image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_3/PMC3759336_f3-0061167_228476.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Image analyses of the Dmdmdx/Largemyc model. (A) Radiography of the spine of the different models (Largemyd, Dmdmdx/Largemyd and Dmdmdx) at the age of 120 days. (B) Axial T2 weighted MRI of 2-month-old Largemyd, Dmdmdx/Largemyd and Dmdmdx mice, at the lower leg level. Solid arrows indicate affected regions; dashed arrows indicate the position of the lower leg bones, tibia and fibula. L, left side; R, right side. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05970.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Antero‐posterior and tracing methods to estimate lung volume. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3467280_pone-0046970-g001_159636.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Orthogonal views for segmenting the amygdala and hippocampus on MRI sections.A three-dimensional reconstruction of images (a) in which lines indicate the position of the horizontal plane (b), sagittal plane (c), and coronal plane (d) is shown. A, Amygdala; EC, entorhinal cortex; H, hippocampus; PU, putamen; TLV, temporal horn of the lateral ventricle; WM, subamygdaloid white matter. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvj90u4074ygr51ddwe.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Oesophagitis |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3818441_F4_241256.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Sequential computed tomography scans of pig No. 22 in Experiment 2. Pig No. 22 was infected with B. bronchiseptica at the age of 4 days (D0) and P. multocida at the age of 8 days (D4). Severe turbinate atrophy and nasal septum deviation (nasal lesion score 16–18) developed that progressed throughout the whole observation period. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4649276_F2_444805.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | a and b: the brain MRI study with sagittal and coronal plane. There is a signal change in the left frontal lobe as high signal intensity on T2 FLAIR with edema and minimal mass effect, assymetry of the left orbit compared to the right side. Small vessel ischemia and maxillo-ethmoidal sinusitis are noticed; c: ribbon like and aseptate hyphae in necrotic tissue (H&E stain, ×40) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4698722_f3_458525.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Within-Emotion Contrasts.Three-dimensional surface projections of activations (ex. PosImprov > PosChrom) and deactivations (ex. PosChrom > PosImprov) during improvisation for different emotion conditions. Results are from a random effects model, p < 0.005 with a 10 voxel cluster threshold. Improvisation was associated with perisylvian language area activations and supplementary motor area activations across emotions, as well as deactivations in the DLPFC, angular gyrus, and precuneus. The scale bar shows the range of t-scores; the axes demonstrate anatomic orientation. Abbreviations: A, anterior; P, posterior; R, right; L, left. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3288077_pone-0032326-g006_127628.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | MRI of labeled hAFCs. Representative pictures of MRI of healthy (A) and wobbler (B) mice one day before hAFC transplantation.Axial MRI analysis of the same healthy (C) and wobbler mice (D) at 1, 14 and 56 days after graft. For each panel, the coronal slices are indicative of different regions of the ventricular system including the site close to cell administration (L.V.), the region corresponding to the ventral hippocampus (HP), the region between the brainstem and the cerebellum (CB) and the cervical spinal cord region (S.C.). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2824845_fig1_57430.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Time-lapse imaging of YFP–CBP. HEK293 cells were transfected with 1 μg pEYFP–CBP expression plasmid. Image capture was initiated approximately 14 h post-transfection at 5 min intervals for 4 h. The images shown were deconvolved and merged to produce the composite images. The insets in the top left hand corner show a higher magnification of the selected region, highlighting the formation of CBP-containing nuclear bodies and their relative migration during the experiment. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2980485_pone-0013961-g006_78423.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Incorporation of HaloTag-IC into muNS-Mi inclusions in transfected cells.Monolayers of CEF were transfected with the plasmids expressing the proteins indicated on the left of the figure. After 24 h incubation at 37°C, the cells were incubated with the TMR ligand (red) and subsequently fixed and visualized with a fluorescence microscope. Nuclei were stained blue with DAPI. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3542011_F1_178328.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Formation of fragmented mitochondria at G2 phase. (A) Cells were synchronized and released at the indicated phase using the DTB method. Images were analyzed by confocal microcopy. Scale bars = 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3534218_F1_176423.