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PMC1087847_F2_1917.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in early mouse embryos. (A) Phase contrast, embryo E5: The egg cylinder consists of an inner cell mass (a) representing the ectoderm and an outer layer of endoderm cells (b). (B) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Cy3-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Annexin A7 is expressed in both cell types of the egg cylinder with a strong staining of the endoderm and a weaker staining of the ectoderm. The nuclei are devoid of immune reactions. (C) Negative control using the secondary Cy3-antibody only. (D-F) Annexin A7 expression in the proximal neural tube (D) and nearby neural fold (E,F), embryo E8, transverse section. Immunolabeling of Annexin A7 was performed with purified mAb 203–217 and visualization was with an Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (D) An intense Annexin A7 immunostaining is detectable in the neuroepithelium of the neural tube (a, lumen of neural tube). (E,F) Higher magnifications of the neuroepithelium show that Annexin A7 is expressed in the cytosol. Arrowheads point to Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in the cytosol. (G) Phase contrast, embryo E13, caudal neural tube. (H) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (I) Negative control using the secondary Alexa Fluor 488-antibody only. Bar, 20 μm. |
PMC1087847_F2_1925.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in early mouse embryos. (A) Phase contrast, embryo E5: The egg cylinder consists of an inner cell mass (a) representing the ectoderm and an outer layer of endoderm cells (b). (B) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Cy3-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Annexin A7 is expressed in both cell types of the egg cylinder with a strong staining of the endoderm and a weaker staining of the ectoderm. The nuclei are devoid of immune reactions. (C) Negative control using the secondary Cy3-antibody only. (D-F) Annexin A7 expression in the proximal neural tube (D) and nearby neural fold (E,F), embryo E8, transverse section. Immunolabeling of Annexin A7 was performed with purified mAb 203–217 and visualization was with an Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (D) An intense Annexin A7 immunostaining is detectable in the neuroepithelium of the neural tube (a, lumen of neural tube). (E,F) Higher magnifications of the neuroepithelium show that Annexin A7 is expressed in the cytosol. Arrowheads point to Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in the cytosol. (G) Phase contrast, embryo E13, caudal neural tube. (H) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (I) Negative control using the secondary Alexa Fluor 488-antibody only. Bar, 20 μm. |
PMC1087847_F2_1920.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in early mouse embryos. (A) Phase contrast, embryo E5: The egg cylinder consists of an inner cell mass (a) representing the ectoderm and an outer layer of endoderm cells (b). (B) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Cy3-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Annexin A7 is expressed in both cell types of the egg cylinder with a strong staining of the endoderm and a weaker staining of the ectoderm. The nuclei are devoid of immune reactions. (C) Negative control using the secondary Cy3-antibody only. (D-F) Annexin A7 expression in the proximal neural tube (D) and nearby neural fold (E,F), embryo E8, transverse section. Immunolabeling of Annexin A7 was performed with purified mAb 203–217 and visualization was with an Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (D) An intense Annexin A7 immunostaining is detectable in the neuroepithelium of the neural tube (a, lumen of neural tube). (E,F) Higher magnifications of the neuroepithelium show that Annexin A7 is expressed in the cytosol. Arrowheads point to Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in the cytosol. (G) Phase contrast, embryo E13, caudal neural tube. (H) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (I) Negative control using the secondary Alexa Fluor 488-antibody only. Bar, 20 μm. |
PMC1087847_F2_1924.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in early mouse embryos. (A) Phase contrast, embryo E5: The egg cylinder consists of an inner cell mass (a) representing the ectoderm and an outer layer of endoderm cells (b). (B) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Cy3-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Annexin A7 is expressed in both cell types of the egg cylinder with a strong staining of the endoderm and a weaker staining of the ectoderm. The nuclei are devoid of immune reactions. (C) Negative control using the secondary Cy3-antibody only. (D-F) Annexin A7 expression in the proximal neural tube (D) and nearby neural fold (E,F), embryo E8, transverse section. Immunolabeling of Annexin A7 was performed with purified mAb 203–217 and visualization was with an Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (D) An intense Annexin A7 immunostaining is detectable in the neuroepithelium of the neural tube (a, lumen of neural tube). (E,F) Higher magnifications of the neuroepithelium show that Annexin A7 is expressed in the cytosol. Arrowheads point to Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in the cytosol. (G) Phase contrast, embryo E13, caudal neural tube. (H) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (I) Negative control using the secondary Alexa Fluor 488-antibody only. Bar, 20 μm. |
PMC1087847_F2_1923.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in early mouse embryos. (A) Phase contrast, embryo E5: The egg cylinder consists of an inner cell mass (a) representing the ectoderm and an outer layer of endoderm cells (b). (B) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Cy3-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Annexin A7 is expressed in both cell types of the egg cylinder with a strong staining of the endoderm and a weaker staining of the ectoderm. The nuclei are devoid of immune reactions. (C) Negative control using the secondary Cy3-antibody only. (D-F) Annexin A7 expression in the proximal neural tube (D) and nearby neural fold (E,F), embryo E8, transverse section. Immunolabeling of Annexin A7 was performed with purified mAb 203–217 and visualization was with an Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (D) An intense Annexin A7 immunostaining is detectable in the neuroepithelium of the neural tube (a, lumen of neural tube). (E,F) Higher magnifications of the neuroepithelium show that Annexin A7 is expressed in the cytosol. Arrowheads point to Annexin A7 immunoreactivity in the cytosol. (G) Phase contrast, embryo E13, caudal neural tube. (H) Immunostaining of the paraffin section was performed using purified mAb 203–217 and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. (I) Negative control using the secondary Alexa Fluor 488-antibody only. Bar, 20 μm. |
PMC1087847_F3_1928.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Subcellular localization of Annexin A7 in embryos E13, E15 and E16. Paraffin sections of embryonic brain were stained with purified mAb 203–217. Annexin A7 was visualized with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibody. (A) Overview, at E16 the immature GFAP-negative cells of the forming cerebral neocortex (b) surrounding the lateral ventricle (a) are strongly stained; square, a higher magnification of this area is given in (I). (B) Higher magnification of the earlier stage E13 (H) shows, that the cells are stained in the cytosol (arrowhead). (C) Two days later at E15 the cells have rounded up, and Annexin A7 stays in the cytosol. (D) At E16 the first nuclear staining becomes apparent (arrowhead) in cells of the intermediate zone located between ventricular germinative zone and marginal neopallial cortex as seen in (I), oval. (E-G) Confocal microscopy confirms the results in B-D. (H) Overview, at E13 the immature GFAP-negative cells are strongly stained; a, lateral ventricle. (I) Higher magnification of a cortical section of (A, square) demonstrating ventricular, intermediate, and marginal zones; oval, a higher magnification of this area is given in (D,G). |
PMC1087847_F3_1929.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Subcellular localization of Annexin A7 in embryos E13, E15 and E16. Paraffin sections of embryonic brain were stained with purified mAb 203–217. Annexin A7 was visualized with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibody. (A) Overview, at E16 the immature GFAP-negative cells of the forming cerebral neocortex (b) surrounding the lateral ventricle (a) are strongly stained; square, a higher magnification of this area is given in (I). (B) Higher magnification of the earlier stage E13 (H) shows, that the cells are stained in the cytosol (arrowhead). (C) Two days later at E15 the cells have rounded up, and Annexin A7 stays in the cytosol. (D) At E16 the first nuclear staining becomes apparent (arrowhead) in cells of the intermediate zone located between ventricular germinative zone and marginal neopallial cortex as seen in (I), oval. (E-G) Confocal microscopy confirms the results in B-D. (H) Overview, at E13 the immature GFAP-negative cells are strongly stained; a, lateral ventricle. (I) Higher magnification of a cortical section of (A, square) demonstrating ventricular, intermediate, and marginal zones; oval, a higher magnification of this area is given in (D,G). |
PMC1087847_F3_1932.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Subcellular localization of Annexin A7 in embryos E13, E15 and E16. Paraffin sections of embryonic brain were stained with purified mAb 203–217. Annexin A7 was visualized with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibody. (A) Overview, at E16 the immature GFAP-negative cells of the forming cerebral neocortex (b) surrounding the lateral ventricle (a) are strongly stained; square, a higher magnification of this area is given in (I). (B) Higher magnification of the earlier stage E13 (H) shows, that the cells are stained in the cytosol (arrowhead). (C) Two days later at E15 the cells have rounded up, and Annexin A7 stays in the cytosol. (D) At E16 the first nuclear staining becomes apparent (arrowhead) in cells of the intermediate zone located between ventricular germinative zone and marginal neopallial cortex as seen in (I), oval. (E-G) Confocal microscopy confirms the results in B-D. (H) Overview, at E13 the immature GFAP-negative cells are strongly stained; a, lateral ventricle. (I) Higher magnification of a cortical section of (A, square) demonstrating ventricular, intermediate, and marginal zones; oval, a higher magnification of this area is given in (D,G). |
PMC1087847_F3_1933.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Subcellular localization of Annexin A7 in embryos E13, E15 and E16. Paraffin sections of embryonic brain were stained with purified mAb 203–217. Annexin A7 was visualized with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibody. (A) Overview, at E16 the immature GFAP-negative cells of the forming cerebral neocortex (b) surrounding the lateral ventricle (a) are strongly stained; square, a higher magnification of this area is given in (I). (B) Higher magnification of the earlier stage E13 (H) shows, that the cells are stained in the cytosol (arrowhead). (C) Two days later at E15 the cells have rounded up, and Annexin A7 stays in the cytosol. (D) At E16 the first nuclear staining becomes apparent (arrowhead) in cells of the intermediate zone located between ventricular germinative zone and marginal neopallial cortex as seen in (I), oval. (E-G) Confocal microscopy confirms the results in B-D. (H) Overview, at E13 the immature GFAP-negative cells are strongly stained; a, lateral ventricle. (I) Higher magnification of a cortical section of (A, square) demonstrating ventricular, intermediate, and marginal zones; oval, a higher magnification of this area is given in (D,G). |
PMC1087847_F3_1926.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Subcellular localization of Annexin A7 in embryos E13, E15 and E16. Paraffin sections of embryonic brain were stained with purified mAb 203–217. Annexin A7 was visualized with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibody. (A) Overview, at E16 the immature GFAP-negative cells of the forming cerebral neocortex (b) surrounding the lateral ventricle (a) are strongly stained; square, a higher magnification of this area is given in (I). (B) Higher magnification of the earlier stage E13 (H) shows, that the cells are stained in the cytosol (arrowhead). (C) Two days later at E15 the cells have rounded up, and Annexin A7 stays in the cytosol. (D) At E16 the first nuclear staining becomes apparent (arrowhead) in cells of the intermediate zone located between ventricular germinative zone and marginal neopallial cortex as seen in (I), oval. (E-G) Confocal microscopy confirms the results in B-D. (H) Overview, at E13 the immature GFAP-negative cells are strongly stained; a, lateral ventricle. (I) Higher magnification of a cortical section of (A, square) demonstrating ventricular, intermediate, and marginal zones; oval, a higher magnification of this area is given in (D,G). |
PMC1087847_F3_1931.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Subcellular localization of Annexin A7 in embryos E13, E15 and E16. Paraffin sections of embryonic brain were stained with purified mAb 203–217. Annexin A7 was visualized with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibody. (A) Overview, at E16 the immature GFAP-negative cells of the forming cerebral neocortex (b) surrounding the lateral ventricle (a) are strongly stained; square, a higher magnification of this area is given in (I). (B) Higher magnification of the earlier stage E13 (H) shows, that the cells are stained in the cytosol (arrowhead). (C) Two days later at E15 the cells have rounded up, and Annexin A7 stays in the cytosol. (D) At E16 the first nuclear staining becomes apparent (arrowhead) in cells of the intermediate zone located between ventricular germinative zone and marginal neopallial cortex as seen in (I), oval. (E-G) Confocal microscopy confirms the results in B-D. (H) Overview, at E13 the immature GFAP-negative cells are strongly stained; a, lateral ventricle. (I) Higher magnification of a cortical section of (A, square) demonstrating ventricular, intermediate, and marginal zones; oval, a higher magnification of this area is given in (D,G). |
