image stringlengths 20 66 | question stringclasses 16
values | answer stringlengths 3 10.7k |
|---|---|---|
PMC1274334_F4_3721.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Callose content of cals5 pollen tubes. Aniline blue staining (a-h,j,l,n,p) and differential interference contrast optics (i,k,m,o) of sections of tetrad stage anthers (a-d), self-pollinated pistils (e-h), pollen tubes germinated on an excised stigma and elongating in vitro (i-l), in vitro germinated pollen tubes; arrowheads, callose plugs (m-p). Wild-type (a,e,i,j,m,n), cals5-3 (b,f,k,l,o,p), cals5-4 (c,g), and cals5-5 (d,h). Wild type (upper) and cals5-3 (lower) pollen tubes stained with anti-β-1,3 glucan primary and FITC secondary antibodies (q), cellulose staining with calcofluor white (r), and pectin staining with Alcian blue 8GX (s). Bars, 10 μm (a-d, m-s); 100 μm (e-l). |
PMC1274334_F4_3723.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Callose content of cals5 pollen tubes. Aniline blue staining (a-h,j,l,n,p) and differential interference contrast optics (i,k,m,o) of sections of tetrad stage anthers (a-d), self-pollinated pistils (e-h), pollen tubes germinated on an excised stigma and elongating in vitro (i-l), in vitro germinated pollen tubes; arrowheads, callose plugs (m-p). Wild-type (a,e,i,j,m,n), cals5-3 (b,f,k,l,o,p), cals5-4 (c,g), and cals5-5 (d,h). Wild type (upper) and cals5-3 (lower) pollen tubes stained with anti-β-1,3 glucan primary and FITC secondary antibodies (q), cellulose staining with calcofluor white (r), and pectin staining with Alcian blue 8GX (s). Bars, 10 μm (a-d, m-s); 100 μm (e-l). |
PMC1274334_F4_3712.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Callose content of cals5 pollen tubes. Aniline blue staining (a-h,j,l,n,p) and differential interference contrast optics (i,k,m,o) of sections of tetrad stage anthers (a-d), self-pollinated pistils (e-h), pollen tubes germinated on an excised stigma and elongating in vitro (i-l), in vitro germinated pollen tubes; arrowheads, callose plugs (m-p). Wild-type (a,e,i,j,m,n), cals5-3 (b,f,k,l,o,p), cals5-4 (c,g), and cals5-5 (d,h). Wild type (upper) and cals5-3 (lower) pollen tubes stained with anti-β-1,3 glucan primary and FITC secondary antibodies (q), cellulose staining with calcofluor white (r), and pectin staining with Alcian blue 8GX (s). Bars, 10 μm (a-d, m-s); 100 μm (e-l). |
PMC1274334_F4_3719.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Callose content of cals5 pollen tubes. Aniline blue staining (a-h,j,l,n,p) and differential interference contrast optics (i,k,m,o) of sections of tetrad stage anthers (a-d), self-pollinated pistils (e-h), pollen tubes germinated on an excised stigma and elongating in vitro (i-l), in vitro germinated pollen tubes; arrowheads, callose plugs (m-p). Wild-type (a,e,i,j,m,n), cals5-3 (b,f,k,l,o,p), cals5-4 (c,g), and cals5-5 (d,h). Wild type (upper) and cals5-3 (lower) pollen tubes stained with anti-β-1,3 glucan primary and FITC secondary antibodies (q), cellulose staining with calcofluor white (r), and pectin staining with Alcian blue 8GX (s). Bars, 10 μm (a-d, m-s); 100 μm (e-l). |
PMC1274334_F4_3722.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Callose content of cals5 pollen tubes. Aniline blue staining (a-h,j,l,n,p) and differential interference contrast optics (i,k,m,o) of sections of tetrad stage anthers (a-d), self-pollinated pistils (e-h), pollen tubes germinated on an excised stigma and elongating in vitro (i-l), in vitro germinated pollen tubes; arrowheads, callose plugs (m-p). Wild-type (a,e,i,j,m,n), cals5-3 (b,f,k,l,o,p), cals5-4 (c,g), and cals5-5 (d,h). Wild type (upper) and cals5-3 (lower) pollen tubes stained with anti-β-1,3 glucan primary and FITC secondary antibodies (q), cellulose staining with calcofluor white (r), and pectin staining with Alcian blue 8GX (s). Bars, 10 μm (a-d, m-s); 100 μm (e-l). |
PMC1274334_F4_3720.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Callose content of cals5 pollen tubes. Aniline blue staining (a-h,j,l,n,p) and differential interference contrast optics (i,k,m,o) of sections of tetrad stage anthers (a-d), self-pollinated pistils (e-h), pollen tubes germinated on an excised stigma and elongating in vitro (i-l), in vitro germinated pollen tubes; arrowheads, callose plugs (m-p). Wild-type (a,e,i,j,m,n), cals5-3 (b,f,k,l,o,p), cals5-4 (c,g), and cals5-5 (d,h). Wild type (upper) and cals5-3 (lower) pollen tubes stained with anti-β-1,3 glucan primary and FITC secondary antibodies (q), cellulose staining with calcofluor white (r), and pectin staining with Alcian blue 8GX (s). Bars, 10 μm (a-d, m-s); 100 μm (e-l). |
PMC1274334_F4_3724.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Callose content of cals5 pollen tubes. Aniline blue staining (a-h,j,l,n,p) and differential interference contrast optics (i,k,m,o) of sections of tetrad stage anthers (a-d), self-pollinated pistils (e-h), pollen tubes germinated on an excised stigma and elongating in vitro (i-l), in vitro germinated pollen tubes; arrowheads, callose plugs (m-p). Wild-type (a,e,i,j,m,n), cals5-3 (b,f,k,l,o,p), cals5-4 (c,g), and cals5-5 (d,h). Wild type (upper) and cals5-3 (lower) pollen tubes stained with anti-β-1,3 glucan primary and FITC secondary antibodies (q), cellulose staining with calcofluor white (r), and pectin staining with Alcian blue 8GX (s). Bars, 10 μm (a-d, m-s); 100 μm (e-l). |
PMC1274334_F5_3708.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | cals5-3 pollen tube function. Pollen tubes from self-pollinated wild-type (a) and cals5-3 (b) pistils, stained with 0.1% Congo red and viewed with a confocal microscope. Bar, 50 mm; arrowheads, pollen tubes entering the micropyle; ov, ovule. Offspring ratios determined by PCR from reciprocal crosses of wild-type and heterozygous cals5-3 plants (c); P, probability determined by χ2. |
PMC1274334_F5_3707.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | cals5-3 pollen tube function. Pollen tubes from self-pollinated wild-type (a) and cals5-3 (b) pistils, stained with 0.1% Congo red and viewed with a confocal microscope. Bar, 50 mm; arrowheads, pollen tubes entering the micropyle; ov, ovule. Offspring ratios determined by PCR from reciprocal crosses of wild-type and heterozygous cals5-3 plants (c); P, probability determined by χ2. |
PMC1274344_F1_3726.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Transmission electron microscopy pictures of asbestos-cement (A) and chrysotile (B) samples. (Magnification: 2000×) |
PMC1276800_F1_3730.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Chest X-ray shows persisting total atelectasis of the right lung. Note the marked loss of volume on the right, pronounced shift of the mediastinum to the right, and compensatory overexpansion of the left lung. |
PMC1276800_F2_3731.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | A High resolution computed tomography demonstrates partial re-expansion of the right lung with very moderate bronchiectasis. B The right lower lobe remains collapsed and shows more extensive bronchiectasis. |
PMC1276800_F2_3732.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | A High resolution computed tomography demonstrates partial re-expansion of the right lung with very moderate bronchiectasis. B The right lower lobe remains collapsed and shows more extensive bronchiectasis. |
PMC1276803_F1_3734.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Expression of CCN2/CTGF mRNA in sparse and confluent MPL cultures (in situ hybridization) with or without TGF-β stimulation. MPL cultures in the sparsity phase (A and B) and confluence phase (C and D) were treated with TGF-β (B and D) or PBS (control: A and C). The cells were then cultured for 12 hrs, fixed, and hybridized with an antisense riboprobe for ccn2/ctgf mRNA. CCN2/CTGF mRNA was distinctly expressed in the cells in the sparse (A), but not in those in the confluent (C) state. However, the addition of TGF-β enhanced the level of CCN2/CTGF mRNA strongly, not only in the sparse cultures (B), but also in the confluent ones (D). |
PMC1276803_F1_3736.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Expression of CCN2/CTGF mRNA in sparse and confluent MPL cultures (in situ hybridization) with or without TGF-β stimulation. MPL cultures in the sparsity phase (A and B) and confluence phase (C and D) were treated with TGF-β (B and D) or PBS (control: A and C). The cells were then cultured for 12 hrs, fixed, and hybridized with an antisense riboprobe for ccn2/ctgf mRNA. CCN2/CTGF mRNA was distinctly expressed in the cells in the sparse (A), but not in those in the confluent (C) state. However, the addition of TGF-β enhanced the level of CCN2/CTGF mRNA strongly, not only in the sparse cultures (B), but also in the confluent ones (D). |
PMC1276803_F1_3735.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Expression of CCN2/CTGF mRNA in sparse and confluent MPL cultures (in situ hybridization) with or without TGF-β stimulation. MPL cultures in the sparsity phase (A and B) and confluence phase (C and D) were treated with TGF-β (B and D) or PBS (control: A and C). The cells were then cultured for 12 hrs, fixed, and hybridized with an antisense riboprobe for ccn2/ctgf mRNA. CCN2/CTGF mRNA was distinctly expressed in the cells in the sparse (A), but not in those in the confluent (C) state. However, the addition of TGF-β enhanced the level of CCN2/CTGF mRNA strongly, not only in the sparse cultures (B), but also in the confluent ones (D). |
PMC1277010_F1_3739.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Chest x-ray of the child 4 months before referral. The CXR shows collapse and tram tracks of the right upper lobe and increased peribronchial and interstitial markings of the right lower lobe. |
PMC1277010_F2_3738.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | CXR of child from referral hospital showing minimal increased changes from CXR taken 4 months ago. |
PMC1277116_f1-ehp0112-001225_3743.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | NTDs and apoptosis in VPA-exposed mouse embryos. Whole 10-dpc embryos, stained with the TUNEL technique, viewed from the right (A,B) and front (C,D). Abbreviations: ba, first branchial arch; fb, forebrain; mb, midbrain; nfs, neural folds. Control (A,C) and VPA-treated embryos (B,D) were removed (48 hr posttreatment) from the uteri of NMRI dams after ip administration of sodium valproate (600 mg/kg body weight) on 8.0 dpc. Note that VPA-exposed embryos exhibit unfused neural folds, resulting in apparent signs of failed anterior neural tube closure (black arrowheads in B). Apoptotic cells (dark) are seen along the line of neural fold fusion in control embryos (white arrowheads in C) but not in VPA-exposed embryos (D), where instead a transversal band of apoptotic cells can be seen in the neuroepithelium of the forebrain (D). Angles of views in C and D are indicated by white arrows in A and B, respectively. |
