photograph e can be seen at greater magnification in f. This patterning was seen at all time points except at postnatal day 9 (P9). At this time, in both control (P9) and lesioned brains (10 h), BrdU+/GFAP+ cells were also seen next to the ventricular wall (asterisk, h). At 10 hours post lesion, a decrease in the number of GFAP+ filaments in the ipsilateral (ip; i) hemisphere was also noted when compared to contralateral (cl; h) and control hemispheres. BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087489_F5_1875.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Phenotypes of proliferating cells in the SVZ. Optical microscope studies of coronal brain sections after double-labeled immunofluorescence showed that there is a characteristic placement of cell phenotypes along the entire length of the ventricular wall (vw). Photographs show TL+ ventricular ependymal cells (arrow, a) bordered BrdU+/nestin+ cells (arrows, b), which were found next to GFAP+ cells (arrow, c). Photographs of confocal imaging in the SVZ (more specifically, in zone a of the SVZ) revealed a similar placement where TL+ ependymal cells (d) of the ventricular wall are seen next to BrdU+/nestin+ progenitor cells (e; arrow, f) and GFAP+ cells (g). BrdU+/nestin+ cells outlined in white in photograph e can be seen at greater magnification in f. This patterning was seen at all time points except at postnatal day 9 (P9). At this time, in both control (P9) and lesioned brains (10 h), BrdU+/GFAP+ cells were also seen next to the ventricular wall (asterisk, h). At 10 hours post lesion, a decrease in the number of GFAP+ filaments in the ipsilateral (ip; i) hemisphere was also noted when compared to contralateral (cl; h) and control hemispheres. BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087489_F5_1878.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Phenotypes of proliferating cells in the SVZ. Optical microscope studies of coronal brain sections after double-labeled immunofluorescence showed that there is a characteristic placement of cell phenotypes along the entire length of the ventricular wall (vw). Photographs show TL+ ventricular ependymal cells (arrow, a) bordered BrdU+/nestin+ cells (arrows, b), which were found next to GFAP+ cells (arrow, c). Photographs of confocal imaging in the SVZ (more specifically, in zone a of the SVZ) revealed a similar placement where TL+ ependymal cells (d) of the ventricular wall are seen next to BrdU+/nestin+ progenitor cells (e; arrow, f) and GFAP+ cells (g). BrdU+/nestin+ cells outlined in white in photograph e can be seen at greater magnification in f. This patterning was seen at all time points except at postnatal day 9 (P9). At this time, in both control (P9) and lesioned brains (10 h), BrdU+/GFAP+ cells were also seen next to the ventricular wall (asterisk, h). At 10 hours post lesion, a decrease in the number of GFAP+ filaments in the ipsilateral (ip; i) hemisphere was also noted when compared to contralateral (cl; h) and control hemispheres. BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087489_F5_1881.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Phenotypes of proliferating cells in the SVZ. Optical microscope studies of coronal brain sections after double-labeled immunofluorescence showed that there is a characteristic placement of cell phenotypes along the entire length of the ventricular wall (vw). Photographs show TL+ ventricular ependymal cells (arrow, a) bordered BrdU+/nestin+ cells (arrows, b), which were found next to GFAP+ cells (arrow, c). Photographs of confocal imaging in the SVZ (more specifically, in zone a of the SVZ) revealed a similar placement where TL+ ependymal cells (d) of the ventricular wall are seen next to BrdU+/nestin+ progenitor cells (e; arrow, f) and GFAP+ cells (g). BrdU+/nestin+ cells outlined in white in photograph e can be seen at greater magnification in f. This patterning was seen at all time points except at postnatal day 9 (P9). At this time, in both control (P9) and lesioned brains (10 h), BrdU+/GFAP+ cells were also seen next to the ventricular wall (asterisk, h). At 10 hours post lesion, a decrease in the number of GFAP+ filaments in the ipsilateral (ip; i) hemisphere was also noted when compared to contralateral (cl; h) and control hemispheres. BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087489_F7_1871.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Double immunohistochemical staining of BrdU+ cell clusters in the striatum. In lesioned animals, from 3 days post lesion until 7 days post lesion grouped BrdU+ cells were found in the parenchyma a short distance away from the ventricular wall. Double labeling immunofluorescence studies followed by confocal imaging revealed that striatal BrdU+ cells colocalized with GFAP (arrow, a, b-c) and nestin (d, e-g). Within these groups it was possible to located cells with unipolar (arrow, a), bipolar (arrows, b), and typical mature astrocyte star-like morphology (b, c). Few BrdU+ cells were seen to colocalize with TL (h). BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087489_F7_1867.