PMC1087847_F3_1927.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Subcellular localization of Annexin A7 in embryos E13, E15 and E16. Paraffin sections of embryonic brain were stained with purified mAb 203–217. Annexin A7 was visualized with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibody. (A) Overview, at E16 the immature GFAP-negative cells of the forming cerebral neocortex (b) surrounding the lateral ventricle (a) are strongly stained; square, a higher magnification of this area is given in (I). (B) Higher magnification of the earlier stage E13 (H) shows, that the cells are stained in the cytosol (arrowhead). (C) Two days later at E15 the cells have rounded up, and Annexin A7 stays in the cytosol. (D) At E16 the first nuclear staining becomes apparent (arrowhead) in cells of the intermediate zone located between ventricular germinative zone and marginal neopallial cortex as seen in (I), oval. (E-G) Confocal microscopy confirms the results in B-D. (H) Overview, at E13 the immature GFAP-negative cells are strongly stained; a, lateral ventricle. (I) Higher magnification of a cortical section of (A, square) demonstrating ventricular, intermediate, and marginal zones; oval, a higher magnification of this area is given in (D,G). |
PMC1087847_F3_1930.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Subcellular localization of Annexin A7 in embryos E13, E15 and E16. Paraffin sections of embryonic brain were stained with purified mAb 203–217. Annexin A7 was visualized with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibody. (A) Overview, at E16 the immature GFAP-negative cells of the forming cerebral neocortex (b) surrounding the lateral ventricle (a) are strongly stained; square, a higher magnification of this area is given in (I). (B) Higher magnification of the earlier stage E13 (H) shows, that the cells are stained in the cytosol (arrowhead). (C) Two days later at E15 the cells have rounded up, and Annexin A7 stays in the cytosol. (D) At E16 the first nuclear staining becomes apparent (arrowhead) in cells of the intermediate zone located between ventricular germinative zone and marginal neopallial cortex as seen in (I), oval. (E-G) Confocal microscopy confirms the results in B-D. (H) Overview, at E13 the immature GFAP-negative cells are strongly stained; a, lateral ventricle. (I) Higher magnification of a cortical section of (A, square) demonstrating ventricular, intermediate, and marginal zones; oval, a higher magnification of this area is given in (D,G). |
PMC1087847_F3_1934.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Subcellular localization of Annexin A7 in embryos E13, E15 and E16. Paraffin sections of embryonic brain were stained with purified mAb 203–217. Annexin A7 was visualized with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibody. (A) Overview, at E16 the immature GFAP-negative cells of the forming cerebral neocortex (b) surrounding the lateral ventricle (a) are strongly stained; square, a higher magnification of this area is given in (I). (B) Higher magnification of the earlier stage E13 (H) shows, that the cells are stained in the cytosol (arrowhead). (C) Two days later at E15 the cells have rounded up, and Annexin A7 stays in the cytosol. (D) At E16 the first nuclear staining becomes apparent (arrowhead) in cells of the intermediate zone located between ventricular germinative zone and marginal neopallial cortex as seen in (I), oval. (E-G) Confocal microscopy confirms the results in B-D. (H) Overview, at E13 the immature GFAP-negative cells are strongly stained; a, lateral ventricle. (I) Higher magnification of a cortical section of (A, square) demonstrating ventricular, intermediate, and marginal zones; oval, a higher magnification of this area is given in (D,G). |
PMC1087847_F4_1946.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Annexin A7 is present in neurons and astrocytes of the cortex temporalis and hippocampal formation of 10-weeks-old mice. (A) Low magnification of the cortex temporalis presents an Annexin A7 expression in cells of the pial border, in neurons of all six isocortical laminae, and a weak signal in the adjacent white matter. (B) Corresponding section stained with GFAP. (C) Staining in the Stratum pyramidalis (a) and in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus; square, a higher magnification of acorresponding area is given in (G,H). An intense Annexin A7 immunostaining is detectable. (D) Corresponding section stained with secondary antibody only. (E) Presence of Annexin A7 in pyramidal neurons (lamina pyramidalis externa) of the isocortex temporalis. These neurons were identified based on their morphology, distribution and lack of GFAP staining. AnnexinA7 exhibits a punctate staining, which is pronounced in the nucleus (arrowhead). (F) Higher magnification of image (A) also shows Annexin A7 in nuclei of neurons (lamina granularis externa (corpuscularis), arrowhead) and in the cytoplasm and nuclei of astrocytes (lamina molecularis, arrow; GFAP-confirmed). (G) Higher magnification of the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus confirms the presence of the Annexin A7 protein in the nucleus (arrowhead) of mature neurons. (H) To further confirm this, a similar section derived from an AnxA7-/- mouse was stained with the annexin specific antibody and lacked the nuclear signal. The residual stain of the tissue is unspecific, as it is also observed in controls of the AnxA7-/- brain omitting the primary antibody (data not shown). All paraffin sections were stained with mAb 203–217 (A, C, E, F, G) or anti-GFAP-antibody (B). The hippocampal control section (D) lacks the primary antibody. |
PMC1087847_F4_1945.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Annexin A7 is present in neurons and astrocytes of the cortex temporalis and hippocampal formation of 10-weeks-old mice. (A) Low magnification of the cortex temporalis presents an Annexin A7 expression in cells of the pial border, in neurons of all six isocortical laminae, and a weak signal in the adjacent white matter. (B) Corresponding section stained with GFAP. (C) Staining in the Stratum pyramidalis (a) and in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus; square, a higher magnification of acorresponding area is given in (G,H). An intense Annexin A7 immunostaining is detectable. (D) Corresponding section stained with secondary antibody only. (E) Presence of Annexin A7 in pyramidal neurons (lamina pyramidalis externa) of the isocortex temporalis. These neurons were identified based on their morphology, distribution and lack of GFAP staining. AnnexinA7 exhibits a punctate staining, which is pronounced in the nucleus (arrowhead). (F) Higher magnification of image (A) also shows Annexin A7 in nuclei of neurons (lamina granularis externa (corpuscularis), arrowhead) and in the cytoplasm and nuclei of astrocytes (lamina molecularis, arrow; GFAP-confirmed). (G) Higher magnification of the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus confirms the presence of the Annexin A7 protein in the nucleus (arrowhead) of mature neurons. (H) To further confirm this, a similar section derived from an AnxA7-/- mouse was stained with the annexin specific antibody and lacked the nuclear signal. The residual stain of the tissue is unspecific, as it is also observed in controls of the AnxA7-/- brain omitting the primary antibody (data not shown). All paraffin sections were stained with mAb 203–217 (A, C, E, F, G) or anti-GFAP-antibody (B). The hippocampal control section (D) lacks the primary antibody. |
PMC1087847_F4_1943.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Annexin A7 is present in neurons and astrocytes of the cortex temporalis and hippocampal formation of 10-weeks-old mice. (A) Low magnification of the cortex temporalis presents an Annexin A7 expression in cells of the pial border, in neurons of all six isocortical laminae, and a weak signal in the adjacent white matter. (B) Corresponding section stained with GFAP. (C) Staining in the Stratum pyramidalis (a) and in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus; square, a higher magnification of acorresponding area is given in (G,H). An intense Annexin A7 immunostaining is detectable. (D) Corresponding section stained with secondary antibody only. (E) Presence of Annexin A7 in pyramidal neurons (lamina pyramidalis externa) of the isocortex temporalis. These neurons were identified based on their morphology, distribution and lack of GFAP staining. AnnexinA7 exhibits a punctate staining, which is pronounced in the nucleus (arrowhead). (F) Higher magnification of image (A) also shows Annexin A7 in nuclei of neurons (lamina granularis externa (corpuscularis), arrowhead) and in the cytoplasm and nuclei of astrocytes (lamina molecularis, arrow; GFAP-confirmed). (G) Higher magnification of the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus confirms the presence of the Annexin A7 protein in the nucleus (arrowhead) of mature neurons. (H) To further confirm this, a similar section derived from an AnxA7-/- mouse was stained with the annexin specific antibody and lacked the nuclear signal. The residual stain of the tissue is unspecific, as it is also observed in controls of the AnxA7-/- brain omitting the primary antibody (data not shown). All paraffin sections were stained with mAb 203–217 (A, C, E, F, G) or anti-GFAP-antibody (B). The hippocampal control section (D) lacks the primary antibody. |
PMC1087847_F4_1941.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Annexin A7 is present in neurons and astrocytes of the cortex temporalis and hippocampal formation of 10-weeks-old mice. (A) Low magnification of the cortex temporalis presents an Annexin A7 expression in cells of the pial border, in neurons of all six isocortical laminae, and a weak signal in the adjacent white matter. (B) Corresponding section stained with GFAP. (C) Staining in the Stratum pyramidalis (a) and in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus; square, a higher magnification of acorresponding area is given in (G,H). An intense Annexin A7 immunostaining is detectable. (D) Corresponding section stained with secondary antibody only. (E) Presence of Annexin A7 in pyramidal neurons (lamina pyramidalis externa) of the isocortex temporalis. These neurons were identified based on their morphology, distribution and lack of GFAP staining. AnnexinA7 exhibits a punctate staining, which is pronounced in the nucleus (arrowhead). (F) Higher magnification of image (A) also shows Annexin A7 in nuclei of neurons (lamina granularis externa (corpuscularis), arrowhead) and in the cytoplasm and nuclei of astrocytes (lamina molecularis, arrow; GFAP-confirmed). (G) Higher magnification of the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus confirms the presence of the Annexin A7 protein in the nucleus (arrowhead) of mature neurons. (H) To further confirm this, a similar section derived from an AnxA7-/- mouse was stained with the annexin specific antibody and lacked the nuclear signal. The residual stain of the tissue is unspecific, as it is also observed in controls of the AnxA7-/- brain omitting the primary antibody (data not shown). All paraffin sections were stained with mAb 203–217 (A, C, E, F, G) or anti-GFAP-antibody (B). The hippocampal control section (D) lacks the primary antibody. |
PMC1087847_F5_1916.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Annexin A7 immunostaining in the cerebellum of adult mice. (A) Low magnification of the cerebellum presents an Annexin A7 expression mainly in cells of the stratum granulosum and laminae medullares. (B) Corresponding section stained for GFAP. (C) Higher magnification of folia of the cerebellum, where a polyclonal anti-AnnexinA7 antibody was used; square, a higher magnification of acorresponding area stained with mAb 203–217 is given in (D). Between stratum granulosum and stratum moleculare the layer of Purkinje-cells (stratum neuronorum piriformium (ganglionare)) can be observed. (D) Staining of the band of Purkinje-cells (arrows). The positive Annexin A7-stain in the stratum granulosum is due to staining of the nuclei of neurons. (E) In addition to an intense staining of the nucleus, the cell body is AnnexinA7-positive including both dendrites of the Purkinje-cell shown. (F) Corresponding section from an AnxA7-/- mouse. (G) AnnexinA7 staining of axons (arrowheads) running from the laminae medullares to the Purkinje-cell layer located in the round end of a convolution. Sections A, D, E, F, G were stained with mAb 203–217. |
PMC1087847_F5_1910.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Annexin A7 immunostaining in the cerebellum of adult mice. (A) Low magnification of the cerebellum presents an Annexin A7 expression mainly in cells of the stratum granulosum and laminae medullares. (B) Corresponding section stained for GFAP. (C) Higher magnification of folia of the cerebellum, where a polyclonal anti-AnnexinA7 antibody was used; square, a higher magnification of acorresponding area stained with mAb 203–217 is given in (D). Between stratum granulosum and stratum moleculare the layer of Purkinje-cells (stratum neuronorum piriformium (ganglionare)) can be observed. (D) Staining of the band of Purkinje-cells (arrows). The positive Annexin A7-stain in the stratum granulosum is due to staining of the nuclei of neurons. (E) In addition to an intense staining of the nucleus, the cell body is AnnexinA7-positive including both dendrites of the Purkinje-cell shown. (F) Corresponding section from an AnxA7-/- mouse. (G) AnnexinA7 staining of axons (arrowheads) running from the laminae medullares to the Purkinje-cell layer located in the round end of a convolution. Sections A, D, E, F, G were stained with mAb 203–217. |