PMC1277116_f1-ehp0112-001225_3740.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | NTDs and apoptosis in VPA-exposed mouse embryos. Whole 10-dpc embryos, stained with the TUNEL technique, viewed from the right (A,B) and front (C,D). Abbreviations: ba, first branchial arch; fb, forebrain; mb, midbrain; nfs, neural folds. Control (A,C) and VPA-treated embryos (B,D) were removed (48 hr posttreatment) from the uteri of NMRI dams after ip administration of sodium valproate (600 mg/kg body weight) on 8.0 dpc. Note that VPA-exposed embryos exhibit unfused neural folds, resulting in apparent signs of failed anterior neural tube closure (black arrowheads in B). Apoptotic cells (dark) are seen along the line of neural fold fusion in control embryos (white arrowheads in C) but not in VPA-exposed embryos (D), where instead a transversal band of apoptotic cells can be seen in the neuroepithelium of the forebrain (D). Angles of views in C and D are indicated by white arrows in A and B, respectively. |
PMC1277823_F3_3753.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Expression of endogenous nfi-1 mRNA in embryo and adults. N2 worms were fixed and hybridized with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled antisense nfi-1 probe (from plasmid yk42f10) and bound probe was detected using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-DIG antibodies. Panels: a, 2 cell embryo; b, 4 cell embryo; c, 24 cell embryo; d, beginning gastrulation; e, mid-gastrulation; f, late gastrulation; g, comma stage; h, 1.5-fold stage and i, 2-fold stage. Embryos in a-d and f-i are positive for staining. We are currently investigating the apparent loss of signal at mid-gastrulation (panel e). Panels j-m, antisense probe, adults with exposed internal organs: mature oocytes; intestine; gonadal germ cells; n-o, control sense probe, no specific staining is seen. Right panels k, m, o are two-fold magnifications of those on the left. |
PMC1277823_F3_3755.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Expression of endogenous nfi-1 mRNA in embryo and adults. N2 worms were fixed and hybridized with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled antisense nfi-1 probe (from plasmid yk42f10) and bound probe was detected using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-DIG antibodies. Panels: a, 2 cell embryo; b, 4 cell embryo; c, 24 cell embryo; d, beginning gastrulation; e, mid-gastrulation; f, late gastrulation; g, comma stage; h, 1.5-fold stage and i, 2-fold stage. Embryos in a-d and f-i are positive for staining. We are currently investigating the apparent loss of signal at mid-gastrulation (panel e). Panels j-m, antisense probe, adults with exposed internal organs: mature oocytes; intestine; gonadal germ cells; n-o, control sense probe, no specific staining is seen. Right panels k, m, o are two-fold magnifications of those on the left. |
PMC1277823_F3_3754.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Expression of endogenous nfi-1 mRNA in embryo and adults. N2 worms were fixed and hybridized with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled antisense nfi-1 probe (from plasmid yk42f10) and bound probe was detected using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-DIG antibodies. Panels: a, 2 cell embryo; b, 4 cell embryo; c, 24 cell embryo; d, beginning gastrulation; e, mid-gastrulation; f, late gastrulation; g, comma stage; h, 1.5-fold stage and i, 2-fold stage. Embryos in a-d and f-i are positive for staining. We are currently investigating the apparent loss of signal at mid-gastrulation (panel e). Panels j-m, antisense probe, adults with exposed internal organs: mature oocytes; intestine; gonadal germ cells; n-o, control sense probe, no specific staining is seen. Right panels k, m, o are two-fold magnifications of those on the left. |
PMC1277823_F3_3747.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Expression of endogenous nfi-1 mRNA in embryo and adults. N2 worms were fixed and hybridized with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled antisense nfi-1 probe (from plasmid yk42f10) and bound probe was detected using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-DIG antibodies. Panels: a, 2 cell embryo; b, 4 cell embryo; c, 24 cell embryo; d, beginning gastrulation; e, mid-gastrulation; f, late gastrulation; g, comma stage; h, 1.5-fold stage and i, 2-fold stage. Embryos in a-d and f-i are positive for staining. We are currently investigating the apparent loss of signal at mid-gastrulation (panel e). Panels j-m, antisense probe, adults with exposed internal organs: mature oocytes; intestine; gonadal germ cells; n-o, control sense probe, no specific staining is seen. Right panels k, m, o are two-fold magnifications of those on the left. |
PMC1277823_F3_3751.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Expression of endogenous nfi-1 mRNA in embryo and adults. N2 worms were fixed and hybridized with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled antisense nfi-1 probe (from plasmid yk42f10) and bound probe was detected using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-DIG antibodies. Panels: a, 2 cell embryo; b, 4 cell embryo; c, 24 cell embryo; d, beginning gastrulation; e, mid-gastrulation; f, late gastrulation; g, comma stage; h, 1.5-fold stage and i, 2-fold stage. Embryos in a-d and f-i are positive for staining. We are currently investigating the apparent loss of signal at mid-gastrulation (panel e). Panels j-m, antisense probe, adults with exposed internal organs: mature oocytes; intestine; gonadal germ cells; n-o, control sense probe, no specific staining is seen. Right panels k, m, o are two-fold magnifications of those on the left. |
PMC1277823_F3_3750.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Expression of endogenous nfi-1 mRNA in embryo and adults. N2 worms were fixed and hybridized with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled antisense nfi-1 probe (from plasmid yk42f10) and bound probe was detected using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-DIG antibodies. Panels: a, 2 cell embryo; b, 4 cell embryo; c, 24 cell embryo; d, beginning gastrulation; e, mid-gastrulation; f, late gastrulation; g, comma stage; h, 1.5-fold stage and i, 2-fold stage. Embryos in a-d and f-i are positive for staining. We are currently investigating the apparent loss of signal at mid-gastrulation (panel e). Panels j-m, antisense probe, adults with exposed internal organs: mature oocytes; intestine; gonadal germ cells; n-o, control sense probe, no specific staining is seen. Right panels k, m, o are two-fold magnifications of those on the left. |
PMC1277823_F3_3752.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Expression of endogenous nfi-1 mRNA in embryo and adults. N2 worms were fixed and hybridized with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled antisense nfi-1 probe (from plasmid yk42f10) and bound probe was detected using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-DIG antibodies. Panels: a, 2 cell embryo; b, 4 cell embryo; c, 24 cell embryo; d, beginning gastrulation; e, mid-gastrulation; f, late gastrulation; g, comma stage; h, 1.5-fold stage and i, 2-fold stage. Embryos in a-d and f-i are positive for staining. We are currently investigating the apparent loss of signal at mid-gastrulation (panel e). Panels j-m, antisense probe, adults with exposed internal organs: mature oocytes; intestine; gonadal germ cells; n-o, control sense probe, no specific staining is seen. Right panels k, m, o are two-fold magnifications of those on the left. |
PMC1277823_F3_3744.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Expression of endogenous nfi-1 mRNA in embryo and adults. N2 worms were fixed and hybridized with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled antisense nfi-1 probe (from plasmid yk42f10) and bound probe was detected using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-DIG antibodies. Panels: a, 2 cell embryo; b, 4 cell embryo; c, 24 cell embryo; d, beginning gastrulation; e, mid-gastrulation; f, late gastrulation; g, comma stage; h, 1.5-fold stage and i, 2-fold stage. Embryos in a-d and f-i are positive for staining. We are currently investigating the apparent loss of signal at mid-gastrulation (panel e). Panels j-m, antisense probe, adults with exposed internal organs: mature oocytes; intestine; gonadal germ cells; n-o, control sense probe, no specific staining is seen. Right panels k, m, o are two-fold magnifications of those on the left. |
PMC1277823_F3_3746.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Expression of endogenous nfi-1 mRNA in embryo and adults. N2 worms were fixed and hybridized with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled antisense nfi-1 probe (from plasmid yk42f10) and bound probe was detected using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-DIG antibodies. Panels: a, 2 cell embryo; b, 4 cell embryo; c, 24 cell embryo; d, beginning gastrulation; e, mid-gastrulation; f, late gastrulation; g, comma stage; h, 1.5-fold stage and i, 2-fold stage. Embryos in a-d and f-i are positive for staining. We are currently investigating the apparent loss of signal at mid-gastrulation (panel e). Panels j-m, antisense probe, adults with exposed internal organs: mature oocytes; intestine; gonadal germ cells; n-o, control sense probe, no specific staining is seen. Right panels k, m, o are two-fold magnifications of those on the left. |
PMC1277823_F3_3757.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Expression of endogenous nfi-1 mRNA in embryo and adults. N2 worms were fixed and hybridized with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled antisense nfi-1 probe (from plasmid yk42f10) and bound probe was detected using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-DIG antibodies. Panels: a, 2 cell embryo; b, 4 cell embryo; c, 24 cell embryo; d, beginning gastrulation; e, mid-gastrulation; f, late gastrulation; g, comma stage; h, 1.5-fold stage and i, 2-fold stage. Embryos in a-d and f-i are positive for staining. We are currently investigating the apparent loss of signal at mid-gastrulation (panel e). Panels j-m, antisense probe, adults with exposed internal organs: mature oocytes; intestine; gonadal germ cells; n-o, control sense probe, no specific staining is seen. Right panels k, m, o are two-fold magnifications of those on the left. |
PMC1277823_F5_3760.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Locomotion in nfi-1 mutants. Single young adults were spotted in the center of fresh plates and left for 10 min. (A, D) Photographs of N2 worms and nfi-1 mutants; (B, E) Track patterns of N2 worms and nfi-1 mutants; (C, F) Track patterns of N2 worms and nfi-1 mutants with higher magnification. Note less regular tracks in nfi-1 mutant vs. N2 worms. |
PMC1277823_F5_3759.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Locomotion in nfi-1 mutants. Single young adults were spotted in the center of fresh plates and left for 10 min. (A, D) Photographs of N2 worms and nfi-1 mutants; (B, E) Track patterns of N2 worms and nfi-1 mutants; (C, F) Track patterns of N2 worms and nfi-1 mutants with higher magnification. Note less regular tracks in nfi-1 mutant vs. N2 worms. |
