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PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g004_3861.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | IIGP1 Associates Directly with the PVM; the Morphology of the Vacuolar IIGP1 Accumulation Changes in a Time-Dependent Manner(A) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii for 6 h, fixed, and subjected to ultra-thin cryosectioning. Sections were labeled for IIGP1 using the 165 antiserum and 10 nm gold particles coupled to protein A. The right side is an enlarged view of the boxed region showing that the IIGP1 label was found in close proximity to the PVM (black arrowhead: PVM; white arrowhead: T. gondii plasma membrane; open arrowhead: T. gondii inner membrane complex; bars 200 nm and 100 nm [inset]).(B) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were fixed at the indicated times post-infection (MOI of 10) and 110–160 IIGP1-positive vacuoles were counted per time point. Shown is the percentage of smooth (white), rough (hatched), and disrupted vacuoles (black).(C) IFN-γ-induced astrocytes were infected with T. gondii, fixed 2 h later, and stained for IIGP1 with the 10D7 monoclonal antibody (left) or the 165 antiserum (right). The images show maximum projections of 3D deconvoluted Z-series. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g008_3863.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Induction of Autophagosomes in Vicinity of Disrupted VacuolesAstrocytes were transfected with pEGFP-C3-LC3 and induced with IFN-γ. Cells were infected with T. gondi 24 h later and fixed after 2 h (A) or 6 h (B, C, and D). In cells containing only smooth IIGP1 vacuoles GFP-LC3 remained diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm (A). In cells containing disrupted IIGP1 PVs GFP-LC3 localizes to vesicular and filamentous structures that are in close proximity to, but do not engulf the IIGP1-positive PVs (B and C). The arrowheads point to IIGP1-positive PVs. The images shown in (A) were processed by 2D deconvolution. (D) Shows maximum projections of 3D deconvoluted Z-series. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g008_3867.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Induction of Autophagosomes in Vicinity of Disrupted VacuolesAstrocytes were transfected with pEGFP-C3-LC3 and induced with IFN-γ. Cells were infected with T. gondi 24 h later and fixed after 2 h (A) or 6 h (B, C, and D). In cells containing only smooth IIGP1 vacuoles GFP-LC3 remained diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm (A). In cells containing disrupted IIGP1 PVs GFP-LC3 localizes to vesicular and filamentous structures that are in close proximity to, but do not engulf the IIGP1-positive PVs (B and C). The arrowheads point to IIGP1-positive PVs. The images shown in (A) were processed by 2D deconvolution. (D) Shows maximum projections of 3D deconvoluted Z-series. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g008_3872.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Induction of Autophagosomes in Vicinity of Disrupted VacuolesAstrocytes were transfected with pEGFP-C3-LC3 and induced with IFN-γ. Cells were infected with T. gondi 24 h later and fixed after 2 h (A) or 6 h (B, C, and D). In cells containing only smooth IIGP1 vacuoles GFP-LC3 remained diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm (A). In cells containing disrupted IIGP1 PVs GFP-LC3 localizes to vesicular and filamentous structures that are in close proximity to, but do not engulf the IIGP1-positive PVs (B and C). The arrowheads point to IIGP1-positive PVs. The images shown in (A) were processed by 2D deconvolution. (D) Shows maximum projections of 3D deconvoluted Z-series. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g008_3865.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Induction of Autophagosomes in Vicinity of Disrupted VacuolesAstrocytes were transfected with pEGFP-C3-LC3 and induced with IFN-γ. Cells were infected with T. gondi 24 h later and fixed after 2 h (A) or 6 h (B, C, and D). In cells containing only smooth IIGP1 vacuoles GFP-LC3 remained diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm (A). In cells containing disrupted IIGP1 PVs GFP-LC3 localizes to vesicular and filamentous structures that are in close proximity to, but do not engulf the IIGP1-positive PVs (B and C). The arrowheads point to IIGP1-positive PVs. The images shown in (A) were processed by 2D deconvolution. (D) Shows maximum projections of 3D deconvoluted Z-series. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g008_3871.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Induction of Autophagosomes in Vicinity of Disrupted VacuolesAstrocytes were transfected with pEGFP-C3-LC3 and induced with IFN-γ. Cells were infected with T. gondi 24 h later and fixed after 2 h (A) or 6 h (B, C, and D). In cells containing only smooth IIGP1 vacuoles GFP-LC3 remained diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm (A). In cells containing disrupted IIGP1 PVs GFP-LC3 localizes to vesicular and filamentous structures that are in close proximity to, but do not engulf the IIGP1-positive PVs (B and C). The arrowheads point to IIGP1-positive PVs. The images shown in (A) were processed by 2D deconvolution. (D) Shows maximum projections of 3D deconvoluted Z-series. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g008_3870.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Induction of Autophagosomes in Vicinity of Disrupted VacuolesAstrocytes were transfected with pEGFP-C3-LC3 and induced with IFN-γ. Cells were infected with T. gondi 24 h later and fixed after 2 h (A) or 6 h (B, C, and D). In cells containing only smooth IIGP1 vacuoles GFP-LC3 remained diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm (A). In cells containing disrupted IIGP1 PVs GFP-LC3 localizes to vesicular and filamentous structures that are in close proximity to, but do not engulf the IIGP1-positive PVs (B and C). The arrowheads point to IIGP1-positive PVs. The images shown in (A) were processed by 2D deconvolution. (D) Shows maximum projections of 3D deconvoluted Z-series. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g008_3864.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Induction of Autophagosomes in Vicinity of Disrupted VacuolesAstrocytes were transfected with pEGFP-C3-LC3 and induced with IFN-γ. Cells were infected with T. gondi 24 h later and fixed after 2 h (A) or 6 h (B, C, and D). In cells containing only smooth IIGP1 vacuoles GFP-LC3 remained diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm (A). In cells containing disrupted IIGP1 PVs GFP-LC3 localizes to vesicular and filamentous structures that are in close proximity to, but do not engulf the IIGP1-positive PVs (B and C). The arrowheads point to IIGP1-positive PVs. The images shown in (A) were processed by 2D deconvolution. (D) Shows maximum projections of 3D deconvoluted Z-series. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g008_3874.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Induction of Autophagosomes in Vicinity of Disrupted VacuolesAstrocytes were transfected with pEGFP-C3-LC3 and induced with IFN-γ. Cells were infected with T. gondi 24 h later and fixed after 2 h (A) or 6 h (B, C, and D). In cells containing only smooth IIGP1 vacuoles GFP-LC3 remained diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm (A). In cells containing disrupted IIGP1 PVs GFP-LC3 localizes to vesicular and filamentous structures that are in close proximity to, but do not engulf the IIGP1-positive PVs (B and C). The arrowheads point to IIGP1-positive PVs. The images shown in (A) were processed by 2D deconvolution. (D) Shows maximum projections of 3D deconvoluted Z-series. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g008_3873.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Induction of Autophagosomes in Vicinity of Disrupted VacuolesAstrocytes were transfected with pEGFP-C3-LC3 and induced with IFN-γ. Cells were infected with T. gondi 24 h later and fixed after 2 h (A) or 6 h (B, C, and D). In cells containing only smooth IIGP1 vacuoles GFP-LC3 remained diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm (A). In cells containing disrupted IIGP1 PVs GFP-LC3 localizes to vesicular and filamentous structures that are in close proximity to, but do not engulf the IIGP1-positive PVs (B and C). The arrowheads point to IIGP1-positive PVs. The images shown in (A) were processed by 2D deconvolution. (D) Shows maximum projections of 3D deconvoluted Z-series. |
PMC1287907_ppat-0010024-g008_3866.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Induction of Autophagosomes in Vicinity of Disrupted VacuolesAstrocytes were transfected with pEGFP-C3-LC3 and induced with IFN-γ. Cells were infected with T. gondi 24 h later and fixed after 2 h (A) or 6 h (B, C, and D). In cells containing only smooth IIGP1 vacuoles GFP-LC3 remained diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm (A). In cells containing disrupted IIGP1 PVs GFP-LC3 localizes to vesicular and filamentous structures that are in close proximity to, but do not engulf the IIGP1-positive PVs (B and C). The arrowheads point to IIGP1-positive PVs. The images shown in (A) were processed by 2D deconvolution. (D) Shows maximum projections of 3D deconvoluted Z-series. |
PMC1287911_ppat-0010032-g004_3875.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? |
Salmonella Induces Expression of SPI-2 in the Lumen of the Ileum(A) Mouse ileal loops were infected with either wild-type or invA
