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PMC1386689_F3_4690.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Immunohistochemistry of Sp17 in nervous system neoplasms: a-c. glioblastomas; d. astrocytoma; e. meningioma; f. ependimoma. In all cases, Sp 17 was localised in the cytoplasm of a few isolated and scattered tumoral cells. (a-d, 40× original magnification, 100× insets; e-f, 100× original magnification). |
PMC1386691_F1_4697.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Macroscopic, microscopic and immune histological appearance of an oral lichen planus and a subsequently arising squamous cell carcinoma. Macroscopic (A) and microscopic (B) picture of the squamous cells carcinoma. p53 expression (C to E, single positive cells are indicated by arrows), Erk 1/2 phosphorylation (F to H, increased expression is indicated by closed triangles) and Bax expression (I to K, reduced expression is indicated by open triangles) in mucosa before (C, F, I) and after (D, G, J) tacrolimus treatment, as well as in the arising squamous cell carcinoma (E, H, K); magnification: A 5×, C to K 20×. All lesions were obtained by surgical excision, fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Five μm sections of tumor lesions were fixed in acetone and air dried for 30 min. Slides were incubated for 30 min with the indicated specific primary antibodies (anti-p53 [clone D07] and anti-Bax [polyclonal], DAKO, Hamburg, Germany; anti-pErk 1/2 [clone E10], Cell Signalling, BioLabs New England, Frankfurt, Germany) at predetermined dilutions ranging from 1:200 to 1:800. |
PMC1386691_F1_4696.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Macroscopic, microscopic and immune histological appearance of an oral lichen planus and a subsequently arising squamous cell carcinoma. Macroscopic (A) and microscopic (B) picture of the squamous cells carcinoma. p53 expression (C to E, single positive cells are indicated by arrows), Erk 1/2 phosphorylation (F to H, increased expression is indicated by closed triangles) and Bax expression (I to K, reduced expression is indicated by open triangles) in mucosa before (C, F, I) and after (D, G, J) tacrolimus treatment, as well as in the arising squamous cell carcinoma (E, H, K); magnification: A 5×, C to K 20×. All lesions were obtained by surgical excision, fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Five μm sections of tumor lesions were fixed in acetone and air dried for 30 min. Slides were incubated for 30 min with the indicated specific primary antibodies (anti-p53 [clone D07] and anti-Bax [polyclonal], DAKO, Hamburg, Germany; anti-pErk 1/2 [clone E10], Cell Signalling, BioLabs New England, Frankfurt, Germany) at predetermined dilutions ranging from 1:200 to 1:800. |
PMC1386691_F1_4701.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Macroscopic, microscopic and immune histological appearance of an oral lichen planus and a subsequently arising squamous cell carcinoma. Macroscopic (A) and microscopic (B) picture of the squamous cells carcinoma. p53 expression (C to E, single positive cells are indicated by arrows), Erk 1/2 phosphorylation (F to H, increased expression is indicated by closed triangles) and Bax expression (I to K, reduced expression is indicated by open triangles) in mucosa before (C, F, I) and after (D, G, J) tacrolimus treatment, as well as in the arising squamous cell carcinoma (E, H, K); magnification: A 5×, C to K 20×. All lesions were obtained by surgical excision, fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Five μm sections of tumor lesions were fixed in acetone and air dried for 30 min. Slides were incubated for 30 min with the indicated specific primary antibodies (anti-p53 [clone D07] and anti-Bax [polyclonal], DAKO, Hamburg, Germany; anti-pErk 1/2 [clone E10], Cell Signalling, BioLabs New England, Frankfurt, Germany) at predetermined dilutions ranging from 1:200 to 1:800. |
PMC1386691_F1_4705.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Macroscopic, microscopic and immune histological appearance of an oral lichen planus and a subsequently arising squamous cell carcinoma. Macroscopic (A) and microscopic (B) picture of the squamous cells carcinoma. p53 expression (C to E, single positive cells are indicated by arrows), Erk 1/2 phosphorylation (F to H, increased expression is indicated by closed triangles) and Bax expression (I to K, reduced expression is indicated by open triangles) in mucosa before (C, F, I) and after (D, G, J) tacrolimus treatment, as well as in the arising squamous cell carcinoma (E, H, K); magnification: A 5×, C to K 20×. All lesions were obtained by surgical excision, fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Five μm sections of tumor lesions were fixed in acetone and air dried for 30 min. Slides were incubated for 30 min with the indicated specific primary antibodies (anti-p53 [clone D07] and anti-Bax [polyclonal], DAKO, Hamburg, Germany; anti-pErk 1/2 [clone E10], Cell Signalling, BioLabs New England, Frankfurt, Germany) at predetermined dilutions ranging from 1:200 to 1:800. |
PMC1386691_F1_4700.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Macroscopic, microscopic and immune histological appearance of an oral lichen planus and a subsequently arising squamous cell carcinoma. Macroscopic (A) and microscopic (B) picture of the squamous cells carcinoma. p53 expression (C to E, single positive cells are indicated by arrows), Erk 1/2 phosphorylation (F to H, increased expression is indicated by closed triangles) and Bax expression (I to K, reduced expression is indicated by open triangles) in mucosa before (C, F, I) and after (D, G, J) tacrolimus treatment, as well as in the arising squamous cell carcinoma (E, H, K); magnification: A 5×, C to K 20×. All lesions were obtained by surgical excision, fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Five μm sections of tumor lesions were fixed in acetone and air dried for 30 min. Slides were incubated for 30 min with the indicated specific primary antibodies (anti-p53 [clone D07] and anti-Bax [polyclonal], DAKO, Hamburg, Germany; anti-pErk 1/2 [clone E10], Cell Signalling, BioLabs New England, Frankfurt, Germany) at predetermined dilutions ranging from 1:200 to 1:800. |
PMC1386705_F3_4708.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Representative example of real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography images showing lack of perfusion that corresponds to infarcted area before (A) and during adenosine infusion (small arrows) (B). Note that adenosine increases the infarct size determination. Necrotic area was determined as the region that failed to demonstrate brick red staining, appearing pale yellow, by triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride staining (arrow) (C). |
PMC1386705_F3_4707.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Representative example of real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography images showing lack of perfusion that corresponds to infarcted area before (A) and during adenosine infusion (small arrows) (B). Note that adenosine increases the infarct size determination. Necrotic area was determined as the region that failed to demonstrate brick red staining, appearing pale yellow, by triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride staining (arrow) (C). |
PMC1386705_F3_4706.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Representative example of real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography images showing lack of perfusion that corresponds to infarcted area before (A) and during adenosine infusion (small arrows) (B). Note that adenosine increases the infarct size determination. Necrotic area was determined as the region that failed to demonstrate brick red staining, appearing pale yellow, by triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride staining (arrow) (C). |
PMC1388210_F5_4710.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Expression of α6 integrin subunit and uPAR in specimens from pancreatic cancer patients. Tissue samples fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin were stained using the labeled streptavidin biotin method and specific antibodies as described in Materials and Methods. (A) Strong expression of the α6 integrin subunit in a specimen from ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas. Magnification: ×200. (B) Strong expression of the uPAR in a specimen from ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas. Magnification: ×200. (C) Weak expression of the α6 integrin subunit in a specimen from non-cancerous region of pancreas. Magnification: ×200. (D) The expression of uPAR was absent in a specimen from non-cancerous region of pancreas. Magnification: ×200. |