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Double immunohistochemical staining of BrdU+ cell clusters in the striatum. In lesioned animals, from 3 days post lesion until 7 days post lesion grouped BrdU+ cells were found in the parenchyma a short distance away from the ventricular wall. Double labeling immunofluorescence studies followed by confocal imaging revealed that striatal BrdU+ cells colocalized with GFAP (arrow, a, b-c) and nestin (d, e-g). Within these groups it was possible to located cells with unipolar (arrow, a), bipolar (arrows, b), and typical mature astrocyte star-like morphology (b, c). Few BrdU+ cells were seen to colocalize with TL (h). BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087489_F7_1872.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Double immunohistochemical staining of BrdU+ cell clusters in the striatum. In lesioned animals, from 3 days post lesion until 7 days post lesion grouped BrdU+ cells were found in the parenchyma a short distance away from the ventricular wall. Double labeling immunofluorescence studies followed by confocal imaging revealed that striatal BrdU+ cells colocalized with GFAP (arrow, a, b-c) and nestin (d, e-g). Within these groups it was possible to located cells with unipolar (arrow, a), bipolar (arrows, b), and typical mature astrocyte star-like morphology (b, c). Few BrdU+ cells were seen to colocalize with TL (h). BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087489_F7_1873.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Double immunohistochemical staining of BrdU+ cell clusters in the striatum. In lesioned animals, from 3 days post lesion until 7 days post lesion grouped BrdU+ cells were found in the parenchyma a short distance away from the ventricular wall. Double labeling immunofluorescence studies followed by confocal imaging revealed that striatal BrdU+ cells colocalized with GFAP (arrow, a, b-c) and nestin (d, e-g). Within these groups it was possible to located cells with unipolar (arrow, a), bipolar (arrows, b), and typical mature astrocyte star-like morphology (b, c). Few BrdU+ cells were seen to colocalize with TL (h). BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087489_F7_1868.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Double immunohistochemical staining of BrdU+ cell clusters in the striatum. In lesioned animals, from 3 days post lesion until 7 days post lesion grouped BrdU+ cells were found in the parenchyma a short distance away from the ventricular wall. Double labeling immunofluorescence studies followed by confocal imaging revealed that striatal BrdU+ cells colocalized with GFAP (arrow, a, b-c) and nestin (d, e-g). Within these groups it was possible to located cells with unipolar (arrow, a), bipolar (arrows, b), and typical mature astrocyte star-like morphology (b, c). Few BrdU+ cells were seen to colocalize with TL (h). BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087489_F7_1870.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Double immunohistochemical staining of BrdU+ cell clusters in the striatum. In lesioned animals, from 3 days post lesion until 7 days post lesion grouped BrdU+ cells were found in the parenchyma a short distance away from the ventricular wall. Double labeling immunofluorescence studies followed by confocal imaging revealed that striatal BrdU+ cells colocalized with GFAP (arrow, a, b-c) and nestin (d, e-g). Within these groups it was possible to located cells with unipolar (arrow, a), bipolar (arrows, b), and typical mature astrocyte star-like morphology (b, c). Few BrdU+ cells were seen to colocalize with TL (h). BrdU (red); nestin, TL, GFAP (green). |
PMC1087490_F3_1889.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Differential distribution of Cln8 mRNA in brains of P0, P5, P10 and adult mouse. Dark-field emulsion autoradiographs from frontal sections, shown on the left, were analyzed by in situ hybridization analysis (A-D). Higher magnification in the hippocampal area CA3 is shown on the right. Bright-field views of the cells (a-d) and dark-field emulsion autoradiographs (a'-d') are shown. Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 antisense probe are shown as bars in the diagram below (A = adult). Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 sense probe are shown as a gray area behind the bars. In each brain region the optical density values at P0, P5 and P10 were compared to the optical density value of adult. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Symbols *, ** and *** represent p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively. CX = cortex, DG = dentate gyrus |
PMC1087490_F3_1884.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Differential distribution of Cln8 mRNA in brains of P0, P5, P10 and adult mouse. Dark-field emulsion autoradiographs from frontal sections, shown on the left, were analyzed by in situ hybridization analysis (A-D). Higher magnification in the hippocampal area CA3 is shown on the right. Bright-field views of the cells (a-d) and dark-field emulsion autoradiographs (a'-d') are shown. Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 antisense probe are shown as bars in the diagram below (A = adult). Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 sense probe are shown as a gray area behind the bars. In each brain region the optical density values at P0, P5 and P10 were compared to the optical density value of adult. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Symbols *, ** and *** represent p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively. CX = cortex, DG = dentate gyrus |