− PsseA RIVET strains for 15 min before the loops were removed and homogenized, and the percent resolution was determined.(B) Mouse ileal loops were infected with wild-type Salmonella for 15 min before being removed, fixed, stained, and analyzed by confocal microscopy with an oil immersion 40× 1.3 N.A. objective. A representative image is displayed showing host cell nuclei in blue, actin in green, and Salmonella in red. |
PMC1289279_F1_3884.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | HSP60 positivity in carcinoma (arrow) but not in normal tissues (arrowhead) in specimens from both well differentiated (a) and poorly differentiated (b) tumours (Magnification: 10×). A higher magnification (40×) shows that the positivity is diffuse into cytoplasm of tumoral cells of both G1 (c) and G3 (d) specimens; few positive interstitial (inflammatory) cells were scattered in the interposed stroma. HSP10 is also diffusely expressed by tumoral cells of both G1 (e) and G3 (f) LBC (Magnification: 10×). A higher magnification (40×) of both G1 (g) and G3 (h) shows that the positivity is mainly localised in the cytoplasm of neoplastic elements. |
PMC1289279_F1_3885.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | HSP60 positivity in carcinoma (arrow) but not in normal tissues (arrowhead) in specimens from both well differentiated (a) and poorly differentiated (b) tumours (Magnification: 10×). A higher magnification (40×) shows that the positivity is diffuse into cytoplasm of tumoral cells of both G1 (c) and G3 (d) specimens; few positive interstitial (inflammatory) cells were scattered in the interposed stroma. HSP10 is also diffusely expressed by tumoral cells of both G1 (e) and G3 (f) LBC (Magnification: 10×). A higher magnification (40×) of both G1 (g) and G3 (h) shows that the positivity is mainly localised in the cytoplasm of neoplastic elements. |
PMC1289279_F1_3883.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | HSP60 positivity in carcinoma (arrow) but not in normal tissues (arrowhead) in specimens from both well differentiated (a) and poorly differentiated (b) tumours (Magnification: 10×). A higher magnification (40×) shows that the positivity is diffuse into cytoplasm of tumoral cells of both G1 (c) and G3 (d) specimens; few positive interstitial (inflammatory) cells were scattered in the interposed stroma. HSP10 is also diffusely expressed by tumoral cells of both G1 (e) and G3 (f) LBC (Magnification: 10×). A higher magnification (40×) of both G1 (g) and G3 (h) shows that the positivity is mainly localised in the cytoplasm of neoplastic elements. |
PMC1289279_F1_3888.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | HSP60 positivity in carcinoma (arrow) but not in normal tissues (arrowhead) in specimens from both well differentiated (a) and poorly differentiated (b) tumours (Magnification: 10×). A higher magnification (40×) shows that the positivity is diffuse into cytoplasm of tumoral cells of both G1 (c) and G3 (d) specimens; few positive interstitial (inflammatory) cells were scattered in the interposed stroma. HSP10 is also diffusely expressed by tumoral cells of both G1 (e) and G3 (f) LBC (Magnification: 10×). A higher magnification (40×) of both G1 (g) and G3 (h) shows that the positivity is mainly localised in the cytoplasm of neoplastic elements. |
PMC1289279_F3_3882.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Infiltrated lymph nodes from G1 (a) and G3 (b) LBC show tumoral glands positive for HSP60. Metastases also show glands positive for HSP10 in both G1 (c) and G3 (d) carcinomas (Magnification: 40×). HSP60 positivity shows vascular (e) and neural (f) invasion by cancer (Magnification: 10×). |
PMC1289279_F3_3879.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Infiltrated lymph nodes from G1 (a) and G3 (b) LBC show tumoral glands positive for HSP60. Metastases also show glands positive for HSP10 in both G1 (c) and G3 (d) carcinomas (Magnification: 40×). HSP60 positivity shows vascular (e) and neural (f) invasion by cancer (Magnification: 10×). |
PMC1289279_F3_3877.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Infiltrated lymph nodes from G1 (a) and G3 (b) LBC show tumoral glands positive for HSP60. Metastases also show glands positive for HSP10 in both G1 (c) and G3 (d) carcinomas (Magnification: 40×). HSP60 positivity shows vascular (e) and neural (f) invasion by cancer (Magnification: 10×). |
PMC1289279_F3_3880.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Infiltrated lymph nodes from G1 (a) and G3 (b) LBC show tumoral glands positive for HSP60. Metastases also show glands positive for HSP10 in both G1 (c) and G3 (d) carcinomas (Magnification: 40×). HSP60 positivity shows vascular (e) and neural (f) invasion by cancer (Magnification: 10×). |
PMC1289279_F3_3881.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Infiltrated lymph nodes from G1 (a) and G3 (b) LBC show tumoral glands positive for HSP60. Metastases also show glands positive for HSP10 in both G1 (c) and G3 (d) carcinomas (Magnification: 40×). HSP60 positivity shows vascular (e) and neural (f) invasion by cancer (Magnification: 10×). |
PMC1291371_F1_3912.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F1_3917.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F1_3918.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F1_3913.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F1_3916.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F1_3914.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F1_3910.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F1_3915.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F1_3907.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F1_3908.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F1_3909.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F1_3906.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F1_3905.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F1_3911.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F4_3896.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F4_3894.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F4_3902.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F4_3895.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F4_3891.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F4_3904.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F4_3890.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F4_3901.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F4_3897.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F4_3900.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification). |
PMC1291371_F4_3898.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification). |
PMC1291400_F3_3922.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Immunohistochemical and in situ localisation of ghrelin and GHSR-1a in sheep gonads. Photomicrographs of sheep ovarian and testicular sections. (A) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the stroma, primordial follicles (PF) and the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). (B) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in secondary follicles (SF) and granulosa cells (GC). (C) High magnification micrograph showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the corpus luteum (CL). (D) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the stroma, PF and OSE. (E) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the SF and GC. (F) High magnification micrograph showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the CL. (G) Testicular section of seminiferous tubules showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the Sertoli cells (SC), pre-spermatogonia (PS), round spermatids (RS) and in the interstitium (INT). (H) Testicular section of seminiferous tubules showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the SC, PS, RS and INT. (I) Autoradiograph of adult testis sections following in situ hybridisation to an antisense 35S-labelled riboprobe to GHSR-1a mRNA showing hybridisation mainly in the interstitial areas between the seminiferous tubules. The scale bars of A, B, D, E, I represent 50 μm, and for C, F, G, H they represent 150 μm The insert is the negative control (in situ sense control for I). |
PMC1291400_F3_3921.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Immunohistochemical and in situ localisation of ghrelin and GHSR-1a in sheep gonads. Photomicrographs of sheep ovarian and testicular sections. (A) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the stroma, primordial follicles (PF) and the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). (B) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in secondary follicles (SF) and granulosa cells (GC). (C) High magnification micrograph showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the corpus luteum (CL). (D) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the stroma, PF and OSE. (E) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the SF and GC. (F) High magnification micrograph showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the CL. (G) Testicular section of seminiferous tubules showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the Sertoli cells (SC), pre-spermatogonia (PS), round spermatids (RS) and in the interstitium (INT). (H) Testicular section of seminiferous tubules showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the SC, PS, RS and INT. (I) Autoradiograph of adult testis sections following in situ hybridisation to an antisense 35S-labelled riboprobe to GHSR-1a mRNA showing hybridisation mainly in the interstitial areas between the seminiferous tubules. The scale bars of A, B, D, E, I represent 50 μm, and for C, F, G, H they represent 150 μm The insert is the negative control (in situ sense control for I). |