PMC1277823_F5_3762.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Locomotion in nfi-1 mutants. Single young adults were spotted in the center of fresh plates and left for 10 min. (A, D) Photographs of N2 worms and nfi-1 mutants; (B, E) Track patterns of N2 worms and nfi-1 mutants; (C, F) Track patterns of N2 worms and nfi-1 mutants with higher magnification. Note less regular tracks in nfi-1 mutant vs. N2 worms. |
PMC1277830_F2_3767.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Comparison of nucleotide free-Pgp (nf-Pgp) and Pgp-AMP-PNP (Pgp-AMP-PNP) three-dimensional structures. A, stereo pair of the nf-Pgp three-dimensional structure, displayed using netting at 1.0 σ (red) and 1.5 σ (yellow) above the mean density level and viewed perpendicular to the crystal plane from the more heavily stained side (corresponding to the extracellular surface). B, equivalent views of the Pgp-AMP-PNP structure. The arrow indicates the gap along one side of the central pore. The locations of the three discrete densities A, B, and C are indicated. C, stereo pair of a side view of Pgp-AMP-PNP with the same color scheme as above. The directions of the principle crystallographic axes a and b are shown. Scale bar = 2.2 nm. AMP-PNP, non-hydralizable ATP analogue [176]. |
PMC1277830_F2_3769.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Comparison of nucleotide free-Pgp (nf-Pgp) and Pgp-AMP-PNP (Pgp-AMP-PNP) three-dimensional structures. A, stereo pair of the nf-Pgp three-dimensional structure, displayed using netting at 1.0 σ (red) and 1.5 σ (yellow) above the mean density level and viewed perpendicular to the crystal plane from the more heavily stained side (corresponding to the extracellular surface). B, equivalent views of the Pgp-AMP-PNP structure. The arrow indicates the gap along one side of the central pore. The locations of the three discrete densities A, B, and C are indicated. C, stereo pair of a side view of Pgp-AMP-PNP with the same color scheme as above. The directions of the principle crystallographic axes a and b are shown. Scale bar = 2.2 nm. AMP-PNP, non-hydralizable ATP analogue [176]. |
PMC1277830_F2_3764.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Comparison of nucleotide free-Pgp (nf-Pgp) and Pgp-AMP-PNP (Pgp-AMP-PNP) three-dimensional structures. A, stereo pair of the nf-Pgp three-dimensional structure, displayed using netting at 1.0 σ (red) and 1.5 σ (yellow) above the mean density level and viewed perpendicular to the crystal plane from the more heavily stained side (corresponding to the extracellular surface). B, equivalent views of the Pgp-AMP-PNP structure. The arrow indicates the gap along one side of the central pore. The locations of the three discrete densities A, B, and C are indicated. C, stereo pair of a side view of Pgp-AMP-PNP with the same color scheme as above. The directions of the principle crystallographic axes a and b are shown. Scale bar = 2.2 nm. AMP-PNP, non-hydralizable ATP analogue [176]. |
PMC1277851_F1_3770.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Whole mount of mucosa from a human bronchus stained with gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and imaged from the luminal surface with a confocal microscope. The low power projection reveals an abundance of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC) in the epithelium. Bar = 500 μm. Inset: higher power view revealing the morphology of PNEC. Where the epithelial surface is flat (ie. parallel with the cover slip), the view is from the top looking down on the cell body and processes but where they lie on the edge of a mucosal fold their flask-like shape is revealed. Bar = 50 μm. |
PMC1277851_F3_3776.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | (a) Representative views of airway mucosa from four lungs double-stained for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5, green) and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP, red). The upper panel is the lumen view, the middle one is rotated through 30 deg and the lower one through 90 deg, ie view from the side. Strings of varicose nerves are present in the epithelium. The dark holes indicate the location of goblet cells. PNEC are inconspicuous in the upper view but become more apparent when the field is projected at an angle. The lower panels demonstrate that GRP is present predominantly in the PNEC processes, whereas PGP 9.5 is restricted to the cell body with its apical stem. Nerves feature strongly in the apical epithelium. Bar = 50μm. Boxed area: This PNEC has been turned through 90 degrees so that the prominent processes now point upwards, and enlarged (right, upper panel). A 90 deg rotation of the projection reveals that the PNEC processes stain strongly for GRP whereas the cell body and apical stem stain mainly for PGP 9.5. Some of the processes are lumen-directed, other processes with feet-like appearance are directed toward the lamina propria. Bar = 10μm. (b) Three PNEC in a field from another lung shown from the lumen (upper) and rotated through 90 deg (lower). Two of the PNEC are predominantly GRP positive whereas the third PNEC stains strongly for PGP 9.5. The upper stem of the middle cell body stains yellow indicating that the PGP 9.5 and the GRP staining are about equal. Bar = 10 μm. (c) A single PNEC shown as individual fields: PGP9.5 only (left), GRP only (middle), composite PGP9.5 + GRP (right). GRP reveals fine processes that issue from the cell body. In contrast to PGP 9.5, GRP does not stain the cell nucleus. Bar = 10 μm. (d) A single PNEC in close association with a nerve terminal. A nerve rises from the base of the PNEC, climbs through the epithelium along the PNEC stem and spreads laterally in the apical epithelium where it exhibits enlarged terminal varicosities. Upper panel: lumen view, middle panel: 45 deg rotation, lower panel, 90 degree rotation. Bar 10 μm. (e) Lumen view of mucosa where the epithelium is tilted showing three PNEC from an angle. Patches of fine varicose nerves are present. Some of the nerves lie close to the stems of two of the PNEC (arrow heads). Bar = 25 μm. Boxed area(right): High power view after rotating shows two PNEC within a patch of nerves. The left PNEC is strongly PGP9.5 positive. The right PNEC has several processes in close apposition to nerves that rise through the epithelium to form an apical nerve plexus. Nerves in the apical epithelium lie close to the central stems of both PNEC. Bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1277851_F3_3777.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | (a) Representative views of airway mucosa from four lungs double-stained for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5, green) and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP, red). The upper panel is the lumen view, the middle one is rotated through 30 deg and the lower one through 90 deg, ie view from the side. Strings of varicose nerves are present in the epithelium. The dark holes indicate the location of goblet cells. PNEC are inconspicuous in the upper view but become more apparent when the field is projected at an angle. The lower panels demonstrate that GRP is present predominantly in the PNEC processes, whereas PGP 9.5 is restricted to the cell body with its apical stem. Nerves feature strongly in the apical epithelium. Bar = 50μm. Boxed area: This PNEC has been turned through 90 degrees so that the prominent processes now point upwards, and enlarged (right, upper panel). A 90 deg rotation of the projection reveals that the PNEC processes stain strongly for GRP whereas the cell body and apical stem stain mainly for PGP 9.5. Some of the processes are lumen-directed, other processes with feet-like appearance are directed toward the lamina propria. Bar = 10μm. (b) Three PNEC in a field from another lung shown from the lumen (upper) and rotated through 90 deg (lower). Two of the PNEC are predominantly GRP positive whereas the third PNEC stains strongly for PGP 9.5. The upper stem of the middle cell body stains yellow indicating that the PGP 9.5 and the GRP staining are about equal. Bar = 10 μm. (c) A single PNEC shown as individual fields: PGP9.5 only (left), GRP only (middle), composite PGP9.5 + GRP (right). GRP reveals fine processes that issue from the cell body. In contrast to PGP 9.5, GRP does not stain the cell nucleus. Bar = 10 μm. (d) A single PNEC in close association with a nerve terminal. A nerve rises from the base of the PNEC, climbs through the epithelium along the PNEC stem and spreads laterally in the apical epithelium where it exhibits enlarged terminal varicosities. Upper panel: lumen view, middle panel: 45 deg rotation, lower panel, 90 degree rotation. Bar 10 μm. (e) Lumen view of mucosa where the epithelium is tilted showing three PNEC from an angle. Patches of fine varicose nerves are present. Some of the nerves lie close to the stems of two of the PNEC (arrow heads). Bar = 25 μm. Boxed area(right): High power view after rotating shows two PNEC within a patch of nerves. The left PNEC is strongly PGP9.5 positive. The right PNEC has several processes in close apposition to nerves that rise through the epithelium to form an apical nerve plexus. Nerves in the apical epithelium lie close to the central stems of both PNEC. Bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1277851_F3_3773.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | (a) Representative views of airway mucosa from four lungs double-stained for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5, green) and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP, red). The upper panel is the lumen view, the middle one is rotated through 30 deg and the lower one through 90 deg, ie view from the side. Strings of varicose nerves are present in the epithelium. The dark holes indicate the location of goblet cells. PNEC are inconspicuous in the upper view but become more apparent when the field is projected at an angle. The lower panels demonstrate that GRP is present predominantly in the PNEC processes, whereas PGP 9.5 is restricted to the cell body with its apical stem. Nerves feature strongly in the apical epithelium. Bar = 50μm. Boxed area: This PNEC has been turned through 90 degrees so that the prominent processes now point upwards, and enlarged (right, upper panel). A 90 deg rotation of the projection reveals that the PNEC processes stain strongly for GRP whereas the cell body and apical stem stain mainly for PGP 9.5. Some of the processes are lumen-directed, other processes with feet-like appearance are directed toward the lamina propria. Bar = 10μm. (b) Three PNEC in a field from another lung shown from the lumen (upper) and rotated through 90 deg (lower). Two of the PNEC are predominantly GRP positive whereas the third PNEC stains strongly for PGP 9.5. The upper stem of the middle cell body stains yellow indicating that the PGP 9.5 and the GRP staining are about equal. Bar = 10 μm. (c) A single PNEC shown as individual fields: PGP9.5 only (left), GRP only (middle), composite PGP9.5 + GRP (right). GRP reveals fine processes that issue from the cell body. In contrast to PGP 9.5, GRP does not stain the cell nucleus. Bar = 10 μm. (d) A single PNEC in close association with a nerve terminal. A nerve rises from the base of the PNEC, climbs through the epithelium along the PNEC stem and spreads laterally in the apical epithelium where it exhibits enlarged terminal varicosities. Upper panel: lumen view, middle panel: 45 deg rotation, lower panel, 90 degree rotation. Bar 10 μm. (e) Lumen view of mucosa where the epithelium is tilted showing three PNEC from an angle. Patches of fine varicose nerves are present. Some of the nerves lie close to the stems of two of the PNEC (arrow heads). Bar = 25 μm. Boxed area(right): High power view after rotating shows two PNEC within a patch of nerves. The left PNEC is strongly PGP9.5 positive. The right PNEC has several processes in close apposition to nerves that rise through the epithelium to form an apical nerve plexus. Nerves in the apical epithelium lie close to the central stems of both PNEC. Bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1277851_F3_3779.