PMC1087490_F3_1883.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Differential distribution of Cln8 mRNA in brains of P0, P5, P10 and adult mouse. Dark-field emulsion autoradiographs from frontal sections, shown on the left, were analyzed by in situ hybridization analysis (A-D). Higher magnification in the hippocampal area CA3 is shown on the right. Bright-field views of the cells (a-d) and dark-field emulsion autoradiographs (a'-d') are shown. Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 antisense probe are shown as bars in the diagram below (A = adult). Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 sense probe are shown as a gray area behind the bars. In each brain region the optical density values at P0, P5 and P10 were compared to the optical density value of adult. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Symbols *, ** and *** represent p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively. CX = cortex, DG = dentate gyrus |
PMC1087490_F3_1888.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Differential distribution of Cln8 mRNA in brains of P0, P5, P10 and adult mouse. Dark-field emulsion autoradiographs from frontal sections, shown on the left, were analyzed by in situ hybridization analysis (A-D). Higher magnification in the hippocampal area CA3 is shown on the right. Bright-field views of the cells (a-d) and dark-field emulsion autoradiographs (a'-d') are shown. Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 antisense probe are shown as bars in the diagram below (A = adult). Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 sense probe are shown as a gray area behind the bars. In each brain region the optical density values at P0, P5 and P10 were compared to the optical density value of adult. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Symbols *, ** and *** represent p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively. CX = cortex, DG = dentate gyrus |
PMC1087490_F3_1891.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Differential distribution of Cln8 mRNA in brains of P0, P5, P10 and adult mouse. Dark-field emulsion autoradiographs from frontal sections, shown on the left, were analyzed by in situ hybridization analysis (A-D). Higher magnification in the hippocampal area CA3 is shown on the right. Bright-field views of the cells (a-d) and dark-field emulsion autoradiographs (a'-d') are shown. Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 antisense probe are shown as bars in the diagram below (A = adult). Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 sense probe are shown as a gray area behind the bars. In each brain region the optical density values at P0, P5 and P10 were compared to the optical density value of adult. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Symbols *, ** and *** represent p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively. CX = cortex, DG = dentate gyrus |
PMC1087490_F3_1892.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Differential distribution of Cln8 mRNA in brains of P0, P5, P10 and adult mouse. Dark-field emulsion autoradiographs from frontal sections, shown on the left, were analyzed by in situ hybridization analysis (A-D). Higher magnification in the hippocampal area CA3 is shown on the right. Bright-field views of the cells (a-d) and dark-field emulsion autoradiographs (a'-d') are shown. Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 antisense probe are shown as bars in the diagram below (A = adult). Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 sense probe are shown as a gray area behind the bars. In each brain region the optical density values at P0, P5 and P10 were compared to the optical density value of adult. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Symbols *, ** and *** represent p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively. CX = cortex, DG = dentate gyrus |
PMC1087490_F3_1886.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Differential distribution of Cln8 mRNA in brains of P0, P5, P10 and adult mouse. Dark-field emulsion autoradiographs from frontal sections, shown on the left, were analyzed by in situ hybridization analysis (A-D). Higher magnification in the hippocampal area CA3 is shown on the right. Bright-field views of the cells (a-d) and dark-field emulsion autoradiographs (a'-d') are shown. Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 antisense probe are shown as bars in the diagram below (A = adult). Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 sense probe are shown as a gray area behind the bars. In each brain region the optical density values at P0, P5 and P10 were compared to the optical density value of adult. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Symbols *, ** and *** represent p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively. CX = cortex, DG = dentate gyrus |