PMC1291400_F3_3927.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Immunohistochemical and in situ localisation of ghrelin and GHSR-1a in sheep gonads. Photomicrographs of sheep ovarian and testicular sections. (A) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the stroma, primordial follicles (PF) and the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). (B) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in secondary follicles (SF) and granulosa cells (GC). (C) High magnification micrograph showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the corpus luteum (CL). (D) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the stroma, PF and OSE. (E) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the SF and GC. (F) High magnification micrograph showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the CL. (G) Testicular section of seminiferous tubules showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the Sertoli cells (SC), pre-spermatogonia (PS), round spermatids (RS) and in the interstitium (INT). (H) Testicular section of seminiferous tubules showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the SC, PS, RS and INT. (I) Autoradiograph of adult testis sections following in situ hybridisation to an antisense 35S-labelled riboprobe to GHSR-1a mRNA showing hybridisation mainly in the interstitial areas between the seminiferous tubules. The scale bars of A, B, D, E, I represent 50 μm, and for C, F, G, H they represent 150 μm The insert is the negative control (in situ sense control for I). |
PMC1291400_F3_3926.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Immunohistochemical and in situ localisation of ghrelin and GHSR-1a in sheep gonads. Photomicrographs of sheep ovarian and testicular sections. (A) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the stroma, primordial follicles (PF) and the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). (B) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in secondary follicles (SF) and granulosa cells (GC). (C) High magnification micrograph showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the corpus luteum (CL). (D) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the stroma, PF and OSE. (E) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the SF and GC. (F) High magnification micrograph showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the CL. (G) Testicular section of seminiferous tubules showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the Sertoli cells (SC), pre-spermatogonia (PS), round spermatids (RS) and in the interstitium (INT). (H) Testicular section of seminiferous tubules showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the SC, PS, RS and INT. (I) Autoradiograph of adult testis sections following in situ hybridisation to an antisense 35S-labelled riboprobe to GHSR-1a mRNA showing hybridisation mainly in the interstitial areas between the seminiferous tubules. The scale bars of A, B, D, E, I represent 50 μm, and for C, F, G, H they represent 150 μm The insert is the negative control (in situ sense control for I). |
PMC1291400_F3_3923.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Immunohistochemical and in situ localisation of ghrelin and GHSR-1a in sheep gonads. Photomicrographs of sheep ovarian and testicular sections. (A) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the stroma, primordial follicles (PF) and the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). (B) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in secondary follicles (SF) and granulosa cells (GC). (C) High magnification micrograph showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the corpus luteum (CL). (D) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the stroma, PF and OSE. (E) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the SF and GC. (F) High magnification micrograph showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the CL. (G) Testicular section of seminiferous tubules showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the Sertoli cells (SC), pre-spermatogonia (PS), round spermatids (RS) and in the interstitium (INT). (H) Testicular section of seminiferous tubules showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the SC, PS, RS and INT. (I) Autoradiograph of adult testis sections following in situ hybridisation to an antisense 35S-labelled riboprobe to GHSR-1a mRNA showing hybridisation mainly in the interstitial areas between the seminiferous tubules. The scale bars of A, B, D, E, I represent 50 μm, and for C, F, G, H they represent 150 μm The insert is the negative control (in situ sense control for I). |
PMC1291400_F3_3925.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Immunohistochemical and in situ localisation of ghrelin and GHSR-1a in sheep gonads. Photomicrographs of sheep ovarian and testicular sections. (A) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the stroma, primordial follicles (PF) and the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). (B) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in secondary follicles (SF) and granulosa cells (GC). (C) High magnification micrograph showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the corpus luteum (CL). (D) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the stroma, PF and OSE. (E) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the SF and GC. (F) High magnification micrograph showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the CL. (G) Testicular section of seminiferous tubules showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the Sertoli cells (SC), pre-spermatogonia (PS), round spermatids (RS) and in the interstitium (INT). (H) Testicular section of seminiferous tubules showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the SC, PS, RS and INT. (I) Autoradiograph of adult testis sections following in situ hybridisation to an antisense 35S-labelled riboprobe to GHSR-1a mRNA showing hybridisation mainly in the interstitial areas between the seminiferous tubules. The scale bars of A, B, D, E, I represent 50 μm, and for C, F, G, H they represent 150 μm The insert is the negative control (in situ sense control for I). |
PMC1291400_F3_3928.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Immunohistochemical and in situ localisation of ghrelin and GHSR-1a in sheep gonads. Photomicrographs of sheep ovarian and testicular sections. (A) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the stroma, primordial follicles (PF) and the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). (B) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in secondary follicles (SF) and granulosa cells (GC). (C) High magnification micrograph showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the corpus luteum (CL). (D) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the stroma, PF and OSE. (E) Ovarian section showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the SF and GC. (F) High magnification micrograph showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the CL. (G) Testicular section of seminiferous tubules showing positive immunostaining for ghrelin in the Sertoli cells (SC), pre-spermatogonia (PS), round spermatids (RS) and in the interstitium (INT). (H) Testicular section of seminiferous tubules showing positive immunostaining for GHSR-1a in the SC, PS, RS and INT. (I) Autoradiograph of adult testis sections following in situ hybridisation to an antisense 35S-labelled riboprobe to GHSR-1a mRNA showing hybridisation mainly in the interstitial areas between the seminiferous tubules. The scale bars of A, B, D, E, I represent 50 μm, and for C, F, G, H they represent 150 μm The insert is the negative control (in situ sense control for I). |
PMC1291404_F5_3930.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | In-vivo engraftment and viability controls. GFP signals were researched by confocal microscopy on lungs frozen sections. In a first step, GFP-labeled MSCs were directly injected in ex-vivo excised lungs in order to provide positive control (A, arrow) for confocal images interpretation whereas a non-injected freshly harvested lung served as negative control (B). Then, MSCs were directly injected in the right lower lobe of the lung in vivo and rats placed in normoxic or hypoxic conditions for three weeks. Frozen sections of lungs were observed after three weeks in confocal microscopy to provide in vivo positive engraftment and viability controls. Indeed, the injection site was visualized macroscopically (C, arrows) and GFP signals were seen centered on the injection injury (D, arrows). Bar = 50 μm, a indicates artery. |
PMC1291404_F5_3931.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | In-vivo engraftment and viability controls. GFP signals were researched by confocal microscopy on lungs frozen sections. In a first step, GFP-labeled MSCs were directly injected in ex-vivo excised lungs in order to provide positive control (A, arrow) for confocal images interpretation whereas a non-injected freshly harvested lung served as negative control (B). Then, MSCs were directly injected in the right lower lobe of the lung in vivo and rats placed in normoxic or hypoxic conditions for three weeks. Frozen sections of lungs were observed after three weeks in confocal microscopy to provide in vivo positive engraftment and viability controls. Indeed, the injection site was visualized macroscopically (C, arrows) and GFP signals were seen centered on the injection injury (D, arrows). Bar = 50 μm, a indicates artery. |