PMC1087847_F5_1915.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Annexin A7 immunostaining in the cerebellum of adult mice. (A) Low magnification of the cerebellum presents an Annexin A7 expression mainly in cells of the stratum granulosum and laminae medullares. (B) Corresponding section stained for GFAP. (C) Higher magnification of folia of the cerebellum, where a polyclonal anti-AnnexinA7 antibody was used; square, a higher magnification of acorresponding area stained with mAb 203–217 is given in (D). Between stratum granulosum and stratum moleculare the layer of Purkinje-cells (stratum neuronorum piriformium (ganglionare)) can be observed. (D) Staining of the band of Purkinje-cells (arrows). The positive Annexin A7-stain in the stratum granulosum is due to staining of the nuclei of neurons. (E) In addition to an intense staining of the nucleus, the cell body is AnnexinA7-positive including both dendrites of the Purkinje-cell shown. (F) Corresponding section from an AnxA7-/- mouse. (G) AnnexinA7 staining of axons (arrowheads) running from the laminae medullares to the Purkinje-cell layer located in the round end of a convolution. Sections A, D, E, F, G were stained with mAb 203–217. |
PMC1087847_F5_1914.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Annexin A7 immunostaining in the cerebellum of adult mice. (A) Low magnification of the cerebellum presents an Annexin A7 expression mainly in cells of the stratum granulosum and laminae medullares. (B) Corresponding section stained for GFAP. (C) Higher magnification of folia of the cerebellum, where a polyclonal anti-AnnexinA7 antibody was used; square, a higher magnification of acorresponding area stained with mAb 203–217 is given in (D). Between stratum granulosum and stratum moleculare the layer of Purkinje-cells (stratum neuronorum piriformium (ganglionare)) can be observed. (D) Staining of the band of Purkinje-cells (arrows). The positive Annexin A7-stain in the stratum granulosum is due to staining of the nuclei of neurons. (E) In addition to an intense staining of the nucleus, the cell body is AnnexinA7-positive including both dendrites of the Purkinje-cell shown. (F) Corresponding section from an AnxA7-/- mouse. (G) AnnexinA7 staining of axons (arrowheads) running from the laminae medullares to the Purkinje-cell layer located in the round end of a convolution. Sections A, D, E, F, G were stained with mAb 203–217. |
PMC1087848_F1_1935.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Cat SI and SII optical responses to 25 Hz vibrotactile stimulation of the forepaws. A. View of the cortical surface, showing the vascular pattern and coronal (COR), ansate (ANS), and suprasylvian (SS) sulci. Exposed portions of SI and SII are indicated. Below: Averaged absorbance images for responses evoked by (B) contralateral, (C) ipsilateral and (D) bilateral stimuli. Individual absorbance images were generated by subtracting each prestimulus (reference) image from its corresponding poststimulus image and subsequently dividing by the reference image. Averages are generated by summating the data obtained at a particular frame across trials (in this case, at 5 sec after stimulus onset). Stimulus sites are indicated by figurines. Scale bar is 2 mm. Orientation of images indicated by P (posterior), A (anterior), M (medial) and L (lateral) axes. Components of this figure have been previously reported [4]. |
PMC1087848_F1_1937.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Cat SI and SII optical responses to 25 Hz vibrotactile stimulation of the forepaws. A. View of the cortical surface, showing the vascular pattern and coronal (COR), ansate (ANS), and suprasylvian (SS) sulci. Exposed portions of SI and SII are indicated. Below: Averaged absorbance images for responses evoked by (B) contralateral, (C) ipsilateral and (D) bilateral stimuli. Individual absorbance images were generated by subtracting each prestimulus (reference) image from its corresponding poststimulus image and subsequently dividing by the reference image. Averages are generated by summating the data obtained at a particular frame across trials (in this case, at 5 sec after stimulus onset). Stimulus sites are indicated by figurines. Scale bar is 2 mm. Orientation of images indicated by P (posterior), A (anterior), M (medial) and L (lateral) axes. Components of this figure have been previously reported [4]. |
PMC1087848_F1_1938.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Cat SI and SII optical responses to 25 Hz vibrotactile stimulation of the forepaws. A. View of the cortical surface, showing the vascular pattern and coronal (COR), ansate (ANS), and suprasylvian (SS) sulci. Exposed portions of SI and SII are indicated. Below: Averaged absorbance images for responses evoked by (B) contralateral, (C) ipsilateral and (D) bilateral stimuli. Individual absorbance images were generated by subtracting each prestimulus (reference) image from its corresponding poststimulus image and subsequently dividing by the reference image. Averages are generated by summating the data obtained at a particular frame across trials (in this case, at 5 sec after stimulus onset). Stimulus sites are indicated by figurines. Scale bar is 2 mm. Orientation of images indicated by P (posterior), A (anterior), M (medial) and L (lateral) axes. Components of this figure have been previously reported [4]. |
PMC1087855_F1_1951.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Localized and transmitted wound responses of the GFP-Nit1 marker. (A, B) Aggregation in cells abutting a wound site. A 35S GFP-Nit1 leaf petiole was severed by a razor blade incision at a 45° angle to the main axis of the petiole. Three mesophyll cells exposed by the wound are indicated by the white arrows (panel B) – note the extensive redistribution of the marker in these cells to organelle-associated aggregates, which is particularly evident around chloroplasts (red fluorescence). (C) Transmitted wound response. A 35S GFP-Nit1 seedling was mounted in 0.5X MS and punctured above the root meristem (wound site marked with an arrow). Imaging was initiated after an ~45 – 60 second delay between the wound and alignment of the root tip with field of view. Aggregates become evident several cell layers removed from the wound site (marked with an asterisk). Times shown are in minutes. The image shown in A and B are 3-dimensional reconstruction of a Z-series taken 5 min after wounding. Chloroplasts are visible because of their red autofluorescence. Images in C are single optical sections. Scale bars: A 10 μm; B, C 25 μm. |
PMC1087855_F1_1950.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Localized and transmitted wound responses of the GFP-Nit1 marker. (A, B) Aggregation in cells abutting a wound site. A 35S GFP-Nit1 leaf petiole was severed by a razor blade incision at a 45° angle to the main axis of the petiole. Three mesophyll cells exposed by the wound are indicated by the white arrows (panel B) – note the extensive redistribution of the marker in these cells to organelle-associated aggregates, which is particularly evident around chloroplasts (red fluorescence). (C) Transmitted wound response. A 35S GFP-Nit1 seedling was mounted in 0.5X MS and punctured above the root meristem (wound site marked with an arrow). Imaging was initiated after an ~45 – 60 second delay between the wound and alignment of the root tip with field of view. Aggregates become evident several cell layers removed from the wound site (marked with an asterisk). Times shown are in minutes. The image shown in A and B are 3-dimensional reconstruction of a Z-series taken 5 min after wounding. Chloroplasts are visible because of their red autofluorescence. Images in C are single optical sections. Scale bars: A 10 μm; B, C 25 μm. |
PMC1087855_F1_1948.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Localized and transmitted wound responses of the GFP-Nit1 marker. (A, B) Aggregation in cells abutting a wound site. A 35S GFP-Nit1 leaf petiole was severed by a razor blade incision at a 45° angle to the main axis of the petiole. Three mesophyll cells exposed by the wound are indicated by the white arrows (panel B) – note the extensive redistribution of the marker in these cells to organelle-associated aggregates, which is particularly evident around chloroplasts (red fluorescence). (C) Transmitted wound response. A 35S GFP-Nit1 seedling was mounted in 0.5X MS and punctured above the root meristem (wound site marked with an arrow). Imaging was initiated after an ~45 – 60 second delay between the wound and alignment of the root tip with field of view. Aggregates become evident several cell layers removed from the wound site (marked with an asterisk). Times shown are in minutes. The image shown in A and B are 3-dimensional reconstruction of a Z-series taken 5 min after wounding. Chloroplasts are visible because of their red autofluorescence. Images in C are single optical sections. Scale bars: A 10 μm; B, C 25 μm. |
PMC1087855_F1_1949.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Localized and transmitted wound responses of the GFP-Nit1 marker. (A, B) Aggregation in cells abutting a wound site. A 35S GFP-Nit1 leaf petiole was severed by a razor blade incision at a 45° angle to the main axis of the petiole. Three mesophyll cells exposed by the wound are indicated by the white arrows (panel B) – note the extensive redistribution of the marker in these cells to organelle-associated aggregates, which is particularly evident around chloroplasts (red fluorescence). (C) Transmitted wound response. A 35S GFP-Nit1 seedling was mounted in 0.5X MS and punctured above the root meristem (wound site marked with an arrow). Imaging was initiated after an ~45 – 60 second delay between the wound and alignment of the root tip with field of view. Aggregates become evident several cell layers removed from the wound site (marked with an asterisk). Times shown are in minutes. The image shown in A and B are 3-dimensional reconstruction of a Z-series taken 5 min after wounding. Chloroplasts are visible because of their red autofluorescence. Images in C are single optical sections. Scale bars: A 10 μm; B, C 25 μm. |
PMC1087855_F1_1952.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Localized and transmitted wound responses of the GFP-Nit1 marker. (A, B) Aggregation in cells abutting a wound site. A 35S GFP-Nit1 leaf petiole was severed by a razor blade incision at a 45° angle to the main axis of the petiole. Three mesophyll cells exposed by the wound are indicated by the white arrows (panel B) – note the extensive redistribution of the marker in these cells to organelle-associated aggregates, which is particularly evident around chloroplasts (red fluorescence). (C) Transmitted wound response. A 35S GFP-Nit1 seedling was mounted in 0.5X MS and punctured above the root meristem (wound site marked with an arrow). Imaging was initiated after an ~45 – 60 second delay between the wound and alignment of the root tip with field of view. Aggregates become evident several cell layers removed from the wound site (marked with an asterisk). Times shown are in minutes. The image shown in A and B are 3-dimensional reconstruction of a Z-series taken 5 min after wounding. Chloroplasts are visible because of their red autofluorescence. Images in C are single optical sections. Scale bars: A 10 μm; B, C 25 μm. |
PMC1087855_F2_1975.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Nuclear and cellular collapse during the wound response. The GFP-Nit1 line N1P2E was wounded and a confocal Z-series was immediately collected at 60 sec intervals from a region abutting the wound. (A) Nuclear contraction of a nucleus (adjacent to the white arrow) in a wound-proximal cotyledon epidermal cell that after wounding displayed the aggregation response (aggregates indicated by red arrows) then collapsed. (B) Cellular collapse by one of several cells in the wound site that displayed GFP-Nit1 aggregates and contractions. The red arrow points to the edge of the contracting cell and the white arrow to the wall of an adjacent cell. Note the detachment of the cell from the wall (most evident at 48 min after wounding). (C) Reversibility of transmitted response. An agarose-mounted 35S GFP-Nit1 plant was wounded above the root meristem and imaged by the acquisition of Z-series at 2 min intervals for 60 min (see supplemental data for complete image series). In the first time point after wounding, the aggregation response had spread throughout much of the root meristem. Over time, the aggregates reverted back to a cytoplasmic distribution pattern and cytoplasmic streaming was evident. Images in A are single confocal optical sections, B and C are reconstructions from Z-series stacks. The numbers in the lower right of each panel indicate time in min from the start of imaging. Scale bars A, B = 25 μm; C = 20 μm. |
PMC1087855_F2_1970.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Nuclear and cellular collapse during the wound response. The GFP-Nit1 line N1P2E was wounded and a confocal Z-series was immediately collected at 60 sec intervals from a region abutting the wound. (A) Nuclear contraction of a nucleus (adjacent to the white arrow) in a wound-proximal cotyledon epidermal cell that after wounding displayed the aggregation response (aggregates indicated by red arrows) then collapsed. (B) Cellular collapse by one of several cells in the wound site that displayed GFP-Nit1 aggregates and contractions. The red arrow points to the edge of the contracting cell and the white arrow to the wall of an adjacent cell. Note the detachment of the cell from the wall (most evident at 48 min after wounding). (C) Reversibility of transmitted response. An agarose-mounted 35S GFP-Nit1 plant was wounded above the root meristem and imaged by the acquisition of Z-series at 2 min intervals for 60 min (see supplemental data for complete image series). In the first time point after wounding, the aggregation response had spread throughout much of the root meristem. Over time, the aggregates reverted back to a cytoplasmic distribution pattern and cytoplasmic streaming was evident. Images in A are single confocal optical sections, B and C are reconstructions from Z-series stacks. The numbers in the lower right of each panel indicate time in min from the start of imaging. Scale bars A, B = 25 μm; C = 20 μm. |