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Patient 1 tumor biopsy consistent with the diagnosis of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Histology shows nests/cords of epithelioid cells embedded into a myxoid matrix (HandE) (panel A), characterized by diffuse pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3) cytoplasmic decoration (panel B) and PPARG nuclear expression (panel C). Panel D shows the FISH rearranged pattern for CHN, consisting in a fusion green/red signal, corresponding to an intact copy of the gene, and a split signal (red and green separated, white arrows) corresponding to the rearranged allele. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3123845_fig3_100603.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Upper GI study with gastrografin showing a gastrocutaneous fistula (arrow). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08172.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Computed tomography image: Parietal thickness of the esophagus |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_28650.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | MRI of the child showing cervical cord compression |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4589627_fig1_428811.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Cripto-1 expression in ESCC tumor samples. (a) Phase I, (b) phase II, (c) phase III, (d) phase IV, and (e) healthy control tissue. Arrow indicates CR-1+ cell. ×400 magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3262792_pone-0030051-g007_122762.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Morphological integrity of cells treated with chlorpromazine.Wild-type (panels A and B) and NPC1 line 93.59 cells (panels C and D) growing on cover slips in wells containing DME10 were fed FITC-Dextran (3 mg/ml) for 3 h at 37°C. 20 µM chlorpromazine was then added to two wells (panels B and D) and all were incubated for an additional hour at 37°C. The cells were fixed on ice for 30 min with 1% glutaraldehyde in PBS (pH 8); autoflorescence was quenched with 20 mM glycine in PBS for 5 min at 37°C and the cells rinsed and examined in a Zeiss Axiovert 100 fluorescence microscope. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_34222.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Angiographic picture of zigzag phenomenon exactly within stented segment, taken on October 28, 2009 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3359960_F6_139319.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Serial images of the surgical approach to the woman from Figure 5 who presented at 9-year old with MAS and extensive fibrous dysplasia complicated by growth hormone excess. A) The 3D model of the patient demonstrates the enlargement of the maxilla, mandible, and blockage of the nasal cavity by the FD at age 17 years. B) The left mandible was significantly contoured to more normal proportions. C) Aggressive contouring of the left maxilla as well as the opening of the occluded nasal cavity. D) The nasal trumpet (green) was necessary to maintain a patent passageway while healing from surgery. E&F) Intraoperative view of the surgically removed fibrous dysplastic bone. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03928.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | CT scan revealing expansion of buccal and lingual cortical plates, displacement of teeth # 12, and multiple foci of calcifications. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyndod0086ubxtigz32.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3432226_F6_152795.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | A 56-year-old man presented with fever and blurred vision. He was found to have diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and high creatinine level. (A) Abdominal radiograph shows multiple stones (arrows) in the left side of the abdomen which are lower than the normal renal position and nonvisualised right renal outline in the right renal fossa. US abdomen (not shown) showed no kidney in the right side and left hydronephrosis. (B) RP shows right crossed kidney with nonrotation and hydronephrosis (black arrow), and moderate hydronephrosis. The left ureter is laterally deviated with nonvisualised left kidney due to obstructed stone which is seen as a filling defect (white arrow). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4382022_pone.0121342.g003_374091.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Axial PET images of 18F-FCWAY (upper) and 18F-Mefway (lower).Time-averaged images using dynamic PET images of 20–40, 60–80, and 80–100 minute, respectively. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_55463.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | The handmade monorail microcatheter captures the stretched coil and the snare as one unit. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_2673.jpg | Where is this from? | heart |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic20989.jpg | what is abnormal in the mri? | colloid (neuroepithelial) cyst of the third ventricle |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_intestine/train_1610.jpg | Is amyloid angiopathy r. endocrine present? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4079178_F2_302814.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | MRI images. A: axial T2-weighted image; B: axial FLAIR sequence. Diffuse high signal intensity of both cerebellar hemispheres with prevalence on the right lobe (black arrows). C: axial T1-weighted image after administration of paramagnetic contrast: pial disomogeneus contrast-enhancement of both cerebellar hemispheres, more evident on the right lobe (white arrows). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3524249_pone-0049767-g007_173937.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Electron photomicrographs showing mitochondria localization in rat peritoneal mast cells and human mtDNA presence in rat serum.Male rat peritoneal mast cells (A) control with intact electron dense granules and mitochondria inside the cell. (B, C) after C48/80 stimulation showing (B) intense degranulation (*) with most mitochondria at the cell surface close to sites of exocytosis (Magnification: 13,800×), and (C) extracellular mitochondria outside the cell perimeter (Magnification: 4,500×). Mitochondria is shown within red rectangles. (D) Presence of human mitochondria in rat serum following ip injection in male rats (n = 4). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4469768_fig4_397442.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Different medical images to fuse. (a and e) show CT and MRI images of brain. (b and f) show B ultrasound and SPECT images of thyroid tumor. (c and g) show CT and MRI images of several focal lesions. (d and h) show T1-MRI and T2-MRI images that involved the lesion in the frontal lobe. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0463.jpg | What is subepidermal with regeneration of the epidermis at the periphery? | bulla containing eosinophilis |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05852.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | CT scan image following endograft removal and open repair, demonstrating widely patent proximal anastomosis, aortic graft, and distal anastomosis. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_09531.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Dose distribution in HDR brachytherapy plan- absolute dose per fraction |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3817735_pharmaceuticals-06-00960-f005_241093.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | S5-DBD-PA interferes with the nuclear translocation of Stat5 upon prolactin induction. (a) Stat5-activation in T-47D breast cancer cells stimulated with Prl. (b) Immunofluorescent images of lentiviral transduced T-47D cells either expressing S5-DBD-PA or hTRX were taken 7 days after infection by confocal laser scanning microscopy in the absence or presence of Prl. Cells were stained with a Flag-tag antibody, marked with a Alexa 546 conjugated secondary antibody, and a Alexa 647 conjugated antibody recognizing tyrosine phosphorylated Stat5a and Stat5b. Nuclear staining was performed with DAPI and fluorescence marker (eGFP) expression of the SiEW-lentiviral transfer vector was monitored. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_60283.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Case 2: Portable abdominal radiograph in neonatal intensive care unit. Narrow sacrosciatic notches, medial acetabular roof spurs with flat acetabulae, flat square iliac wings, and mildly bowed proximal femora can be retrospectively identified. Note arrow on sacrosciatic notch which is difficult to see with overlying lines. Spine changes are not visible. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_3019.jpg | Does this image show glioma? | yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03497.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Axial computed tomography of the thorax showing right-sided empyema and destruction of T11 vertebral body due to discitis and paraspinal abscess |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4083861_F3_303848.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Expression of Pax, Six and Eya genes in adult sponges. A-C; SciPaxB is expressed in all choanocytes and a fraction of mesohyle cells. D-F, SciSixA and G-I, SciEya, are expressed in choanocytes of the radial chambers, but not choanocytes located in the upper region remaining in asconoid organization. A, D and G are upper parts of whole young sponges, B, E and H are magnifications of radial chambers, C, F and I are plastic sections through the radial chambers. Abbreviations: me, mesohyl cells; ch, choanocytes; arrows indicate strongest expression. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3812098_pntd-0002352-g002_239856.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Chest radiography in supine position showing a change of position of the fungus ball. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4444797_Fig4_389905.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. |
a, b: Haemorrhagic renal cyst (arrow) in the right kidney in a patient undergoing long-term haemodialysis. The cyst appears hypointense on T2-weighted MR sequences (a) and hyperintense on T1-weighted MR sequences (b) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4506575_Fig1_407299.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. |