PMC1297562_F4_3933.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Immnunostaining for VEGF in synovial tissue in AIA rats. (a),(c), (e) AIA rats treated with deionized water and (b),(d) tetrathiomolybdate (TM). Immunohistochemical staining was performed with the Vecto Stain avidin–biotin peroxidase complex kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA). Synovial tissues sections were stained with (a)–(d) mouse anti-VEGF monoclonal IgG antibodies (1:200 dilution, in PBS; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz California, USA) and (e) a normal mouse IgG (1:200 dilution, in PBS). Positive immunostaining was indicated by brownish deposits. The counterstain was an aqueous solution of hematoxylin. (a), (b) Original magnification × 40; (c)–(e) original magnification × 400. AIA, adjuvant-induced arthritis; ET, endothelial cell; SL, synovial lining cell. |
PMC1297562_F4_3934.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Immnunostaining for VEGF in synovial tissue in AIA rats. (a),(c), (e) AIA rats treated with deionized water and (b),(d) tetrathiomolybdate (TM). Immunohistochemical staining was performed with the Vecto Stain avidin–biotin peroxidase complex kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA). Synovial tissues sections were stained with (a)–(d) mouse anti-VEGF monoclonal IgG antibodies (1:200 dilution, in PBS; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz California, USA) and (e) a normal mouse IgG (1:200 dilution, in PBS). Positive immunostaining was indicated by brownish deposits. The counterstain was an aqueous solution of hematoxylin. (a), (b) Original magnification × 40; (c)–(e) original magnification × 400. AIA, adjuvant-induced arthritis; ET, endothelial cell; SL, synovial lining cell. |
PMC1297562_F4_3936.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Immnunostaining for VEGF in synovial tissue in AIA rats. (a),(c), (e) AIA rats treated with deionized water and (b),(d) tetrathiomolybdate (TM). Immunohistochemical staining was performed with the Vecto Stain avidin–biotin peroxidase complex kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA). Synovial tissues sections were stained with (a)–(d) mouse anti-VEGF monoclonal IgG antibodies (1:200 dilution, in PBS; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz California, USA) and (e) a normal mouse IgG (1:200 dilution, in PBS). Positive immunostaining was indicated by brownish deposits. The counterstain was an aqueous solution of hematoxylin. (a), (b) Original magnification × 40; (c)–(e) original magnification × 400. AIA, adjuvant-induced arthritis; ET, endothelial cell; SL, synovial lining cell. |
PMC1297562_F4_3937.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Immnunostaining for VEGF in synovial tissue in AIA rats. (a),(c), (e) AIA rats treated with deionized water and (b),(d) tetrathiomolybdate (TM). Immunohistochemical staining was performed with the Vecto Stain avidin–biotin peroxidase complex kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA). Synovial tissues sections were stained with (a)–(d) mouse anti-VEGF monoclonal IgG antibodies (1:200 dilution, in PBS; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz California, USA) and (e) a normal mouse IgG (1:200 dilution, in PBS). Positive immunostaining was indicated by brownish deposits. The counterstain was an aqueous solution of hematoxylin. (a), (b) Original magnification × 40; (c)–(e) original magnification × 400. AIA, adjuvant-induced arthritis; ET, endothelial cell; SL, synovial lining cell. |
PMC1297562_F4_3935.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Immnunostaining for VEGF in synovial tissue in AIA rats. (a),(c), (e) AIA rats treated with deionized water and (b),(d) tetrathiomolybdate (TM). Immunohistochemical staining was performed with the Vecto Stain avidin–biotin peroxidase complex kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA). Synovial tissues sections were stained with (a)–(d) mouse anti-VEGF monoclonal IgG antibodies (1:200 dilution, in PBS; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz California, USA) and (e) a normal mouse IgG (1:200 dilution, in PBS). Positive immunostaining was indicated by brownish deposits. The counterstain was an aqueous solution of hematoxylin. (a), (b) Original magnification × 40; (c)–(e) original magnification × 400. AIA, adjuvant-induced arthritis; ET, endothelial cell; SL, synovial lining cell. |
PMC1297566_F3_3944.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Detection of apoptotic cells and Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) protein expression in grafted rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. The RA synovium in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice was harvested approximately two weeks after engraftment without or with three day treatment with 1011 particles of recombinant FasL adenovirus (Ad-FasL), LacZ adenovirus (Ad-LacZ), or PBS before it was collected. (a-c) Fas and FasL protein expression in RA synovium in vivo were examined using an immunohistochemistry staining system. (a) Fas protein is highly expressed on synoviocytes in RA synovium (original magnification 400×). (b) FasL protein is lacking in RA synoviocytes treated with Ad-LacZ (original magnification 400×); (c) but a significant increase in FasL protein expression in RA synoviocytes appears three days after Ad-FasL injection (original magnification 400×). (d-i) Apoptotic cells in RA synovium were examined using the ApopTag fluorescein in situ apoptosis detection kit (Intergen). The red propidium iodide counter-staining indicates the nucleus of all synovial cells in RA synovium. The green fluorescein stains the fragmented DNA in the nucleus. (d) Apoptotic cells in PBS treated RA synovium are almost undetectable (original magnification 200×). (e) A slightly increased apoptotic cell population was seen in Ad-LacZ treated RA synovium (original magnification 200×), (f) while around a 15-fold increased frequency of apoptotic cells in RA synovium was observed in Ad-FasL treated RA synovium (original magnification 200×; arrows point to TUNEL-positive cells). (g-i) The location of the fragmented DNA was observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope. (g) The nucleus of synovial cells in RA synovium was stained with propidium iodide (red; bar = 15 μm). (h) Fragmented DNA was stained with fluorescein (green; bar = 15 μm). (i) The localization of the fragmented DNA was determined by the overlap of the fluorescein staining and propidium iodide counter-staining (bar = 15 μm), which characterizes cell death. |
PMC1297566_F3_3938.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Detection of apoptotic cells and Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) protein expression in grafted rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. The RA synovium in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice was harvested approximately two weeks after engraftment without or with three day treatment with 1011 particles of recombinant FasL adenovirus (Ad-FasL), LacZ adenovirus (Ad-LacZ), or PBS before it was collected. (a-c) Fas and FasL protein expression in RA synovium in vivo were examined using an immunohistochemistry staining system. (a) Fas protein is highly expressed on synoviocytes in RA synovium (original magnification 400×). (b) FasL protein is lacking in RA synoviocytes treated with Ad-LacZ (original magnification 400×); (c) but a significant increase in FasL protein expression in RA synoviocytes appears three days after Ad-FasL injection (original magnification 400×). (d-i) Apoptotic cells in RA synovium were examined using the ApopTag fluorescein in situ apoptosis detection kit (Intergen). The red propidium iodide counter-staining indicates the nucleus of all synovial cells in RA synovium. The green fluorescein stains the fragmented DNA in the nucleus. (d) Apoptotic cells in PBS treated RA synovium are almost undetectable (original magnification 200×). (e) A slightly increased apoptotic cell population was seen in Ad-LacZ treated RA synovium (original magnification 200×), (f) while around a 15-fold increased frequency of apoptotic cells in RA synovium was observed in Ad-FasL treated RA synovium (original magnification 200×; arrows point to TUNEL-positive cells). (g-i) The location of the fragmented DNA was observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope. (g) The nucleus of synovial cells in RA synovium was stained with propidium iodide (red; bar = 15 μm). (h) Fragmented DNA was stained with fluorescein (green; bar = 15 μm). (i) The localization of the fragmented DNA was determined by the overlap of the fluorescein staining and propidium iodide counter-staining (bar = 15 μm), which characterizes cell death. |