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | (a) Representative views of airway mucosa from four lungs double-stained for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5, green) and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP, red). The upper panel is the lumen view, the middle one is rotated through 30 deg and the lower one through 90 deg, ie view from the side. Strings of varicose nerves are present in the epithelium. The dark holes indicate the location of goblet cells. PNEC are inconspicuous in the upper view but become more apparent when the field is projected at an angle. The lower panels demonstrate that GRP is present predominantly in the PNEC processes, whereas PGP 9.5 is restricted to the cell body with its apical stem. Nerves feature strongly in the apical epithelium. Bar = 50μm. Boxed area: This PNEC has been turned through 90 degrees so that the prominent processes now point upwards, and enlarged (right, upper panel). A 90 deg rotation of the projection reveals that the PNEC processes stain strongly for GRP whereas the cell body and apical stem stain mainly for PGP 9.5. Some of the processes are lumen-directed, other processes with feet-like appearance are directed toward the lamina propria. Bar = 10μm. (b) Three PNEC in a field from another lung shown from the lumen (upper) and rotated through 90 deg (lower). Two of the PNEC are predominantly GRP positive whereas the third PNEC stains strongly for PGP 9.5. The upper stem of the middle cell body stains yellow indicating that the PGP 9.5 and the GRP staining are about equal. Bar = 10 μm. (c) A single PNEC shown as individual fields: PGP9.5 only (left), GRP only (middle), composite PGP9.5 + GRP (right). GRP reveals fine processes that issue from the cell body. In contrast to PGP 9.5, GRP does not stain the cell nucleus. Bar = 10 μm. (d) A single PNEC in close association with a nerve terminal. A nerve rises from the base of the PNEC, climbs through the epithelium along the PNEC stem and spreads laterally in the apical epithelium where it exhibits enlarged terminal varicosities. Upper panel: lumen view, middle panel: 45 deg rotation, lower panel, 90 degree rotation. Bar 10 μm. (e) Lumen view of mucosa where the epithelium is tilted showing three PNEC from an angle. Patches of fine varicose nerves are present. Some of the nerves lie close to the stems of two of the PNEC (arrow heads). Bar = 25 μm. Boxed area(right): High power view after rotating shows two PNEC within a patch of nerves. The left PNEC is strongly PGP9.5 positive. The right PNEC has several processes in close apposition to nerves that rise through the epithelium to form an apical nerve plexus. Nerves in the apical epithelium lie close to the central stems of both PNEC. Bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1277851_F3_3774.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | (a) Representative views of airway mucosa from four lungs double-stained for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5, green) and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP, red). The upper panel is the lumen view, the middle one is rotated through 30 deg and the lower one through 90 deg, ie view from the side. Strings of varicose nerves are present in the epithelium. The dark holes indicate the location of goblet cells. PNEC are inconspicuous in the upper view but become more apparent when the field is projected at an angle. The lower panels demonstrate that GRP is present predominantly in the PNEC processes, whereas PGP 9.5 is restricted to the cell body with its apical stem. Nerves feature strongly in the apical epithelium. Bar = 50μm. Boxed area: This PNEC has been turned through 90 degrees so that the prominent processes now point upwards, and enlarged (right, upper panel). A 90 deg rotation of the projection reveals that the PNEC processes stain strongly for GRP whereas the cell body and apical stem stain mainly for PGP 9.5. Some of the processes are lumen-directed, other processes with feet-like appearance are directed toward the lamina propria. Bar = 10μm. (b) Three PNEC in a field from another lung shown from the lumen (upper) and rotated through 90 deg (lower). Two of the PNEC are predominantly GRP positive whereas the third PNEC stains strongly for PGP 9.5. The upper stem of the middle cell body stains yellow indicating that the PGP 9.5 and the GRP staining are about equal. Bar = 10 μm. (c) A single PNEC shown as individual fields: PGP9.5 only (left), GRP only (middle), composite PGP9.5 + GRP (right). GRP reveals fine processes that issue from the cell body. In contrast to PGP 9.5, GRP does not stain the cell nucleus. Bar = 10 μm. (d) A single PNEC in close association with a nerve terminal. A nerve rises from the base of the PNEC, climbs through the epithelium along the PNEC stem and spreads laterally in the apical epithelium where it exhibits enlarged terminal varicosities. Upper panel: lumen view, middle panel: 45 deg rotation, lower panel, 90 degree rotation. Bar 10 μm. (e) Lumen view of mucosa where the epithelium is tilted showing three PNEC from an angle. Patches of fine varicose nerves are present. Some of the nerves lie close to the stems of two of the PNEC (arrow heads). Bar = 25 μm. Boxed area(right): High power view after rotating shows two PNEC within a patch of nerves. The left PNEC is strongly PGP9.5 positive. The right PNEC has several processes in close apposition to nerves that rise through the epithelium to form an apical nerve plexus. Nerves in the apical epithelium lie close to the central stems of both PNEC. Bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1277860_f1-ehp0113-000170_3780.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | C/Fe particulates seen with SEM (magnification 10,000×). Note size and degree of uniformity. Bar = 1 μm. |
PMC1277860_f3-ehp0113-000170_3781.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Human MDMs (magnification, 11,000×) 2 hr after exposure to C particulates. Note particulates within intact lysosomes. Bar = 2 μm. |
PMC1277860_f4-ehp0113-000170_3782.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Human MDMs (magnification, 9,000×) 24 hr after exposure to C particulates. Note clumps of individual particulates free in cytoplasm. Bar = 2 μm. |
PMC1277860_f5-ehp0113-000170_3783.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Human MDMs (magnification, 11,000×) at 4 hr after exposure to C/Fe particulates. Note particulates within lysosomes (arrow points to membranes). Note dilatation of ER. Bar = 2 μm. |
PMC1277860_f6-ehp0113-000170_3787.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Human MDMs (magnification, 11,000×) 24 hr after exposure to C/Fe particulates. Note tendency for fine particulates to form a loose agglomerate. Some particulates are still within membrane-bound phagolysosomes. The nucleus appears to be nearly structurally normal. Bar = 2 μm. |
PMC1277860_f7-ehp0113-000170_3786.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Human MDMs (magnification, 4,900×) 24 hr after exposure to C/Fe particulates. Note chromatolysis of nucleus and the dense cluster of fine particulates with a surrounding zone of lysis. The lysis extends entirely to cell membrane, which is still apparently intact morphologically. Bar = 2 μm. |
PMC1277860_f9-ehp0113-000170_3784.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | SEM preparation (magnification, 1,000×) after exposure in serum-containing medium to C/Fe particulates. Note tendency to agglomerate in about 10–12 μm clusters. Bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1277907_pgen-0010052-g002_3789.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Visualizing Sites of Endocytosis(A) In Tetrahymena, coated pits (cp) are found near the base of cilia, as shown in tangential (left) and cross (right) sections. bb, ciliary basal body; ci, cilia; cv, coated vesicle; mt, mitochondrion; dcv, dense core vesicle. Bars = 200 nm.(B) Time course of FM1–43 dye uptake. A cell shown immediately after treatment with 5 μM FM1–43 (0 min) shows rows of fluorescent puncta at the cell surface. Time-lapse images (10, 14, 18, and 22 min) of a single cell following 5-min exposure to FM1–43. At the later time points (18 and 22 min), the dye accumulates in what appear as vesicles clustered toward the cell posterior. The brightfield image shows the cell at the end of the time course. Bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1277907_pgen-0010052-g002_3788.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Visualizing Sites of Endocytosis(A) In Tetrahymena, coated pits (cp) are found near the base of cilia, as shown in tangential (left) and cross (right) sections. bb, ciliary basal body; ci, cilia; cv, coated vesicle; mt, mitochondrion; dcv, dense core vesicle. Bars = 200 nm.(B) Time course of FM1–43 dye uptake. A cell shown immediately after treatment with 5 μM FM1–43 (0 min) shows rows of fluorescent puncta at the cell surface. Time-lapse images (10, 14, 18, and 22 min) of a single cell following 5-min exposure to FM1–43. At the later time points (18 and 22 min), the dye accumulates in what appear as vesicles clustered toward the cell posterior. The brightfield image shows the cell at the end of the time course. Bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1277907_pgen-0010052-g002_3791.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Visualizing Sites of Endocytosis(A) In Tetrahymena, coated pits (cp) are found near the base of cilia, as shown in tangential (left) and cross (right) sections. bb, ciliary basal body; ci, cilia; cv, coated vesicle; mt, mitochondrion; dcv, dense core vesicle. Bars = 200 nm.(B) Time course of FM1–43 dye uptake. A cell shown immediately after treatment with 5 μM FM1–43 (0 min) shows rows of fluorescent puncta at the cell surface. Time-lapse images (10, 14, 18, and 22 min) of a single cell following 5-min exposure to FM1–43. At the later time points (18 and 22 min), the dye accumulates in what appear as vesicles clustered toward the cell posterior. The brightfield image shows the cell at the end of the time course. Bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1277907_pgen-0010052-g002_3794.