image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_5/PMC4667281_f2_449579.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the whole mouse body in less than 12-minutes using a 7T mouse MRI scanner equipped with a homemade RF coil enabling serial imaging with 200-μm isotropic spatial resolution.The example of image dataset shown compares different organ and body regions prior and following single injection of Mangradex at 25 mg/kg. (A) the upper body including the head, neck, heart and lungs; (B) slice re-orientation obtained from the same lung and heart area described in (A); (C) the section covering the lung and liver region; (D) a coronal view from the lower abdominal region that includes the kidneys and the spleen. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4358814_jcm-03-01302-f006_367144.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Quantitative fundus autofluorescence (qAF) in healthy human eyes. Short-wavelength fundus AF images (top row) and corresponding color-coded qAF images (bottom row) at the ages indicated. Lower qAF values are coded in blue and higher qAF values as orange (color scale). Fundus autofluorescence intensities increase with age and the highest levels occur in superior-temporal fundus. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4603009_F3_432569.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Microscopic and immunohistochemical features of primary hepatic tumors that should be differentiated from hepatic adenomas and adenoma-like tumors. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3783497_pone-0075638-g004_233715.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Skull phenotype.(A) Dome-shaped skull present in the case of 16-day-old CKO mouse; (B) dome-shaped skull and tooth malocclusion in 16-wk-old differentially stained skull (C) differentially stained skull base of 4-day old mice showing premature fusion of sphenooccipital synchondroses, SOS, black asterisk, and basioccipital-exoccipital synchondroses, BES, [black arrow], in case of CKO (sph: spheno-occipital bone, occ: occipital bone, exo: exo-occipital bone). These observations were made with n=4 animals in each case. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qw1fdj08321tzt169d.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris is |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3654276_fig3_204480.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Axial nonenhanced (a) and contrast enhanced (b, c) images show accessory spleens in three different patients. In (a), a 51-year-old male patient has three accessory spleens which are located at splenic hilum and anterior to the spleen. In (b), a 59-year-old male patient has an accessory spleen located at the lateral aspect of the spleen (arrow). In (c), a 50-year-old male patient has an anteriorly located accessory spleen; note its vascular supply originating from splenic artery (arrowhead). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3893142_pone-0084924-g003_258804.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Phoma leaf spot symptoms produced in controlled conditions.Phoma leaf spot symptoms on leaves of doubled haploid lines A30 (susceptible) or C119 (with quantitative resistance) inoculated with conidia or ascospores of Leptosphaeria maculans. Lesions on leaves of A30 at 15 days post inoculation (dpi) with conidia (A) or 10 dpi with ascospores (B); lesions on leaves of A30 (C) and C119 (D) at 22 dpi; symptomless growth of GFP-expressing L. maculans (isolate ME24/3.13) along a leaf vein towards the petiole of A30 viewed with brightfield illumination (E-1) or a GFP filter (E-2) at 18 dpi. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_10565.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Arrow pointing to air in the gall bladder showing emphysematous cholecystitis. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwy7dnrc086uh0a2e7sg.jpg | Where in the image is the instrument? | Center, Upper-left, Center-left, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4274904_F11_346390.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Evaluation of DANI on Patient 6 with right frontal FCD. Results are presenting most salient stability changes observed in Cmapn followed by a t-map of the BOLD response to epileptic discharges and a postsurgical FLAIR MRI, all resampled in the native anatomical MRI space of the patient. Most salient stability changes observed for Cmapn of Visual, Cerebellum, and Sensory Motor networks are presented. The Visual and Cerebellum networks were also involved in significant interactions of modularity changes at p < 0.001. Same colormap conventions than in Figure 6. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2443155_F1_25085.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | A computed tomography scan of the chest shows the main pulmonary artery was obstructed circumferentially. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3551930_pone-0053960-g001_180590.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | HCC with increased 18F-FDG uptake on a pretransplant PET scan and b PET-CT scan were classified as PET +. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3211852_F3_114920.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | FETEM and HRTEM images of silver nanoparticles. (a) FETEM image of silver nanoparticles. (b) High-resolution image of a single silver nanoparticle and inset shows SAED pattern for the same. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_uterus/train_1859.jpg | What is present ? | female reproductive |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4366399_pone.0120059.g003_369697.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Relationship between CCR4 expression and invasive behaviors of gastric cancer cells.CCR4 expression was low in less aggressive and well-differentiated cancer cells (A), whereascytoplasmic CCR4 expression was high in highly invasive cancer cells, including those with muscle invasion (B), vascular penetration (C) and nerve invasion (D). Magnification, ×400. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4174593_fig1_322415.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | MRI sella showing left pituitary microadenoma. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3501950_fig11_166900.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Real (1st and 3rd row) and virtual (2nd and 4th row) angiograms of phantom data for different time steps, which are denoted below the images. t = 0 s corresponds to the respective beginning of the DSA sequence. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2673042_pmed-1000068-g005_37754.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | DEAR1 is a dominant regulator of acinar morphogenesis in HMECs.(A) Western analysis of shRNA control clones (C1 and C2) and shRNA knockdown clones (sh1, sh2, and sh3). (B) Confocal images of 3D cultures of control clones (C1 and C2) and DEAR1-knockdown clones (sh1, sh2, and sh3) showing representative acinus stained with alpha6-integrin (red), caspase 3 (green), or DAPI (blue), which shows the clear lumen in controls as opposed to shRNA knockdown clones (B i, ii, and iii are results at day 16; iv is at day 22). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2788470_F0001_52451.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | CT scan shows large irregular solid heterogenous enhancing mass in the right lobe of liver |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0661.jpg | What does dermatomyositis show? | prominent perifascicular and paraseptal atrophy |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3578790_pone-0057547-g008_186948.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Subcellular localisation of MYB44 and phospho variants.A) Tobacco leaves were infiltrated with Agrobacteria carrying DNA constructs for the expression of MYB44 or its constitutively (non) phosphorylated variants S145A and S145D. YFP fluorescence of fusion proteins was documented 5d post-infiltration. top line: brightfield/UV overlay; bottom line: UV image B) Transient expression of above constructs in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts, monitored by confocal microscopy. top: brightfield; bottom UV image |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_18212.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Pleural effusion while being on carbimazole. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3654851_f4_204575.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Ocular characteristics and systemic anomalies of patient II:2. Slit lamp photographs showed iris hypoplasia and posterior embryotoxon (black arrows) in both eyes, but Haab’s striae were observed only in the right eye (A, B). Gonioscopy showed open angles in both eyes with anterior insertion of the iris into the trabecular meshwork, prominent iris processes, and broad-based synechiae at places in both eyes (C, D). Physical examination revealed hypertelorism, telecanthus, a flat face, and a flat broad nasal bridge (E, F). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2360231_fig1_21079.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | (A, B) Immunohistochemistry of HSP27 showing equal staining intensity in the primary lesion (A) and the liver metastasis (B), since the gene expression was as well equal in the array ( × 200 magnification). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3347596_F5_136873.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image |
Advantages of QDs for immunohistochemical assays. A – Specimens with different HER2 IHC scores detected by QD-IHC (A) and by conventional IHC using peroxidase (B). Preservation of QD fluorescence and photobleaching on day 2 (C) and day 75 (D). Scale bar 100 µm. Adapted by permission from Elsevier: [Biomaterials] (Chen C, Peng J, Xia H, Yang G, Wu Q, Chen L, Zeng L, Zhang Z, Pang D, Li Y. Biomaterials. 2009 30:2912-2918), copyright (2009).
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splits/subfolder_5/PMC3606738_fig5_194230.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Histological and immunohistochemical examination of the pulmonary mass. (a) Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrating spindle cells sprinkled, with a predominance of plasma cells and lymphocytes (original magnification ×200). (b) immunohistochemical staining showing strong reactivity for vimentin (original magnification ×400). (c) Immunohistochemical staining showing strong reactivity for α-smooth muscle actin (original magnification ×400). (d) Immunohistochemical staining showing weak immunoreactivity of the tumor cells for Ki-67 (original magnification ×400). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3712708_cancers-04-00821-f010_218057.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Immunohistochemical staining of stromal and epithelial components in the biopsy and OCICx xenografts. IHC staining in the Biopsy 23 and Biopsy 3 respectively smooth muscle actin (SMA); collagen IV (coll IV); AE1AE3 cytokeratin in parallel sections. 15× Magnification. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4360923_Fig17_367983.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image |
Comparison of experiment results on T2-weighted MRI. (a) original MRI, (b) noisy MRI with 17% Rician noise, (c) results of the original NLM filter, (d) results of the UNLM with squared magnitude transformation, (e) results of the PSNLM1 with median filter, (f) results of the PSNLM1 with Gaussian filter, (g) results of the PSNLM1 with anisotropic filter, (h) results of the UNLM with VST, (i) results of the PSNLM2 with median filter, (j) results of the PSNLM2 with Gaussian filter, (k) results of the PSNLM2 with anisotropic filter. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3922991_Fig2_266812.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. |
H-E staining showing both thyroid follicles in the down left part and tumor cells in the upper right part, original magnification ×100.