PMC1297566_F3_3943.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Detection of apoptotic cells and Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) protein expression in grafted rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. The RA synovium in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice was harvested approximately two weeks after engraftment without or with three day treatment with 1011 particles of recombinant FasL adenovirus (Ad-FasL), LacZ adenovirus (Ad-LacZ), or PBS before it was collected. (a-c) Fas and FasL protein expression in RA synovium in vivo were examined using an immunohistochemistry staining system. (a) Fas protein is highly expressed on synoviocytes in RA synovium (original magnification 400×). (b) FasL protein is lacking in RA synoviocytes treated with Ad-LacZ (original magnification 400×); (c) but a significant increase in FasL protein expression in RA synoviocytes appears three days after Ad-FasL injection (original magnification 400×). (d-i) Apoptotic cells in RA synovium were examined using the ApopTag fluorescein in situ apoptosis detection kit (Intergen). The red propidium iodide counter-staining indicates the nucleus of all synovial cells in RA synovium. The green fluorescein stains the fragmented DNA in the nucleus. (d) Apoptotic cells in PBS treated RA synovium are almost undetectable (original magnification 200×). (e) A slightly increased apoptotic cell population was seen in Ad-LacZ treated RA synovium (original magnification 200×), (f) while around a 15-fold increased frequency of apoptotic cells in RA synovium was observed in Ad-FasL treated RA synovium (original magnification 200×; arrows point to TUNEL-positive cells). (g-i) The location of the fragmented DNA was observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope. (g) The nucleus of synovial cells in RA synovium was stained with propidium iodide (red; bar = 15 μm). (h) Fragmented DNA was stained with fluorescein (green; bar = 15 μm). (i) The localization of the fragmented DNA was determined by the overlap of the fluorescein staining and propidium iodide counter-staining (bar = 15 μm), which characterizes cell death. |
PMC1297566_F3_3940.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Detection of apoptotic cells and Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) protein expression in grafted rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. The RA synovium in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice was harvested approximately two weeks after engraftment without or with three day treatment with 1011 particles of recombinant FasL adenovirus (Ad-FasL), LacZ adenovirus (Ad-LacZ), or PBS before it was collected. (a-c) Fas and FasL protein expression in RA synovium in vivo were examined using an immunohistochemistry staining system. (a) Fas protein is highly expressed on synoviocytes in RA synovium (original magnification 400×). (b) FasL protein is lacking in RA synoviocytes treated with Ad-LacZ (original magnification 400×); (c) but a significant increase in FasL protein expression in RA synoviocytes appears three days after Ad-FasL injection (original magnification 400×). (d-i) Apoptotic cells in RA synovium were examined using the ApopTag fluorescein in situ apoptosis detection kit (Intergen). The red propidium iodide counter-staining indicates the nucleus of all synovial cells in RA synovium. The green fluorescein stains the fragmented DNA in the nucleus. (d) Apoptotic cells in PBS treated RA synovium are almost undetectable (original magnification 200×). (e) A slightly increased apoptotic cell population was seen in Ad-LacZ treated RA synovium (original magnification 200×), (f) while around a 15-fold increased frequency of apoptotic cells in RA synovium was observed in Ad-FasL treated RA synovium (original magnification 200×; arrows point to TUNEL-positive cells). (g-i) The location of the fragmented DNA was observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope. (g) The nucleus of synovial cells in RA synovium was stained with propidium iodide (red; bar = 15 μm). (h) Fragmented DNA was stained with fluorescein (green; bar = 15 μm). (i) The localization of the fragmented DNA was determined by the overlap of the fluorescein staining and propidium iodide counter-staining (bar = 15 μm), which characterizes cell death. |
PMC1297566_F5_3949.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Reduction of the size and cell density of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium in vivo by repeated Fas ligand (FasL) gene transfer. (a) RA synovium, 200 mg tissue per mouse, was grafted into the back of each severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse subcutaneously. Two weeks after engraftment, 1011 particles of recombinant FasL adenovirus (Ad-FasL) or Ad-LacZ adenovirus (Ad-LacZ) in 0.1 ml PBS were injected into the engrafted RA synovium in the SCID mice. Injections were repeated every two weeks for a total of five times. Three days after the fifth injection, the mice were euthanized and the RA synovium samples were collected, weighed, and examined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. (b) A comparative view of the size of the grafted RA synovium after two months of repeated treatment with control Ad-LacZ (tissue on the left side) and Ad-FasL (tissue on the right side). (c) H&E staining shows that both synoviocytes and mononuclear cells are greatly decreased in Ad-FasL treated RA synovium, in which a partial recovery of the normal features of synovium was observed (original magnification 200×); (d) but the Ad-LacZ treated RA synovium maintains the inflammatory infiltrates (original magnification 200×) |
PMC1297566_F5_3947.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Reduction of the size and cell density of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium in vivo by repeated Fas ligand (FasL) gene transfer. (a) RA synovium, 200 mg tissue per mouse, was grafted into the back of each severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse subcutaneously. Two weeks after engraftment, 1011 particles of recombinant FasL adenovirus (Ad-FasL) or Ad-LacZ adenovirus (Ad-LacZ) in 0.1 ml PBS were injected into the engrafted RA synovium in the SCID mice. Injections were repeated every two weeks for a total of five times. Three days after the fifth injection, the mice were euthanized and the RA synovium samples were collected, weighed, and examined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. (b) A comparative view of the size of the grafted RA synovium after two months of repeated treatment with control Ad-LacZ (tissue on the left side) and Ad-FasL (tissue on the right side). (c) H&E staining shows that both synoviocytes and mononuclear cells are greatly decreased in Ad-FasL treated RA synovium, in which a partial recovery of the normal features of synovium was observed (original magnification 200×); (d) but the Ad-LacZ treated RA synovium maintains the inflammatory infiltrates (original magnification 200×) |
PMC1297566_F5_3948.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Reduction of the size and cell density of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium in vivo by repeated Fas ligand (FasL) gene transfer. (a) RA synovium, 200 mg tissue per mouse, was grafted into the back of each severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse subcutaneously. Two weeks after engraftment, 1011 particles of recombinant FasL adenovirus (Ad-FasL) or Ad-LacZ adenovirus (Ad-LacZ) in 0.1 ml PBS were injected into the engrafted RA synovium in the SCID mice. Injections were repeated every two weeks for a total of five times. Three days after the fifth injection, the mice were euthanized and the RA synovium samples were collected, weighed, and examined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. (b) A comparative view of the size of the grafted RA synovium after two months of repeated treatment with control Ad-LacZ (tissue on the left side) and Ad-FasL (tissue on the right side). (c) H&E staining shows that both synoviocytes and mononuclear cells are greatly decreased in Ad-FasL treated RA synovium, in which a partial recovery of the normal features of synovium was observed (original magnification 200×); (d) but the Ad-LacZ treated RA synovium maintains the inflammatory infiltrates (original magnification 200×) |
PMC1297566_F5_3950.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Reduction of the size and cell density of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium in vivo by repeated Fas ligand (FasL) gene transfer. (a) RA synovium, 200 mg tissue per mouse, was grafted into the back of each severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse subcutaneously. Two weeks after engraftment, 1011 particles of recombinant FasL adenovirus (Ad-FasL) or Ad-LacZ adenovirus (Ad-LacZ) in 0.1 ml PBS were injected into the engrafted RA synovium in the SCID mice. Injections were repeated every two weeks for a total of five times. Three days after the fifth injection, the mice were euthanized and the RA synovium samples were collected, weighed, and examined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. (b) A comparative view of the size of the grafted RA synovium after two months of repeated treatment with control Ad-LacZ (tissue on the left side) and Ad-FasL (tissue on the right side). (c) H&E staining shows that both synoviocytes and mononuclear cells are greatly decreased in Ad-FasL treated RA synovium, in which a partial recovery of the normal features of synovium was observed (original magnification 200×); (d) but the Ad-LacZ treated RA synovium maintains the inflammatory infiltrates (original magnification 200×) |
PMC1297578_F2_3952.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Evidence of PDB in two affected subjects from F01 family. (a) Bone deformity of the right forearm of family member II-3. Relatives described him as having suffered from multiple bone deformities and pain. (b) X-ray scan of the right tibia of family member III-3, with a typical flame-shaped lytic wedge (arrow). |