PMC1087855_F2_1977.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Nuclear and cellular collapse during the wound response. The GFP-Nit1 line N1P2E was wounded and a confocal Z-series was immediately collected at 60 sec intervals from a region abutting the wound. (A) Nuclear contraction of a nucleus (adjacent to the white arrow) in a wound-proximal cotyledon epidermal cell that after wounding displayed the aggregation response (aggregates indicated by red arrows) then collapsed. (B) Cellular collapse by one of several cells in the wound site that displayed GFP-Nit1 aggregates and contractions. The red arrow points to the edge of the contracting cell and the white arrow to the wall of an adjacent cell. Note the detachment of the cell from the wall (most evident at 48 min after wounding). (C) Reversibility of transmitted response. An agarose-mounted 35S GFP-Nit1 plant was wounded above the root meristem and imaged by the acquisition of Z-series at 2 min intervals for 60 min (see supplemental data for complete image series). In the first time point after wounding, the aggregation response had spread throughout much of the root meristem. Over time, the aggregates reverted back to a cytoplasmic distribution pattern and cytoplasmic streaming was evident. Images in A are single confocal optical sections, B and C are reconstructions from Z-series stacks. The numbers in the lower right of each panel indicate time in min from the start of imaging. Scale bars A, B = 25 μm; C = 20 μm. |
PMC1087855_F2_1978.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Nuclear and cellular collapse during the wound response. The GFP-Nit1 line N1P2E was wounded and a confocal Z-series was immediately collected at 60 sec intervals from a region abutting the wound. (A) Nuclear contraction of a nucleus (adjacent to the white arrow) in a wound-proximal cotyledon epidermal cell that after wounding displayed the aggregation response (aggregates indicated by red arrows) then collapsed. (B) Cellular collapse by one of several cells in the wound site that displayed GFP-Nit1 aggregates and contractions. The red arrow points to the edge of the contracting cell and the white arrow to the wall of an adjacent cell. Note the detachment of the cell from the wall (most evident at 48 min after wounding). (C) Reversibility of transmitted response. An agarose-mounted 35S GFP-Nit1 plant was wounded above the root meristem and imaged by the acquisition of Z-series at 2 min intervals for 60 min (see supplemental data for complete image series). In the first time point after wounding, the aggregation response had spread throughout much of the root meristem. Over time, the aggregates reverted back to a cytoplasmic distribution pattern and cytoplasmic streaming was evident. Images in A are single confocal optical sections, B and C are reconstructions from Z-series stacks. The numbers in the lower right of each panel indicate time in min from the start of imaging. Scale bars A, B = 25 μm; C = 20 μm. |
PMC1087855_F2_1973.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Nuclear and cellular collapse during the wound response. The GFP-Nit1 line N1P2E was wounded and a confocal Z-series was immediately collected at 60 sec intervals from a region abutting the wound. (A) Nuclear contraction of a nucleus (adjacent to the white arrow) in a wound-proximal cotyledon epidermal cell that after wounding displayed the aggregation response (aggregates indicated by red arrows) then collapsed. (B) Cellular collapse by one of several cells in the wound site that displayed GFP-Nit1 aggregates and contractions. The red arrow points to the edge of the contracting cell and the white arrow to the wall of an adjacent cell. Note the detachment of the cell from the wall (most evident at 48 min after wounding). (C) Reversibility of transmitted response. An agarose-mounted 35S GFP-Nit1 plant was wounded above the root meristem and imaged by the acquisition of Z-series at 2 min intervals for 60 min (see supplemental data for complete image series). In the first time point after wounding, the aggregation response had spread throughout much of the root meristem. Over time, the aggregates reverted back to a cytoplasmic distribution pattern and cytoplasmic streaming was evident. Images in A are single confocal optical sections, B and C are reconstructions from Z-series stacks. The numbers in the lower right of each panel indicate time in min from the start of imaging. Scale bars A, B = 25 μm; C = 20 μm. |
PMC1087855_F2_1976.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Nuclear and cellular collapse during the wound response. The GFP-Nit1 line N1P2E was wounded and a confocal Z-series was immediately collected at 60 sec intervals from a region abutting the wound. (A) Nuclear contraction of a nucleus (adjacent to the white arrow) in a wound-proximal cotyledon epidermal cell that after wounding displayed the aggregation response (aggregates indicated by red arrows) then collapsed. (B) Cellular collapse by one of several cells in the wound site that displayed GFP-Nit1 aggregates and contractions. The red arrow points to the edge of the contracting cell and the white arrow to the wall of an adjacent cell. Note the detachment of the cell from the wall (most evident at 48 min after wounding). (C) Reversibility of transmitted response. An agarose-mounted 35S GFP-Nit1 plant was wounded above the root meristem and imaged by the acquisition of Z-series at 2 min intervals for 60 min (see supplemental data for complete image series). In the first time point after wounding, the aggregation response had spread throughout much of the root meristem. Over time, the aggregates reverted back to a cytoplasmic distribution pattern and cytoplasmic streaming was evident. Images in A are single confocal optical sections, B and C are reconstructions from Z-series stacks. The numbers in the lower right of each panel indicate time in min from the start of imaging. Scale bars A, B = 25 μm; C = 20 μm. |
PMC1087855_F2_1971.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Nuclear and cellular collapse during the wound response. The GFP-Nit1 line N1P2E was wounded and a confocal Z-series was immediately collected at 60 sec intervals from a region abutting the wound. (A) Nuclear contraction of a nucleus (adjacent to the white arrow) in a wound-proximal cotyledon epidermal cell that after wounding displayed the aggregation response (aggregates indicated by red arrows) then collapsed. (B) Cellular collapse by one of several cells in the wound site that displayed GFP-Nit1 aggregates and contractions. The red arrow points to the edge of the contracting cell and the white arrow to the wall of an adjacent cell. Note the detachment of the cell from the wall (most evident at 48 min after wounding). (C) Reversibility of transmitted response. An agarose-mounted 35S GFP-Nit1 plant was wounded above the root meristem and imaged by the acquisition of Z-series at 2 min intervals for 60 min (see supplemental data for complete image series). In the first time point after wounding, the aggregation response had spread throughout much of the root meristem. Over time, the aggregates reverted back to a cytoplasmic distribution pattern and cytoplasmic streaming was evident. Images in A are single confocal optical sections, B and C are reconstructions from Z-series stacks. The numbers in the lower right of each panel indicate time in min from the start of imaging. Scale bars A, B = 25 μm; C = 20 μm. |
PMC1087855_F2_1969.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Nuclear and cellular collapse during the wound response. The GFP-Nit1 line N1P2E was wounded and a confocal Z-series was immediately collected at 60 sec intervals from a region abutting the wound. (A) Nuclear contraction of a nucleus (adjacent to the white arrow) in a wound-proximal cotyledon epidermal cell that after wounding displayed the aggregation response (aggregates indicated by red arrows) then collapsed. (B) Cellular collapse by one of several cells in the wound site that displayed GFP-Nit1 aggregates and contractions. The red arrow points to the edge of the contracting cell and the white arrow to the wall of an adjacent cell. Note the detachment of the cell from the wall (most evident at 48 min after wounding). (C) Reversibility of transmitted response. An agarose-mounted 35S GFP-Nit1 plant was wounded above the root meristem and imaged by the acquisition of Z-series at 2 min intervals for 60 min (see supplemental data for complete image series). In the first time point after wounding, the aggregation response had spread throughout much of the root meristem. Over time, the aggregates reverted back to a cytoplasmic distribution pattern and cytoplasmic streaming was evident. Images in A are single confocal optical sections, B and C are reconstructions from Z-series stacks. The numbers in the lower right of each panel indicate time in min from the start of imaging. Scale bars A, B = 25 μm; C = 20 μm. |
PMC1087855_F3_1962.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Wound induced nuclear collapse in nuclear marker lines. (A) Nuclear response in line N6. Following wounding of a hypocotyl, the nucleus (arrow) first swells then contracts. The asterisk at time = 0 illustrates the normal lentoid shape of hypocotyl nuclei. Contraction is followed by a decrease in GFP fluorescence, most evident between the 16 and 20-min time points. This is followed later by intense nuclear propidium iodide staining (shown in red, adjacent to arrow). (B) Nuclear response in a wounded hypocotyl of an N7 line. Contraction of the nucleus (red arrow), decrease in nuclear fluorescence and release of nuclear fluorescence into the cytoplasm are evident. Note the formation of lobes (marked with a white arrow) around the contracting nucleus (red arrow). The time series in A and B are brightest-point reconstructions. Times shown are in min. Scale bars: A = 25 μm, B = 10 μm. |
PMC1087855_F3_1956.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Wound induced nuclear collapse in nuclear marker lines. (A) Nuclear response in line N6. Following wounding of a hypocotyl, the nucleus (arrow) first swells then contracts. The asterisk at time = 0 illustrates the normal lentoid shape of hypocotyl nuclei. Contraction is followed by a decrease in GFP fluorescence, most evident between the 16 and 20-min time points. This is followed later by intense nuclear propidium iodide staining (shown in red, adjacent to arrow). (B) Nuclear response in a wounded hypocotyl of an N7 line. Contraction of the nucleus (red arrow), decrease in nuclear fluorescence and release of nuclear fluorescence into the cytoplasm are evident. Note the formation of lobes (marked with a white arrow) around the contracting nucleus (red arrow). The time series in A and B are brightest-point reconstructions. Times shown are in min. Scale bars: A = 25 μm, B = 10 μm. |
PMC1087855_F3_1964.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Wound induced nuclear collapse in nuclear marker lines. (A) Nuclear response in line N6. Following wounding of a hypocotyl, the nucleus (arrow) first swells then contracts. The asterisk at time = 0 illustrates the normal lentoid shape of hypocotyl nuclei. Contraction is followed by a decrease in GFP fluorescence, most evident between the 16 and 20-min time points. This is followed later by intense nuclear propidium iodide staining (shown in red, adjacent to arrow). (B) Nuclear response in a wounded hypocotyl of an N7 line. Contraction of the nucleus (red arrow), decrease in nuclear fluorescence and release of nuclear fluorescence into the cytoplasm are evident. Note the formation of lobes (marked with a white arrow) around the contracting nucleus (red arrow). The time series in A and B are brightest-point reconstructions. Times shown are in min. Scale bars: A = 25 μm, B = 10 μm. |
PMC1087855_F3_1963.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Wound induced nuclear collapse in nuclear marker lines. (A) Nuclear response in line N6. Following wounding of a hypocotyl, the nucleus (arrow) first swells then contracts. The asterisk at time = 0 illustrates the normal lentoid shape of hypocotyl nuclei. Contraction is followed by a decrease in GFP fluorescence, most evident between the 16 and 20-min time points. This is followed later by intense nuclear propidium iodide staining (shown in red, adjacent to arrow). (B) Nuclear response in a wounded hypocotyl of an N7 line. Contraction of the nucleus (red arrow), decrease in nuclear fluorescence and release of nuclear fluorescence into the cytoplasm are evident. Note the formation of lobes (marked with a white arrow) around the contracting nucleus (red arrow). The time series in A and B are brightest-point reconstructions. Times shown are in min. Scale bars: A = 25 μm, B = 10 μm. |
PMC1087855_F3_1966.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Wound induced nuclear collapse in nuclear marker lines. (A) Nuclear response in line N6. Following wounding of a hypocotyl, the nucleus (arrow) first swells then contracts. The asterisk at time = 0 illustrates the normal lentoid shape of hypocotyl nuclei. Contraction is followed by a decrease in GFP fluorescence, most evident between the 16 and 20-min time points. This is followed later by intense nuclear propidium iodide staining (shown in red, adjacent to arrow). (B) Nuclear response in a wounded hypocotyl of an N7 line. Contraction of the nucleus (red arrow), decrease in nuclear fluorescence and release of nuclear fluorescence into the cytoplasm are evident. Note the formation of lobes (marked with a white arrow) around the contracting nucleus (red arrow). The time series in A and B are brightest-point reconstructions. Times shown are in min. Scale bars: A = 25 μm, B = 10 μm. |
PMC1087855_F3_1957.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Wound induced nuclear collapse in nuclear marker lines. (A) Nuclear response in line N6. Following wounding of a hypocotyl, the nucleus (arrow) first swells then contracts. The asterisk at time = 0 illustrates the normal lentoid shape of hypocotyl nuclei. Contraction is followed by a decrease in GFP fluorescence, most evident between the 16 and 20-min time points. This is followed later by intense nuclear propidium iodide staining (shown in red, adjacent to arrow). (B) Nuclear response in a wounded hypocotyl of an N7 line. Contraction of the nucleus (red arrow), decrease in nuclear fluorescence and release of nuclear fluorescence into the cytoplasm are evident. Note the formation of lobes (marked with a white arrow) around the contracting nucleus (red arrow). The time series in A and B are brightest-point reconstructions. Times shown are in min. Scale bars: A = 25 μm, B = 10 μm. |