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data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1587.jpg | What does this image show? | gejunum |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_52080.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Cable externalization in patient 1. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1887.jpg | What is labeled granulosa cell tumor? | this good yellow color slide |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4180957_Fig1_323994.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see |
Comparison between (left) 2-dimensional late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging (typical voxel size 2.9 × 1.9 × 6 mm) and (right) corresponding high-resolution 3D LGE imaging (voxel size 1.3 × 1.3 × 1.3 mm) in a patient with surgically corrected Tetralogy of Fallot. White arrows indicate region of surgical infundibulotomy scar with improved characterization of the thin surgical scar being apparent using 3D LGE imaging. Yellow arrows indicate inferior RV insertion site fibrosis. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3195697_F1_112033.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | RBM3 expression in normal prostatic epithelium, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and in prostate cancer. Immunohistochemical images of RBM3 expression in (A) normal prostatic epithelium, (B) prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive prostate cancer, ranging from (C) high, (D) moderate, (E) weak to (F) negative expression. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4301558_f2-ol-09-02-0691_351860.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Immunohistochemical staining revealed (A) laryngeal mucosa with diffuse lymphocytic infiltration (stain, HE; magnification, ×40), and (B) lymphoepithelial lesions (stain, HE; magnification, ×100). Neoplastic lymphoid cells were negative for (C) CD5 (stain, HE; magnification, ×40), (D) CD10 (stain, HE; magnification, ×40) and (E) CD23 (stain, HE; magnification, ×100), positive for (F) CD43 (stain, HE; magnification, ×40), negative for (G) CD79 (stain, HE; magnification, ×40) and positive for (H) terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (stain, HE; magnification, ×100). HE, hematoxylin and eosin. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3003251_F13_81399.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Loss of function of Brg1 abrogates lens fiber cell denucleation. Lens midsections were collected from both wild-type mice and littermates with lens-specific gene targeting of Brg1 from postnatal day 1 (A-C) and postnatal day 7 (D-I) for hematoxylin and eosin staining. OFZ, organelle-free zone. Scale bar, 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3562281_F7_183427.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Nuclear and cytosolic localization of HPt2 and HPt9 in C. roseus cells. Cells were transiently transformed with HPt-GFP (HPt2 (A-D); HPt9 (I-L)) or GFP-HPt (HPt2 (E-H); HPt9 (M-P)) expressing vectors in combination with the nucleocytosolic-mcherry marker (B, F, J, N). Co-localization of the two fluorescence signals is shown in the merged image (C, G, K, O). The morphology was observed by differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy (D, H, L, P). Scale bar = 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3127767_F2_101069.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Confocal microscopy showing internalization of S. suis. DCs (MOI:1) were incubated with S. suis wild-type strain (WT) or the non-encapsulated mutant (CPS-). After a bacterial-cell contact of 2 h, cells were fixed and labelled with serum against S. suis (Alex-Fluor 488, green) and a monoclonal antibody specific for swine MHC-II (Alex-Fluor 568, red). DAPI was used to stain the nuclei (blue). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4578768_pntd.0004085.g002_425665.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image |
In toto visualization of proteins synthesized by E. granulosus PSCs induced to strobilar development.(A) NSPs were specifically visualized in the presence of AHA and Alexa Fluor 488 Alkyne. The other images represent the DAPI nuclei staining, the bright field merges of DAPI and Alexa Fluor 488 antibody staining and the bright field images. (B) AHA+/Alexa-, (C) AHA-/Alexa+ and (D) AHA-/Alexa- did not show significant fluorescence or autofluorescence (400x). (E) The quantification of NSP (Alexa Fluor 488) and nucleic acid regions (DAPI) fluorescence. a.u., arbitrary units. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2286.jpg | Is gastrointestinal present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4456697_Fig2_393682.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Haemotoxylin and eosin (HE) stained liver section of vehicle control animals showing polyhedral hepatocytes (H), central vein (CV) and portal vein (PV) (2a); rats administered CCl4 showing altered histoarchitecture characterized by fatty changes i.e. steatosis [1], inflammatory bridges [2] and vascular bridges [3] 2(b); S-SLNs treated rats showing mild steatosis [4] and medium portal inflammation [5] 2(c); FS treated rats showing medium steatosis [6], high inflammation [7]; SILY treated rats showing medium steatosis [8] and inflammation [9] 2(e); and untreated SR group showing altered histoarchitecture with high occurrence of steatosis [10] and inflammation [11] 2(f). Representative views of each group are presented at 200X magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4404908_F3_379601.