PMC1297578_F2_3951.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Evidence of PDB in two affected subjects from F01 family. (a) Bone deformity of the right forearm of family member II-3. Relatives described him as having suffered from multiple bone deformities and pain. (b) X-ray scan of the right tibia of family member III-3, with a typical flame-shaped lytic wedge (arrow). |
PMC1297579_F2_3958.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Clinical and histological evaluation of arthritis. Clinical and histological evaluation demonstrates that arthritis induced with 200 μg glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) leads to chronic destructive arthritis in mice on the C3H background. (a) Healthy C3H.Q hind foot. (b) A C3H.Q hind foot 90 days after disease induction. The digits are still red and swollen. After day 90 paws were fixated and decalcified for paraffin sectioning. Histopathology demonstrates the destructive character of the GPI-induced arthritis in C3H in comparison with DBA/1 mice. Both mice achieved clinical scores in their hind feet of 15. The C3H mouse developed (e) an irreversible destruction of their joints through invasive pannus tissue accompanied by new bone formation, (j) destroying the whole architecture of the ankle, whereas DBA/1 mice have relatively intact joints, apart from (d) smaller erosions (arrows) and (i) hyperplasia. (c,h) Healthy control joints. The severity of the disease on the C3H background is also indicated by (g) the destruction of intervertebral structures such as the annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus and the vertebra themselves by inflammatory cells (arrow). (f) Healthy control tail. Staining with haematoxylin and erythrosine; original magnification 25× and 100×. af, annulus fibrosus; np, nucleus pulposus; o, osteophytes; pa, pannus; sy, synovial membrane; ta, talus; ti, tibia. |
PMC1297579_F2_3959.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Clinical and histological evaluation of arthritis. Clinical and histological evaluation demonstrates that arthritis induced with 200 μg glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) leads to chronic destructive arthritis in mice on the C3H background. (a) Healthy C3H.Q hind foot. (b) A C3H.Q hind foot 90 days after disease induction. The digits are still red and swollen. After day 90 paws were fixated and decalcified for paraffin sectioning. Histopathology demonstrates the destructive character of the GPI-induced arthritis in C3H in comparison with DBA/1 mice. Both mice achieved clinical scores in their hind feet of 15. The C3H mouse developed (e) an irreversible destruction of their joints through invasive pannus tissue accompanied by new bone formation, (j) destroying the whole architecture of the ankle, whereas DBA/1 mice have relatively intact joints, apart from (d) smaller erosions (arrows) and (i) hyperplasia. (c,h) Healthy control joints. The severity of the disease on the C3H background is also indicated by (g) the destruction of intervertebral structures such as the annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus and the vertebra themselves by inflammatory cells (arrow). (f) Healthy control tail. Staining with haematoxylin and erythrosine; original magnification 25× and 100×. af, annulus fibrosus; np, nucleus pulposus; o, osteophytes; pa, pannus; sy, synovial membrane; ta, talus; ti, tibia. |
PMC1297579_F2_3960.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Clinical and histological evaluation of arthritis. Clinical and histological evaluation demonstrates that arthritis induced with 200 μg glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) leads to chronic destructive arthritis in mice on the C3H background. (a) Healthy C3H.Q hind foot. (b) A C3H.Q hind foot 90 days after disease induction. The digits are still red and swollen. After day 90 paws were fixated and decalcified for paraffin sectioning. Histopathology demonstrates the destructive character of the GPI-induced arthritis in C3H in comparison with DBA/1 mice. Both mice achieved clinical scores in their hind feet of 15. The C3H mouse developed (e) an irreversible destruction of their joints through invasive pannus tissue accompanied by new bone formation, (j) destroying the whole architecture of the ankle, whereas DBA/1 mice have relatively intact joints, apart from (d) smaller erosions (arrows) and (i) hyperplasia. (c,h) Healthy control joints. The severity of the disease on the C3H background is also indicated by (g) the destruction of intervertebral structures such as the annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus and the vertebra themselves by inflammatory cells (arrow). (f) Healthy control tail. Staining with haematoxylin and erythrosine; original magnification 25× and 100×. af, annulus fibrosus; np, nucleus pulposus; o, osteophytes; pa, pannus; sy, synovial membrane; ta, talus; ti, tibia. |
PMC1297579_F2_3957.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Clinical and histological evaluation of arthritis. Clinical and histological evaluation demonstrates that arthritis induced with 200 μg glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) leads to chronic destructive arthritis in mice on the C3H background. (a) Healthy C3H.Q hind foot. (b) A C3H.Q hind foot 90 days after disease induction. The digits are still red and swollen. After day 90 paws were fixated and decalcified for paraffin sectioning. Histopathology demonstrates the destructive character of the GPI-induced arthritis in C3H in comparison with DBA/1 mice. Both mice achieved clinical scores in their hind feet of 15. The C3H mouse developed (e) an irreversible destruction of their joints through invasive pannus tissue accompanied by new bone formation, (j) destroying the whole architecture of the ankle, whereas DBA/1 mice have relatively intact joints, apart from (d) smaller erosions (arrows) and (i) hyperplasia. (c,h) Healthy control joints. The severity of the disease on the C3H background is also indicated by (g) the destruction of intervertebral structures such as the annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus and the vertebra themselves by inflammatory cells (arrow). (f) Healthy control tail. Staining with haematoxylin and erythrosine; original magnification 25× and 100×. af, annulus fibrosus; np, nucleus pulposus; o, osteophytes; pa, pannus; sy, synovial membrane; ta, talus; ti, tibia. |
PMC1297579_F2_3954.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Clinical and histological evaluation of arthritis. Clinical and histological evaluation demonstrates that arthritis induced with 200 μg glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) leads to chronic destructive arthritis in mice on the C3H background. (a) Healthy C3H.Q hind foot. (b) A C3H.Q hind foot 90 days after disease induction. The digits are still red and swollen. After day 90 paws were fixated and decalcified for paraffin sectioning. Histopathology demonstrates the destructive character of the GPI-induced arthritis in C3H in comparison with DBA/1 mice. Both mice achieved clinical scores in their hind feet of 15. The C3H mouse developed (e) an irreversible destruction of their joints through invasive pannus tissue accompanied by new bone formation, (j) destroying the whole architecture of the ankle, whereas DBA/1 mice have relatively intact joints, apart from (d) smaller erosions (arrows) and (i) hyperplasia. (c,h) Healthy control joints. The severity of the disease on the C3H background is also indicated by (g) the destruction of intervertebral structures such as the annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus and the vertebra themselves by inflammatory cells (arrow). (f) Healthy control tail. Staining with haematoxylin and erythrosine; original magnification 25× and 100×. af, annulus fibrosus; np, nucleus pulposus; o, osteophytes; pa, pannus; sy, synovial membrane; ta, talus; ti, tibia. |
PMC1297579_F2_3953.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Clinical and histological evaluation of arthritis. Clinical and histological evaluation demonstrates that arthritis induced with 200 μg glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) leads to chronic destructive arthritis in mice on the C3H background. (a) Healthy C3H.Q hind foot. (b) A C3H.Q hind foot 90 days after disease induction. The digits are still red and swollen. After day 90 paws were fixated and decalcified for paraffin sectioning. Histopathology demonstrates the destructive character of the GPI-induced arthritis in C3H in comparison with DBA/1 mice. Both mice achieved clinical scores in their hind feet of 15. The C3H mouse developed (e) an irreversible destruction of their joints through invasive pannus tissue accompanied by new bone formation, (j) destroying the whole architecture of the ankle, whereas DBA/1 mice have relatively intact joints, apart from (d) smaller erosions (arrows) and (i) hyperplasia. (c,h) Healthy control joints. The severity of the disease on the C3H background is also indicated by (g) the destruction of intervertebral structures such as the annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus and the vertebra themselves by inflammatory cells (arrow). (f) Healthy control tail. Staining with haematoxylin and erythrosine; original magnification 25× and 100×. af, annulus fibrosus; np, nucleus pulposus; o, osteophytes; pa, pannus; sy, synovial membrane; ta, talus; ti, tibia. |