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Visualizing Sites of Endocytosis(A) In Tetrahymena, coated pits (cp) are found near the base of cilia, as shown in tangential (left) and cross (right) sections. bb, ciliary basal body; ci, cilia; cv, coated vesicle; mt, mitochondrion; dcv, dense core vesicle. Bars = 200 nm.(B) Time course of FM1–43 dye uptake. A cell shown immediately after treatment with 5 μM FM1–43 (0 min) shows rows of fluorescent puncta at the cell surface. Time-lapse images (10, 14, 18, and 22 min) of a single cell following 5-min exposure to FM1–43. At the later time points (18 and 22 min), the dye accumulates in what appear as vesicles clustered toward the cell posterior. The brightfield image shows the cell at the end of the time course. Bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1277907_pgen-0010052-g002_3793.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Visualizing Sites of Endocytosis(A) In Tetrahymena, coated pits (cp) are found near the base of cilia, as shown in tangential (left) and cross (right) sections. bb, ciliary basal body; ci, cilia; cv, coated vesicle; mt, mitochondrion; dcv, dense core vesicle. Bars = 200 nm.(B) Time course of FM1–43 dye uptake. A cell shown immediately after treatment with 5 μM FM1–43 (0 min) shows rows of fluorescent puncta at the cell surface. Time-lapse images (10, 14, 18, and 22 min) of a single cell following 5-min exposure to FM1–43. At the later time points (18 and 22 min), the dye accumulates in what appear as vesicles clustered toward the cell posterior. The brightfield image shows the cell at the end of the time course. Bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1278491_f2-ehp0113-000491_3796.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Photograph of the lead shot pellet. Photographed by G. Hagelthorn. |
PMC1280401_f5-ehp0113-001196_3799.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Photograph of a Bangladeshi female with keratosis of the palms and blackfoot disease. Her well contained 1.4 μg/L As on 21 July 2002; she had been drinking from this well for 34 years. |
PMC1280931_F5_3805.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | The automated ISH protocol on Arabidopsis tissues. Developing flowers (A-C), developing siliques (D), ovules (E) and transverse sections of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of 10-day seedlings (F-G). Probes used are for histone H4 (A, D, E, G), AP3 (B), AG (C) and stm (F). (A-C) were counterstained with the cell wall dye, Calcofluor, which produces a light blue colour. Expression of AP3 and AG in serial sections (B and C) shows the distinct patterns of expression in the petal/stamen primordia for the class B AP3 gene and in the carpel primordia for the class C AG. In (D) arrows indicate expression of histone H4 in the developing ovules but by this stage there is no expression in the silique/carpel wall. Expression is also detectable in the endosperm of the developing ovule as well as in the cotyledons and root meristem of the embryo (E). In (F) an arrow indicates absence of stm expression in the leaf promordia but histone is expressed here and in the slightly older leaves (G). IM, inflorescence meristem; FM, floral meristem, number indicates the approximate flower stage; s, sepal; ca, carpel; st, stamen; pe, petal; cw, carpel wall; ov, ovule; en, endosperm; em, embryo; sam, shoot apical meristem; lp, leaf primordium. |
PMC1280931_F5_3801.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | The automated ISH protocol on Arabidopsis tissues. Developing flowers (A-C), developing siliques (D), ovules (E) and transverse sections of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of 10-day seedlings (F-G). Probes used are for histone H4 (A, D, E, G), AP3 (B), AG (C) and stm (F). (A-C) were counterstained with the cell wall dye, Calcofluor, which produces a light blue colour. Expression of AP3 and AG in serial sections (B and C) shows the distinct patterns of expression in the petal/stamen primordia for the class B AP3 gene and in the carpel primordia for the class C AG. In (D) arrows indicate expression of histone H4 in the developing ovules but by this stage there is no expression in the silique/carpel wall. Expression is also detectable in the endosperm of the developing ovule as well as in the cotyledons and root meristem of the embryo (E). In (F) an arrow indicates absence of stm expression in the leaf promordia but histone is expressed here and in the slightly older leaves (G). IM, inflorescence meristem; FM, floral meristem, number indicates the approximate flower stage; s, sepal; ca, carpel; st, stamen; pe, petal; cw, carpel wall; ov, ovule; en, endosperm; em, embryo; sam, shoot apical meristem; lp, leaf primordium. |
PMC1280931_F5_3803.jpg | What is shown in this image? | The automated ISH protocol on Arabidopsis tissues. Developing flowers (A-C), developing siliques (D), ovules (E) and transverse sections of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of 10-day seedlings (F-G). Probes used are for histone H4 (A, D, E, G), AP3 (B), AG (C) and stm (F). (A-C) were counterstained with the cell wall dye, Calcofluor, which produces a light blue colour. Expression of AP3 and AG in serial sections (B and C) shows the distinct patterns of expression in the petal/stamen primordia for the class B AP3 gene and in the carpel primordia for the class C AG. In (D) arrows indicate expression of histone H4 in the developing ovules but by this stage there is no expression in the silique/carpel wall. Expression is also detectable in the endosperm of the developing ovule as well as in the cotyledons and root meristem of the embryo (E). In (F) an arrow indicates absence of stm expression in the leaf promordia but histone is expressed here and in the slightly older leaves (G). IM, inflorescence meristem; FM, floral meristem, number indicates the approximate flower stage; s, sepal; ca, carpel; st, stamen; pe, petal; cw, carpel wall; ov, ovule; en, endosperm; em, embryo; sam, shoot apical meristem; lp, leaf primordium. |
PMC1280931_F5_3802.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | The automated ISH protocol on Arabidopsis tissues. Developing flowers (A-C), developing siliques (D), ovules (E) and transverse sections of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of 10-day seedlings (F-G). Probes used are for histone H4 (A, D, E, G), AP3 (B), AG (C) and stm (F). (A-C) were counterstained with the cell wall dye, Calcofluor, which produces a light blue colour. Expression of AP3 and AG in serial sections (B and C) shows the distinct patterns of expression in the petal/stamen primordia for the class B AP3 gene and in the carpel primordia for the class C AG. In (D) arrows indicate expression of histone H4 in the developing ovules but by this stage there is no expression in the silique/carpel wall. Expression is also detectable in the endosperm of the developing ovule as well as in the cotyledons and root meristem of the embryo (E). In (F) an arrow indicates absence of stm expression in the leaf promordia but histone is expressed here and in the slightly older leaves (G). IM, inflorescence meristem; FM, floral meristem, number indicates the approximate flower stage; s, sepal; ca, carpel; st, stamen; pe, petal; cw, carpel wall; ov, ovule; en, endosperm; em, embryo; sam, shoot apical meristem; lp, leaf primordium. |
PMC1280931_F5_3804.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | The automated ISH protocol on Arabidopsis tissues. Developing flowers (A-C), developing siliques (D), ovules (E) and transverse sections of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of 10-day seedlings (F-G). Probes used are for histone H4 (A, D, E, G), AP3 (B), AG (C) and stm (F). (A-C) were counterstained with the cell wall dye, Calcofluor, which produces a light blue colour. Expression of AP3 and AG in serial sections (B and C) shows the distinct patterns of expression in the petal/stamen primordia for the class B AP3 gene and in the carpel primordia for the class C AG. In (D) arrows indicate expression of histone H4 in the developing ovules but by this stage there is no expression in the silique/carpel wall. Expression is also detectable in the endosperm of the developing ovule as well as in the cotyledons and root meristem of the embryo (E). In (F) an arrow indicates absence of stm expression in the leaf promordia but histone is expressed here and in the slightly older leaves (G). IM, inflorescence meristem; FM, floral meristem, number indicates the approximate flower stage; s, sepal; ca, carpel; st, stamen; pe, petal; cw, carpel wall; ov, ovule; en, endosperm; em, embryo; sam, shoot apical meristem; lp, leaf primordium. |
PMC1280931_F5_3800.jpg | What is shown in this image? | The automated ISH protocol on Arabidopsis tissues. Developing flowers (A-C), developing siliques (D), ovules (E) and transverse sections of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of 10-day seedlings (F-G). Probes used are for histone H4 (A, D, E, G), AP3 (B), AG (C) and stm (F). (A-C) were counterstained with the cell wall dye, Calcofluor, which produces a light blue colour. Expression of AP3 and AG in serial sections (B and C) shows the distinct patterns of expression in the petal/stamen primordia for the class B AP3 gene and in the carpel primordia for the class C AG. In (D) arrows indicate expression of histone H4 in the developing ovules but by this stage there is no expression in the silique/carpel wall. Expression is also detectable in the endosperm of the developing ovule as well as in the cotyledons and root meristem of the embryo (E). In (F) an arrow indicates absence of stm expression in the leaf promordia but histone is expressed here and in the slightly older leaves (G). IM, inflorescence meristem; FM, floral meristem, number indicates the approximate flower stage; s, sepal; ca, carpel; st, stamen; pe, petal; cw, carpel wall; ov, ovule; en, endosperm; em, embryo; sam, shoot apical meristem; lp, leaf primordium. |
PMC1281309_f5-ehp0113-a00670_3808.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Gender basis.In a study of the brain region known as the BSTc, which varies in size by sex, the volume of the BSTc for male-to-female transsexuals was analogous to that seen in women, leading the authors to speculate that the findings “support the hypothesis that gender identity develops as a result of an interaction between the developing brain and sex hormones.” |
PMC1281309_f5-ehp0113-a00670_3809.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Gender basis.In a study of the brain region known as the BSTc, which varies in size by sex, the volume of the BSTc for male-to-female transsexuals was analogous to that seen in women, leading the authors to speculate that the findings “support the hypothesis that gender identity develops as a result of an interaction between the developing brain and sex hormones.” |