PMC1388210_F5_4712.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Expression of α6 integrin subunit and uPAR in specimens from pancreatic cancer patients. Tissue samples fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin were stained using the labeled streptavidin biotin method and specific antibodies as described in Materials and Methods. (A) Strong expression of the α6 integrin subunit in a specimen from ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas. Magnification: ×200. (B) Strong expression of the uPAR in a specimen from ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas. Magnification: ×200. (C) Weak expression of the α6 integrin subunit in a specimen from non-cancerous region of pancreas. Magnification: ×200. (D) The expression of uPAR was absent in a specimen from non-cancerous region of pancreas. Magnification: ×200. |
PMC1388210_F5_4713.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Expression of α6 integrin subunit and uPAR in specimens from pancreatic cancer patients. Tissue samples fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin were stained using the labeled streptavidin biotin method and specific antibodies as described in Materials and Methods. (A) Strong expression of the α6 integrin subunit in a specimen from ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas. Magnification: ×200. (B) Strong expression of the uPAR in a specimen from ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas. Magnification: ×200. (C) Weak expression of the α6 integrin subunit in a specimen from non-cancerous region of pancreas. Magnification: ×200. (D) The expression of uPAR was absent in a specimen from non-cancerous region of pancreas. Magnification: ×200. |
PMC1388216_F1_4716.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Radiological comparisons between the lumbar vertebral segments (LV 1–5) for control, obese (ob/ob) and diabetes (db/db) genotype-mutants groups are represented (x12.5) as indicators of length and width index parameters measured relative to the severity of diabetes-obesity syndrome aberrations for body weight and systemic endocrine/metabolic (Table 2) indices. |
PMC1388216_F1_4714.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Radiological comparisons between the lumbar vertebral segments (LV 1–5) for control, obese (ob/ob) and diabetes (db/db) genotype-mutants groups are represented (x12.5) as indicators of length and width index parameters measured relative to the severity of diabetes-obesity syndrome aberrations for body weight and systemic endocrine/metabolic (Table 2) indices. |
PMC1388236_F1_4723.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Endothelial microstructure. Rat mesenteric artery incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.4 ml/L, A, B and C) or DSP (0.4 ml/L, E, F and G) for 24 hrs. Human MCA incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.8 ml/L, D) or DSP (0.8 ml/l, H) for 12 hrs. Magnification: × 3000 for A and E; × 5000 for B, F, D and H; × 10000 for C and G. EC = endothelial cells; SMC = smooth muscle cells; EM = elastic membrane. |
PMC1388236_F1_4718.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Endothelial microstructure. Rat mesenteric artery incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.4 ml/L, A, B and C) or DSP (0.4 ml/L, E, F and G) for 24 hrs. Human MCA incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.8 ml/L, D) or DSP (0.8 ml/l, H) for 12 hrs. Magnification: × 3000 for A and E; × 5000 for B, F, D and H; × 10000 for C and G. EC = endothelial cells; SMC = smooth muscle cells; EM = elastic membrane. |
PMC1388236_F1_4717.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Endothelial microstructure. Rat mesenteric artery incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.4 ml/L, A, B and C) or DSP (0.4 ml/L, E, F and G) for 24 hrs. Human MCA incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.8 ml/L, D) or DSP (0.8 ml/l, H) for 12 hrs. Magnification: × 3000 for A and E; × 5000 for B, F, D and H; × 10000 for C and G. EC = endothelial cells; SMC = smooth muscle cells; EM = elastic membrane. |
PMC1388236_F1_4719.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Endothelial microstructure. Rat mesenteric artery incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.4 ml/L, A, B and C) or DSP (0.4 ml/L, E, F and G) for 24 hrs. Human MCA incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.8 ml/L, D) or DSP (0.8 ml/l, H) for 12 hrs. Magnification: × 3000 for A and E; × 5000 for B, F, D and H; × 10000 for C and G. EC = endothelial cells; SMC = smooth muscle cells; EM = elastic membrane. |
PMC1388236_F1_4722.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Endothelial microstructure. Rat mesenteric artery incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.4 ml/L, A, B and C) or DSP (0.4 ml/L, E, F and G) for 24 hrs. Human MCA incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.8 ml/L, D) or DSP (0.8 ml/l, H) for 12 hrs. Magnification: × 3000 for A and E; × 5000 for B, F, D and H; × 10000 for C and G. EC = endothelial cells; SMC = smooth muscle cells; EM = elastic membrane. |
PMC1388246_F1_4726.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Computed tomography on the day of arrival. Frontal and transverse projections showing: 1. Intraabdominally distended gastric fundus. 2. Fluid in hernia. 3. Herniated major omentum. 4. Herniated transverse colon. 5. Small bubble of free air, not noticed primarily. 6. Herniated part of duodenum. |
PMC1388246_F1_4725.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Computed tomography on the day of arrival. Frontal and transverse projections showing: 1. Intraabdominally distended gastric fundus. 2. Fluid in hernia. 3. Herniated major omentum. 4. Herniated transverse colon. 5. Small bubble of free air, not noticed primarily. 6. Herniated part of duodenum. |
PMC1388246_F2_4727.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Plain X-ray showing placements of tubes. Naso-gastric tube in the intraabdominally located gastric fundus (A). The naso-jejunal tube was passed through the intrathoracic hernia and the end was placed in the proximal jejunum (B). |
PMC1392232_f2-ehp0114-000379_4731.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | (A) Carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a female rat administered 100,000 ppm APM in feed; H&E; magnification, 25×; bar = 500 μm. (B) Detail of the carcinoma shown in (A); H&E; magnification, 400×; bar = 20 μm. (C) Malignant schwannoma of cranial nerves resembling Antoni B type pattern in a male rat administered 100,000 ppm APM in feed; H&E; magnification, 200×; bar = 50 μm. (D) Immunohistochemical characterization with S100 protein of the schwannoma shown in (C); magnification, 1,000×; bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1392232_f2-ehp0114-000379_4729.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | (A) Carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a female rat administered 100,000 ppm APM in feed; H&E; magnification, 25×; bar = 500 μm. (B) Detail of the carcinoma shown in (A); H&E; magnification, 400×; bar = 20 μm. (C) Malignant schwannoma of cranial nerves resembling Antoni B type pattern in a male rat administered 100,000 ppm APM in feed; H&E; magnification, 200×; bar = 50 μm. (D) Immunohistochemical characterization with S100 protein of the schwannoma shown in (C); magnification, 1,000×; bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1392232_f2-ehp0114-000379_4730.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | (A) Carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a female rat administered 100,000 ppm APM in feed; H&E; magnification, 25×; bar = 500 μm. (B) Detail of the carcinoma shown in (A); H&E; magnification, 400×; bar = 20 μm. (C) Malignant schwannoma of cranial nerves resembling Antoni B type pattern in a male rat administered 100,000 ppm APM in feed; H&E; magnification, 200×; bar = 50 μm. (D) Immunohistochemical characterization with S100 protein of the schwannoma shown in (C); magnification, 1,000×; bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1392232_f2-ehp0114-000379_4728.jpg | What is shown in this image? | (A) Carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a female rat administered 100,000 ppm APM in feed; H&E; magnification, 25×; bar = 500 μm. (B) Detail of the carcinoma shown in (A); H&E; magnification, 400×; bar = 20 μm. (C) Malignant schwannoma of cranial nerves resembling Antoni B type pattern in a male rat administered 100,000 ppm APM in feed; H&E; magnification, 200×; bar = 50 μm. (D) Immunohistochemical characterization with S100 protein of the schwannoma shown in (C); magnification, 1,000×; bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1392236_f5-ehp0114-000412_4733.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | PMNL identification in the spinotrapezius muscle microcirculation of PM-exposed rats 24 hr after IT exposure. (A) Representative H&E-stained section from a saline-treated rat. Abbreviations: CT, connective tissue; SM, skeletal muscle fiber. (B) Representative H&E-stained section from a rat exposed to 0.1 mg ROFA. Note the deeply lobed nuclei that are characteristic of PMNLs. Bars = 25 μm; similar results were obtained with TiO2. |