a, b Computed Tomographic (CT) coronary angiography. Low-density tumorous mass (50 mm in diameter) at the level of auricle of the right atrium. c, d Transesophageal echocardiography. Tumor in the auricle of the right atrium, spreading toward superior vena cava |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05244.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Flair MRI revealing moderate-severe lesions in white matter. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0891.jpg | Where is admixture of mature lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils and eosinophils and classic RS cells? | in the centre of the field |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3552990_F3_180895.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Carotid ultrasonography showed that the diameters of bilateral common carotid artery were normal. A hypoechoic mass with irregular contour was observed at the right common carotid artery. The size of the mass was about 29 × 7mm, with heteroechogenicity. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3524075_f1-etm-05-01-0271_173726.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Different computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen prior to surgery. This revealed left hydronephrosis and a parapelvic cyst, with no visible stones in the middle and distal segments of the double ureter, and little fluid accumulation in the pelvic cavity. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwymdobo086u84xteqsm.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4603908_Fig2_432898.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Scanning electron micrographs of two small fiber models taken parallel to the substrate at the same magnification. a The 2 × 2 pattern has the smaller diameter fibers and the highest density of fibers at 25 per 100 μm2. b The 5 × 5 mold has larger diameter fibers and a density of 4 fibers per 100 μm2. Scale bars are 20 μm |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic14954.jpg | what is abnormal in the ct scan? | right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2758671_pone-0007406-g007_47461.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | The first 474 amino acids of TgICMAP1 are important for intra-conoid MT association in T. gondii.Interphase parasites expressing eGFP fusions (green) of full-length TgICMAP1 (A), TgICMAP11–474 (B), and TgICMAP1455–1231 (C) were labeled with anti-IMC1 antibody (red). EGFP-TgICMAP11–474 is localized to the intra-conoid MTs (green arrows). However, it displays stronger localization to the basal complex (inset) in comparison to eGFP-TgICMAP1. Its cytoplasmic pool is also more prominent than that of eGFP-TgICMAP1. eGFP -TgICMAP1455–1231 is localized predominantly to the nucleus and cytosol. The insets are at 2.5× magnification. Scale bars = 2 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2630304_F1_33077.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | a) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and glandular structures (H & E; original magnification 400×); b) immunostaining showing neoplastic cells positive for CD20 (original magnification 400×). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4593691_RSOS150341F1_429768.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Left: examples of the stimuli. Middle left: the AOIs marked in different colours, object area in red and the whole image area in blue in the pixel stimulus. Middle right: an example of a dog's scan paths; and right: an example of a human's scan paths to the stimuli. The circles represent fixations and the lines trace the path that the eye travelled across the image. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3266925_pone-0030365-g009_123702.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Identification of BrdU+ cells.
A) Müller glia cells (green) are proliferating in the INL after seven days of HS (white arrowheads). B) The vast majority of BrdU+ cells in control and transgenic fish in the GCL colocalize with the pan-leukocyte marker L-Plastin (white arrowhead). C) BrdU+ cells in the INL and ONL do not colocalize with L-Plastin in seven days HS control fish (white arrows). D) BrdU+ cells in the INL do not colocalize with L-Plastin in transgenic heat shocked fish (white arrows). Scale bar = 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4398441_pone.0122454.g003_378409.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | BF, BV and CL maps from control subjects and the three groups of UUO.The perfusions of both kidneys were uniform in control subjects and renal cortex showed an intact red ring. For UUO patients, BF, BV and CL maps showed dilation of collecting system in the obstructed kidney (arrow) and normal contralateral kidney. The renal cortex from obstructed kidney was less continuous and local yellow or blue areas were observed in the perfusion maps. BF, blood flow; BV, blood volume; CL, clearance. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3775740_pone-0073643-g004_232005.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Confocal photomicroscope images of human hepatoma cells (HepG2) and rat insulinoma cells (RIN-5F) in Euro Collins-solutions containing 0.4 mg/ml of BSA (A), AFPIII (B and C), and AFPI (D) labeled with fluorescence.The images A and B show the slice data of 1 µm-width of HepG2, and A’ and B’ an intact cell images synthesized by stacking of the slices. These 4 images were reproduced from [22] with permission. The images C and D are the slice data for RIN-5F cells. All the images were captured after 1 h-preservation at 37°C. Accumulation of AFPIII on the cell-surface is more evident compared with BSA. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3711780_F3_217827.