PMC1087855_F3_1960.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Wound induced nuclear collapse in nuclear marker lines. (A) Nuclear response in line N6. Following wounding of a hypocotyl, the nucleus (arrow) first swells then contracts. The asterisk at time = 0 illustrates the normal lentoid shape of hypocotyl nuclei. Contraction is followed by a decrease in GFP fluorescence, most evident between the 16 and 20-min time points. This is followed later by intense nuclear propidium iodide staining (shown in red, adjacent to arrow). (B) Nuclear response in a wounded hypocotyl of an N7 line. Contraction of the nucleus (red arrow), decrease in nuclear fluorescence and release of nuclear fluorescence into the cytoplasm are evident. Note the formation of lobes (marked with a white arrow) around the contracting nucleus (red arrow). The time series in A and B are brightest-point reconstructions. Times shown are in min. Scale bars: A = 25 μm, B = 10 μm. |
PMC1087855_F3_1961.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Wound induced nuclear collapse in nuclear marker lines. (A) Nuclear response in line N6. Following wounding of a hypocotyl, the nucleus (arrow) first swells then contracts. The asterisk at time = 0 illustrates the normal lentoid shape of hypocotyl nuclei. Contraction is followed by a decrease in GFP fluorescence, most evident between the 16 and 20-min time points. This is followed later by intense nuclear propidium iodide staining (shown in red, adjacent to arrow). (B) Nuclear response in a wounded hypocotyl of an N7 line. Contraction of the nucleus (red arrow), decrease in nuclear fluorescence and release of nuclear fluorescence into the cytoplasm are evident. Note the formation of lobes (marked with a white arrow) around the contracting nucleus (red arrow). The time series in A and B are brightest-point reconstructions. Times shown are in min. Scale bars: A = 25 μm, B = 10 μm. |
PMC1087855_F3_1955.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Wound induced nuclear collapse in nuclear marker lines. (A) Nuclear response in line N6. Following wounding of a hypocotyl, the nucleus (arrow) first swells then contracts. The asterisk at time = 0 illustrates the normal lentoid shape of hypocotyl nuclei. Contraction is followed by a decrease in GFP fluorescence, most evident between the 16 and 20-min time points. This is followed later by intense nuclear propidium iodide staining (shown in red, adjacent to arrow). (B) Nuclear response in a wounded hypocotyl of an N7 line. Contraction of the nucleus (red arrow), decrease in nuclear fluorescence and release of nuclear fluorescence into the cytoplasm are evident. Note the formation of lobes (marked with a white arrow) around the contracting nucleus (red arrow). The time series in A and B are brightest-point reconstructions. Times shown are in min. Scale bars: A = 25 μm, B = 10 μm. |
PMC1087855_F4_1990.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Nuclear lobes are bound by the ER membrane and contain ER lumen contents. A hypocotyl of the ER membrane marker line Q4 was wounded and imaged at 2-minute intervals by confocal microscopy. The simultaneous contraction and lobing of the nucleus are evident as a separation of the nuclear envelope. (A) 3D reconstruction of the contracting nucleus made with a brightest-point reconstruction of the acquired data set. (B) The same data set as in Fig. 4A at a single optical section through the mid-plane of the contracting nucleus, illuminating the double membrane structure (pointed to by arrows) and its separation. (C) A single optical section through the contracted nucleus shows propidium iodide staining (shown in red) of the interior, demonstrating that the nuclear lumen is interior to the lobes. (D, E) Hypocotyls of a line expressing the ER-lumenal GFP marker mGFP5 were wounded. Shown are contracting epidermal nuclei (white arrows) from two independent wound experiments using mGFP5 approximately 10 min after wounding. The inter-lobal space contains mGFP5 label (red arrows), indicating that this compartment is contiguous with the lumen of the ER. GFP fluorescence is shown in green and propidium iodide in red. Scale bars = 10 μm. |
PMC1087855_F4_1983.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Nuclear lobes are bound by the ER membrane and contain ER lumen contents. A hypocotyl of the ER membrane marker line Q4 was wounded and imaged at 2-minute intervals by confocal microscopy. The simultaneous contraction and lobing of the nucleus are evident as a separation of the nuclear envelope. (A) 3D reconstruction of the contracting nucleus made with a brightest-point reconstruction of the acquired data set. (B) The same data set as in Fig. 4A at a single optical section through the mid-plane of the contracting nucleus, illuminating the double membrane structure (pointed to by arrows) and its separation. (C) A single optical section through the contracted nucleus shows propidium iodide staining (shown in red) of the interior, demonstrating that the nuclear lumen is interior to the lobes. (D, E) Hypocotyls of a line expressing the ER-lumenal GFP marker mGFP5 were wounded. Shown are contracting epidermal nuclei (white arrows) from two independent wound experiments using mGFP5 approximately 10 min after wounding. The inter-lobal space contains mGFP5 label (red arrows), indicating that this compartment is contiguous with the lumen of the ER. GFP fluorescence is shown in green and propidium iodide in red. Scale bars = 10 μm. |
PMC1087855_F4_1984.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Nuclear lobes are bound by the ER membrane and contain ER lumen contents. A hypocotyl of the ER membrane marker line Q4 was wounded and imaged at 2-minute intervals by confocal microscopy. The simultaneous contraction and lobing of the nucleus are evident as a separation of the nuclear envelope. (A) 3D reconstruction of the contracting nucleus made with a brightest-point reconstruction of the acquired data set. (B) The same data set as in Fig. 4A at a single optical section through the mid-plane of the contracting nucleus, illuminating the double membrane structure (pointed to by arrows) and its separation. (C) A single optical section through the contracted nucleus shows propidium iodide staining (shown in red) of the interior, demonstrating that the nuclear lumen is interior to the lobes. (D, E) Hypocotyls of a line expressing the ER-lumenal GFP marker mGFP5 were wounded. Shown are contracting epidermal nuclei (white arrows) from two independent wound experiments using mGFP5 approximately 10 min after wounding. The inter-lobal space contains mGFP5 label (red arrows), indicating that this compartment is contiguous with the lumen of the ER. GFP fluorescence is shown in green and propidium iodide in red. Scale bars = 10 μm. |
PMC1087855_F4_1985.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Nuclear lobes are bound by the ER membrane and contain ER lumen contents. A hypocotyl of the ER membrane marker line Q4 was wounded and imaged at 2-minute intervals by confocal microscopy. The simultaneous contraction and lobing of the nucleus are evident as a separation of the nuclear envelope. (A) 3D reconstruction of the contracting nucleus made with a brightest-point reconstruction of the acquired data set. (B) The same data set as in Fig. 4A at a single optical section through the mid-plane of the contracting nucleus, illuminating the double membrane structure (pointed to by arrows) and its separation. (C) A single optical section through the contracted nucleus shows propidium iodide staining (shown in red) of the interior, demonstrating that the nuclear lumen is interior to the lobes. (D, E) Hypocotyls of a line expressing the ER-lumenal GFP marker mGFP5 were wounded. Shown are contracting epidermal nuclei (white arrows) from two independent wound experiments using mGFP5 approximately 10 min after wounding. The inter-lobal space contains mGFP5 label (red arrows), indicating that this compartment is contiguous with the lumen of the ER. GFP fluorescence is shown in green and propidium iodide in red. Scale bars = 10 μm. |
PMC1087855_F6_1981.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | GFP-Nit1 aggregation and callose induction by bromoxynil. (A) 8 day old GFP-Nit1 plants (N1P2E) seedlings were imbibed in 500 μM Bromoxynil (+Bx) or mock solutions (-Bx) for 1 h then imaged by confocal microscopy, note the exstensive accumulation of the fusion protein in aggregates after herbicide treatment. (B) Callose accumulation following bromoxynil treatment. Wild type seedlings were treated with 500 μm bromoxynil (+Bx) or a mock-solution (-Bx). Roots were examined at regular intervals under UV illumination using conventional epifluorescence and a DAPI filter set; the 15 min time point is shown. Callose deposition was visualized using the callose specific stain sirofluor, added at 100 ug/ml at the beginning of the experiment. Sirofluor fluorescence was first visible approximately 8 min after addition of bromoxynil. Images were acquired on a digital camera using identical exposure settings. |
PMC1087855_F7_1998.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Chloroxynil induced death – collapse of cells without nuclear contractions. (A) The nuclear marker line N7 was mounted in agarose, and the bromoxynil-analog chloroxynil was added to a final concentration of 500 μM and a Z-series of the hypocotyl-root junction was collected at 2 min intervals. Loss of nuclear label into the cytoplasm and a generalized loss of GFP fluorescence were followed by staining of nuclei by propidium iodide and massive cellular collapse. The shape of the nuclei remained constant throughout the experiment and did not display the characteristic contractions seen during wound induced cell death. The white asterisk identifies the same nucleus, and the green arrows to two cells in this plane of view that displayed massive plasmolysis. (B) Chloroxynil induced release of N7 marker from nucleoplasm in 12 day old N7 plants mounted in agarose and overlaid with chloroxynil to a final concentration of 500 μM. An initiating lateral root was imaged by the acquisition of Z-series at 120 sec intervals. A gradual release of nuclear label and illumination of the cytoplasm occurs without the characteristic nuclear contractions induced by wounding. Scale bars = 25 μm. Inset numbers indicate min after herbicide addition. |
PMC1087855_F7_1994.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Chloroxynil induced death – collapse of cells without nuclear contractions. (A) The nuclear marker line N7 was mounted in agarose, and the bromoxynil-analog chloroxynil was added to a final concentration of 500 μM and a Z-series of the hypocotyl-root junction was collected at 2 min intervals. Loss of nuclear label into the cytoplasm and a generalized loss of GFP fluorescence were followed by staining of nuclei by propidium iodide and massive cellular collapse. The shape of the nuclei remained constant throughout the experiment and did not display the characteristic contractions seen during wound induced cell death. The white asterisk identifies the same nucleus, and the green arrows to two cells in this plane of view that displayed massive plasmolysis. (B) Chloroxynil induced release of N7 marker from nucleoplasm in 12 day old N7 plants mounted in agarose and overlaid with chloroxynil to a final concentration of 500 μM. An initiating lateral root was imaged by the acquisition of Z-series at 120 sec intervals. A gradual release of nuclear label and illumination of the cytoplasm occurs without the characteristic nuclear contractions induced by wounding. Scale bars = 25 μm. Inset numbers indicate min after herbicide addition. |
PMC1087855_F7_1995.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Chloroxynil induced death – collapse of cells without nuclear contractions. (A) The nuclear marker line N7 was mounted in agarose, and the bromoxynil-analog chloroxynil was added to a final concentration of 500 μM and a Z-series of the hypocotyl-root junction was collected at 2 min intervals. Loss of nuclear label into the cytoplasm and a generalized loss of GFP fluorescence were followed by staining of nuclei by propidium iodide and massive cellular collapse. The shape of the nuclei remained constant throughout the experiment and did not display the characteristic contractions seen during wound induced cell death. The white asterisk identifies the same nucleus, and the green arrows to two cells in this plane of view that displayed massive plasmolysis. (B) Chloroxynil induced release of N7 marker from nucleoplasm in 12 day old N7 plants mounted in agarose and overlaid with chloroxynil to a final concentration of 500 μM. An initiating lateral root was imaged by the acquisition of Z-series at 120 sec intervals. A gradual release of nuclear label and illumination of the cytoplasm occurs without the characteristic nuclear contractions induced by wounding. Scale bars = 25 μm. Inset numbers indicate min after herbicide addition. |
PMC1087855_F7_1993.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Chloroxynil induced death – collapse of cells without nuclear contractions. (A) The nuclear marker line N7 was mounted in agarose, and the bromoxynil-analog chloroxynil was added to a final concentration of 500 μM and a Z-series of the hypocotyl-root junction was collected at 2 min intervals. Loss of nuclear label into the cytoplasm and a generalized loss of GFP fluorescence were followed by staining of nuclei by propidium iodide and massive cellular collapse. The shape of the nuclei remained constant throughout the experiment and did not display the characteristic contractions seen during wound induced cell death. The white asterisk identifies the same nucleus, and the green arrows to two cells in this plane of view that displayed massive plasmolysis. (B) Chloroxynil induced release of N7 marker from nucleoplasm in 12 day old N7 plants mounted in agarose and overlaid with chloroxynil to a final concentration of 500 μM. An initiating lateral root was imaged by the acquisition of Z-series at 120 sec intervals. A gradual release of nuclear label and illumination of the cytoplasm occurs without the characteristic nuclear contractions induced by wounding. Scale bars = 25 μm. Inset numbers indicate min after herbicide addition. |
