image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/sfolder_3/PMC3618924_fig2_197238.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Examples of masses for each combination of shape and margins. Each ROI image has been resized to a common size of 128 × 128 pixels. Case name and view are located at the bottom of each ROI. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3272350_fig6_124612.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Photograph of a female patient with erosion caused by bulimia. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4247958_fig1_340351.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | AP and lateral radiographs of the patient's knees at age 21. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3892438_f5_258677.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Shown is a μCT rendering and the results of three calculations of the XVR signal, based on μCT data.The samples and directions correspond to those shown in figure 4. The direction and anisotropy of the main structural orientation is encoded in the same way as for the XVR results in fig. 3. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2645423_F7_34737.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical pictures of p-ERK and HGTD-P in low (grade II)- and high (grade IV)- grade astrocytic glial tumors. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3141698_F1_103058.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | X-ray of the left femur. Anteroposterior plain film of the upper left leg with typical osseous changes consistent with fibrous dysplasia and shepherd's crook deformity. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3278460_pone-0031576-g002_125497.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Subcellular localization of cell permeable Tre in transduced HeLa cells.Cellular uptake and localization of the indicated recombinant fusion proteins were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy in HeLa cells. HeLa cells were exposed for 5 h to 1 µM of the various Tre-recombinases. Subsequently, the respective cell cultures were washed twice with PBS and PBS containing 0.5 mg per ml heparin for 5 min each. Nuclei were stained with Draq5 (blue label), Tre-recombinases (green label) with a primary polyclonal anti-Tre and secondary Cy2-labeled antibodies. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3906877_F1_262597.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | 2D echocardiography and multi-slice CT findings. Echocardiography (A) showed an echolucent mass with a highly echogenic rim (arrow) attached to the mitral valve. Transverse (B) and coronal (C) chest CT images showed a mass (arrows) adhering to the posterior mitral valve leaflet with peripheral calcification. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4299414_f11_351268.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Final periapical radiographs of maxillary and mandibular incisors. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4385909_fig5_375169.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Disruption of gp130 in hepatocytes in females attenuates HCC progression. Gp130f/f and gp130Δhepa female mice were treated with a single i.p. DEN injection and killed 40 weeks later. (a) Representative macroscopic views of the livers are shown (dotted circles represent dysplastic nodules, upper panel). H&E staining was performed from the same livers and photographed at different magnifications (left and right panels). (b, c) The number of nodules and the tumor area were determined by an experienced pathologist in a blinded session and represented. Tumor area was calculated as the percentage of total. Data are expressed as mean±SEM (n=6; *P<0.05; **P<0.01). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3522714_pone-0051703-g003_173440.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Protein expression patterns of SIRT3 in HCC tissues by IHC.The immunoreactivities were primarily observed in cytoplasm within tumor and normal liver cells. The micrographs showed negative (A), low (C), and high (E) expression of SIRT3 in HCC tissues. The relevant expressions of SIRT3 in corresponding adjacent normal liver tissues of cases in A, C and E were shown in B, D and F, respectively. (Left panel: magnification ×100; Right panel: magnification ×400.) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3245292_pone-0029599-g006_119995.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Expression of MUC1 at the cell surface after stimulation with HRG.(A) MKN45-1 cells were stimulated with HRG for the indicated time. A second dose of HRG was given after incubation for 24 h for the 2-day cultures. Muc1, with or without permeabilization, was stained with anti-MUC1 antibody. On the right sides, Nomarski views of the same cells are shown. (B) Effect of inhibitors for various signaling molecules on MUC1 expression at the cell surface was examined. MKN45-1 cells were cultured for 2 days in the presence of HRG. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic21559.jpg | what imaging modality was used to take this image? | mr - flair |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4240860_Fig1_338478.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image |