PMC1392236_f7-ehp0114-000412_4734.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Localization of MPO in the spinotrapezius muscle microcirculation 24 hr after ROFA exposure. Fluorescent antibodies targeted a polyclonal antibody against MPO; nuclei are counterstained blue with DAPI. (A) Representative confocal fluorescent image of a venule from a saline-treated rat. (B) Representative confocal image of a venule from a rat exposed to 0.25 mg ROFA. Note the fluorescence in the microvascular wall indicating the presence of MPO (arrows). Bars = 20 μm; similar results were obtained with TiO2. |
PMC1392236_f7-ehp0114-000412_4735.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Localization of MPO in the spinotrapezius muscle microcirculation 24 hr after ROFA exposure. Fluorescent antibodies targeted a polyclonal antibody against MPO; nuclei are counterstained blue with DAPI. (A) Representative confocal fluorescent image of a venule from a saline-treated rat. (B) Representative confocal image of a venule from a rat exposed to 0.25 mg ROFA. Note the fluorescence in the microvascular wall indicating the presence of MPO (arrows). Bars = 20 μm; similar results were obtained with TiO2. |
PMC1395302_F3_4738.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Fos-LI was induced 3 weeks after operation using 10 min of gentle tactile stimulation; animals were sacrificed 2 h later. Rats inoculated with SHZ (a) 1 week after SNL show a marked increase in Fos-LI-positive neurons compared with those inoculated with S4IL4 (b). (c) Quantitative distribution of Fos-LI neurons in laminae of the L4–5 dorsal horn. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM numbers of Fos-LI neurons per section (*P < 0.05 compared to SHZ-inoculated; n = 5, ANOVA). |
PMC1395302_F3_4740.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Fos-LI was induced 3 weeks after operation using 10 min of gentle tactile stimulation; animals were sacrificed 2 h later. Rats inoculated with SHZ (a) 1 week after SNL show a marked increase in Fos-LI-positive neurons compared with those inoculated with S4IL4 (b). (c) Quantitative distribution of Fos-LI neurons in laminae of the L4–5 dorsal horn. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM numbers of Fos-LI neurons per section (*P < 0.05 compared to SHZ-inoculated; n = 5, ANOVA). |
PMC1395313_F1_4743.jpg | What is shown in this image? | A) 99mTc-HMDP bone scintigraphy showing many lesions with accumulation in the left ribs, which were diagnosed as multiple costal metastases. B) After chemotherapy with S-1 and CPT-11, the costal metastases have resolved. |
PMC1395313_F1_4741.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | A) 99mTc-HMDP bone scintigraphy showing many lesions with accumulation in the left ribs, which were diagnosed as multiple costal metastases. B) After chemotherapy with S-1 and CPT-11, the costal metastases have resolved. |
PMC1395313_F1_4744.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | A) 99mTc-HMDP bone scintigraphy showing many lesions with accumulation in the left ribs, which were diagnosed as multiple costal metastases. B) After chemotherapy with S-1 and CPT-11, the costal metastases have resolved. |
PMC1395313_F2_4746.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | A) Microscopic image of tumor obtained by colonic biopsy before chemotherapy, showing well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. B) Microscopic image of surgical specimen after chemotherapy. Half of the tumor shows degeneration, necrosis, and fibrosis. |
PMC1395313_F2_4745.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | A) Microscopic image of tumor obtained by colonic biopsy before chemotherapy, showing well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. B) Microscopic image of surgical specimen after chemotherapy. Half of the tumor shows degeneration, necrosis, and fibrosis. |
PMC1395317_F5_4748.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | US-guided vacuum-assisted core biopsy of a mass lesion in the left breast (left). The lesion has resolved at the end of procedure (right). |
PMC1395317_F5_4747.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | US-guided vacuum-assisted core biopsy of a mass lesion in the left breast (left). The lesion has resolved at the end of procedure (right). |
PMC1395322_F1_4749.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Initial radiological findings in Case 7: T2 weighted MRI scans of Case 7 showing extent of white matter disease in January 2005 |
PMC1395322_F2_4750.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Follow-up radiological findings in Case 7: T2 weighted MRI scans of Case 7 showing extent of white matter disease in January 2006 |
PMC1395330_F1_4755.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Myocardial contrast echocardiography images in the apical four-chamber view 3 beats after the high-mechanical index flash impulse (left panel) and 10 beats after the flash (right panel). The arrow shows the contrast extrusion from the left ventricular cavity into the myocardium in the lateral wall, before reaching the pericardial space, suggesting an impending rupture. LV = left ventricle; RV = right ventricle. |
PMC1395330_F3_4754.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Anatomical slice of the left ventricle obtained during necropsy. The infarction region is between the arrows. The big arrow shows the region of left ventricular free wall rupture. LV = left ventricle; RV = right ventricle. |
PMC1395355_pbio-0040114-g001_4757.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | The cytotoxic, "killer," T lymphocyte response kills only a fraction of the total number of HIV-infected lymphocytes in humans infected with the virus. The small spheres visible on the cell surface are viral particles. (Image: C. Goldsmith, CDC) |
PMC1397801_F3_4760.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of 15q21.1q22.2 region using BAC probes. (A) Hybridization with clones RP11-231A23 (green; distal to the deletion interval) and RP11-105D1 (red) showing deletion of one copy of RP11-105D1. (B) Deletion of one copy of RP11-23N2 (red) hybridized with centromeric control probe (green). (C) Hybridization with RP11-50C13 (green) and RP11-485O10 (red; proximal to the deletion boundary) showing deletion of one copy of RP11-50C13. (D) Hybridization with RP11-69G7 (red) encompassing α-tropomyosin gene, shows intact alleles on both chromosomes. |
PMC1397801_F3_4758.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of 15q21.1q22.2 region using BAC probes. (A) Hybridization with clones RP11-231A23 (green; distal to the deletion interval) and RP11-105D1 (red) showing deletion of one copy of RP11-105D1. (B) Deletion of one copy of RP11-23N2 (red) hybridized with centromeric control probe (green). (C) Hybridization with RP11-50C13 (green) and RP11-485O10 (red; proximal to the deletion boundary) showing deletion of one copy of RP11-50C13. (D) Hybridization with RP11-69G7 (red) encompassing α-tropomyosin gene, shows intact alleles on both chromosomes. |