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | GP73 protein expression in gastric tumorous tissues and adjacent non-tumorous mucosal tissues. A) Strong expression of GP73 in non-tumorous tissues. B) Weak expression of GP73 in gastric tumorous tissues. C) Moderate expression of GP73 in gastric tumorous tissues. D) Strong expression of GP73 in gastric tumorous tissues. a,b,c,d: original magnification 100×. A,B,C,D: original magnification 200×. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3922636_F3_266690.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | In vivo trans-synaptic transfer of WT Tau protein. LVs encoding V5-hTau46WT were bilaterally injected into the CA1 layer (IS; bregma -5.3) of rat brains (n = 3 rats per group). One, three and five months later, the animals were sacrificed, and the whole brains were processed for immunohistochemical analysis using an antibody to total V5-Tau. Sections from the prelimbic or orbital cortex (bregma +4.7), the olfactory bulb (bregma +5.2) and the CA1 (bregma -5.3, IS) are shown. The scale bars are indicated on the figure. These data showed that V5-hTau46WT is transported from primary to secondary neurons in a time-dependent manner. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_19859.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Intraoperative radiograph. Intraoperative stress view of the left elbow demonstrating valgus laxity. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4351096_pone.0119041.g004_364543.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image |
Salmonella-mediated plasmid delivery into CEF.CEF were infected with Salmonella strains each carrying a plasmid encoding EGFP or mCherry under regulation of a CMV promoter. As a control, CEF were incubated with a mixture of χ9052 and pYA4336 DNA. At 24 h post infection, the cells were fixed and then stained with DAPI to show the nucleus (blue). Fluorescence by EGFP (green) and mCherry (red) were recorded under a fluorescence microscope. Strain number and the harbored plasmid are given under each panel. χ8276: Δasd; χ8901: Δalr ΔdadB; χ9052: ΔalrΔdadB Δasd; χ9834: Δalr ΔdadB Δasd ΔrecA. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0550.jpg | What shows a prominent atypical mitotic figure ? | photomicrograph |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4248422_fig5_340398.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Radiograph showing two different instruments (“H” file and Reamer) in two canals in 41 and 42. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4382706_f5_374257.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | CQWs for reverse oxygen-sensing luminescent varnishes.Photographs and 3D surface intensity plots of a film of CdSe CQWs at (a) 1 bar O2 pressure and (b) 5 × 10−4 bar vacuum under 3.1 eV excitation, showing the about one order of magnitude stronger luminescence in atmospheric conditions with respect to vacuum. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4511728_pone.0133494.g007_408475.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Adipose tissue IL-6R/IL-6 expression correlates with the local expression of signature inflammatory mediators.The protein expression (intensity shown by arrows) of TNF-α, MCP-1, and IP-10 was detected in the adipose tissue samples from lean, overweigh, and obese individuals by immunohistochemistry (IHC). As revealed by representative (IHC) photomicrographs (100× magnification), expression of (A) TNF-α, (B) MCP-1, and (C) IP-10 was found to be markedly increased in overweight and obese adipose tissue samples as compared with lean tissue samples. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2641017_pone-0004518-g007_34372.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation |
Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs showed an abrogated in vivo pluripotency.
In vivo pluripotential competence of Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs was evaluated by teratoma formation analysis. Cdk2ap1+/+ or Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs were transplanted into the testis of SCID mice in duplicate as described by Conway et al. (29). After 4 weeks, tumors were extracted and subjected to fixation and sectioning. The slides were stained with H&E and examined under bright field microscope. A. Gross examination of teratoma sections from Cdk2ap1+/+ and Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs (×4 magnification). B. Specified three lineages committed from Cdk2ap1+/+ mESCs. C. A restricted commitment of Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs to a certain mesoderm lineage. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3275555_pone-0030605-g006_125022.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Invadopodia protrude into the matrix in CIA.(A) MDA-MB-231 cells completely embedded in collagen I also show similar elongated morphology as in CIA. Staining of N-WASP or cortactin (green) and actin (red) show that N-WASP and filamentous actin containing structures resembling invadopodia (white arrowheads) are also present in cells migrating in a pure 3D environment. Scale bar 20 µm. (B) Z-stack projection showing invadopodia-like structures (arrowheads) localize to various positions, including the front of the invading pseudopods facing upward into the Matrigel and at the periphery and dorsal surface. Staining shows N-WASP (green), actin (red) and DAPI (blue) or cortactin (blue). See also Movie S8. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3419124_F1_149741.