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Sections of the brain showing the interaction between attentional control load and emotion in right Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG) (BA47) (A), left (B) and right (C) caudate. Graphs represent parameter estimates extracted from these clusters. Measures presented are mean ± standard deviations. *p = 0.004, **p = 0.001, ***p = 0.01. For more statistics, see Section Results. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4013031_pone-0096730-g003_286526.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Example of root image analysis performed on roots grown on our experimental setup. a) Top-view photograph of a Wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedling grown for 7 days after the shoot has been removed. b) Modified version of the photograph in panel a) after the seed has been digitally removed, the color has been made black and white, the contrast has been maximised. c) Table of selected root parameters obtained by the analysis of the image in panel b) by WinRhizo. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07143.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | An ultrasound image in a 43-year-old man who presented with sudden onset of abdominal pain. The patient had a history of a duodenal ulcer and was aware of black stool prior to the presentation. On physical examination, he had diffuse abdominal tenderness with guarding. Bedside ultrasound was performed with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position. Reverberation artifacts on the ventral surface of the liver (arrows) indicated intraperitoneal free air. The artifacts were distinguished from other artifacts with respiratory movement (arrowheads), which originated at the lung surface |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4080768_F1_303119.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Fine needle aspiration cytology for diagnosis of prepuce SCC. Clustering of large cell populations of malignant tumor, with nuclear anomalies, were identified such as round nuclei in SCC .And also, cytoplasmic vacuolation and a large number of round-shaped germinal cells, with coarse nuclear chromatin and prominent multinucleoli were observed together with vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli, May-Grünwald Giemsa (MGG) staining method, 1000×. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3869763_pone-0083133-g003_253473.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | The expression of podocyte proteins in dendrin-deficient glomeruli.Slit diaphragm proteins nephrin (a–b) and podocin (c–d) are observed as linear line around capillary loops in control (+/+) and knockout (−/−) mice. (e–f) The expressioin of foot process protein synaptopodin is unchanged in dendrin knockout glomeruli. DAPI staining (blue) showing nuclei. Magnifications: ×200. (g) Western blotting for nephrin, podocin and synaptopodin do not show any significant expressional difference between wildtype (wt) and knockout (ko) glomeruli. β-Actin, used as a loading control, shows similar expression levels in both fractions. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3039981_f2-ijms-12-00817_87423.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CLSM) images of P. fluorescens biofilms before and after 60 min immersion in 1% chitosan. 3-D view before (A) and after (B) treatment. Extended section view (z-y and z-x planes) before (C) and after (D) treatment; these images correspond to the deepest layers of the biofilm. Color allocation: green = live cells (Syto9); red = dead cells (propidium iodide). Scale bar = 20 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyudoig086uav6q2f4t.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4009440_F7_285851.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Basal endosperm structure and immunodetection of BETL peptides. Sections of WT (first and third column) and mutant (second and fourth column) were reacted with antiBETL1 or antiBETL2 and counterstained with azure B. Scale bars represent 50 μm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3874948_fig4_254718.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Epstein-Barr virus encoded ribonucleic acid (EBER) in situ hybridization showed strong nuclear staining in the majority of cells. Inset is area of higher magnification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3876707_fig3_255072.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | (a) Confirmation of good passage through esophagogastric junction after closure with endoscope. (b) Introduction of tumor in endobag. (c) Tumor removal through gastroscope. (d) Closure of gastrotomy. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_69941.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Measurement of the Tibial Tuberosity-Trochlear Groove Distance on the Femoral Axial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Slice (T2) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3739749_pone-0073469-g003_224067.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | The LRR domain is required to target XopAC to the plasma membrane of
N
. benthamiana
epidermal cells.YFPv-XopAC (A, E and F) and mutant variants (B, YFPv-XopAC-H469A; C, YFPv-XopAC∆fic and D, G, YFPv-XopAC∆LRR) were expressed using
Agrobacterium