PMC1397829_F1_4769.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Expression pattern of CD146 in juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), adult DM, and control muscle biopsies. Frozen muscle sections from myositis and control samples were stained with antibodies that recognize pan endothelial marker CD146. Representative staining patterns for CD146 in normal human muscle control (panels a&c) and DM (panel b) and juvenile DM (panel d). Note strong endothelial staining in the capillaries of both DM and juvenile DM patients. |
PMC1397829_F1_4766.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Expression pattern of CD146 in juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), adult DM, and control muscle biopsies. Frozen muscle sections from myositis and control samples were stained with antibodies that recognize pan endothelial marker CD146. Representative staining patterns for CD146 in normal human muscle control (panels a&c) and DM (panel b) and juvenile DM (panel d). Note strong endothelial staining in the capillaries of both DM and juvenile DM patients. |
PMC1397829_F1_4767.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Expression pattern of CD146 in juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), adult DM, and control muscle biopsies. Frozen muscle sections from myositis and control samples were stained with antibodies that recognize pan endothelial marker CD146. Representative staining patterns for CD146 in normal human muscle control (panels a&c) and DM (panel b) and juvenile DM (panel d). Note strong endothelial staining in the capillaries of both DM and juvenile DM patients. |
PMC1397829_F1_4768.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Expression pattern of CD146 in juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), adult DM, and control muscle biopsies. Frozen muscle sections from myositis and control samples were stained with antibodies that recognize pan endothelial marker CD146. Representative staining patterns for CD146 in normal human muscle control (panels a&c) and DM (panel b) and juvenile DM (panel d). Note strong endothelial staining in the capillaries of both DM and juvenile DM patients. |
PMC1397829_F2_4765.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Expression pattern of αVβ3 in juvenile DM, adult DM, and control muscle biopsies. Frozen muscle sections from myositis and normal human muscle control samples were stained with antibodies that recognize αVβ3. Representative staining patterns for αVβ3 in control (panels a&c) and DM (panel b) and juvenile DM (panel d). |
PMC1397829_F2_4764.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Expression pattern of αVβ3 in juvenile DM, adult DM, and control muscle biopsies. Frozen muscle sections from myositis and normal human muscle control samples were stained with antibodies that recognize αVβ3. Representative staining patterns for αVβ3 in control (panels a&c) and DM (panel b) and juvenile DM (panel d). |
PMC1397829_F4_4770.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | DC-LAMP positive dendritic cells are enriched in perivascular area of inflammation in juvenile DM patients. Juvenile DM and control biopsies were stained with antibodies that recognize dendritic cell marker DC-LAMP along with an isotype matched control (upper panels). Consecutive sections stained with DC-LAMP and CD146 showing close proximity of DC-LAMP positive cells to blood vessels. Normal biopsies showed no staining with DC-LAMP antibodies (data not shown). |
PMC1397829_F4_4772.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | DC-LAMP positive dendritic cells are enriched in perivascular area of inflammation in juvenile DM patients. Juvenile DM and control biopsies were stained with antibodies that recognize dendritic cell marker DC-LAMP along with an isotype matched control (upper panels). Consecutive sections stained with DC-LAMP and CD146 showing close proximity of DC-LAMP positive cells to blood vessels. Normal biopsies showed no staining with DC-LAMP antibodies (data not shown). |
PMC1397829_F4_4771.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | DC-LAMP positive dendritic cells are enriched in perivascular area of inflammation in juvenile DM patients. Juvenile DM and control biopsies were stained with antibodies that recognize dendritic cell marker DC-LAMP along with an isotype matched control (upper panels). Consecutive sections stained with DC-LAMP and CD146 showing close proximity of DC-LAMP positive cells to blood vessels. Normal biopsies showed no staining with DC-LAMP antibodies (data not shown). |
PMC1397829_F4_4773.jpg | What is shown in this image? | DC-LAMP positive dendritic cells are enriched in perivascular area of inflammation in juvenile DM patients. Juvenile DM and control biopsies were stained with antibodies that recognize dendritic cell marker DC-LAMP along with an isotype matched control (upper panels). Consecutive sections stained with DC-LAMP and CD146 showing close proximity of DC-LAMP positive cells to blood vessels. Normal biopsies showed no staining with DC-LAMP antibodies (data not shown). |
PMC1397829_F5_4775.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Expression pattern of CD142, CD31 and DC-LAMP in juvenile DM patients. Serial sections of juvenile DM biopsies stained with anti-tissue factor (CD142) and PECAM1 (CD31) antibodies (upper panel). Serial sections stained with CD31 and DC-LAMP showing close proximity of DC-LAMP positive cells to CD31 positive blood vessels (arrows). |
PMC1397829_F5_4774.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Expression pattern of CD142, CD31 and DC-LAMP in juvenile DM patients. Serial sections of juvenile DM biopsies stained with anti-tissue factor (CD142) and PECAM1 (CD31) antibodies (upper panel). Serial sections stained with CD31 and DC-LAMP showing close proximity of DC-LAMP positive cells to CD31 positive blood vessels (arrows). |
PMC1397835_F4_4778.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Endocytosis contributes to polar endomembrane labeling. A 6 h-old zygote was labeled for 2 min and the spatial distribution of endocytosis was immediately imaged by confocal microscopy. Image is a single optical section near the median plane demonstrating preferential FM4-64 uptake at the rhizoid pole. Arrow indicates direction of polarizing light and bar = 50 μm. |
PMC1397837_F1_4779.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | The human hip joint. Radiograph of the human proximal femur and acetabulum in which the two main systems of trabeculae (group 1 and 2) are indicated. These are traditionally known as the principle tensile and compressive trabeculae respectively, a questionable nomenclature. |
PMC1397850_F6_4783.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Expression of nestin (A), GFAP (B) and neurofilament (C) in undifferentiated and differentiated BMSC. Untreated cells were labeled for nestin (A1), whose expression decreased with treatment 1 (A2,3) but persisted after treatment 2 (A4). GFAP immunoreactivity was negative in untreated cells (B1), but after 5 (B2) and 24 hours (B3) of treatment 1 some cells were GFAP positive. Treatment 2 determined strong GFAP immunostaining after 7 days (B4). Immunoreactivity for neurofilaments, totally absent in untreated BMSC (C1), was present in some cell bodies and processes after treatment 1 (C2,3; higher magnification in C3 insert) and treatment 2 (C4). Cells were also stained with Hoechst dye 33258. Bar: 40 μm. Insert bar: 10 μm. |
PMC1397850_F6_4787.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Expression of nestin (A), GFAP (B) and neurofilament (C) in undifferentiated and differentiated BMSC. Untreated cells were labeled for nestin (A1), whose expression decreased with treatment 1 (A2,3) but persisted after treatment 2 (A4). GFAP immunoreactivity was negative in untreated cells (B1), but after 5 (B2) and 24 hours (B3) of treatment 1 some cells were GFAP positive. Treatment 2 determined strong GFAP immunostaining after 7 days (B4). Immunoreactivity for neurofilaments, totally absent in untreated BMSC (C1), was present in some cell bodies and processes after treatment 1 (C2,3; higher magnification in C3 insert) and treatment 2 (C4). Cells were also stained with Hoechst dye 33258. Bar: 40 μm. Insert bar: 10 μm. |