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | CMR quantification of cardiac output. The modulus image (A) is used for anatomical delineation of the aorta (black circle) and measurement is performed in the corresponding phase image (B). Cardiac output can be calculated by quantifying stroke volume as the integral of the resulting flow curve (C) and multiplying with heart rate. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1175.jpg | Does this image show lung, mycobacterium tuberculosis, acid fast? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2942802_F2_74079.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Expression of Slug, Twist, Snail and E-cadherin in human bladder cancer and bankground tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Staining of Snail(A), Slug(B), and Twist(C) was found in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus of tumor cells. Magnification, ×200. E-cadherin (D)expression was identified in the cell membrane and intensive in the cytoplasm. Magnification, ×200. No expression of Slug in bankground tissue(E), strong of Twist and Snail expression in bankground tissue (F-G). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4658329_FIG1_447437.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Vertebral Artery Imaging Before and After Pipeline DeploymentPanel A, sagittal computed tomography angiography showing a non-union C2 odontoid fracture. Panels B and C, the lateral and anterior-posterior (AP) view of the left vertebral artery angiography, respectively. The white arrows are pointing to the pseudoaneurysm at the left V3 segment. Panels D and E show a deployed Pipeline in lateral and AP projections across the pseudoaneurysm, respectively (black arrows). The white arrow in panel E points to the stagnation of the blood flow inside the pseudoaneurysm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3639923_F3_202182.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Particle uptake in the upper transwell cell layer. Ag-NPs were found in the upper cell layer of the transwell membrane (A) and in cells crossing the transwell insert (B) as aggregates inside vesicles at 24 h post-exposure (scale bar = 2 μm). Overall cell morphology upon Ag-NP exposure was similar to untreated control. A’ and B’ represent a higher magnification of the black marked box of the opposing picture (scale bar = 500 nm). B’ reveals particle agglomerates inside a multilamellar body. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2766692_F3_48574.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | MR (A, B) and CT-discography (C) images of a 56 year-old woman with extremely severe radiating pain on the left side. The MR images (A, B) did not clearly show if the patient had an LDH at L5-S1 (arrow-heads). The interpretations of the three observers were negative, negative, and positive on the first reading session and negative, negative, and negative during the second. CT-discography (C) revealed an extrafor-aminal herniation at L5-S1 (arrowhead). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3815236_F4_240776.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | SEM imaging of corrosion casted control trachea. (A) External surface showing longitudinal vessels (LV) that give off circumferential branches (CB) connected by vertical branches (VB) that course deeply to form a dense capillary plexus. (B) The lumenal surface is an interconnected mesh of capillaries with vessel buds, sprouts, and intussusceptions. Hypoxic or degenerative features are not visible. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4467420_F2_396858.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | The esophagi of 4-NQO/Untr and 4-NQO/EtOH treated mice display changes in the location of E-cadherin protein and increases in canonical Wnt signaling(A-D) Representative IHC images showing E-cadherin (A), β-catenin (B), Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) (C), and S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4) (D) positive cells from the V.C./Untr., V.C./EtOH, 4-NQO/Untr., and 4-NQO/EtOH experimental groups. Each image is representative of 3 mice from each experimental group (magnification 200x; 50 μm scale bars). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4553159_F6_418706.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | The PAS staining showed glycogen storage in the hepatogenic-treated cells cultured in both conditions, expanded from 3D spheroids (A) and conventional monolayer (C), whereas the control cultures were not PAS positive (B and D). HepG2 cell line was used as positive control (E). The positive control was also stained with PAS. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4347452_F1_363605.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | MRI preprocessing: the T1 images were (A) registered to the ICBM 152 template with a 12-parameter linear transformation, (B) RF inhomogeneity corrected and skull stripped, (C) tissue segmented and gray and white matter surfaces created and (D) tissue partial volumes estimated. Cortical thickness was measured as the distance between the white and gray surfaces in native space. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4397060_pbio.1002116.g006_378107.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | The translocon protein SseB is released from the Salmonella surface over time, and acidification is required.