PMC1087855_F7_1996.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Chloroxynil induced death – collapse of cells without nuclear contractions. (A) The nuclear marker line N7 was mounted in agarose, and the bromoxynil-analog chloroxynil was added to a final concentration of 500 μM and a Z-series of the hypocotyl-root junction was collected at 2 min intervals. Loss of nuclear label into the cytoplasm and a generalized loss of GFP fluorescence were followed by staining of nuclei by propidium iodide and massive cellular collapse. The shape of the nuclei remained constant throughout the experiment and did not display the characteristic contractions seen during wound induced cell death. The white asterisk identifies the same nucleus, and the green arrows to two cells in this plane of view that displayed massive plasmolysis. (B) Chloroxynil induced release of N7 marker from nucleoplasm in 12 day old N7 plants mounted in agarose and overlaid with chloroxynil to a final concentration of 500 μM. An initiating lateral root was imaged by the acquisition of Z-series at 120 sec intervals. A gradual release of nuclear label and illumination of the cytoplasm occurs without the characteristic nuclear contractions induced by wounding. Scale bars = 25 μm. Inset numbers indicate min after herbicide addition. |
PMC1087855_F7_1997.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Chloroxynil induced death – collapse of cells without nuclear contractions. (A) The nuclear marker line N7 was mounted in agarose, and the bromoxynil-analog chloroxynil was added to a final concentration of 500 μM and a Z-series of the hypocotyl-root junction was collected at 2 min intervals. Loss of nuclear label into the cytoplasm and a generalized loss of GFP fluorescence were followed by staining of nuclei by propidium iodide and massive cellular collapse. The shape of the nuclei remained constant throughout the experiment and did not display the characteristic contractions seen during wound induced cell death. The white asterisk identifies the same nucleus, and the green arrows to two cells in this plane of view that displayed massive plasmolysis. (B) Chloroxynil induced release of N7 marker from nucleoplasm in 12 day old N7 plants mounted in agarose and overlaid with chloroxynil to a final concentration of 500 μM. An initiating lateral root was imaged by the acquisition of Z-series at 120 sec intervals. A gradual release of nuclear label and illumination of the cytoplasm occurs without the characteristic nuclear contractions induced by wounding. Scale bars = 25 μm. Inset numbers indicate min after herbicide addition. |
PMC1087893_F2_2004.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Immunocytochemical investigations of the association of proteins with DRMs. A) NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV were treated with PBS, TX-100 or MBCD as indicated and subsequently subjected to TX-100 extraction and stained for cav-1, GM1, CD71 and A-MLV Env as indicated. B) Background of the secondary antibody used for cav-1 staining. C) Background of the secondary antibody used for A-MLV Env staining. D) NIH3T3 cells (Env negative) stained for A-MLV Env, negative control (see text for details). Photographs were taken using an oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F2_2005.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Immunocytochemical investigations of the association of proteins with DRMs. A) NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV were treated with PBS, TX-100 or MBCD as indicated and subsequently subjected to TX-100 extraction and stained for cav-1, GM1, CD71 and A-MLV Env as indicated. B) Background of the secondary antibody used for cav-1 staining. C) Background of the secondary antibody used for A-MLV Env staining. D) NIH3T3 cells (Env negative) stained for A-MLV Env, negative control (see text for details). Photographs were taken using an oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F2_2011.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Immunocytochemical investigations of the association of proteins with DRMs. A) NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV were treated with PBS, TX-100 or MBCD as indicated and subsequently subjected to TX-100 extraction and stained for cav-1, GM1, CD71 and A-MLV Env as indicated. B) Background of the secondary antibody used for cav-1 staining. C) Background of the secondary antibody used for A-MLV Env staining. D) NIH3T3 cells (Env negative) stained for A-MLV Env, negative control (see text for details). Photographs were taken using an oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F2_2007.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Immunocytochemical investigations of the association of proteins with DRMs. A) NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV were treated with PBS, TX-100 or MBCD as indicated and subsequently subjected to TX-100 extraction and stained for cav-1, GM1, CD71 and A-MLV Env as indicated. B) Background of the secondary antibody used for cav-1 staining. C) Background of the secondary antibody used for A-MLV Env staining. D) NIH3T3 cells (Env negative) stained for A-MLV Env, negative control (see text for details). Photographs were taken using an oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F2_2000.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Immunocytochemical investigations of the association of proteins with DRMs. A) NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV were treated with PBS, TX-100 or MBCD as indicated and subsequently subjected to TX-100 extraction and stained for cav-1, GM1, CD71 and A-MLV Env as indicated. B) Background of the secondary antibody used for cav-1 staining. C) Background of the secondary antibody used for A-MLV Env staining. D) NIH3T3 cells (Env negative) stained for A-MLV Env, negative control (see text for details). Photographs were taken using an oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F2_2002.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Immunocytochemical investigations of the association of proteins with DRMs. A) NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV were treated with PBS, TX-100 or MBCD as indicated and subsequently subjected to TX-100 extraction and stained for cav-1, GM1, CD71 and A-MLV Env as indicated. B) Background of the secondary antibody used for cav-1 staining. C) Background of the secondary antibody used for A-MLV Env staining. D) NIH3T3 cells (Env negative) stained for A-MLV Env, negative control (see text for details). Photographs were taken using an oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F2_2001.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Immunocytochemical investigations of the association of proteins with DRMs. A) NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV were treated with PBS, TX-100 or MBCD as indicated and subsequently subjected to TX-100 extraction and stained for cav-1, GM1, CD71 and A-MLV Env as indicated. B) Background of the secondary antibody used for cav-1 staining. C) Background of the secondary antibody used for A-MLV Env staining. D) NIH3T3 cells (Env negative) stained for A-MLV Env, negative control (see text for details). Photographs were taken using an oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F2_2013.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Immunocytochemical investigations of the association of proteins with DRMs. A) NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV were treated with PBS, TX-100 or MBCD as indicated and subsequently subjected to TX-100 extraction and stained for cav-1, GM1, CD71 and A-MLV Env as indicated. B) Background of the secondary antibody used for cav-1 staining. C) Background of the secondary antibody used for A-MLV Env staining. D) NIH3T3 cells (Env negative) stained for A-MLV Env, negative control (see text for details). Photographs were taken using an oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F2_2012.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Immunocytochemical investigations of the association of proteins with DRMs. A) NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV were treated with PBS, TX-100 or MBCD as indicated and subsequently subjected to TX-100 extraction and stained for cav-1, GM1, CD71 and A-MLV Env as indicated. B) Background of the secondary antibody used for cav-1 staining. C) Background of the secondary antibody used for A-MLV Env staining. D) NIH3T3 cells (Env negative) stained for A-MLV Env, negative control (see text for details). Photographs were taken using an oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F2_2009.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Immunocytochemical investigations of the association of proteins with DRMs. A) NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV were treated with PBS, TX-100 or MBCD as indicated and subsequently subjected to TX-100 extraction and stained for cav-1, GM1, CD71 and A-MLV Env as indicated. B) Background of the secondary antibody used for cav-1 staining. C) Background of the secondary antibody used for A-MLV Env staining. D) NIH3T3 cells (Env negative) stained for A-MLV Env, negative control (see text for details). Photographs were taken using an oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F2_1999.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Immunocytochemical investigations of the association of proteins with DRMs. A) NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV were treated with PBS, TX-100 or MBCD as indicated and subsequently subjected to TX-100 extraction and stained for cav-1, GM1, CD71 and A-MLV Env as indicated. B) Background of the secondary antibody used for cav-1 staining. C) Background of the secondary antibody used for A-MLV Env staining. D) NIH3T3 cells (Env negative) stained for A-MLV Env, negative control (see text for details). Photographs were taken using an oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F2_2006.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Immunocytochemical investigations of the association of proteins with DRMs. A) NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV were treated with PBS, TX-100 or MBCD as indicated and subsequently subjected to TX-100 extraction and stained for cav-1, GM1, CD71 and A-MLV Env as indicated. B) Background of the secondary antibody used for cav-1 staining. C) Background of the secondary antibody used for A-MLV Env staining. D) NIH3T3 cells (Env negative) stained for A-MLV Env, negative control (see text for details). Photographs were taken using an oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F2_2010.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Immunocytochemical investigations of the association of proteins with DRMs. A) NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV were treated with PBS, TX-100 or MBCD as indicated and subsequently subjected to TX-100 extraction and stained for cav-1, GM1, CD71 and A-MLV Env as indicated. B) Background of the secondary antibody used for cav-1 staining. C) Background of the secondary antibody used for A-MLV Env staining. D) NIH3T3 cells (Env negative) stained for A-MLV Env, negative control (see text for details). Photographs were taken using an oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F3_2026.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol, GM1 and cav-1. A) A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol. NIH3T3 cells producing wild-type A-MLV were treated with filipin for cholesterol detection (left column) and with an A-MLV Env specific antibody (second column) after fixation and treatment with PBS (top) or TX-100 at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in pink spots (merged images, third column). The column on the right shows the result of the co-localization finder plugin of the ImageJ program [30] merged with the original A-MLV Env staining. Turquoise colour indicates co-localization of A-MLV Env with cholesterol. B) A-MLV Env and cav-1 co-localization monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescent detection of cav-1 (left) and the A-MLV Env (middle) after treatment with TX-100 at 4°C in NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV. Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). C) A-MLV Env (left) and GM1 (middle) were detected by immunofluorescence in A-MLV producing NIH3T3 cells after PBS (top) or TX-100 treatment at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). All photographs were taken using a fluorescence microscope and oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F3_2019.jpg | What is shown in this image? | A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol, GM1 and cav-1. A) A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol. NIH3T3 cells producing wild-type A-MLV were treated with filipin for cholesterol detection (left column) and with an A-MLV Env specific antibody (second column) after fixation and treatment with PBS (top) or TX-100 at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in pink spots (merged images, third column). The column on the right shows the result of the co-localization finder plugin of the ImageJ program [30] merged with the original A-MLV Env staining. Turquoise colour indicates co-localization of A-MLV Env with cholesterol. B) A-MLV Env and cav-1 co-localization monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescent detection of cav-1 (left) and the A-MLV Env (middle) after treatment with TX-100 at 4°C in NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV. Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). C) A-MLV Env (left) and GM1 (middle) were detected by immunofluorescence in A-MLV producing NIH3T3 cells after PBS (top) or TX-100 treatment at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). All photographs were taken using a fluorescence microscope and oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F3_2024.