PMC1397850_F6_4791.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Expression of nestin (A), GFAP (B) and neurofilament (C) in undifferentiated and differentiated BMSC. Untreated cells were labeled for nestin (A1), whose expression decreased with treatment 1 (A2,3) but persisted after treatment 2 (A4). GFAP immunoreactivity was negative in untreated cells (B1), but after 5 (B2) and 24 hours (B3) of treatment 1 some cells were GFAP positive. Treatment 2 determined strong GFAP immunostaining after 7 days (B4). Immunoreactivity for neurofilaments, totally absent in untreated BMSC (C1), was present in some cell bodies and processes after treatment 1 (C2,3; higher magnification in C3 insert) and treatment 2 (C4). Cells were also stained with Hoechst dye 33258. Bar: 40 μm. Insert bar: 10 μm. |
PMC1397850_F6_4785.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Expression of nestin (A), GFAP (B) and neurofilament (C) in undifferentiated and differentiated BMSC. Untreated cells were labeled for nestin (A1), whose expression decreased with treatment 1 (A2,3) but persisted after treatment 2 (A4). GFAP immunoreactivity was negative in untreated cells (B1), but after 5 (B2) and 24 hours (B3) of treatment 1 some cells were GFAP positive. Treatment 2 determined strong GFAP immunostaining after 7 days (B4). Immunoreactivity for neurofilaments, totally absent in untreated BMSC (C1), was present in some cell bodies and processes after treatment 1 (C2,3; higher magnification in C3 insert) and treatment 2 (C4). Cells were also stained with Hoechst dye 33258. Bar: 40 μm. Insert bar: 10 μm. |
PMC1397850_F6_4790.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Expression of nestin (A), GFAP (B) and neurofilament (C) in undifferentiated and differentiated BMSC. Untreated cells were labeled for nestin (A1), whose expression decreased with treatment 1 (A2,3) but persisted after treatment 2 (A4). GFAP immunoreactivity was negative in untreated cells (B1), but after 5 (B2) and 24 hours (B3) of treatment 1 some cells were GFAP positive. Treatment 2 determined strong GFAP immunostaining after 7 days (B4). Immunoreactivity for neurofilaments, totally absent in untreated BMSC (C1), was present in some cell bodies and processes after treatment 1 (C2,3; higher magnification in C3 insert) and treatment 2 (C4). Cells were also stained with Hoechst dye 33258. Bar: 40 μm. Insert bar: 10 μm. |
PMC1397850_F6_4780.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Expression of nestin (A), GFAP (B) and neurofilament (C) in undifferentiated and differentiated BMSC. Untreated cells were labeled for nestin (A1), whose expression decreased with treatment 1 (A2,3) but persisted after treatment 2 (A4). GFAP immunoreactivity was negative in untreated cells (B1), but after 5 (B2) and 24 hours (B3) of treatment 1 some cells were GFAP positive. Treatment 2 determined strong GFAP immunostaining after 7 days (B4). Immunoreactivity for neurofilaments, totally absent in untreated BMSC (C1), was present in some cell bodies and processes after treatment 1 (C2,3; higher magnification in C3 insert) and treatment 2 (C4). Cells were also stained with Hoechst dye 33258. Bar: 40 μm. Insert bar: 10 μm. |
PMC1397850_F6_4784.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Expression of nestin (A), GFAP (B) and neurofilament (C) in undifferentiated and differentiated BMSC. Untreated cells were labeled for nestin (A1), whose expression decreased with treatment 1 (A2,3) but persisted after treatment 2 (A4). GFAP immunoreactivity was negative in untreated cells (B1), but after 5 (B2) and 24 hours (B3) of treatment 1 some cells were GFAP positive. Treatment 2 determined strong GFAP immunostaining after 7 days (B4). Immunoreactivity for neurofilaments, totally absent in untreated BMSC (C1), was present in some cell bodies and processes after treatment 1 (C2,3; higher magnification in C3 insert) and treatment 2 (C4). Cells were also stained with Hoechst dye 33258. Bar: 40 μm. Insert bar: 10 μm. |
PMC1397855_F1_4794.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Macroscopic appearance of testes from healthy controls (CO), untreated rats with testicular atrophy (AT) and rats with testicular atrophy treated with IGF-I (AT+IGF). Note reduced volume of testes in AT rats. |
PMC1397855_F1_4793.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Macroscopic appearance of testes from healthy controls (CO), untreated rats with testicular atrophy (AT) and rats with testicular atrophy treated with IGF-I (AT+IGF). Note reduced volume of testes in AT rats. |
PMC1397855_F1_4792.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Macroscopic appearance of testes from healthy controls (CO), untreated rats with testicular atrophy (AT) and rats with testicular atrophy treated with IGF-I (AT+IGF). Note reduced volume of testes in AT rats. |
PMC1397855_F2_4795.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Microscopy of testes (× 100 magnification, Masson's stain). Testicular histological section of normal rat (CO) demonstrating active spermatogenesis in normal-size seminiferous tubuli with thin basement membranes and minimal peritubular fibrosis. Leydig cells are scarce, being widely separated by seminiferous tubuli. Seminiferous tubuli in testes from untreated animals with testicular atrophy (AT) appear seriously damaged. These animals show a decrease of tubular diameter, vacuolization in germinal epithelium, lost of germinal line, total reduction of spermatogenesis. AT rats treated with IGF-I (AT+IGF) show a significant improvement of all these alterations, although partial. |
PMC1397855_F2_4796.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Microscopy of testes (× 100 magnification, Masson's stain). Testicular histological section of normal rat (CO) demonstrating active spermatogenesis in normal-size seminiferous tubuli with thin basement membranes and minimal peritubular fibrosis. Leydig cells are scarce, being widely separated by seminiferous tubuli. Seminiferous tubuli in testes from untreated animals with testicular atrophy (AT) appear seriously damaged. These animals show a decrease of tubular diameter, vacuolization in germinal epithelium, lost of germinal line, total reduction of spermatogenesis. AT rats treated with IGF-I (AT+IGF) show a significant improvement of all these alterations, although partial. |
PMC1397855_F2_4797.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Microscopy of testes (× 100 magnification, Masson's stain). Testicular histological section of normal rat (CO) demonstrating active spermatogenesis in normal-size seminiferous tubuli with thin basement membranes and minimal peritubular fibrosis. Leydig cells are scarce, being widely separated by seminiferous tubuli. Seminiferous tubuli in testes from untreated animals with testicular atrophy (AT) appear seriously damaged. These animals show a decrease of tubular diameter, vacuolization in germinal epithelium, lost of germinal line, total reduction of spermatogenesis. AT rats treated with IGF-I (AT+IGF) show a significant improvement of all these alterations, although partial. |
PMC1397862_F4_4804.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Activity related to visual search. (A) Statistical parametric maps activated by visual search (random-effect analysis of 13 subjects, P < 0.05, corrected). In order to identify brain regions activated by visual search, we calculated percent signal change evoked during present and absent trials as compared with that for null trial. Anatomical locations were mapped on axial template brains. Top: Sections passing through visual cortices (left), intraparietal sulcus (middle), and precentral gyrus (right) in the pre-fatigue session. Bottom: Sections passing through right visual cortex (left) and left visual cortex (right) in the post-fatigue session. Crossing line indicates the local activity maximum of each brain region. The right (R) and left (L) sides are indicated. (B) Activity in the visual cortices during the visual search in the pre- (Pre) and post-fatigue (Post) sessions of the normal and CFS patient groups. Magnitude of the activity was calculated as the peak signal change (%) averaged across the activated areas. (C) Activity change rate in the visual cortices during the visual search of the normal and CFS patient groups. Activity change rate (%/h) was calculated as change of activity in the visual cortices during the visual search from pre-fatigue to post-fatigue sessions divided by the session time (hour) of the fatigue-inducing period × 100. Data are mean and SEM. ns, no significant difference (unpaired t-test). Closed columns, normal subjects; open columns, CFS subjects. |