-mediated transient transformation and imaged in epidermal cells by confocal laser microscopy 48 hours after inoculation. (A) The plasma membrane localized RLK-CFP fusion (At4g23740) and the nucleo-scytoplasmic marker MIEL1 (At5g18650) were co-expressed with YFPv-XopAC (E, F) or YFPv-XopAC∆LRR (G) and used as controls. The merged pictures are shown (E, F and G). Scale bars = 25 µm. White arrowheads indicate nuclei (N), cytosol (Cyto) and cytoplasmic strands (CS). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1781452_F4_8956.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Micrographs of in planta and in vitro isolated AVIs of the adaxial cells of the inner petal region of lisianthus flowers. A. Light microscopy section of an isolated AVI stained with Toluidine Blue, showing the uneven distribution of the internal structure. B. TEM image of an isolated AVI, showing the thread-like structure. C. TEM image of an AVI-containing cell, showing dense inner (white arrowhead) and loose outer thread structures of the AVI in the central vacuole (V). CW, cell wall; PM, plasmodesmata. D. Higher magnification image of the transition part between dense and loose AVI thread structure of an AVI. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4151537_fig6_317150.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Arthroscopic views during debridement and synovectomy in the posterior compartment. Debridement and synovectomy in the posteromedial (a) and posterolateral (b) compartments were performed with a radiofrequency abrader that was introduced from the posterolateral (a) and posteromedial (b) portal through the posterior transseptal portal. S, septum; MCF, medial condyle of the femoral component; LCF, lateral condyle of the femoral component. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3159996_f1-cpath-1-2008-007_105807.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Anal biopsy showing a) condyloma (arrowhead) and squamous epithelium equivocal for high grade AIN (arrow); b) spotty p16 positivity in condyloma and absence of staining in epithelium equivocal for AIN; c) Ki67 positivity in <50% of nuclei. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic55460.jpg | what is most alarming about this ct scan? | facial nerve hemangioma |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4081182_f2-ol-08-02-0601_303220.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | PI3K and p-Akt expression in stage IIIB–IV squamous cell carcinoma. (A) PI3K(−); (B) PI3K(+); (C) p-Akt(−); and (D) p-Akt(+). (Stain, hematoxylin and eosin; magnification, ×400). PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; p-Akt, phosphorylated protein kinase B. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3177941_F1_109417.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Chest X-ray on admission. This X-ray image shows a large right-sided pleural effusion. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_11702.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | CT axial image depicts sequestration as patchy consolidation at right posterobasal region (asterix), meandering right inferior pulmonary vein (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3846845_pone-0081157-g002_247191.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Micro-CT images of CT-liposome accumulation.Representative images of CT-Liposome accumulation are shown for an ME180 mouse orthotopic tumor (a), an H520 mouse subcutaneous tumor (b), and a VX2 rabbit intramuscular tumor (c). The arrows indicate the extent of the tumor volume. The transverse images illustrate the intra-tumoral heterogeneity of liposome accumulation; particularly in the ME180 and VX2 tumors which have predominantly peripheral liposome accumulation. Note the difference in scales. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4625481_Fig2_438682.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Effect of amitozyn on the microtubules of Plasmodium falciparum. Human RBC at 2 % haematocrit were infected with 3G8 strain of P. falciparum. At 0.5 % parasitaemia infected RBC (iRBC) were treated with 30 μg/mL amitozyn for 24 h. Untreated iRBC were used as a control. Fixed iRBC were stained with anti-α-tubulin (green), anti-RBC (red) and DAPI (blue) and analysed by confocal microscopy. a Rings and b trophozoite stages of P. falciparum, respectively |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4051629_pone-0097156-g007_296333.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Scanning electron micrographs of D. milleri terminalia.(A) C = cercus, E = epandrium, S = surstylus, VP = ventral paramere, (239× magnification); (B) AA = aedeagus apex, MVPr = middle ventral process, A = apodeme, (582× magnification); (C) C = cercus, Sc = scales, groove on the MVPr (arrow heads), (1160× magnification). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_52120.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | OPG after 6 months showing all four implants with good osseointegration |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3603206_fig3_193285.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Spectral domain OCT images (Optovue with Cornea Camera) at the postoperative period of 25-gauge sutureless pars plana vitrectomy. (A) Longitudinal (upper) and transversal (bottom) length measurement at the sclerotomy incision, on postoperative day 1. (B) Longitudinal (upper) and transversal (bottom) length measurement at the sclerotomy incision, on postoperative day 7. (C) Longitudinal (upper) and transversal (bottom) length measurement at the sclerotomy incision, on postoperative day 30. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3428667_F1_151993.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Sequential computed tomography scan images at the same level. A, At the diagnosis of the disease (19/06/2008); B, Relapsed after chlorambucil and thalidomide (25/06/2009); C, Before the first stage of 3D-CRT (12/12/2009); D, Before the second stage of 3D-CRT (22/06/2010); E, At one month after the second stage of 3D-CRT (17/08/2010); F, At one year after the second stage of 3D-CRT (06/07/2011). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3863539_fig1_252032.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Electron microscopy of CA1 area of hippocampus: (a) control, (b) placebo group, and (c) and (d) morphine treated group (magnification: ×50000, scale bar: 0.5 μm). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3088664_pone-0018254-g001_94609.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Phase contrast microscopy of NB cell line treated or not with ATRA.(A) SJ-N-KP control cells. (B) SJ-N-KP cells treated with 10 µM ATRA for 24 hours. (C) SJ-N-KP cells treated with 10 µM ATRA for 9 days. Magnification: 40×. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4023246_F2_289389.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | SEM photographs showing leg and oviscapt fine structures in the Colocasiomyia gigantea species group. Foreleg tarsomeres I and II (2–8), pegs on foreleg tarsomere II (9–15) and warts on basal part of lateral lobe or basal membrane of oviscapt (16–22) of Colocasiomyia gigantea (2, 9, 16), Colocasiomyia scindapsae (3, 10, 17), Colocasiomyia rhaphidophorae (4, 11, 18), Colocasiomyia longifilamentata sp. n. (5, 12, 19), Colocasiomyia longivalva sp. n. (6, 13, 20), Colocasiomyia hailini sp. n. (7, 14, 21) and Colocasiomyia yini sp. n. (8, 15, 22). Scale line = 0.1 mm in 2–8, 0.05 mm in 9–15. Figures 16–22 are in the same magnification, with the width corresponding to 30 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3573931_F2_185936.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | A 64-year-old man with adenocarcinoma after SRT. A) At 3 months after completion of SRT, contrast-enhanced CT shows suspicious findings in the left chest wall, such as slight asymmetry and indistinct intermuscular fat planes (arrows). B) At 15 months after SRT, contrast-enhanced CT shows definitive chest wall edema, evidenced by swelling of the left chest wall with an area of low attenuation (arrows). No rib fracture was seen at this time. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic16189.jpg | what organ system is visualized? | musculoskeletal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3916130_f5-mco-01-04-0680_264864.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | A 72-year-old male received a total dose of 50 Gy and 4 cycles of dexamethasone, etoposide, ifosfamide and carboplatin (DeVIC). (a) Computed tomography (CT) scan prior to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) shows a right nasal space-occupying soft tissue mass. (b) The mass completely disappeared 1 month after the completion of CRT. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3161686_f9-cmo-2-2008-181_106196.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Assessment fo residual mass at completion of initial treatment in lymphoma. 9A: Pretreatment 18FDG PET/CT study of a 27 year-old man with DLCB NHL. There is an abdominal mass that exhibits intense 18FDG uptake, consitent with lymphoma 9B: Postreatment 18FDG PET/CT study shows persistent, though decresed in size abdominal soft-tissue mass, and complete resolution of the abnormal metabolic activity. The patient has remained free of relapse. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4395905_Fig1_377804.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. |
Tomodensitometric scans reveal a mid-right renal tumor measuring 12cm. (A) The tumor is breaking the renal capsule. (B) Peripheral contrast-enhanced image. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3255307_fig2_121679.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Horizontal spectralis OCT of the retinal detachment shown in Figure 1, scan direction is indicated by the white dotted line in Figure 1. Characteristic changes seen on OCT in retinal detachments are observed including retinal folds, intraretinal cysts (white arrows), and hyperreflectivity of the photoreceptor layer (black arrows). Fovea is denoted by a grey arrow. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/inside_oral/train_1412.jpg | Does this image show large lesion good but not the best? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3230856_f1-viruses-03-02351_118286.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | (A) Photo showing marked swelling of the body in a ranavirus infected American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbianus) tadpole (top) compared to an uninfected tadpole (bottom). (B) Photo showing hemorrhages (arrows) in a ranavirus infected wood frog tadpole (L. sylvaticus). (C) Photomicrograph of a mesonephros (kidney) from a ranavirus infected tadpole showing necrosis of the hematopoietic tissue (arrowheads) and degeneration and necrosis of a glomerulus (arrows). (D) Photomicrograph of a mesonephros (kidney) from an uninfected tadpole for comparison. Hematoxylin and eosin stain. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4369899_fig1_370527.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Cross-section contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). There is a heterogeneous lesion (arrow) filling the bladder, extending to the anterior, and containing punctate amorphous calcifications. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3130638_F6_101437.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | GUS expression of leaf explants transformed using 1 × 109 cfu ml-1 followed by co-cultivation at pH 5.6. (a) tobacco, (b) grass (c) Indian may apple, (d) apple rootstock, (e) rose, (f) bamboo, (g) aurocaria (h) fern, (i) aloe, (j) lavender (k) maize and (l) rice (+denotes the presence of GlA40). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3184160_pone-0025692-g002_110621.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | A shows a volume rendering of a mouse 30 minutes after i.v. injection of ExiTron nano 12000.B is a curved maximum intensity projection in coronal orientation of the same scan. A and B demonstrate the feasibility to perform CT angiography during the early intravascular phase of the tested contrast agent. Additionally, A and B show the early contrast agent uptake by the RES with increasing contrast of liver and spleen. C is a coronally oriented curved maximum intensity projection of a mouse that did not receive contrast agent. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3465867_fig2_159125.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | (a) Urine cytology demonstrates a cluster of atypical lymphoid cells. (b) Biopsy of bladder tumour showing infiltration of the transitional epithelium and lamina propria by atypical B lymphocytes (CD20 positive on immunohistochemistry). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4597229_f8_430926.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | (a) Variation in the size of final combustion residue with initial PLR for a nanotitania dispersion droplet undergoing burning. SEM micrograph of the final precipitate at 10 wt. % is shown inset with size marked. SEM images of fused NP aggregates for (b) 2.5 wt. %, (c) 5 wt. %, (d) 7.5 wt. % and (e) 10 wt. %. Scale bar for Fig. 8b–e equals 20 μm, 2 μm, 10 μm and 2 μm respectively while the corresponding magnification is 1.45 KX, 1.82 KX, 3.63 KX and 4.85 KX respectively. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3563580_pone-0055966-g002_183641.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | NLS1 is required for nuclear localization.GFP-GST fused constructs listed in Fig. 1 were visualized in COS7 cells. GFP fluorescence from the fused BRMS1 or BRMS1 mutant proteins indicates localization. As predicted, mutants lacking NLS1 were predominantly localized to the cytoplasm. Phalloidin and DAPI were used to visualize the cytoplasm and nucleus respectively. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_52981.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Flows in CA, SA (black arrow), and SMA (white arrow) following deployment of balloon expandable stent. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3706264_F3_216655.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | SPECT images of biodistribution of labeled cells in brain region. In-111 oxine alone did not show any activity around the tumor area. Accumulation of In-111 labeled CTLs in tumor area was seen within three hours and the activity further increased on 24 hour scans. In-111 labeled EPCs showed high activity around the tumor area in 3 hours scan, which was significantly higher compared to CTLs. 24 hours scan showed further increase in the radioactivity. Note: The increased accumulation of cells after 24 hours of injection. Window levels of signals are kept identical for all day for respective tumors. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic19600.jpg | what plane is this film | axial |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3720184_F4_219461.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Body fat distribution of patients: magnetic resonance imagery (MRI). (A). T1-weighted MRI axial scans through the arm, forearm, thigh, calf and abdomen of patients 1 and 2, compared with a control woman of similar age (35 yr-old) and BMI (23 kg/m2). Partial lipoatrophy affecting the four limbs, contrasting with accumulation of intra-abdominal fat, was evidenced in both patients. Increased subcutaneous abdominal fat was also striking in patient 1. Bone marrow fat was well preserved. (B). T1-weighted MRI pelvic axial scan in patient 1 and in a control woman (BMI 21 kg/m2), showing lipoatrophy of gluteal fat depots with accumulation of anterior abdominal subcutaneous fat in patient 1. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3265178_f3_123232.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | KSPG localization is altered in P2X7−/− stromas. Frozen corneas were sectioned and stained with antibodies specific for keratocan and lumican, followed by FITC-conjugated IgG (green) and counterstained with To-Pro 3AM for nuclei (blue). Negative controls were incubated with secondary antibody only and counterstained with To-Pro 3AM. Images are representative of three independent experiments. Keratocan (inset): enlarged regions from central stroma with enhanced signal to show detail of localization. Scale bar: 10 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4515824_f3_409623.