PMC1297584_F2_3963.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Effect of DHMEQ on radiographic findings in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. (a) A representative radiograph of the left metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints of a mouse treated with dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), which shows small bone erosions, and (b) that of a control mouse, which shows remarkable soft tissue swelling and large bone erosions. (c) Soft tissue swelling and (d) bone erosions of bilateral second, third and fourth MTP joints observed in the radiographs were scored as described in the Materials and methods section. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of the total scores of 10 mice in each group, determined by five independent observers. |
PMC1297593_F5_3966.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Localisation of α-enolase in synovial membranes. Immunohistochemistry of biopsy sections from patients with osteoarthritis (a) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (b) with the goat anti-α-enolase antibody showing expression of α-enolase (stained brown) in cells in the subsynovium of the patient with RA and in endothelial cells in the patient with osteoarthritis. Cell nuclei are counterstained blue. |
PMC1297611_F2_3976.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Representative CT scan of one animal at three different levels (apical, middle, basal). (a) Expiratory occlusion (10 cmH2O) before and after the recruitment maneuver. Lung volumes in this animal changed as follows: VHYP +1%, VNORM +15%, VPOOR +17%, VNON -30%, VGAS +11%. (b) Inspiratory occlusion at plateau pressure before and after the recruitment maneuver. Lung volumes in this animal changed as follows: VHYP +6%, VNORM +17%, VPOOR +26%, VNON -29%, VGAS +17%. VGAS, intrathoracic gas volume; VHYP, volume of hyperinflated lung parenchyma; VNON, volume of nonaerated lung parenchyma; VNORM, volume of normally aerated lung parenchyma; VPOOR, volume of poorly aerated lung parenchyma. |
PMC1297611_F2_3975.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Representative CT scan of one animal at three different levels (apical, middle, basal). (a) Expiratory occlusion (10 cmH2O) before and after the recruitment maneuver. Lung volumes in this animal changed as follows: VHYP +1%, VNORM +15%, VPOOR +17%, VNON -30%, VGAS +11%. (b) Inspiratory occlusion at plateau pressure before and after the recruitment maneuver. Lung volumes in this animal changed as follows: VHYP +6%, VNORM +17%, VPOOR +26%, VNON -29%, VGAS +17%. VGAS, intrathoracic gas volume; VHYP, volume of hyperinflated lung parenchyma; VNON, volume of nonaerated lung parenchyma; VNORM, volume of normally aerated lung parenchyma; VPOOR, volume of poorly aerated lung parenchyma. |
PMC1297611_F2_3977.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Representative CT scan of one animal at three different levels (apical, middle, basal). (a) Expiratory occlusion (10 cmH2O) before and after the recruitment maneuver. Lung volumes in this animal changed as follows: VHYP +1%, VNORM +15%, VPOOR +17%, VNON -30%, VGAS +11%. (b) Inspiratory occlusion at plateau pressure before and after the recruitment maneuver. Lung volumes in this animal changed as follows: VHYP +6%, VNORM +17%, VPOOR +26%, VNON -29%, VGAS +17%. VGAS, intrathoracic gas volume; VHYP, volume of hyperinflated lung parenchyma; VNON, volume of nonaerated lung parenchyma; VNORM, volume of normally aerated lung parenchyma; VPOOR, volume of poorly aerated lung parenchyma. |
PMC1297611_F2_3974.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Representative CT scan of one animal at three different levels (apical, middle, basal). (a) Expiratory occlusion (10 cmH2O) before and after the recruitment maneuver. Lung volumes in this animal changed as follows: VHYP +1%, VNORM +15%, VPOOR +17%, VNON -30%, VGAS +11%. (b) Inspiratory occlusion at plateau pressure before and after the recruitment maneuver. Lung volumes in this animal changed as follows: VHYP +6%, VNORM +17%, VPOOR +26%, VNON -29%, VGAS +17%. VGAS, intrathoracic gas volume; VHYP, volume of hyperinflated lung parenchyma; VNON, volume of nonaerated lung parenchyma; VNORM, volume of normally aerated lung parenchyma; VPOOR, volume of poorly aerated lung parenchyma. |
PMC1297611_F3_3968.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Distribution of differently aerated lung volumes. Individual curves for eight animals before (solid line) and after (dashed line) a recruitment maneuver. Multi-slice CT of the whole lung with characterization of lung parenchyma according to Hounsfield units at end-expiration. VHYP, volume of hyperinflated lung parenchyma; VNON, volume of nonaerated lung parenchyma; VNORM, volume of normally aerated lung parenchyma; VPOOR, volume of poorly aerated lung parenchyma. |
PMC1298306_F1_3979.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | SDF-1 Western blot. Recombinant murine SDF-1α (25 or 100 ng per lane) was run on a one-D gel, transferred to PVDF membrane and probed with the SDF-1 antibody used in the immunohistochemical assays. The western blot demonstrates that the SDF-1 antibody recognizes murine SDF-1α. |
PMC1298306_F3_3985.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Constitutive SDF-1 protein expression at P8. The left column shows SDF-1 antibody staining of P8 mouse brain (Cy3 – red). The middle column shows the corresponding nuclear labelling (bis-benzimide – blue) of the same sections. The right hand column shows the merged images. Panels A-C show the distribution of constitutive SDF-1 expression at low power. The arrows denote diffuse labelling over the neocortex. Panels C-E demonstrate the hippocampal SDF-1 expression pattern. Panels G-I show a high magnification of the hippocampal fissure down through the upper blade of the dentate gyrus granular cell layer. The arrowheads point out SDF-1 positive blood vessels. Abbreviations: ca – cornus ammons (CA1, 2, 3), cp – choroid plexus, dhc – dorsal hippocampal commissure, ec – external capsule, fi – fimbria hippocampus, fmj – forceps major corpus callosum, GrDG – granular layer dentate gyrus, hif – hippocampal fissure, LMol – lacunosum moleculare layer hippocampus, Mol – molecular layer dentate gyrus, Or – oriens layer, PoDG – polymorph layer dentate gyrus, Rad – stratum radiatum. All Scale bars equal 200 μm. |
PMC1298306_F3_3983.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Constitutive SDF-1 protein expression at P8. The left column shows SDF-1 antibody staining of P8 mouse brain (Cy3 – red). The middle column shows the corresponding nuclear labelling (bis-benzimide – blue) of the same sections. The right hand column shows the merged images. Panels A-C show the distribution of constitutive SDF-1 expression at low power. The arrows denote diffuse labelling over the neocortex. Panels C-E demonstrate the hippocampal SDF-1 expression pattern. Panels G-I show a high magnification of the hippocampal fissure down through the upper blade of the dentate gyrus granular cell layer. The arrowheads point out SDF-1 positive blood vessels. Abbreviations: ca – cornus ammons (CA1, 2, 3), cp – choroid plexus, dhc – dorsal hippocampal commissure, ec – external capsule, fi – fimbria hippocampus, fmj – forceps major corpus callosum, GrDG – granular layer dentate gyrus, hif – hippocampal fissure, LMol – lacunosum moleculare layer hippocampus, Mol – molecular layer dentate gyrus, Or – oriens layer, PoDG – polymorph layer dentate gyrus, Rad – stratum radiatum. All Scale bars equal 200 μm. |
PMC1298306_F3_3989.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Constitutive SDF-1 protein expression at P8. The left column shows SDF-1 antibody staining of P8 mouse brain (Cy3 – red). The middle column shows the corresponding nuclear labelling (bis-benzimide – blue) of the same sections. The right hand column shows the merged images. Panels A-C show the distribution of constitutive SDF-1 expression at low power. The arrows denote diffuse labelling over the neocortex. Panels C-E demonstrate the hippocampal SDF-1 expression pattern. Panels G-I show a high magnification of the hippocampal fissure down through the upper blade of the dentate gyrus granular cell layer. The arrowheads point out SDF-1 positive blood vessels. Abbreviations: ca – cornus ammons (CA1, 2, 3), cp – choroid plexus, dhc – dorsal hippocampal commissure, ec – external capsule, fi – fimbria hippocampus, fmj – forceps major corpus callosum, GrDG – granular layer dentate gyrus, hif – hippocampal fissure, LMol – lacunosum moleculare layer hippocampus, Mol – molecular layer dentate gyrus, Or – oriens layer, PoDG – polymorph layer dentate gyrus, Rad – stratum radiatum. All Scale bars equal 200 μm. |
PMC1298306_F3_3982.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Constitutive SDF-1 protein expression at P8. The left column shows SDF-1 antibody staining of P8 mouse brain (Cy3 – red). The middle column shows the corresponding nuclear labelling (bis-benzimide – blue) of the same sections. The right hand column shows the merged images. Panels A-C show the distribution of constitutive SDF-1 expression at low power. The arrows denote diffuse labelling over the neocortex. Panels C-E demonstrate the hippocampal SDF-1 expression pattern. Panels G-I show a high magnification of the hippocampal fissure down through the upper blade of the dentate gyrus granular cell layer. The arrowheads point out SDF-1 positive blood vessels. Abbreviations: ca – cornus ammons (CA1, 2, 3), cp – choroid plexus, dhc – dorsal hippocampal commissure, ec – external capsule, fi – fimbria hippocampus, fmj – forceps major corpus callosum, GrDG – granular layer dentate gyrus, hif – hippocampal fissure, LMol – lacunosum moleculare layer hippocampus, Mol – molecular layer dentate gyrus, Or – oriens layer, PoDG – polymorph layer dentate gyrus, Rad – stratum radiatum. All Scale bars equal 200 μm. |