PMC1281309_f5-ehp0113-a00670_3807.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Gender basis.In a study of the brain region known as the BSTc, which varies in size by sex, the volume of the BSTc for male-to-female transsexuals was analogous to that seen in women, leading the authors to speculate that the findings “support the hypothesis that gender identity develops as a result of an interaction between the developing brain and sex hormones.” |
PMC1282576_F2_3811.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Chest X-Ray showed pneumomediastinum. |
PMC1282588_F1_3812.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Histopathological appearance of the tumour under low and higher magnification respectively. The tumour consists of densely crowded spindle and polygonal cells with moderate nuclear pleomorphism. It has involved all the layers of the small bowel wall from mucosa outwards to the serosa. |
PMC1282588_F2_3813.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Histopathological appearance of the tumour under low and higher magnification respectively. The tumour consists of densely crowded spindle and polygonal cells with moderate nuclear pleomorphism. It has involved all the layers of the small bowel wall from mucosa outwards to the serosa. |
PMC1283252_ppat-0010023-g002_3817.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? |
B. anthracis Spores Germinate within Human Neutrophils(A) TEM of neutrophil infected with spores of the toxin-producing strain for 90 min at an MOI of 1:1. At this time point both spores (arrow) and germinated bacteria (arrowhead) were present (see inset for amplification).(B) Neutrophil infected for 180 min. At this time point neutrophils contained mostly germinated bacteria (arrowheads). Bars in (A) indicate 5 μm, in (B) 2 μm, and in insets 500 nm.(C) Phagocytosis of B. anthracis spores is essential for neutrophil killing. Phagocytosis of activated neutrophils was inhibited with cytochalasin D (grey bars). Cells were infected with wild-type strain at an MOI of 5:1. Controls were PMA-activated cells not treated with cytochalasin D (black bars).(D) B. anthracis spores do not germinate in the presence of neutrophils. PMA-activated neutrophils were pretreated with cytochalasin D in the presence (black bars) or absence (grey bars) of penicillin G (25μg/ml). The cells were infected with wild-type strain spores at an MOI of 5:1 and incubated for the given time points. The CFU was determined by serial dilution. Survival of 100% refers to the number of spores present in the controls lacking penicillin G. Error bars indicate the SD from three experiments. |
PMC1283252_ppat-0010023-g002_3815.jpg | What does this image primarily show? |
B. anthracis Spores Germinate within Human Neutrophils(A) TEM of neutrophil infected with spores of the toxin-producing strain for 90 min at an MOI of 1:1. At this time point both spores (arrow) and germinated bacteria (arrowhead) were present (see inset for amplification).(B) Neutrophil infected for 180 min. At this time point neutrophils contained mostly germinated bacteria (arrowheads). Bars in (A) indicate 5 μm, in (B) 2 μm, and in insets 500 nm.(C) Phagocytosis of B. anthracis spores is essential for neutrophil killing. Phagocytosis of activated neutrophils was inhibited with cytochalasin D (grey bars). Cells were infected with wild-type strain at an MOI of 5:1. Controls were PMA-activated cells not treated with cytochalasin D (black bars).(D) B. anthracis spores do not germinate in the presence of neutrophils. PMA-activated neutrophils were pretreated with cytochalasin D in the presence (black bars) or absence (grey bars) of penicillin G (25μg/ml). The cells were infected with wild-type strain spores at an MOI of 5:1 and incubated for the given time points. The CFU was determined by serial dilution. Survival of 100% refers to the number of spores present in the controls lacking penicillin G. Error bars indicate the SD from three experiments. |
PMC1283745_F1_3822.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Panel A: transthoracic echocardiography, modified four chamber subscostal view showing the dissecting tract through right ventricular free wall forming an intramural neo-cavity (asterisk), the arrow indicates the re-entry point of dissecting tract into right ventricle chamber. Panel B: transthoracic echocardiography, modified short axis subcostal view showing rupture of the inferobasal septum at the point that originates the right ventricular wall dissection (arrow), asterisk indicates the dissected neo-cavity. Panel C: postoperative transesophageal echocardiography, transgastric short axis view showing thickened basal segments of the right ventricle and inferobasal septum without visible dissecting tract (black arrow), note increased echoreflectivity at this site. Acoustic shadow caused by prosthetic patch has been indicated (asterisk). Abbreviations: LV, left ventricle, RA, right atrium, RV, right ventricle. |
PMC1283745_F1_3820.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Panel A: transthoracic echocardiography, modified four chamber subscostal view showing the dissecting tract through right ventricular free wall forming an intramural neo-cavity (asterisk), the arrow indicates the re-entry point of dissecting tract into right ventricle chamber. Panel B: transthoracic echocardiography, modified short axis subcostal view showing rupture of the inferobasal septum at the point that originates the right ventricular wall dissection (arrow), asterisk indicates the dissected neo-cavity. Panel C: postoperative transesophageal echocardiography, transgastric short axis view showing thickened basal segments of the right ventricle and inferobasal septum without visible dissecting tract (black arrow), note increased echoreflectivity at this site. Acoustic shadow caused by prosthetic patch has been indicated (asterisk). Abbreviations: LV, left ventricle, RA, right atrium, RV, right ventricle. |
PMC1283745_F2_3818.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Panel A: transthoracic echocardiography, modified short axis subcostal view with color flow Doppler mapping showing left ventricular entry site of septal rupture (white arrow). Panel B: transthoracic echocardiography, modified four chamber subscostal view with color flow Doppler mapping showing septal rupture exit site in the right ventricular free wall (black arrow). Asterisk indicates the intramural neo-cavity in the right ventricular free wall. Abbreviations: LV, left ventricle, RA, right atrium, RV, right ventricle. |
PMC1283745_F2_3819.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Panel A: transthoracic echocardiography, modified short axis subcostal view with color flow Doppler mapping showing left ventricular entry site of septal rupture (white arrow). Panel B: transthoracic echocardiography, modified four chamber subscostal view with color flow Doppler mapping showing septal rupture exit site in the right ventricular free wall (black arrow). Asterisk indicates the intramural neo-cavity in the right ventricular free wall. Abbreviations: LV, left ventricle, RA, right atrium, RV, right ventricle. |
PMC1283745_F3_3823.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Schematic short axis (panel A) and four chamber subcostal (panel B) echocardiographic views showing the septal rupture location and dissecting tract trajectory through right ventricular wall. Blood flows from left ventricle (panel A, inferior arrow) into right ventricular wall creating an intramural neo-cavity (panel A and B, asterisk), and re-enters the right ventricle chamber (panel A, superior arrow, panel B arrow). Abbreviations: LV left ventricle, LA left atrium, RA right atrium, RV right ventricle. |
PMC1283984_F4_3828.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology is observed in mice exposed to Ova and RSV. Lung sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained for A) cellularity, B) mucus (purple), and C) eosinophils (green) as described in the materials and methods section. The photographs are representative of the staining that occurs in the bronchioles of SAL, OVA, SSR, and OOR exposed mice. Although not shown, the RSS resembled the SSR group and the ROO group was not significantly different from the OVA mice. Scale bar = 50 μm. |
PMC1283984_F4_3826.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology is observed in mice exposed to Ova and RSV. Lung sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained for A) cellularity, B) mucus (purple), and C) eosinophils (green) as described in the materials and methods section. The photographs are representative of the staining that occurs in the bronchioles of SAL, OVA, SSR, and OOR exposed mice. Although not shown, the RSS resembled the SSR group and the ROO group was not significantly different from the OVA mice. Scale bar = 50 μm. |
PMC1283984_F4_3827.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology is observed in mice exposed to Ova and RSV. Lung sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained for A) cellularity, B) mucus (purple), and C) eosinophils (green) as described in the materials and methods section. The photographs are representative of the staining that occurs in the bronchioles of SAL, OVA, SSR, and OOR exposed mice. Although not shown, the RSS resembled the SSR group and the ROO group was not significantly different from the OVA mice. Scale bar = 50 μm. |
PMC1283984_F4_3834.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology is observed in mice exposed to Ova and RSV. Lung sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained for A) cellularity, B) mucus (purple), and C) eosinophils (green) as described in the materials and methods section. The photographs are representative of the staining that occurs in the bronchioles of SAL, OVA, SSR, and OOR exposed mice. Although not shown, the RSS resembled the SSR group and the ROO group was not significantly different from the OVA mice. Scale bar = 50 μm. |
PMC1283984_F4_3825.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology is observed in mice exposed to Ova and RSV. Lung sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained for A) cellularity, B) mucus (purple), and C) eosinophils (green) as described in the materials and methods section. The photographs are representative of the staining that occurs in the bronchioles of SAL, OVA, SSR, and OOR exposed mice. Although not shown, the RSS resembled the SSR group and the ROO group was not significantly different from the OVA mice. Scale bar = 50 μm. |
PMC1283984_F4_3832.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology is observed in mice exposed to Ova and RSV. Lung sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained for A) cellularity, B) mucus (purple), and C) eosinophils (green) as described in the materials and methods section. The photographs are representative of the staining that occurs in the bronchioles of SAL, OVA, SSR, and OOR exposed mice. Although not shown, the RSS resembled the SSR group and the ROO group was not significantly different from the OVA mice. Scale bar = 50 μm. |