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Specificity controls for the lymphocyte panning by the microarray.DIC, fluorescence and overlay pictures of anti-CD3-FITC-labelled cells, captured by anti-CD3 antibody on the microarray, anti-CD3-FITC-labelled cells, captured by anti-CD19 antibody on the microarray, anti-CD4-RPE-labelled cells, captured by anti-CD8 antibody on the microarray, isotype control mouse IgG-FITC-labelled cells, captured by anti-CD45 antibody on the microarray. Original magnification ×400. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2749859_F3_46751.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Final words. (Top) Grand-averaged ERPs recorded over centro-parietal sites in response to idiomatic and literal phrases. (Bottom) Coronal, axial and sagittal views of swLORETA inverse solution source performed on the difference wave obtained by subtracting ERPs to literal from ERPs to idiomatic sentences in the time window 400-450, corresponding to the peak of N400 response. Grid spacing = 5 mm; estimated SNR = 3. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4331414_Fig1_359265.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail |
Overview of the tumor delineation for one patient with middle thoracic esophageal cancer. (A) Gross tumor lengths delineated on CT images by different methods. (B) Gross tumor lengths delineated on FLT PET/CT images by different methods. Volumes are displayed in transaxial, sagittal and coronal planes. Purple, orange, blue and Red contours illustrate different parameters (e.g. GRAD, 1.4 SUV threshold, 30% of SUVmax and CT). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2551.jpg | What is present? | hepatobiliary |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qs1f770832396edmyu.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4099016_F1_306172.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images from 5 patients treated with 2-session SRS. The upper and lower images were obtained at the time of the initial SRS and the latest follow-up, respectively. A 71-year-old man with a tumor 19.2 mL in volume (upper), 3 months post-treatment (lower): (A). A 60-year-old man with a tumor 14.3 mL in volume (upper), 11 months post-treatment (lower): (B). A 64-year-old man with a tumor 15.2 mL in volume (upper), 8 months post-treatment (lower): (C). A 61-year-old man with a tumor 17.0 mL in volume (upper), 14 months post-treatment (lower): (D). An 80-year-old woman with a tumor 22.3 mL in volume (upper), 9 months post-treatment (lower): (E). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvn90z8074y0314944r.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Oesophagitis |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4569596_Fig10_423483.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Sjogren’s syndrome. A 71-year-old female presented to hospital with unsteadiness, frequent falls and dementia with features of Sjogren’s syndrome. a & b axial T2W and FLAIR images of the brain show nonspecific patchy confluent hyperintensities in bilateral periventricular white matter |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3170179_F6_107835.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Selective digital subtraction angiogram of the celiac axis showing the intra-peritoneal contrast 'blush' in the spleen, confirming active bleeding. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3880332_pone-0084969-g001_256430.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Sortilin immunostaining of grossly normal human young and old and atherosclerotic aorta and carotid vessels.Normal young vessels (A) do not display appreciable sortilin immunodetection; the latter is observed in old vessel intimal thickening and fatty streak and, more markedly, in fibroatheromatous plaque. Representative images (B) of serial sections of human fibroatheromatous plaque stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin (H-E), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), CD68, sortilin, p75NTR and proNGF. Diaminobenzidine as chromogen, Haematoxylin counterstaining. Scale bar = 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4654801_Fig1_446266.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Imaging data. Case 1 (a–c). High-intensity signal in bilateral medial temporal lobes as shown by magnetic resonance imaging, axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image (a). Increased blood flow in bilateral medial temporal lobes (b), with decreases in the right orbitofrontal cortex (c), as assessed by 123I-IMP brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography with three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection analysis. Case 2 (d–f). No specific findings on the magnetic resonance imaging, axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image (d). Increased blood flow in bilateral medial temporal lobes and the posterior orbitofrontal cortex (e), with no decreases (f), as shown by 123I-IMP brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography with three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection analysis |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2531123_F2_27478.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. A 4.5 cm diameter left ventricular posterior wall abscess contained by only a 2 mm thin layer of myocardium. |
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