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol, GM1 and cav-1. A) A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol. NIH3T3 cells producing wild-type A-MLV were treated with filipin for cholesterol detection (left column) and with an A-MLV Env specific antibody (second column) after fixation and treatment with PBS (top) or TX-100 at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in pink spots (merged images, third column). The column on the right shows the result of the co-localization finder plugin of the ImageJ program [30] merged with the original A-MLV Env staining. Turquoise colour indicates co-localization of A-MLV Env with cholesterol. B) A-MLV Env and cav-1 co-localization monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescent detection of cav-1 (left) and the A-MLV Env (middle) after treatment with TX-100 at 4°C in NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV. Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). C) A-MLV Env (left) and GM1 (middle) were detected by immunofluorescence in A-MLV producing NIH3T3 cells after PBS (top) or TX-100 treatment at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). All photographs were taken using a fluorescence microscope and oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F3_2021.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol, GM1 and cav-1. A) A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol. NIH3T3 cells producing wild-type A-MLV were treated with filipin for cholesterol detection (left column) and with an A-MLV Env specific antibody (second column) after fixation and treatment with PBS (top) or TX-100 at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in pink spots (merged images, third column). The column on the right shows the result of the co-localization finder plugin of the ImageJ program [30] merged with the original A-MLV Env staining. Turquoise colour indicates co-localization of A-MLV Env with cholesterol. B) A-MLV Env and cav-1 co-localization monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescent detection of cav-1 (left) and the A-MLV Env (middle) after treatment with TX-100 at 4°C in NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV. Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). C) A-MLV Env (left) and GM1 (middle) were detected by immunofluorescence in A-MLV producing NIH3T3 cells after PBS (top) or TX-100 treatment at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). All photographs were taken using a fluorescence microscope and oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F3_2018.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol, GM1 and cav-1. A) A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol. NIH3T3 cells producing wild-type A-MLV were treated with filipin for cholesterol detection (left column) and with an A-MLV Env specific antibody (second column) after fixation and treatment with PBS (top) or TX-100 at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in pink spots (merged images, third column). The column on the right shows the result of the co-localization finder plugin of the ImageJ program [30] merged with the original A-MLV Env staining. Turquoise colour indicates co-localization of A-MLV Env with cholesterol. B) A-MLV Env and cav-1 co-localization monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescent detection of cav-1 (left) and the A-MLV Env (middle) after treatment with TX-100 at 4°C in NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV. Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). C) A-MLV Env (left) and GM1 (middle) were detected by immunofluorescence in A-MLV producing NIH3T3 cells after PBS (top) or TX-100 treatment at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). All photographs were taken using a fluorescence microscope and oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F3_2025.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol, GM1 and cav-1. A) A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol. NIH3T3 cells producing wild-type A-MLV were treated with filipin for cholesterol detection (left column) and with an A-MLV Env specific antibody (second column) after fixation and treatment with PBS (top) or TX-100 at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in pink spots (merged images, third column). The column on the right shows the result of the co-localization finder plugin of the ImageJ program [30] merged with the original A-MLV Env staining. Turquoise colour indicates co-localization of A-MLV Env with cholesterol. B) A-MLV Env and cav-1 co-localization monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescent detection of cav-1 (left) and the A-MLV Env (middle) after treatment with TX-100 at 4°C in NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV. Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). C) A-MLV Env (left) and GM1 (middle) were detected by immunofluorescence in A-MLV producing NIH3T3 cells after PBS (top) or TX-100 treatment at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). All photographs were taken using a fluorescence microscope and oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F3_2020.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol, GM1 and cav-1. A) A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol. NIH3T3 cells producing wild-type A-MLV were treated with filipin for cholesterol detection (left column) and with an A-MLV Env specific antibody (second column) after fixation and treatment with PBS (top) or TX-100 at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in pink spots (merged images, third column). The column on the right shows the result of the co-localization finder plugin of the ImageJ program [30] merged with the original A-MLV Env staining. Turquoise colour indicates co-localization of A-MLV Env with cholesterol. B) A-MLV Env and cav-1 co-localization monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescent detection of cav-1 (left) and the A-MLV Env (middle) after treatment with TX-100 at 4°C in NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV. Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). C) A-MLV Env (left) and GM1 (middle) were detected by immunofluorescence in A-MLV producing NIH3T3 cells after PBS (top) or TX-100 treatment at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). All photographs were taken using a fluorescence microscope and oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F3_2023.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol, GM1 and cav-1. A) A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol. NIH3T3 cells producing wild-type A-MLV were treated with filipin for cholesterol detection (left column) and with an A-MLV Env specific antibody (second column) after fixation and treatment with PBS (top) or TX-100 at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in pink spots (merged images, third column). The column on the right shows the result of the co-localization finder plugin of the ImageJ program [30] merged with the original A-MLV Env staining. Turquoise colour indicates co-localization of A-MLV Env with cholesterol. B) A-MLV Env and cav-1 co-localization monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescent detection of cav-1 (left) and the A-MLV Env (middle) after treatment with TX-100 at 4°C in NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV. Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). C) A-MLV Env (left) and GM1 (middle) were detected by immunofluorescence in A-MLV producing NIH3T3 cells after PBS (top) or TX-100 treatment at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). All photographs were taken using a fluorescence microscope and oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F3_2022.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol, GM1 and cav-1. A) A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol. NIH3T3 cells producing wild-type A-MLV were treated with filipin for cholesterol detection (left column) and with an A-MLV Env specific antibody (second column) after fixation and treatment with PBS (top) or TX-100 at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in pink spots (merged images, third column). The column on the right shows the result of the co-localization finder plugin of the ImageJ program [30] merged with the original A-MLV Env staining. Turquoise colour indicates co-localization of A-MLV Env with cholesterol. B) A-MLV Env and cav-1 co-localization monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescent detection of cav-1 (left) and the A-MLV Env (middle) after treatment with TX-100 at 4°C in NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV. Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). C) A-MLV Env (left) and GM1 (middle) were detected by immunofluorescence in A-MLV producing NIH3T3 cells after PBS (top) or TX-100 treatment at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). All photographs were taken using a fluorescence microscope and oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087893_F3_2016.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol, GM1 and cav-1. A) A-MLV Env co-localization with cholesterol. NIH3T3 cells producing wild-type A-MLV were treated with filipin for cholesterol detection (left column) and with an A-MLV Env specific antibody (second column) after fixation and treatment with PBS (top) or TX-100 at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in pink spots (merged images, third column). The column on the right shows the result of the co-localization finder plugin of the ImageJ program [30] merged with the original A-MLV Env staining. Turquoise colour indicates co-localization of A-MLV Env with cholesterol. B) A-MLV Env and cav-1 co-localization monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescent detection of cav-1 (left) and the A-MLV Env (middle) after treatment with TX-100 at 4°C in NIH3T3 cells producing A-MLV. Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). C) A-MLV Env (left) and GM1 (middle) were detected by immunofluorescence in A-MLV producing NIH3T3 cells after PBS (top) or TX-100 treatment at 4°C (bottom). Co-localization result in yellow spots (right). All photographs were taken using a fluorescence microscope and oil immersion objective, original magnification 1000×. |
PMC1087895_F1_2014.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Postoperative x-ray after catheter implantation. The catheter tip is placed correctly in the superior caval vein. |
PMC1087895_F3_2027.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | CT scan showing the catheter tip in the right upper lobe of the lung and a large dorsobasal pleural effusion. |
PMC1088277_pbio-0030160-g001_2029.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Tracking Thymocyte Migration in 3DTracking software identifies the positions of individual thymocytes over time. Trajectories of individual cells are shown as tracks, which are color coded to indicate increasing time from blue (start of imaging) to yellow (end of imaging) (see Videos S1–S4). Left panels show fluorescent signal from thymocytes at a single time point superimposed on cell tracks. Right panels show the positions of thymocytes (indicated by spheres) at a single time point. Top panels show a projection in which the z-axis is perpendicular to the viewer. In the bottom panels the image is rotated to display the z dimension. |
PMC1088277_pbio-0030160-g001_2028.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Tracking Thymocyte Migration in 3DTracking software identifies the positions of individual thymocytes over time. Trajectories of individual cells are shown as tracks, which are color coded to indicate increasing time from blue (start of imaging) to yellow (end of imaging) (see Videos S1–S4). Left panels show fluorescent signal from thymocytes at a single time point superimposed on cell tracks. Right panels show the positions of thymocytes (indicated by spheres) at a single time point. Top panels show a projection in which the z-axis is perpendicular to the viewer. In the bottom panels the image is rotated to display the z dimension. |
PMC1088960_F3_2034.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Relationships among the five Arabidopsis accessions based on their expression patterns in different organs at various developmental stages. The normalized expression values, obtained by dividing the mRNA expression indices of each organ of one accession by the intensity indices in genomic DNA hybridization for that particular accession, were log2-transformed and subjected to cluster analysis. The yellow vertical lines separate the whole cluster into three subclusters, the root cluster, the vegetative leaf cluster, and the reproductive organ cluster. |
PMC1088977_pbio-0030220-g001_2039.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Tissue samples at 600× magnification show that these two soft tissue tumors express different protein markers: solitary fibrous tumors express the APOD protein marker (top), and desmoid-type fibromatosis tumors express OSF2 |
PMC1088977_pbio-0030220-g001_2040.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Tissue samples at 600× magnification show that these two soft tissue tumors express different protein markers: solitary fibrous tumors express the APOD protein marker (top), and desmoid-type fibromatosis tumors express OSF2 |
PMC1090560_F6_2042.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Demonstration of expression of the goat uromodulin – GFP transgene and endogenous uromodulin in kidney sections by immunostaining. (A). H & E kidney TAL region staining of a control non-transgenic mouse. The arrows show microstructures with thick walls indicative of the thick segment of the ascending limb of Henle's loop within the TAL region. Fixed kidney sections from a negative control mouse (B) and the 99-122-1-A5M transgenic mouse (C) were stained with a polyclonal anti-human uromodulin antibody, followed by treatment with Texas-Red conjugated secondary anti rabbit IgG antibody. Expression of endogenous uromodulin in the cells (red) appears in a punctuated pattern, whereas the GFP expression is cytoplasmic (green). Immunostaining of similar sections for uromodulin confirmed that expression is restricted to tubular epithelial cells of these structures (B, C) indicated by red. The same sections observed for GFP expression by confocal microscopy indicated that expression was restricted to similar structures as in B &C but not co-expressed with the endogenous uromodulin staining. As expected GFP was absent in the renal sections obtained from a non-transgenic mouse. Both GFP (D, F) (green) and uromodulin (E, F) (red) were co-expressed in cells in the TAL segment (transgenic mouse, 99-122-1-A5M). |