PMC1298306_F3_3986.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Constitutive SDF-1 protein expression at P8. The left column shows SDF-1 antibody staining of P8 mouse brain (Cy3 – red). The middle column shows the corresponding nuclear labelling (bis-benzimide – blue) of the same sections. The right hand column shows the merged images. Panels A-C show the distribution of constitutive SDF-1 expression at low power. The arrows denote diffuse labelling over the neocortex. Panels C-E demonstrate the hippocampal SDF-1 expression pattern. Panels G-I show a high magnification of the hippocampal fissure down through the upper blade of the dentate gyrus granular cell layer. The arrowheads point out SDF-1 positive blood vessels. Abbreviations: ca – cornus ammons (CA1, 2, 3), cp – choroid plexus, dhc – dorsal hippocampal commissure, ec – external capsule, fi – fimbria hippocampus, fmj – forceps major corpus callosum, GrDG – granular layer dentate gyrus, hif – hippocampal fissure, LMol – lacunosum moleculare layer hippocampus, Mol – molecular layer dentate gyrus, Or – oriens layer, PoDG – polymorph layer dentate gyrus, Rad – stratum radiatum. All Scale bars equal 200 μm. |
PMC1298306_F3_3988.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Constitutive SDF-1 protein expression at P8. The left column shows SDF-1 antibody staining of P8 mouse brain (Cy3 – red). The middle column shows the corresponding nuclear labelling (bis-benzimide – blue) of the same sections. The right hand column shows the merged images. Panels A-C show the distribution of constitutive SDF-1 expression at low power. The arrows denote diffuse labelling over the neocortex. Panels C-E demonstrate the hippocampal SDF-1 expression pattern. Panels G-I show a high magnification of the hippocampal fissure down through the upper blade of the dentate gyrus granular cell layer. The arrowheads point out SDF-1 positive blood vessels. Abbreviations: ca – cornus ammons (CA1, 2, 3), cp – choroid plexus, dhc – dorsal hippocampal commissure, ec – external capsule, fi – fimbria hippocampus, fmj – forceps major corpus callosum, GrDG – granular layer dentate gyrus, hif – hippocampal fissure, LMol – lacunosum moleculare layer hippocampus, Mol – molecular layer dentate gyrus, Or – oriens layer, PoDG – polymorph layer dentate gyrus, Rad – stratum radiatum. All Scale bars equal 200 μm. |
PMC1298306_F9_3990.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Astrocyte Expression of SDF-1. GFAP and SDF-1 dual labeling is demonstrated by confocal microscopy in P10 mice, three days post-HI. Panels A-C, from the striatum, show perivascular (arrowheads) astrocyte (GFAP – green) expression of SDF-1 (red). Panels D-F, from the hippocampus, show (arrowhead) similar co-labeling of GFAP (green) astrocyte cell bodies and processes for SDF-1 (red). Panels C and F show GFAP and SDF-1 co-labeling in merged orthogonal views of confocal z stacks. GFAP staining is shown in green and SDF-1 staining in Red. Panels A, B, D, and E are single z plane field images captured with a 63× objective. Scale bar equals 50 μm. |
PMC1298306_F9_3994.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Astrocyte Expression of SDF-1. GFAP and SDF-1 dual labeling is demonstrated by confocal microscopy in P10 mice, three days post-HI. Panels A-C, from the striatum, show perivascular (arrowheads) astrocyte (GFAP – green) expression of SDF-1 (red). Panels D-F, from the hippocampus, show (arrowhead) similar co-labeling of GFAP (green) astrocyte cell bodies and processes for SDF-1 (red). Panels C and F show GFAP and SDF-1 co-labeling in merged orthogonal views of confocal z stacks. GFAP staining is shown in green and SDF-1 staining in Red. Panels A, B, D, and E are single z plane field images captured with a 63× objective. Scale bar equals 50 μm. |
PMC1298306_F9_3995.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Astrocyte Expression of SDF-1. GFAP and SDF-1 dual labeling is demonstrated by confocal microscopy in P10 mice, three days post-HI. Panels A-C, from the striatum, show perivascular (arrowheads) astrocyte (GFAP – green) expression of SDF-1 (red). Panels D-F, from the hippocampus, show (arrowhead) similar co-labeling of GFAP (green) astrocyte cell bodies and processes for SDF-1 (red). Panels C and F show GFAP and SDF-1 co-labeling in merged orthogonal views of confocal z stacks. GFAP staining is shown in green and SDF-1 staining in Red. Panels A, B, D, and E are single z plane field images captured with a 63× objective. Scale bar equals 50 μm. |
PMC1298306_F9_3991.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Astrocyte Expression of SDF-1. GFAP and SDF-1 dual labeling is demonstrated by confocal microscopy in P10 mice, three days post-HI. Panels A-C, from the striatum, show perivascular (arrowheads) astrocyte (GFAP – green) expression of SDF-1 (red). Panels D-F, from the hippocampus, show (arrowhead) similar co-labeling of GFAP (green) astrocyte cell bodies and processes for SDF-1 (red). Panels C and F show GFAP and SDF-1 co-labeling in merged orthogonal views of confocal z stacks. GFAP staining is shown in green and SDF-1 staining in Red. Panels A, B, D, and E are single z plane field images captured with a 63× objective. Scale bar equals 50 μm. |
PMC1298306_F9_3992.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Astrocyte Expression of SDF-1. GFAP and SDF-1 dual labeling is demonstrated by confocal microscopy in P10 mice, three days post-HI. Panels A-C, from the striatum, show perivascular (arrowheads) astrocyte (GFAP – green) expression of SDF-1 (red). Panels D-F, from the hippocampus, show (arrowhead) similar co-labeling of GFAP (green) astrocyte cell bodies and processes for SDF-1 (red). Panels C and F show GFAP and SDF-1 co-labeling in merged orthogonal views of confocal z stacks. GFAP staining is shown in green and SDF-1 staining in Red. Panels A, B, D, and E are single z plane field images captured with a 63× objective. Scale bar equals 50 μm. |
PMC1298314_F2_3996.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Overexpressed aurora B is incorporated into the nucleus after cell division. An NRK cell overexpressing aurora B-GFP was monitored by time-lapse microscopic imaging. Phase-contrast (a-c) and corresponding fluorescence images (a'-c') showed the dynamics of overexpressed aurora B-GFP during cytokinesis. Majority of aurora B is associated with the spindle midzone (a'-c', arrowheads) during cytokinesis. When the nuclear envelops started forming in daughter cells, a cytoplasmic fraction of overexpressed aurora B was incorporated into the nuclei (b' and c', arrows). Bar, 10 μm |
PMC1298314_F2_4000.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Overexpressed aurora B is incorporated into the nucleus after cell division. An NRK cell overexpressing aurora B-GFP was monitored by time-lapse microscopic imaging. Phase-contrast (a-c) and corresponding fluorescence images (a'-c') showed the dynamics of overexpressed aurora B-GFP during cytokinesis. Majority of aurora B is associated with the spindle midzone (a'-c', arrowheads) during cytokinesis. When the nuclear envelops started forming in daughter cells, a cytoplasmic fraction of overexpressed aurora B was incorporated into the nuclei (b' and c', arrows). Bar, 10 μm |
PMC1298314_F2_4001.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Overexpressed aurora B is incorporated into the nucleus after cell division. An NRK cell overexpressing aurora B-GFP was monitored by time-lapse microscopic imaging. Phase-contrast (a-c) and corresponding fluorescence images (a'-c') showed the dynamics of overexpressed aurora B-GFP during cytokinesis. Majority of aurora B is associated with the spindle midzone (a'-c', arrowheads) during cytokinesis. When the nuclear envelops started forming in daughter cells, a cytoplasmic fraction of overexpressed aurora B was incorporated into the nuclei (b' and c', arrows). Bar, 10 μm |
PMC1298314_F2_3997.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Overexpressed aurora B is incorporated into the nucleus after cell division. An NRK cell overexpressing aurora B-GFP was monitored by time-lapse microscopic imaging. Phase-contrast (a-c) and corresponding fluorescence images (a'-c') showed the dynamics of overexpressed aurora B-GFP during cytokinesis. Majority of aurora B is associated with the spindle midzone (a'-c', arrowheads) during cytokinesis. When the nuclear envelops started forming in daughter cells, a cytoplasmic fraction of overexpressed aurora B was incorporated into the nuclei (b' and c', arrows). Bar, 10 μm |
PMC1298314_F3_4002.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Overexpression of aurora B kinase does not phosphorylate histone H3 in interphase NRK cells. NRK cells overexpressing aurora B-GFP was stained with antibodies that specifically recognised histone H3 phosphorylated at Ser10 and then examined the expression of aurora B-GFP (a) and phosphorylation of histone H3 (c) by confocal laser microscopy. Corresponding phase and merged images (green; aurora B-GFP, red; phosphorylated histone H3) are shown in panels b and d, respectively. Although a fraction of aurora B-GFP is accumulated in the nucleus in a late telophase cell overexpressing aurora B-GFP, (arrows), phosphorylated histone H3 was not detected in the cell (c, d). Phosphorylated histone H3 was observed in a neighbouring prophase cell (arrowheads). Bar, 10 μm. |
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