PMC1087490_F4_1896.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Distribution of Cln8 mRNA in brains of hippocampal kindling induced epileptic mice. Frontal mouse brain sections were analyzed 2 h, 6 h and 24 h after kindling induced epileptic seizures by in situ hybridization. Mice with electrodes implanted but without electrical stimulations were used as controls (0 h). Dark-field emulsion autoradiographs of hippocampal Cln8 expression in kindling-induced mice 0 h and 24 h after kindling are shown. Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 antisense probe are shown as bars in the diagram. Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 sense probe are shown as a gray area behind the bars. In each brain region the optical density values 2 h, 6 h and 24 h after kidling-induced seizures were compared to controls (0 h). Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Symbols *, ** and *** represent p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively. DG = dentate gyrus |
PMC1087490_F4_1894.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Distribution of Cln8 mRNA in brains of hippocampal kindling induced epileptic mice. Frontal mouse brain sections were analyzed 2 h, 6 h and 24 h after kindling induced epileptic seizures by in situ hybridization. Mice with electrodes implanted but without electrical stimulations were used as controls (0 h). Dark-field emulsion autoradiographs of hippocampal Cln8 expression in kindling-induced mice 0 h and 24 h after kindling are shown. Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 antisense probe are shown as bars in the diagram. Optical density values of hybridization signals of Cln8 sense probe are shown as a gray area behind the bars. In each brain region the optical density values 2 h, 6 h and 24 h after kidling-induced seizures were compared to controls (0 h). Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Symbols *, ** and *** represent p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively. DG = dentate gyrus |
PMC1087507_F1_1899.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype ElTor bacteriophages AS1-3. Panels A and B show the vibriophage AS1. They are contractile in nature and possess similar pattern as seen in the tail of another O1 ElTor typing vibriophage D10 (Chakrabarti et al., (1993). Panels A and B are shown at the same magnification. Panel C show the vibriophage AS2. The tails are non-contractile in nature. Panels D and E show the vibriophage AS3. Panels D and E are shown at the same magnification. The bars in Panels A, C and D: 50 nm. |
PMC1087507_F1_1902.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype ElTor bacteriophages AS1-3. Panels A and B show the vibriophage AS1. They are contractile in nature and possess similar pattern as seen in the tail of another O1 ElTor typing vibriophage D10 (Chakrabarti et al., (1993). Panels A and B are shown at the same magnification. Panel C show the vibriophage AS2. The tails are non-contractile in nature. Panels D and E show the vibriophage AS3. Panels D and E are shown at the same magnification. The bars in Panels A, C and D: 50 nm. |
PMC1087507_F1_1901.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype ElTor bacteriophages AS1-3. Panels A and B show the vibriophage AS1. They are contractile in nature and possess similar pattern as seen in the tail of another O1 ElTor typing vibriophage D10 (Chakrabarti et al., (1993). Panels A and B are shown at the same magnification. Panel C show the vibriophage AS2. The tails are non-contractile in nature. Panels D and E show the vibriophage AS3. Panels D and E are shown at the same magnification. The bars in Panels A, C and D: 50 nm. |
PMC1087507_F1_1900.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype ElTor bacteriophages AS1-3. Panels A and B show the vibriophage AS1. They are contractile in nature and possess similar pattern as seen in the tail of another O1 ElTor typing vibriophage D10 (Chakrabarti et al., (1993). Panels A and B are shown at the same magnification. Panel C show the vibriophage AS2. The tails are non-contractile in nature. Panels D and E show the vibriophage AS3. Panels D and E are shown at the same magnification. The bars in Panels A, C and D: 50 nm. |
PMC1087842_F1_1904.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Biopsy specimen of gastric glandular epithelial mucosa showing the presence of intranuclear cytomegalic inclusion bodies (1A, arrow), together with edema and inflammatory infiltrate. CMV infection was confirmed using immunohistochemistry, with a specific anti-CMV antibody (DAB-peroxydase) (1B). |
PMC1087842_F1_1905.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Biopsy specimen of gastric glandular epithelial mucosa showing the presence of intranuclear cytomegalic inclusion bodies (1A, arrow), together with edema and inflammatory infiltrate. CMV infection was confirmed using immunohistochemistry, with a specific anti-CMV antibody (DAB-peroxydase) (1B). |
PMC1087842_F2_1906.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Abdominal CT scan showing the presence of large and heterogeneous hypodensities (open arrow), surrounding the pancreas (filled arrow) and mildly enhanced following contrast infusion. The spleen (gray arrow) was patchy, demonstrating ischemic zones. |
PMC1087846_F5_1907.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Replaying an examination of slide 2 using the ReplaySuite. |