PMC1397862_F5_4806.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Activity related to transient reduction of fMRI acquisition noise. (A) Statistical parametric maps activated by noise reduction in the pre-fatigue session (random-effect analysis, P < 0.05, corrected). Anatomical locations were mapped on template brains. Axial (left), coronal (middle), and sagittal (left) sections passing through auditory cortices are shown. Crossing line indicates the local activity maximum of the brain regions. The right (R) and left (L) sides are indicated. (B) Statistical parametric maps activated by fMRI noise reduction (red) and visual search (green) in the pre-fatigue session (random effect analysis, P < 0.05, corrected). Combined statistical parametric maps were superimposed on surface-rendered high-resolution MRIs viewed from right and left. (C) Time course of normalised activity in the auditory cortices during fatigue-inducing period in the normal and CFS patient groups. To evaluate the time course of the auditory responses, we divided the fatigue-inducing period into 6-min sections, and measured activity of the brain regions that had been activated by transient reduction of fMRI noise in the pre-fatigue session. Magnitude of the activity was calculated as the peak signal change (%) averaged across the activated areas. Normalised activity was calculated as activity in a given section divided by that in the first section. Data are mean and SEM. Closed circles, normal subjects; open circles, CFS subjects. |
PMC1397862_F5_4809.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Activity related to transient reduction of fMRI acquisition noise. (A) Statistical parametric maps activated by noise reduction in the pre-fatigue session (random-effect analysis, P < 0.05, corrected). Anatomical locations were mapped on template brains. Axial (left), coronal (middle), and sagittal (left) sections passing through auditory cortices are shown. Crossing line indicates the local activity maximum of the brain regions. The right (R) and left (L) sides are indicated. (B) Statistical parametric maps activated by fMRI noise reduction (red) and visual search (green) in the pre-fatigue session (random effect analysis, P < 0.05, corrected). Combined statistical parametric maps were superimposed on surface-rendered high-resolution MRIs viewed from right and left. (C) Time course of normalised activity in the auditory cortices during fatigue-inducing period in the normal and CFS patient groups. To evaluate the time course of the auditory responses, we divided the fatigue-inducing period into 6-min sections, and measured activity of the brain regions that had been activated by transient reduction of fMRI noise in the pre-fatigue session. Magnitude of the activity was calculated as the peak signal change (%) averaged across the activated areas. Normalised activity was calculated as activity in a given section divided by that in the first section. Data are mean and SEM. Closed circles, normal subjects; open circles, CFS subjects. |
PMC1397862_F5_4805.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Activity related to transient reduction of fMRI acquisition noise. (A) Statistical parametric maps activated by noise reduction in the pre-fatigue session (random-effect analysis, P < 0.05, corrected). Anatomical locations were mapped on template brains. Axial (left), coronal (middle), and sagittal (left) sections passing through auditory cortices are shown. Crossing line indicates the local activity maximum of the brain regions. The right (R) and left (L) sides are indicated. (B) Statistical parametric maps activated by fMRI noise reduction (red) and visual search (green) in the pre-fatigue session (random effect analysis, P < 0.05, corrected). Combined statistical parametric maps were superimposed on surface-rendered high-resolution MRIs viewed from right and left. (C) Time course of normalised activity in the auditory cortices during fatigue-inducing period in the normal and CFS patient groups. To evaluate the time course of the auditory responses, we divided the fatigue-inducing period into 6-min sections, and measured activity of the brain regions that had been activated by transient reduction of fMRI noise in the pre-fatigue session. Magnitude of the activity was calculated as the peak signal change (%) averaged across the activated areas. Normalised activity was calculated as activity in a given section divided by that in the first section. Data are mean and SEM. Closed circles, normal subjects; open circles, CFS subjects. |
PMC1397862_F6_4800.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Activity related to noise reduction by regression analyses. Brain regions in which responsiveness to transient noise reduction was decreased in the CFS patients (A), and those in which responsiveness to transient noise reduction was decreased in the CFS patients relative to the normal subjects (B) during the fatigue session over 30 min (P < 0.05, uncorrected) are shown. Brain regions shown in Figure 6A and B are limited within auditory cortices. Anatomical locations were mapped on coronal template brains, with coordinate in mm from the anterior commissure. The left side (L) is indicated. (C) Time course of 10-event moving-averaged normalised peak activity of the left planum temporale. Normalised peak activity was calculated as shown in 'Materials and Methods' section. Linear regression lines are shown. Closed circles, normal subjects; open circles, CFS subjects. Data are mean and SEM. |
PMC1397870_F3_4811.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram recorded in the marginal recipient with cardiac amyloid. In both the parasternal long-axis (right) and apical four-chamber (left) images note the homogeneous echo intensity of the myocardium, which is noted as a bright "speckling" appearance. Both the mitral and aortic valves are also thickened. The patient had severe ventricular dysfunction and advanced heart failure symptoms (NYHA Class IV). (Images from Marinella Ferlito, Director Echo lab, and Prof Claudio Rapezzi, University Cardiology Division, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy) Additional files (video clips) 5 and 6. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram of the donor heart grafted in the marginal recipient. In both the parasternal long-axis (Additional file 5) and apical four-chamber (Additional file 6) views note the excellent global and regional ventricular function. Chambers and cardiac structures are normals. (Images from Marinella Ferlito, Director Echo lab, and Prof Claudio Rapezzi, University Cardiology Division, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy) |
PMC1397870_F3_4810.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram recorded in the marginal recipient with cardiac amyloid. In both the parasternal long-axis (right) and apical four-chamber (left) images note the homogeneous echo intensity of the myocardium, which is noted as a bright "speckling" appearance. Both the mitral and aortic valves are also thickened. The patient had severe ventricular dysfunction and advanced heart failure symptoms (NYHA Class IV). (Images from Marinella Ferlito, Director Echo lab, and Prof Claudio Rapezzi, University Cardiology Division, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy) Additional files (video clips) 5 and 6. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram of the donor heart grafted in the marginal recipient. In both the parasternal long-axis (Additional file 5) and apical four-chamber (Additional file 6) views note the excellent global and regional ventricular function. Chambers and cardiac structures are normals. (Images from Marinella Ferlito, Director Echo lab, and Prof Claudio Rapezzi, University Cardiology Division, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy) |
PMC1397870_F4_4813.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Graft coronary artery imaging- appearance by angiography and intravascular ultrasound 1 month after follow-up. Excellent angiographic result demonstrating concordance with the pre-transplant potential donor stress echo (no inducible ischemia). The left panel shows angiogram obtained on the transplanted heart 1 month after engraftment. Angiographic imaging of the midportion of the LAD only shows minor lumen irregularities within the vessel. The right panel shows intravascular ultrasound images obtained in the same coronary segment. (images from Prof Claudio Rapezzi and Dr Carlo Magelli, responsible of the Clinical Heart Transplant Program, University Cardiology Division, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy) |