(A) WT Salmonella were electroporated with unlabeled I-switch, recovered, and used for infection in RAW264.7 macrophages for various indicated times. 25 nM BAF (B), or an equal volume of DMSO, was used to pre-treat the macrophages for 30 min prior to infection and was maintained throughout the infection time. The cells were fixed, permealized, and stained for Salmonella LPS (green) and translocon protein SseB (red). Scale bar, 3 μm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic40318.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | acute pancreatitis |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1781526_F7_9024.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Qualitative co-localization of DNA and RNA through simultaneous imaging of RNA and DNA. Rat embryo fibroblasts were pulsed with 15N-uridine and BrdU as markers of newly synthesized RNA and DNA, respectively. (a,b) Parallel mass images at (a) 12C15N- and (b) 81Br-. (c) Overlay of 12C15N- and 81Br- images. 12C15N- is depicted as red (R) and 81Br- as green (G); the overlap between them shows up as yellow. (d) Overlay of 12C14N- and 12C15N- images. 12C14N- is depicted as red (R) and 12C15N- as green (G); the overlap between them shows up as yellow. Conditions of MIMS analysis: beam current 2pA; beam diameter 100 nm; field 20 × 20 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glhs4gj071ubt4b5sfv.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_24523.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Post operative OPG |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic50387.jpg | was gi contrast given to the patient? | no |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_52718.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with mural nodule (histologically, high-grade dysplasia). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic24476.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | left ventricular aneurysm |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4337651_fig2s1_361291.jpg | What is shown in this image? | GFP fluorescence of additional colonies with either HMLα::cre, HMRα::cre, or No cre grown in the presence or absence of 5 mM nicotinamide (NAM).Scale bar, 2 mm.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05007.005 |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC1784113_F4_9151.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Microscopic appearance of rat thyroid after bone marrow cell transplant. A. Group I H + E. 10 weeks after left intra ventricular transplantation. B. Group II H + E. 10 weeks after direct intra thyroid transplantation. C. Group III H+E. (Positive Controls). D. Group IV H + E. (Negative Controls). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4642755_Fig9_443479.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Intravital fluorescence images of subcutaneous pancreatic tumors in mice injected with empty droplets (a and b) or PTX-loaded 1 % PFCE/5 % PEG-PDLA droplets (c and d) 6 h before and three days after ultrasound therapy (50 s exposure in a circle of 4-mm diameter, 1 MHz frequency, acoustic intensity of 54 W/cm2), and photographs of the tumors taken 12 days after the treatment (e and f), with courtesy of [64] |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4196919_pone-0109770-g004_327774.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | DRG neurons adhesion and growth on electrospun fibroin nanofibers.SEM observation of DRG cells adhering on nanofibers (A) and establishing tight contact (B and C). BIII tubulin staining of neurons growing on random (D) and aligned (E) nanofibers. BIII tubulin (red) and actin (green) of neuron growth cones on random (F) and aligned (G) nanofibers. Image acquisition performed after 5 days of culture. Scale bars: A 10µm, B 5µm, C 2µm, D, E, F and G 10µm. Images A, B and C have been recolored for sake of clarity. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_73048.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Coronal magnetic resonance imaging image showing large parathyroid adenoma |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4414359_Fig5_381905.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Images of tuber starch granules from wild-type and transgenically modified potato tubers. (A) Brightfield. (B) Brightfield, starch stained with I2/KI. (C) Polarised light. (D) Differential interference contrast. (E) Variable pressure scanning electron microscopy. (F) Optical section of starch fluorescently labelled with APTS taken using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Lines used were WT898, 1041–3 and 1047–17. The scale bar (in panel A) for light microscopy pictures (A–D) represents 100 μm, and for the scanning electron microscopy (E) represents 40 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4338912_F3_361764.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | PVTT CT perfusion images before and after Endostar treatment. Note: PVTT Pre-treatment TBF (Figure 3-A), TBV (Figure 3-B), PS (Figure 3-C); PVTT post-treatment TBF (3-D), TBV (Figure 3-E), PS (Figure 3-F). Figure 3-A, 3-D tumor region demonstrated high blood perfusion state (red), Figure 3-B, 3-E tumor region showed high blood perfusion state (red), Figure 3-C, 3-F tumor region demonstrated high blood perfusion state (red). Post-treatment perfusion parameters were significantly lower than those at baseline. There was no notable change on tumor size. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_prostate/train_2516.jpg | Is 70yof present? | no |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3226628_pone-0028207-g005_117525.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | The length of hydrophobic amino acids in the TMD is important for GOLPH2 Golgi retention.