PMC1283984_F4_3833.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology is observed in mice exposed to Ova and RSV. Lung sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained for A) cellularity, B) mucus (purple), and C) eosinophils (green) as described in the materials and methods section. The photographs are representative of the staining that occurs in the bronchioles of SAL, OVA, SSR, and OOR exposed mice. Although not shown, the RSS resembled the SSR group and the ROO group was not significantly different from the OVA mice. Scale bar = 50 μm. |
PMC1283984_F4_3829.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology is observed in mice exposed to Ova and RSV. Lung sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained for A) cellularity, B) mucus (purple), and C) eosinophils (green) as described in the materials and methods section. The photographs are representative of the staining that occurs in the bronchioles of SAL, OVA, SSR, and OOR exposed mice. Although not shown, the RSS resembled the SSR group and the ROO group was not significantly different from the OVA mice. Scale bar = 50 μm. |
PMC1285361_F2_3839.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Ginkgo male and female short shoots. (A) The fertile female structure (megasporangia) has just emerged from the bud. Two ovules set on a green stalk are visible. Young, unfurled leaves, which have also emerged have extended above the megasporangia. The bracts, which originally enclosed the bud, are now completely opened below the leaves and megasporangia (B) Scanning EM of an ovule, which is completely enclosed by an integument. (C) A longitudinal cross section of the megasporangia reveals the integument enclosing the nucellus. (D) The male reproductive structure is a cluster of microsporangia. In the center of the bud are partly emerged leaves (E) Scanning EM shows two microsporangial lobes containing ripening pollen sacks attached to a stalk. (F) Longitudinal cross section shows a large mucilage containing cavity juxtaposed from the microsporangia filled with immature pollen. C integument; N, nucellus; I, microsporngia; L, mucilage cavity. O, ovule |
PMC1285361_F2_3836.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Ginkgo male and female short shoots. (A) The fertile female structure (megasporangia) has just emerged from the bud. Two ovules set on a green stalk are visible. Young, unfurled leaves, which have also emerged have extended above the megasporangia. The bracts, which originally enclosed the bud, are now completely opened below the leaves and megasporangia (B) Scanning EM of an ovule, which is completely enclosed by an integument. (C) A longitudinal cross section of the megasporangia reveals the integument enclosing the nucellus. (D) The male reproductive structure is a cluster of microsporangia. In the center of the bud are partly emerged leaves (E) Scanning EM shows two microsporangial lobes containing ripening pollen sacks attached to a stalk. (F) Longitudinal cross section shows a large mucilage containing cavity juxtaposed from the microsporangia filled with immature pollen. C integument; N, nucellus; I, microsporngia; L, mucilage cavity. O, ovule |
PMC1285361_F2_3837.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Ginkgo male and female short shoots. (A) The fertile female structure (megasporangia) has just emerged from the bud. Two ovules set on a green stalk are visible. Young, unfurled leaves, which have also emerged have extended above the megasporangia. The bracts, which originally enclosed the bud, are now completely opened below the leaves and megasporangia (B) Scanning EM of an ovule, which is completely enclosed by an integument. (C) A longitudinal cross section of the megasporangia reveals the integument enclosing the nucellus. (D) The male reproductive structure is a cluster of microsporangia. In the center of the bud are partly emerged leaves (E) Scanning EM shows two microsporangial lobes containing ripening pollen sacks attached to a stalk. (F) Longitudinal cross section shows a large mucilage containing cavity juxtaposed from the microsporangia filled with immature pollen. C integument; N, nucellus; I, microsporngia; L, mucilage cavity. O, ovule |
PMC1285361_F2_3838.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Ginkgo male and female short shoots. (A) The fertile female structure (megasporangia) has just emerged from the bud. Two ovules set on a green stalk are visible. Young, unfurled leaves, which have also emerged have extended above the megasporangia. The bracts, which originally enclosed the bud, are now completely opened below the leaves and megasporangia (B) Scanning EM of an ovule, which is completely enclosed by an integument. (C) A longitudinal cross section of the megasporangia reveals the integument enclosing the nucellus. (D) The male reproductive structure is a cluster of microsporangia. In the center of the bud are partly emerged leaves (E) Scanning EM shows two microsporangial lobes containing ripening pollen sacks attached to a stalk. (F) Longitudinal cross section shows a large mucilage containing cavity juxtaposed from the microsporangia filled with immature pollen. C integument; N, nucellus; I, microsporngia; L, mucilage cavity. O, ovule |
PMC1285366_F2_3842.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Immunocytochemical staining of confluent cell cultures from human AG tissue on fibronectin coverslips. A: Arachnoidal cells in culture were incubated with a Cy3 conjugated anti-vimentin antibody. Cells expressed this intermediate filament protein uniformly throughout the cytoplasm. B: Arachnoidal cells were labeled with a broad spectrum anti-cytokeratin antibody and visualized with a FITC conjugated secondary antibody. Cells expressed the epithelial specific intermediate filament protein cytokeratin in a perinuclear pattern, though the expression of this protein was not uniform. C: Cells cultured from AG tissue were incubated with a connexin43 antibody and then visualized with a FITC conjugated secondary antibody. Immunolocalization of this protein in a punctuate pattern at cell-cell borders (red arrows) indicates that arachnoidal cells are able to form gap junctions in confluent culture. D: Tight junctions in confluent cultures were identified by immunoreactivity to a FITC conjugated ZO-1 antibody. The antibody deposition pattern can be seen at cell-cell borders (white arrow) with overlapping filapodia consisting of short linear structures in parallel. E: Arachnoidal cells in culture were labeled with an anti-desmoplakin antibody and revealed with an Alexa Fluor 555 conjugated secondary antibody. Confluent cultures were able to form desmosomes as evidenced by the punctuate staining along the membranes of adjacent cell borders (white arrows). F: E-cadherin immunoreactivity was demonstrated by incubating cells with a FITC conjugated antibody to E-cadherin. This epithelial specific cell adhesion molecule was expressed at the periphery of the cells, at cell-cell contacts (white arrows) in a pattern similar to that of connexin43 or ZO-1. All immunofluorescent images were taken at the same magnification. Bar= 50 μm. |
PMC1285366_F2_3846.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Immunocytochemical staining of confluent cell cultures from human AG tissue on fibronectin coverslips. A: Arachnoidal cells in culture were incubated with a Cy3 conjugated anti-vimentin antibody. Cells expressed this intermediate filament protein uniformly throughout the cytoplasm. B: Arachnoidal cells were labeled with a broad spectrum anti-cytokeratin antibody and visualized with a FITC conjugated secondary antibody. Cells expressed the epithelial specific intermediate filament protein cytokeratin in a perinuclear pattern, though the expression of this protein was not uniform. C: Cells cultured from AG tissue were incubated with a connexin43 antibody and then visualized with a FITC conjugated secondary antibody. Immunolocalization of this protein in a punctuate pattern at cell-cell borders (red arrows) indicates that arachnoidal cells are able to form gap junctions in confluent culture. D: Tight junctions in confluent cultures were identified by immunoreactivity to a FITC conjugated ZO-1 antibody. The antibody deposition pattern can be seen at cell-cell borders (white arrow) with overlapping filapodia consisting of short linear structures in parallel. E: Arachnoidal cells in culture were labeled with an anti-desmoplakin antibody and revealed with an Alexa Fluor 555 conjugated secondary antibody. Confluent cultures were able to form desmosomes as evidenced by the punctuate staining along the membranes of adjacent cell borders (white arrows). F: E-cadherin immunoreactivity was demonstrated by incubating cells with a FITC conjugated antibody to E-cadherin. This epithelial specific cell adhesion molecule was expressed at the periphery of the cells, at cell-cell contacts (white arrows) in a pattern similar to that of connexin43 or ZO-1. All immunofluorescent images were taken at the same magnification. Bar= 50 μm. |
PMC1285366_F2_3843.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Immunocytochemical staining of confluent cell cultures from human AG tissue on fibronectin coverslips. A: Arachnoidal cells in culture were incubated with a Cy3 conjugated anti-vimentin antibody. Cells expressed this intermediate filament protein uniformly throughout the cytoplasm. B: Arachnoidal cells were labeled with a broad spectrum anti-cytokeratin antibody and visualized with a FITC conjugated secondary antibody. Cells expressed the epithelial specific intermediate filament protein cytokeratin in a perinuclear pattern, though the expression of this protein was not uniform. C: Cells cultured from AG tissue were incubated with a connexin43 antibody and then visualized with a FITC conjugated secondary antibody. Immunolocalization of this protein in a punctuate pattern at cell-cell borders (red arrows) indicates that arachnoidal cells are able to form gap junctions in confluent culture. D: Tight junctions in confluent cultures were identified by immunoreactivity to a FITC conjugated ZO-1 antibody. The antibody deposition pattern can be seen at cell-cell borders (white arrow) with overlapping filapodia consisting of short linear structures in parallel. E: Arachnoidal cells in culture were labeled with an anti-desmoplakin antibody and revealed with an Alexa Fluor 555 conjugated secondary antibody. Confluent cultures were able to form desmosomes as evidenced by the punctuate staining along the membranes of adjacent cell borders (white arrows). F: E-cadherin immunoreactivity was demonstrated by incubating cells with a FITC conjugated antibody to E-cadherin. This epithelial specific cell adhesion molecule was expressed at the periphery of the cells, at cell-cell contacts (white arrows) in a pattern similar to that of connexin43 or ZO-1. All immunofluorescent images were taken at the same magnification. Bar= 50 μm. |