PMC1402266_F2_4825.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | In vivo test of RCAS-RNAi activity on visinin transcript expression. (A) A diagram of the RCAS-RNAi vectors tested. The hairpins were cloned in the forward and reverse directions in order to assess whether orientation altered virus knock down capabilities. (B) Infection of chick retinas with RCAS-U6-Vis1 and RCAS-U6-Vis2 in vivo. Stage 10 (~E1.5) retinas were injected with virus and harvested at E6. Retinas were hybridized with anti-visinin probe and then stained with 3C2 (anti-gag) antibody to allow visualization of virus-infected regions. |
PMC1402266_F2_4820.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | In vivo test of RCAS-RNAi activity on visinin transcript expression. (A) A diagram of the RCAS-RNAi vectors tested. The hairpins were cloned in the forward and reverse directions in order to assess whether orientation altered virus knock down capabilities. (B) Infection of chick retinas with RCAS-U6-Vis1 and RCAS-U6-Vis2 in vivo. Stage 10 (~E1.5) retinas were injected with virus and harvested at E6. Retinas were hybridized with anti-visinin probe and then stained with 3C2 (anti-gag) antibody to allow visualization of virus-infected regions. |
PMC1402266_F2_4817.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | In vivo test of RCAS-RNAi activity on visinin transcript expression. (A) A diagram of the RCAS-RNAi vectors tested. The hairpins were cloned in the forward and reverse directions in order to assess whether orientation altered virus knock down capabilities. (B) Infection of chick retinas with RCAS-U6-Vis1 and RCAS-U6-Vis2 in vivo. Stage 10 (~E1.5) retinas were injected with virus and harvested at E6. Retinas were hybridized with anti-visinin probe and then stained with 3C2 (anti-gag) antibody to allow visualization of virus-infected regions. |
PMC1402290_F6_4835.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Expression of the engrailed gene in the embryo of the millipede Glomeris marginata. Shown is the localisation of engrailed transcripts via in situ hybridisation. The embryo proper is located on the surface of a large yolk mass that is consumed as the embryo develops. In the stages shown, the yolk mass is still very large, so that the embryo proper is still open dorsally. This is the reason why the future dorsal tissue is still located "laterally", i.e. next to the ventral tissue (indicated in the figures). This will change in very late stages, when the yolk is consumed entirely and the "lateral" portions of the germ band fuse dorsally (dorsal closure). The ventral engrailed expression marks the posterior part of the ventral segmental units. The ventral stripes are marked with p,1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Dorsally, the engrailed transcripts are in stripes (asterisks) localised at a different intrasegmental position as on the ventral side. The dorsal stripe of engrailed expression is not associated with any morphological structure at this stage, but is in the middle of the dorsal metameric units, which also becomes obvious if one compares with figure 7 B and D. The location of the future ventral and dorsal tissue is marked (dorsal-ventral-dorsal or d-v-d). Note that the dorsal tissue is on the lateral part on both sides of the germ band at this stage; during dorsal closure these tissues fuse on the dorsal side to give rise to one dorsal tissue. The head segments are marked in the embryo in panel D, for details we refer to [4,6]. (A and B): embryo at stage 4.1, (C and D): embryo at stage 5 (staging see [4,6]). Panel A and C show the bright field micrograph of the in situ hybridisation staining; panel B and D show the epifluorescence image of the embryo in A and C, respectively, in which the nuclear DAPI staining becomes bright, and the in situ hybridisation staining appears dark due to quenching of the fluorescence. Abbreviations: d: dorsal; v: ventral; lb: labrum; oc: ocular segment; an: antennal segment; pmd: pre-mandibular segment; md: mandibular segment; mx: maxillary segment; p: post-maxillary segment; 1–7: ventral leg bearing segment 1–7. |
PMC1402290_F6_4832.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Expression of the engrailed gene in the embryo of the millipede Glomeris marginata. Shown is the localisation of engrailed transcripts via in situ hybridisation. The embryo proper is located on the surface of a large yolk mass that is consumed as the embryo develops. In the stages shown, the yolk mass is still very large, so that the embryo proper is still open dorsally. This is the reason why the future dorsal tissue is still located "laterally", i.e. next to the ventral tissue (indicated in the figures). This will change in very late stages, when the yolk is consumed entirely and the "lateral" portions of the germ band fuse dorsally (dorsal closure). The ventral engrailed expression marks the posterior part of the ventral segmental units. The ventral stripes are marked with p,1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Dorsally, the engrailed transcripts are in stripes (asterisks) localised at a different intrasegmental position as on the ventral side. The dorsal stripe of engrailed expression is not associated with any morphological structure at this stage, but is in the middle of the dorsal metameric units, which also becomes obvious if one compares with figure 7 B and D. The location of the future ventral and dorsal tissue is marked (dorsal-ventral-dorsal or d-v-d). Note that the dorsal tissue is on the lateral part on both sides of the germ band at this stage; during dorsal closure these tissues fuse on the dorsal side to give rise to one dorsal tissue. The head segments are marked in the embryo in panel D, for details we refer to [4,6]. (A and B): embryo at stage 4.1, (C and D): embryo at stage 5 (staging see [4,6]). Panel A and C show the bright field micrograph of the in situ hybridisation staining; panel B and D show the epifluorescence image of the embryo in A and C, respectively, in which the nuclear DAPI staining becomes bright, and the in situ hybridisation staining appears dark due to quenching of the fluorescence. Abbreviations: d: dorsal; v: ventral; lb: labrum; oc: ocular segment; an: antennal segment; pmd: pre-mandibular segment; md: mandibular segment; mx: maxillary segment; p: post-maxillary segment; 1–7: ventral leg bearing segment 1–7. |
PMC1402290_F6_4834.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Expression of the engrailed gene in the embryo of the millipede Glomeris marginata. Shown is the localisation of engrailed transcripts via in situ hybridisation. The embryo proper is located on the surface of a large yolk mass that is consumed as the embryo develops. In the stages shown, the yolk mass is still very large, so that the embryo proper is still open dorsally. This is the reason why the future dorsal tissue is still located "laterally", i.e. next to the ventral tissue (indicated in the figures). This will change in very late stages, when the yolk is consumed entirely and the "lateral" portions of the germ band fuse dorsally (dorsal closure). The ventral engrailed expression marks the posterior part of the ventral segmental units. The ventral stripes are marked with p,1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Dorsally, the engrailed transcripts are in stripes (asterisks) localised at a different intrasegmental position as on the ventral side. The dorsal stripe of engrailed expression is not associated with any morphological structure at this stage, but is in the middle of the dorsal metameric units, which also becomes obvious if one compares with figure 7 B and D. The location of the future ventral and dorsal tissue is marked (dorsal-ventral-dorsal or d-v-d). Note that the dorsal tissue is on the lateral part on both sides of the germ band at this stage; during dorsal closure these tissues fuse on the dorsal side to give rise to one dorsal tissue. The head segments are marked in the embryo in panel D, for details we refer to [4,6]. (A and B): embryo at stage 4.1, (C and D): embryo at stage 5 (staging see [4,6]). Panel A and C show the bright field micrograph of the in situ hybridisation staining; panel B and D show the epifluorescence image of the embryo in A and C, respectively, in which the nuclear DAPI staining becomes bright, and the in situ hybridisation staining appears dark due to quenching of the fluorescence. Abbreviations: d: dorsal; v: ventral; lb: labrum; oc: ocular segment; an: antennal segment; pmd: pre-mandibular segment; md: mandibular segment; mx: maxillary segment; p: post-maxillary segment; 1–7: ventral leg bearing segment 1–7. |