A. Mutations used in the present study. Hydrophobic residues were deleted from or added to the TMD of GOLPH2-Δ(III–IV–V), and the amino acid sequences of the mutants are indicated. B. Cellular localizations of fusion proteins. The mutant plasmids were transfected into HeLa cells, and cellular localizations were viewed using a confocal microscope. Endogenous GOLPH2 was probed by anti-GOLPH2 mAb as a Golgi localization marker (red fluorescence). Merged images show the colocalization of endogenous GOLPH2 and mutants. Bars, 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4382992_f2_374310.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Microscopic characterization of mesoporous Au films.(a,b) Top-surface SEM images of mesoporous Au film prepared with a typical electrolyte containing PS18000-b-PEO7500 micelles and 3 ml THF as solvent. The deposition time is 1,000 s. (c–e) Top-surface SEM images of mesoporous Au films prepared with three electrolytes containing PS18000-b-PEO7500 micelles and different THF amounts ((c) 1 ml, (d) 2 ml and (e) 3 ml, respectively). (f–h) Highly magnified TEM images of mesoporous Au film prepared with a typical electrolyte containing PS18000-b-PEO7500 micelles and 3 ml THF as solvent. The assignment of crystal lattices is shown in Supplementary Fig. 5. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3108980_pone-0020786-g003_98037.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Uptake of csPcs by two different Leishmania stages.[A–C] Promastigotes and [A′–C′] axenic amastigotes were pre-loaded with 10 µM csPcs 14, 15 or 3.5, respectively. DIC, Differential interference. Fluorescence, Pc intracellular fluorescence. Scale bar = 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4380447_pntd.0003666.g005_373621.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Confocal microscopy analysis of splenic explants infected with HSP70+L. infantum amastigotes.A) Differential Interference Contrast (DIC). B) HSP70+L. infantum emitting infrared fluorescence. C) DAPI staining of nucleic acids. D) Merged images. Microscopy images were acquired with a Zeiss LSM710 confocal microscope. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4640873_pone.0141654.g006_442943.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Motor reversal moments determined by video microscopy.Typical motor reversal events are displayed in (A-D), where the green and red arrows indicate the forward and backward swimming directions, and the cross is a stationary reference point. In (A, B), the transition is CCW→CW and in (C, D), the transition is CW→CCW. Note that for CW→CCW transitions, despite a large angular displacement, the translational motion of the cell body can be delayed as delineated by the 3rd and 4th frames in (D). The changes in the swimming directions along with the changes in the cell-body orientation allow the moment of the motor reversal event to be determined. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qj1exj08326vlp9nev.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | White, Pink, Yellow |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4216847_Fig1_332267.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. |
MRI images of seminal vesicle recurrence. (A) T2-weighted image demonstrated a low-intensity area in the bottom of seminal vesicle. (B, C) Dynamic MRI also demonstrated a recurrence of seminal vesicle because of an intensive enhancement in early phase and a washed-out in late phase. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz8dovw086u05yk7u55.jpg | What is the size of the polyp? | 5-10mm |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC1421418_F5_4980.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | 3D FEM models at systole for the three data sets. (a) patient 1, (b) patient 2, (c) and (d) patient 3 at two different time steps in the cardiac cycle. Here a smoothing factor [13] of 20 and a decimation factor [13] of 20 were applied in order to obtain FEM models with a reasonable number of FEM triangles for further processing. 3D FEM model of the same data set as in Figures 3 and 4. The three planes (some with level sets) for each spatial direction show the cutting planes through the model. No smoothing or decimation was applied. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3411834_pone-0042653-g006_148492.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Morphologic changes in the derivative clones during colony formation.The morphology of a derivative colony was followed during the cloning process, growing from a single well of a 96-well plate to a single well of 24-well plate, to a single well of a 6-well plate, and to a 10 cm dish. For each view, a phase contrast image (top) and red fluorescence image (bottom) are shown. All the images are shown at 100× magnification. |
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