PMC1285366_F2_3841.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Immunocytochemical staining of confluent cell cultures from human AG tissue on fibronectin coverslips. A: Arachnoidal cells in culture were incubated with a Cy3 conjugated anti-vimentin antibody. Cells expressed this intermediate filament protein uniformly throughout the cytoplasm. B: Arachnoidal cells were labeled with a broad spectrum anti-cytokeratin antibody and visualized with a FITC conjugated secondary antibody. Cells expressed the epithelial specific intermediate filament protein cytokeratin in a perinuclear pattern, though the expression of this protein was not uniform. C: Cells cultured from AG tissue were incubated with a connexin43 antibody and then visualized with a FITC conjugated secondary antibody. Immunolocalization of this protein in a punctuate pattern at cell-cell borders (red arrows) indicates that arachnoidal cells are able to form gap junctions in confluent culture. D: Tight junctions in confluent cultures were identified by immunoreactivity to a FITC conjugated ZO-1 antibody. The antibody deposition pattern can be seen at cell-cell borders (white arrow) with overlapping filapodia consisting of short linear structures in parallel. E: Arachnoidal cells in culture were labeled with an anti-desmoplakin antibody and revealed with an Alexa Fluor 555 conjugated secondary antibody. Confluent cultures were able to form desmosomes as evidenced by the punctuate staining along the membranes of adjacent cell borders (white arrows). F: E-cadherin immunoreactivity was demonstrated by incubating cells with a FITC conjugated antibody to E-cadherin. This epithelial specific cell adhesion molecule was expressed at the periphery of the cells, at cell-cell contacts (white arrows) in a pattern similar to that of connexin43 or ZO-1. All immunofluorescent images were taken at the same magnification. Bar= 50 μm. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g002_3848.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | The Accumulation of p47 GTPases at the PV Is Dependent on Active Invasion by T. gondii
(A–D) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 2 h, fixed, and stained for IGTP (A), GTPI (B), TGTP1 (C), or IRG-47 (D).(E) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 2 h, fixed, and stained for IIGP1 (red) and T. gondii (green).(F) IFN-γ-induced cells were infected with T. gondii, fixed 24 h later, and stained for IIGP1. White arrowheads point to PVs containing replicating parasites.(G and H) IFN-γ-induced cells were infected with heat-killed (G) or live (H) parasites, fixed 2 h later, and stained for IIGP1 (green) and LAMP1 (red). White arrowheads in (G) point to parasites residing in a LAMP1-positive but IIGP1-negative compartment. (H) Shows single sections of a 3D deconvoluted Z-series. Nuclei of host cells and parasites were stained with DAPI. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g002_3851.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | The Accumulation of p47 GTPases at the PV Is Dependent on Active Invasion by T. gondii
(A–D) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 2 h, fixed, and stained for IGTP (A), GTPI (B), TGTP1 (C), or IRG-47 (D).(E) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 2 h, fixed, and stained for IIGP1 (red) and T. gondii (green).(F) IFN-γ-induced cells were infected with T. gondii, fixed 24 h later, and stained for IIGP1. White arrowheads point to PVs containing replicating parasites.(G and H) IFN-γ-induced cells were infected with heat-killed (G) or live (H) parasites, fixed 2 h later, and stained for IIGP1 (green) and LAMP1 (red). White arrowheads in (G) point to parasites residing in a LAMP1-positive but IIGP1-negative compartment. (H) Shows single sections of a 3D deconvoluted Z-series. Nuclei of host cells and parasites were stained with DAPI. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g002_3856.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | The Accumulation of p47 GTPases at the PV Is Dependent on Active Invasion by T. gondii
(A–D) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 2 h, fixed, and stained for IGTP (A), GTPI (B), TGTP1 (C), or IRG-47 (D).(E) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 2 h, fixed, and stained for IIGP1 (red) and T. gondii (green).(F) IFN-γ-induced cells were infected with T. gondii, fixed 24 h later, and stained for IIGP1. White arrowheads point to PVs containing replicating parasites.(G and H) IFN-γ-induced cells were infected with heat-killed (G) or live (H) parasites, fixed 2 h later, and stained for IIGP1 (green) and LAMP1 (red). White arrowheads in (G) point to parasites residing in a LAMP1-positive but IIGP1-negative compartment. (H) Shows single sections of a 3D deconvoluted Z-series. Nuclei of host cells and parasites were stained with DAPI. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g002_3847.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | The Accumulation of p47 GTPases at the PV Is Dependent on Active Invasion by T. gondii
(A–D) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 2 h, fixed, and stained for IGTP (A), GTPI (B), TGTP1 (C), or IRG-47 (D).(E) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 2 h, fixed, and stained for IIGP1 (red) and T. gondii (green).(F) IFN-γ-induced cells were infected with T. gondii, fixed 24 h later, and stained for IIGP1. White arrowheads point to PVs containing replicating parasites.(G and H) IFN-γ-induced cells were infected with heat-killed (G) or live (H) parasites, fixed 2 h later, and stained for IIGP1 (green) and LAMP1 (red). White arrowheads in (G) point to parasites residing in a LAMP1-positive but IIGP1-negative compartment. (H) Shows single sections of a 3D deconvoluted Z-series. Nuclei of host cells and parasites were stained with DAPI. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g002_3857.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | The Accumulation of p47 GTPases at the PV Is Dependent on Active Invasion by T. gondii
(A–D) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 2 h, fixed, and stained for IGTP (A), GTPI (B), TGTP1 (C), or IRG-47 (D).(E) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 2 h, fixed, and stained for IIGP1 (red) and T. gondii (green).(F) IFN-γ-induced cells were infected with T. gondii, fixed 24 h later, and stained for IIGP1. White arrowheads point to PVs containing replicating parasites.(G and H) IFN-γ-induced cells were infected with heat-killed (G) or live (H) parasites, fixed 2 h later, and stained for IIGP1 (green) and LAMP1 (red). White arrowheads in (G) point to parasites residing in a LAMP1-positive but IIGP1-negative compartment. (H) Shows single sections of a 3D deconvoluted Z-series. Nuclei of host cells and parasites were stained with DAPI. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g002_3850.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | The Accumulation of p47 GTPases at the PV Is Dependent on Active Invasion by T. gondii
(A–D) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 2 h, fixed, and stained for IGTP (A), GTPI (B), TGTP1 (C), or IRG-47 (D).(E) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 2 h, fixed, and stained for IIGP1 (red) and T. gondii (green).(F) IFN-γ-induced cells were infected with T. gondii, fixed 24 h later, and stained for IIGP1. White arrowheads point to PVs containing replicating parasites.(G and H) IFN-γ-induced cells were infected with heat-killed (G) or live (H) parasites, fixed 2 h later, and stained for IIGP1 (green) and LAMP1 (red). White arrowheads in (G) point to parasites residing in a LAMP1-positive but IIGP1-negative compartment. (H) Shows single sections of a 3D deconvoluted Z-series. Nuclei of host cells and parasites were stained with DAPI. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g002_3855.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | The Accumulation of p47 GTPases at the PV Is Dependent on Active Invasion by T. gondii
(A–D) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 2 h, fixed, and stained for IGTP (A), GTPI (B), TGTP1 (C), or IRG-47 (D).(E) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 2 h, fixed, and stained for IIGP1 (red) and T. gondii (green).(F) IFN-γ-induced cells were infected with T. gondii, fixed 24 h later, and stained for IIGP1. White arrowheads point to PVs containing replicating parasites.(G and H) IFN-γ-induced cells were infected with heat-killed (G) or live (H) parasites, fixed 2 h later, and stained for IIGP1 (green) and LAMP1 (red). White arrowheads in (G) point to parasites residing in a LAMP1-positive but IIGP1-negative compartment. (H) Shows single sections of a 3D deconvoluted Z-series. Nuclei of host cells and parasites were stained with DAPI. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g004_3862.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | IIGP1 Associates Directly with the PVM; the Morphology of the Vacuolar IIGP1 Accumulation Changes in a Time-Dependent Manner(A) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 6 h, fixed, and subjected to ultra-thin cryosectioning. Sections were labeled for IIGP1 using the 165 antiserum and 10 nm gold particles coupled to protein A. The right side is an enlarged view of the boxed region showing that the IIGP1 label was found in close proximity to the PVM (black arrowhead: PVM; white arrowhead: T. gondii plasma membrane; open arrowhead: T. gondii inner membrane complex; bars 200 nm and 100 nm [inset]).(B) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were fixed at the indicated times post-infection (MOI of 10) and 110–160 IIGP1-positive vacuoles were counted per time point. Shown is the percentage of smooth (white), rough (hatched), and disrupted vacuoles (black).(C) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii, fixed 2 h later, and stained for IIGP1 with the 10D7 monoclonal antibody (left) or the 165 antiserum (right). The images show maximum projections of 3D deconvoluted Z-series. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g004_3860.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | IIGP1 Associates Directly with the PVM; the Morphology of the Vacuolar IIGP1 Accumulation Changes in a Time-Dependent Manner(A) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 6 h, fixed, and subjected to ultra-thin cryosectioning. Sections were labeled for IIGP1 using the 165 antiserum and 10 nm gold particles coupled to protein A. The right side is an enlarged view of the boxed region showing that the IIGP1 label was found in close proximity to the PVM (black arrowhead: PVM; white arrowhead: T. gondii plasma membrane; open arrowhead: T. gondii inner membrane complex; bars 200 nm and 100 nm [inset]).(B) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were fixed at the indicated times post-infection (MOI of 10) and 110–160 IIGP1-positive vacuoles were counted per time point. Shown is the percentage of smooth (white), rough (hatched), and disrupted vacuoles (black).(C) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii, fixed 2 h later, and stained for IIGP1 with the 10D7 monoclonal antibody (left) or the 165 antiserum (right). The images show maximum projections of 3D deconvoluted Z-series. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.