PMC1090560_F6_2046.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Demonstration of expression of the goat uromodulin – GFP transgene and endogenous uromodulin in kidney sections by immunostaining. (A). H & E kidney TAL region staining of a control non-transgenic mouse. The arrows show microstructures with thick walls indicative of the thick segment of the ascending limb of Henle's loop within the TAL region. Fixed kidney sections from a negative control mouse (B) and the 99-122-1-A5M transgenic mouse (C) were stained with a polyclonal anti-human uromodulin antibody, followed by treatment with Texas-Red conjugated secondary anti rabbit IgG antibody. Expression of endogenous uromodulin in the cells (red) appears in a punctuated pattern, whereas the GFP expression is cytoplasmic (green). Immunostaining of similar sections for uromodulin confirmed that expression is restricted to tubular epithelial cells of these structures (B, C) indicated by red. The same sections observed for GFP expression by confocal microscopy indicated that expression was restricted to similar structures as in B &C but not co-expressed with the endogenous uromodulin staining. As expected GFP was absent in the renal sections obtained from a non-transgenic mouse. Both GFP (D, F) (green) and uromodulin (E, F) (red) were co-expressed in cells in the TAL segment (transgenic mouse, 99-122-1-A5M). |
PMC1090560_F6_2044.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Demonstration of expression of the goat uromodulin – GFP transgene and endogenous uromodulin in kidney sections by immunostaining. (A). H & E kidney TAL region staining of a control non-transgenic mouse. The arrows show microstructures with thick walls indicative of the thick segment of the ascending limb of Henle's loop within the TAL region. Fixed kidney sections from a negative control mouse (B) and the 99-122-1-A5M transgenic mouse (C) were stained with a polyclonal anti-human uromodulin antibody, followed by treatment with Texas-Red conjugated secondary anti rabbit IgG antibody. Expression of endogenous uromodulin in the cells (red) appears in a punctuated pattern, whereas the GFP expression is cytoplasmic (green). Immunostaining of similar sections for uromodulin confirmed that expression is restricted to tubular epithelial cells of these structures (B, C) indicated by red. The same sections observed for GFP expression by confocal microscopy indicated that expression was restricted to similar structures as in B &C but not co-expressed with the endogenous uromodulin staining. As expected GFP was absent in the renal sections obtained from a non-transgenic mouse. Both GFP (D, F) (green) and uromodulin (E, F) (red) were co-expressed in cells in the TAL segment (transgenic mouse, 99-122-1-A5M). |
PMC1090560_F6_2043.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Demonstration of expression of the goat uromodulin – GFP transgene and endogenous uromodulin in kidney sections by immunostaining. (A). H & E kidney TAL region staining of a control non-transgenic mouse. The arrows show microstructures with thick walls indicative of the thick segment of the ascending limb of Henle's loop within the TAL region. Fixed kidney sections from a negative control mouse (B) and the 99-122-1-A5M transgenic mouse (C) were stained with a polyclonal anti-human uromodulin antibody, followed by treatment with Texas-Red conjugated secondary anti rabbit IgG antibody. Expression of endogenous uromodulin in the cells (red) appears in a punctuated pattern, whereas the GFP expression is cytoplasmic (green). Immunostaining of similar sections for uromodulin confirmed that expression is restricted to tubular epithelial cells of these structures (B, C) indicated by red. The same sections observed for GFP expression by confocal microscopy indicated that expression was restricted to similar structures as in B &C but not co-expressed with the endogenous uromodulin staining. As expected GFP was absent in the renal sections obtained from a non-transgenic mouse. Both GFP (D, F) (green) and uromodulin (E, F) (red) were co-expressed in cells in the TAL segment (transgenic mouse, 99-122-1-A5M). |
PMC1090560_F6_2041.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Demonstration of expression of the goat uromodulin – GFP transgene and endogenous uromodulin in kidney sections by immunostaining. (A). H & E kidney TAL region staining of a control non-transgenic mouse. The arrows show microstructures with thick walls indicative of the thick segment of the ascending limb of Henle's loop within the TAL region. Fixed kidney sections from a negative control mouse (B) and the 99-122-1-A5M transgenic mouse (C) were stained with a polyclonal anti-human uromodulin antibody, followed by treatment with Texas-Red conjugated secondary anti rabbit IgG antibody. Expression of endogenous uromodulin in the cells (red) appears in a punctuated pattern, whereas the GFP expression is cytoplasmic (green). Immunostaining of similar sections for uromodulin confirmed that expression is restricted to tubular epithelial cells of these structures (B, C) indicated by red. The same sections observed for GFP expression by confocal microscopy indicated that expression was restricted to similar structures as in B &C but not co-expressed with the endogenous uromodulin staining. As expected GFP was absent in the renal sections obtained from a non-transgenic mouse. Both GFP (D, F) (green) and uromodulin (E, F) (red) were co-expressed in cells in the TAL segment (transgenic mouse, 99-122-1-A5M). |
PMC1090560_F6_2045.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Demonstration of expression of the goat uromodulin – GFP transgene and endogenous uromodulin in kidney sections by immunostaining. (A). H & E kidney TAL region staining of a control non-transgenic mouse. The arrows show microstructures with thick walls indicative of the thick segment of the ascending limb of Henle's loop within the TAL region. Fixed kidney sections from a negative control mouse (B) and the 99-122-1-A5M transgenic mouse (C) were stained with a polyclonal anti-human uromodulin antibody, followed by treatment with Texas-Red conjugated secondary anti rabbit IgG antibody. Expression of endogenous uromodulin in the cells (red) appears in a punctuated pattern, whereas the GFP expression is cytoplasmic (green). Immunostaining of similar sections for uromodulin confirmed that expression is restricted to tubular epithelial cells of these structures (B, C) indicated by red. The same sections observed for GFP expression by confocal microscopy indicated that expression was restricted to similar structures as in B &C but not co-expressed with the endogenous uromodulin staining. As expected GFP was absent in the renal sections obtained from a non-transgenic mouse. Both GFP (D, F) (green) and uromodulin (E, F) (red) were co-expressed in cells in the TAL segment (transgenic mouse, 99-122-1-A5M). |
PMC1090567_F1_2074.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) reversibly modulates basal and receptor-dependent G protein activity in rat brain cryostat sections. [35S]GTPγS autoradiography of sagittal brain sections was conducted using a 3-step protocol with DPCPX (10-6 M) present throughout steps 2 and 3, as detailed in the Methods section. Where indicated, GSNO (0.5 mM) was present for 60 min during the GDP loading (step 2). When used, DTT (1 mM) or GSH (1 mM) were present during the [35S]GTPγS labeling (step 3). The muscarinic agonist, carbachol (CCh, 10-4 M), the P2Y receptor agonist 2-methylthio-ADP (2MeSADP, 10-5 M) or lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, 5 × 10-5 M in 0.1% fatty acid free BSA) were present in step 3. In the control panel (left), the anatomical loci where receptor agonists typically activate G proteins are indicated. Note GSNO-dependent overall increase in basal G protein activity, as well as robust amplification of CCh-stimulated G protein activity in several gray matter regions visible at this sagittal plane, most notably the brain stem (bs) nuclei, the striatum (Str), and the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus (SuG). Note also clear attenuation of 2MeSADP-stimulated responses in all brain regions, and blunting of LPA-stimulated responses, especially in the white matter areas, including the corpus callosum (cc), the fimbria of the hippocampus (fi) and the cerebellar white matter (Cbw). Scale bar = 2 mm. For quantitative data on selected brain regions, see Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2 in additional file 1. |
PMC1090567_F2_2059.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | GSNO modulates GPCR signaling in a dose-dependent manner. [35S]GTPγS autoradiography was conducted using a 3-step protocol with DPCPX (10-6 M) present throughout steps 2 and 3, as detailed in the Methods section. GSNO was present at the indicated concentrations for 60 min during the GDP loading (step 2). Carbachol (CCh, 10-4 M), 2MeSADP (10-6 M) or LPA (5 × 10-5 M in 0.1% fatty acid free BSA) were present in step 3. Note dose-dependent amplification of CCh-stimulated G protein activity, most evident at this coronal plane in the cerebral cortex (Cx), the striatum (Str), and the thalamus (Thal). Note also dose-related attenuation of 2MeSADP- and LPA-stimulated responses, especially in the white matter regions, including the corpus callosum (cc), the fimbria of the hippocampus (fi), and the striatal white matter (Sw). Scale bar = 2 mm. For quantitative data on selected brain regions, see Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2 in additional file 1. |
PMC1090567_F2_2053.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | GSNO modulates GPCR signaling in a dose-dependent manner. [35S]GTPγS autoradiography was conducted using a 3-step protocol with DPCPX (10-6 M) present throughout steps 2 and 3, as detailed in the Methods section. GSNO was present at the indicated concentrations for 60 min during the GDP loading (step 2). Carbachol (CCh, 10-4 M), 2MeSADP (10-6 M) or LPA (5 × 10-5 M in 0.1% fatty acid free BSA) were present in step 3. Note dose-dependent amplification of CCh-stimulated G protein activity, most evident at this coronal plane in the cerebral cortex (Cx), the striatum (Str), and the thalamus (Thal). Note also dose-related attenuation of 2MeSADP- and LPA-stimulated responses, especially in the white matter regions, including the corpus callosum (cc), the fimbria of the hippocampus (fi), and the striatal white matter (Sw). Scale bar = 2 mm. For quantitative data on selected brain regions, see Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2 in additional file 1. |
PMC1090567_F2_2051.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | GSNO modulates GPCR signaling in a dose-dependent manner. [35S]GTPγS autoradiography was conducted using a 3-step protocol with DPCPX (10-6 M) present throughout steps 2 and 3, as detailed in the Methods section. GSNO was present at the indicated concentrations for 60 min during the GDP loading (step 2). Carbachol (CCh, 10-4 M), 2MeSADP (10-6 M) or LPA (5 × 10-5 M in 0.1% fatty acid free BSA) were present in step 3. Note dose-dependent amplification of CCh-stimulated G protein activity, most evident at this coronal plane in the cerebral cortex (Cx), the striatum (Str), and the thalamus (Thal). Note also dose-related attenuation of 2MeSADP- and LPA-stimulated responses, especially in the white matter regions, including the corpus callosum (cc), the fimbria of the hippocampus (fi), and the striatal white matter (Sw). Scale bar = 2 mm. For quantitative data on selected brain regions, see Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2 in additional file 1. |
PMC1090567_F2_2060.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | GSNO modulates GPCR signaling in a dose-dependent manner. [35S]GTPγS autoradiography was conducted using a 3-step protocol with DPCPX (10-6 M) present throughout steps 2 and 3, as detailed in the Methods section. GSNO was present at the indicated concentrations for 60 min during the GDP loading (step 2). Carbachol (CCh, 10-4 M), 2MeSADP (10-6 M) or LPA (5 × 10-5 M in 0.1% fatty acid free BSA) were present in step 3. Note dose-dependent amplification of CCh-stimulated G protein activity, most evident at this coronal plane in the cerebral cortex (Cx), the striatum (Str), and the thalamus (Thal). Note also dose-related attenuation of 2MeSADP- and LPA-stimulated responses, especially in the white matter regions, including the corpus callosum (cc), the fimbria of the hippocampus (fi), and the striatal white matter (Sw). Scale bar = 2 mm. For quantitative data on selected brain regions, see Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2 in additional file 1. |
PMC1090567_F2_2052.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | GSNO modulates GPCR signaling in a dose-dependent manner. [35S]GTPγS autoradiography was conducted using a 3-step protocol with DPCPX (10-6 M) present throughout steps 2 and 3, as detailed in the Methods section. GSNO was present at the indicated concentrations for 60 min during the GDP loading (step 2). Carbachol (CCh, 10-4 M), 2MeSADP (10-6 M) or LPA (5 × 10-5 M in 0.1% fatty acid free BSA) were present in step 3. Note dose-dependent amplification of CCh-stimulated G protein activity, most evident at this coronal plane in the cerebral cortex (Cx), the striatum (Str), and the thalamus (Thal). Note also dose-related attenuation of 2MeSADP- and LPA-stimulated responses, especially in the white matter regions, including the corpus callosum (cc), the fimbria of the hippocampus (fi), and the striatal white matter (Sw). Scale bar = 2 mm. For quantitative data on selected brain regions, see Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2 in additional file 1. |
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