PMC1087847_F2_1918.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in early mouse embryos. (A) Phase contrast, embryo E5: The egg cylinder consists of an inner cell mass (a) representing the ectoderm and an outer layer of endoderm cells (b). (B) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Cy3-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Annexin A7 is expressed in both cell types of the egg cylinder with a strong staining of the endoderm and a weaker staining of the ectoderm. The nuclei are devoid of immune reactions. (C) Negative control using the secondary Cy3-antibody only. (D-F) Annexin A7 expression in the proximal neural tube (D) and nearby neural fold (E,F), embryo E8, transverse section. Immunolabeling of Annexin A7 was performed with purified mAb 203–217 and visualization was with an Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (D) An intense Annexin A7 immunostaining is detectable in the neuroepithelium of the neural tube (a, lumen of neural tube). (E,F) Higher magnifications of the neuroepithelium show that Annexin A7 is expressed in the cytosol. Arrowheads point to Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in the cytosol. (G) Phase contrast, embryo E13, caudal neural tube. (H) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (I) Negative control using the secondary Alexa Fluor 488-antibody only. Bar, 20 μm. |
PMC1087847_F2_1921.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in early mouse embryos. (A) Phase contrast, embryo E5: The egg cylinder consists of an inner cell mass (a) representing the ectoderm and an outer layer of endoderm cells (b). (B) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Cy3-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Annexin A7 is expressed in both cell types of the egg cylinder with a strong staining of the endoderm and a weaker staining of the ectoderm. The nuclei are devoid of immune reactions. (C) Negative control using the secondary Cy3-antibody only. (D-F) Annexin A7 expression in the proximal neural tube (D) and nearby neural fold (E,F), embryo E8, transverse section. Immunolabeling of Annexin A7 was performed with purified mAb 203–217 and visualization was with an Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (D) An intense Annexin A7 immunostaining is detectable in the neuroepithelium of the neural tube (a, lumen of neural tube). (E,F) Higher magnifications of the neuroepithelium show that Annexin A7 is expressed in the cytosol. Arrowheads point to Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in the cytosol. (G) Phase contrast, embryo E13, caudal neural tube. (H) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (I) Negative control using the secondary Alexa Fluor 488-antibody only. Bar, 20 μm. |
PMC1087847_F2_1919.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in early mouse embryos. (A) Phase contrast, embryo E5: The egg cylinder consists of an inner cell mass (a) representing the ectoderm and an outer layer of endoderm cells (b). (B) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Cy3-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Annexin A7 is expressed in both cell types of the egg cylinder with a strong staining of the endoderm and a weaker staining of the ectoderm. The nuclei are devoid of immune reactions. (C) Negative control using the secondary Cy3-antibody only. (D-F) Annexin A7 expression in the proximal neural tube (D) and nearby neural fold (E,F), embryo E8, transverse section. Immunolabeling of Annexin A7 was performed with purified mAb 203–217 and visualization was with an Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (D) An intense Annexin A7 immunostaining is detectable in the neuroepithelium of the neural tube (a, lumen of neural tube). (E,F) Higher magnifications of the neuroepithelium show that Annexin A7 is expressed in the cytosol. Arrowheads point to Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in the cytosol. (G) Phase contrast, embryo E13, caudal neural tube. (H) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (I) Negative control using the secondary Alexa Fluor 488-antibody only. Bar, 20 μm. |
PMC1087847_F2_1922.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in early mouse embryos. (A) Phase contrast, embryo E5: The egg cylinder consists of an inner cell mass (a) representing the ectoderm and an outer layer of endoderm cells (b). (B) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Cy3-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Annexin A7 is expressed in both cell types of the egg cylinder with a strong staining of the endoderm and a weaker staining of the ectoderm. The nuclei are devoid of immune reactions. (C) Negative control using the secondary Cy3-antibody only. (D-F) Annexin A7 expression in the proximal neural tube (D) and nearby neural fold (E,F), embryo E8, transverse section. Immunolabeling of Annexin A7 was performed with purified mAb 203–217 and visualization was with an Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (D) An intense Annexin A7 immunostaining is detectable in the neuroepithelium of the neural tube (a, lumen of neural tube). (E,F) Higher magnifications of the neuroepithelium show that Annexin A7 is expressed in the cytosol. Arrowheads point to Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in the cytosol. (G) Phase contrast, embryo E13, caudal neural tube. (H) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (I) Negative control using the secondary Alexa Fluor 488-antibody only. Bar, 20 μm. |
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