PMC1402290_F7_4831.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Expression of the wingless gene in the embryo of the millipede Glomeris marginata. Shown is the localisation of wingless transcripts via in situ hybridisation. The ventral wingless expression is located just anterior to the position of the engrailed stripe (see Fig 6). Dorsally, no wingless transcripts are detected. The asterisks mark the dorsal metameric units, which are the lateral plates of Dohle [4]. The location of the future ventral (v) and dorsal (d) tissue is marked, see also figure 6. (A and B): embryo at stage 4, (C and D): embryo at stage 4.1 (staging see [4,6]). Panel A and C show the bright field micrograph of the in situ hybridisation staining; panel B and D show the epifluorescence image of the embryo in A and C, respectively, in which the nuclear DAPI staining becomes bright, and the in situ hybridisation staining appears dark due to quenching of the fluorescence. Abbreviations: d: dorsal; v: ventral; lb: labrum; an: antennal segment; pmd: pre-mandibular segment; md: mandibular segment; mx: maxillary segment; p: post-maxillary segment; 1–6: ventral leg bearing segment 1–6, s: stomadeum. |
PMC1402290_F7_4829.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Expression of the wingless gene in the embryo of the millipede Glomeris marginata. Shown is the localisation of wingless transcripts via in situ hybridisation. The ventral wingless expression is located just anterior to the position of the engrailed stripe (see Fig 6). Dorsally, no wingless transcripts are detected. The asterisks mark the dorsal metameric units, which are the lateral plates of Dohle [4]. The location of the future ventral (v) and dorsal (d) tissue is marked, see also figure 6. (A and B): embryo at stage 4, (C and D): embryo at stage 4.1 (staging see [4,6]). Panel A and C show the bright field micrograph of the in situ hybridisation staining; panel B and D show the epifluorescence image of the embryo in A and C, respectively, in which the nuclear DAPI staining becomes bright, and the in situ hybridisation staining appears dark due to quenching of the fluorescence. Abbreviations: d: dorsal; v: ventral; lb: labrum; an: antennal segment; pmd: pre-mandibular segment; md: mandibular segment; mx: maxillary segment; p: post-maxillary segment; 1–6: ventral leg bearing segment 1–6, s: stomadeum. |
PMC1402290_F7_4828.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Expression of the wingless gene in the embryo of the millipede Glomeris marginata. Shown is the localisation of wingless transcripts via in situ hybridisation. The ventral wingless expression is located just anterior to the position of the engrailed stripe (see Fig 6). Dorsally, no wingless transcripts are detected. The asterisks mark the dorsal metameric units, which are the lateral plates of Dohle [4]. The location of the future ventral (v) and dorsal (d) tissue is marked, see also figure 6. (A and B): embryo at stage 4, (C and D): embryo at stage 4.1 (staging see [4,6]). Panel A and C show the bright field micrograph of the in situ hybridisation staining; panel B and D show the epifluorescence image of the embryo in A and C, respectively, in which the nuclear DAPI staining becomes bright, and the in situ hybridisation staining appears dark due to quenching of the fluorescence. Abbreviations: d: dorsal; v: ventral; lb: labrum; an: antennal segment; pmd: pre-mandibular segment; md: mandibular segment; mx: maxillary segment; p: post-maxillary segment; 1–6: ventral leg bearing segment 1–6, s: stomadeum. |
PMC1402290_F7_4830.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Expression of the wingless gene in the embryo of the millipede Glomeris marginata. Shown is the localisation of wingless transcripts via in situ hybridisation. The ventral wingless expression is located just anterior to the position of the engrailed stripe (see Fig 6). Dorsally, no wingless transcripts are detected. The asterisks mark the dorsal metameric units, which are the lateral plates of Dohle [4]. The location of the future ventral (v) and dorsal (d) tissue is marked, see also figure 6. (A and B): embryo at stage 4, (C and D): embryo at stage 4.1 (staging see [4,6]). Panel A and C show the bright field micrograph of the in situ hybridisation staining; panel B and D show the epifluorescence image of the embryo in A and C, respectively, in which the nuclear DAPI staining becomes bright, and the in situ hybridisation staining appears dark due to quenching of the fluorescence. Abbreviations: d: dorsal; v: ventral; lb: labrum; an: antennal segment; pmd: pre-mandibular segment; md: mandibular segment; mx: maxillary segment; p: post-maxillary segment; 1–6: ventral leg bearing segment 1–6, s: stomadeum. |
PMC1402290_F8_4826.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Dorsal engrailed stripes mark the forming tergite borders. Shown is an in situ hybridisation for engrailed in a stage 6 Glomeris embryo. At this stage the embryo rolls in (see leg pairs at ventral side in B) and it becomes clear that the dorsal stripes of engrailed expression are co-localised with the tergite borders. Panel A shows a bright field image of the in situ hybridisation staining, panel B shows an epifluorescence image of the same embryo, in which the nuclear DAPI staining becomes bright, and the in situ hybridisation staining appears dark due to quenching of the fluorescence. The future tergites are denoted with roman numbers (I–VI). |
PMC1402290_F8_4827.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Dorsal engrailed stripes mark the forming tergite borders. Shown is an in situ hybridisation for engrailed in a stage 6 Glomeris embryo. At this stage the embryo rolls in (see leg pairs at ventral side in B) and it becomes clear that the dorsal stripes of engrailed expression are co-localised with the tergite borders. Panel A shows a bright field image of the in situ hybridisation staining, panel B shows an epifluorescence image of the same embryo, in which the nuclear DAPI staining becomes bright, and the in situ hybridisation staining appears dark due to quenching of the fluorescence. The future tergites are denoted with roman numbers (I–VI). |
PMC1402293_F6_4838.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Fluorescence and contrast phase images of 10DIV cultures of forebrain foetus from 1 k-mTert-EGFP (A) and 5 k-mTert-EGFP (B) transgenic mice. |
PMC1402293_F6_4839.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Fluorescence and contrast phase images of 10DIV cultures of forebrain foetus from 1 k-mTert-EGFP (A) and 5 k-mTert-EGFP (B) transgenic mice. |
PMC1402293_F6_4836.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Fluorescence and contrast phase images of 10DIV cultures of forebrain foetus from 1 k-mTert-EGFP (A) and 5 k-mTert-EGFP (B) transgenic mice. |
PMC1402293_F6_4837.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Fluorescence and contrast phase images of 10DIV cultures of forebrain foetus from 1 k-mTert-EGFP (A) and 5 k-mTert-EGFP (B) transgenic mice. |
PMC1402295_F1_4843.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Ultrasound images of m. supraspinatus and m. vastus lateralis. Typical ultrasound images of m. supraspinatus and m. vastus lateralis, longitudinal and transversal scanning direction. |
PMC1402295_F1_4840.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Ultrasound images of m. supraspinatus and m. vastus lateralis. Typical ultrasound images of m. supraspinatus and m. vastus lateralis, longitudinal and transversal scanning direction. |
PMC1402295_F1_4842.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Ultrasound images of m. supraspinatus and m. vastus lateralis. Typical ultrasound images of m. supraspinatus and m. vastus lateralis, longitudinal and transversal scanning direction. |
PMC1402295_F1_4841.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Ultrasound images of m. supraspinatus and m. vastus lateralis. Typical ultrasound images of m. supraspinatus and m. vastus lateralis, longitudinal and transversal scanning direction. |
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