Neointima formation after vascular injury in control and linagliptin-treated mice. Endothelial denudation injuries were induced in the left femoral artery of control (n =19) and linagliptin-treated mice (n =20). (A) Tissues were evaluated by staining with Elastica van Gieson, to visualize the internal elastic lamina (magnification, ×200). (B) The area of intima, media and intima/media was calculated for each group. Data are mean ± SEM. *p <0.05 vs. control. (C) Sham control vessels were stained with Elastica van Gieson. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic18934.jpg | what organ system is pictured here? | musculoskeletal |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyldo9g086u15j520oi.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3248470_pgen-1002418-g004_120632.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Multiple class B synMuv mutations have similar effects on lin-3 mRNA expression.FISH of lin-3 mRNA in late L2 to early L3 animals. Each dot represents a single mRNA molecule [42]. lin-3 mRNAs are shown in red, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of nuclei is shown in blue. The images shown are maximum intensity projections of a z-stack of images. The anchor cell (AC) is indicated by an arrowhead in each panel. Each mutant displayed ectopic lin-3 mRNA expression throughout the animal in most if not all tissues. (A) lin-36(n766); lin-15A(n767). (B) lin-52(n771); lin-15A(n767). (C) lin-53(n833); lin-15A(n767). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwy7dns0086u968beqbq.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3253047_F3_121391.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Organ histopathological picture of mice treat with the high dose (H&E, magnification ×200). Liver histopathological pictures of mice treated with sterilized saline (A), Til-HCO-SLN (B) and blank HCO-SLN (C); Spleen histopathological pictures of mice treated with sterilized saline (D), Til-HCO-SLN (E) and blank HCO-SLN (F); Heart histopathological pictures of mice treated with sterilized saline (G), Til-HCO-SLN (H) and blank HCO-SLN (I); Lung histopathological pictures of mice treated with sterilized saline (J), Til-HCO-SLN (K) and blank HCO-SLN (L); Kidney histopathological pictures of mice treated with sterilized saline (M), Til-HCO-SLN (N) and blank HCO-SLN (O). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4124768_fig6_312166.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Assessment of new extracellular matrix formation in the samples implanted. Representative light microscopy of sections of abdominal wall of female Sprague-Dawley rat after 3 days of implantation of PLA scaffold on top, previously cultured with and without (control) rat or human ADSCs in DMEM medium for 2 weeks; following immunohistochemistry for anti-collagen I and anti-collagen III antibodies, or Sirius red staining. Scale bars of 0.2 mm for images from 3 days implantation and 0.1 mm for images from 7 days implantation. (S) Sample; (F) Fascia; and (SM) Skeletal Muscle. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3156710_pone-0023039-g003_105213.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Analysis of embryo development in the spp mutants using Nomarski optics.Equivalent developmental series for normal (i–iv) and mutant (v–viii) embryos within immature heterozygous siliques of spp-1 (A) and spp-2 (B). Normal embryos: i, 16-cell stage; ii, early globular stage; iii, heart stage; iv, torpedo stage. Corresponding mutant embryos from the same siliques: v, 2- to 8-cell stages; vi, 8- to 16-cell stages; vii and viii, arrested or abnormal 16-cell stages. Embryo developmental stage names refer to the cell number or morphology of the embryo proper. Images i–iii and v–viii are all at the same magnification (40× objective); images iv are at lower magnification (20× objective). Bars = 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2972288_F4_77973.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a block with irregular and unclear edges and a short T2 signal area in the lateral ciliary body. The signal was equal to that from the brain cortex. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qb1emf0832hhnhdj47.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1523.jpg | Does this image show uterus, leiomyoma? | yes |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3948906_Fig13_273053.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Clay shoveller’s fracture. (a) Sagittal MDCT image demonstrates avulsion fractures of C7 and T1 (white arrow). (b) Sagittal STIR image demonstrates marrow oedema within the spinous process (black asterisk) as well as injury to the intraspinous and supraspinous ligaments (white arrow) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4241248_fig2_338615.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Histopathological examination. (a, b) Hematoxylin-eosin-stained section showing extensive infiltration of large B cells ((a) ×200, (b) ×400). (c, d) Immunohistochemistry panels showing positivity for CD20 ((c) ×200) and negativity for CD3 ((d) ×200). (e) Hematoxylin-eosin-stained section showing intercellular infiltration of inflammatory cells (×100). (f) Hematoxylin-eosin-stained section showing adenocarcinoma (×200). The Gleason score of the prostate cancer was 3 + 4. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2846673_F0005_60694.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | a) Pre-operative radiograph; b-e) operative photographs and radiograph; f, g) post-operative photograph and radiograph |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4316947_f5-etm-09-03-0697_355474.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Ultrastructural changes of K652 cells with TEM observation. (A) Ultrastructure of K562 cells in the control group. TEM shows a smooth cell body, evenly dispersed chromatin and complete membrane and nuclear membrane. (B) K562 cells treated with 400 μmol/l of naringenin for 24 h displaying morphological changes typical of apoptosis, including cell nuclear condensation, nuclear membrane rupture, the formation of clumps along the nuclear membrane or crescent formation, and cytoplasm blistering. Magnification, ×15,000. TEM, transmission electron microscopy. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_lungs/train_1400.jpg | What is present? | respiratory |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2034570_F1_14197.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Clinicla photograph 1a) The perianal mass prior to excision was firm and revealed skin ulceration. 1b) The wound following en-bloc excision of the tumor. 1c) The excised specimen measured 7 × 6.5 × 5 cm and revealed a previous biopsy cavity. On serial sectioning, the tumor appeared well-defined, firm and gray-to-white in color. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic19908.jpg | what type of imaging modality is seen in this image? | xr - plain film |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4398431_pone.0124216.g002_378384.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | SEM images of adhesion of S. aureus to RPMI 2650 cells.(A) RPMI 2650 cells were incubated with S. aureus SA113 (a, d), SA113Δica (b, e) and SA113Δica(pCica) (c, f). The images were captured at a magnification of 1000x (a, b, c) and 3000x (d, e, f). The number of bacteria that adhered to 400 cells was enumerated, and the average number of bacteria on each cell was calculated (B). Significant differences are denoted with ***p-value < 0.001. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3532660_fig03_175757.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Anomalous accumulation of glycoproteins in the endocrine spongiotrophoblast cells of the Jz in the Eif2s1tm1RjK placenta. Biotinylated lectins, ConA (concanavalin A), e-PHA (Phaseolus vulgaris, erythrohaemagglutinin), DSA (Datura stramonium agglutinin), and STA (Solanum tuberosum agglutinin) were used to stain the placental sections. Note that intensely dark staining accumulations in the rounded spongiotrophoblast cells (arrowed) are more common in the mutants. The cells must be distinguished from the irregularly shaped blood channels (asterisks), which also stain positively. All images taken at 20× magnification. tm1RjKm |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3657427_fig1_205428.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | (a) Transvaginal ultrasound showing a hypoechoic structure (blue arrows) within the uterus (U). (b) Pelvic MRI demonstrating a herniation (blue arrow) of the right hydrosalpinx (H) through the uterine wall (U) going up to the endometrial cavity (EC). Both the right (RO) and the left (LO) ovaries were normal. (c) Laparoscopic visualization of the pelvic cavity: the hydrosalpinx (H) is incarcerated (blue arrow) in the uterus (U), and the right ovary (RO) is normal. (d) Final aspect of the procedure: uterus (U), left ovary (LO), and right ovary (RO). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pw1e5v083266q9ffow.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2686102_pone-0005812-g002_39031.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Laser-scanning confocal micrographs showing GFP fluorescence from agroinfiltrated leaf cells.Katahdin leaves were agroinfiltrated with (A) pK7FWG2 empty vector; (B) 35S::GFP; (C) StRAR1::GFP; (D) StGS2::GFP; (E) StV-INV::GFP; and (F) MtDMI3::GFP. The background fluorescence derived from plastids is in blue color. All the scale bars represent 10 µm. Arrows point to the nucleus in the cells. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3599708_F2_192521.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Immunofluorescence staining of hAECs cultured in medium containing SSS at passage 5. Large round cells, which expresses (A) DAZL (green); (B) ZP3 (red) and GDF9 (green). On the left side are bright field micrograph of the same cells; Blue color, DAPI nuclear staining, magnification in all x63. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_22657.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | T2-weighted sagittal images after 3 months of imatinib mesylate therapy. The mass has shown a significant reduction in size (Mass = m, Sacrum = s). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2642657_pone-0004506-g018_34409.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Generation of collider partners from collision in the electro-optical model.Panel A. In the collision interaction region, ejected particles of wave light split into two components that take opposite directions in a helicoid flow pattern with polarization and mirror image. Panel B. Interleaving of subpatterns of indefinite light clusters and defined pairs of left-handed expansion, centrifugal and right-handed contraction, centripetal light spirals are structured in the interaction area. Panels C, D. Pairs of opposite oriented light spirals integrate triangular mirror light clusters to the system. Observe the dipole photodynamic expansion, contraction phases of the geometric triangular patterns. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4582119_BIO012138F1_426791.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Fluorescence of Olindias. Photos of O. formosus in (A-C) white light and (D,E) under blue light, showing the fluorescence. Under white light (B) the fluorescence is excited, but is not distinct against the full-spectrum background illumination. (B,C) The tips of the tentacles have a pink chromoprotein which absorbs blue and green light, and thus appears dark in (D). Panel D is shown without a barrier filter, so the blue excitation has not been subtracted. Panel E shows the view with a long-pass filter so the blue-excitation is removed. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvf90mc074yetbu4dvf.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | Z-line |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4375636_f0020_372039.jpg | What is shown in this image? | (Left) original images; (middle) white matter regions in MRI slices after pre-processing; and (right) injuries detected automatically (marked in red) by our stochastic algorithm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4247173_f7-ol-09-01-0029_340040.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Inferior alveolar neural tube invasion by the tumor cells in the (A) soft tissue and (B) sclerotin (stain, hematoxylin and eosin; magnification, ×40). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3633907_pone-0062388-g006_200266.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Transmission electron micrograph of Escherichia coli O157:H7.(A) the exponential-phase cells; (B) VBNC cells induced by HPCD treatment at 5 MPa and 25°C for 40 min; (C) resuscitated cells cultured in TSB for 6 h; (D) resuscitated cells cultured in TSB for 24 h. Left images, magnification of × 25,000; right images, except in panel A, magnification of × 80,000; right image of panel A, magnification of × 60,000. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3926295_fig2_267506.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | FLAIR axial images: hyperintense signal involving the white matter typically in occipital regions. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2290.jpg | What is present ? | gaucher cell |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4350407_F4_364243.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | The reward prediction errors. The brain maps show the regions whose activation positively correlates with the two types of reward prediction error signals in perceptual decisions after adjusting one type over the other. All maps are presented at p < 0.05 whole-brain corrected using cluster-based Gaussian random field and overlaying on the mean anatomical images from the group of participants. Red-Yellow, context-based RPE; Blue-Light-blue, context-free RPE; R, right hemisphere; L, left hemisphere; Z, the MNI coordinate of the axial slice. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3943048_F4_271748.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | T2-weighted views of brain MRI shows high-intencity signals in periventricular white matter and midbrain |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3523048_F6_173537.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Details of ASTir (green) and RFamide-like immunoreactivity (red) in the olfactory lobes (OL) as seen in confocal laser scanning microscopy. A the olfactory lobe in a projection of a series of confocal sections. B and C show two different types of local interneurons (note the spatial separation of AST and RFir somata in cluster 9 on C). D transverse and E, F longitudinal views of the glomeruli; for details see text. Abbreviations: 9, 11 cell cluster (9) and (11) of local interneurons, Ba base, Ca cap and Sc subcup of glomerulus, OL olfactory lobe. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3580928_fig1_187702.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | A panoramic radiograph revealed that the left maxillary third molar was displaced in a posterosuperior direction. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4624910_fig2_438445.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Left eye, 2 days after the painless visual loss; (a) color fundus picture showing the segmentally swollen disc; (b) late venous phase of angiography depicting the disc leakage; (c) optic coherence tomography revealing the subretinal fluid (arrow); (d) visual field examination demonstrating the severe diffuse depression. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3944394_fig2_272088.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | (a) EDX micrograph and (b–d) SEM micrographs of different magnifications. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2945.jpg | What is present? | cardiovascular |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1875.jpg | What does this image show? | excellent example of brenner tumor |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4255444_Fig6_341541.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner |
B scans and H&E staining (B scan, A-C; H&E staining, D-F, 200×). The retinas of rabbits at 21 days after treatment revealed that rAd-p21 significantly inhibited PVR. B scans showed significantly proliferative membranes with severe retinal detachment in the PBS and rAd-NC groups (A,B). However, rAd-p21 treatment inhibited proliferative membranes without severe retinal detachment. (C) H&E staining indicated that retinal microanatomy had more integrity in the rAd-p21 group (F) than in groups PBS and rAd-NC (D,E). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4672202_F6_451330.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Intracranial hemorrhage resulting from frame-based stereotactic biopsy of a Grade III oligodendroglioma. Transverse, pre- (A) and post-contrast (B) stereotactic planning CT scans demonstrating hypoattenuating and non-enhancing mass lesion in the temporal region. On the immediate post-biopsy, pre-contrast CT scan, biopsy-induced intracranial hemorrhage is apparent as an ovoid, hyperattenuating lesion contained within the dorsal and central aspect of the previously described hypoattenuating mass (C). The craniectomy and implanted catheter guide pedestal (C) through which the biopsy was performed are visible in the parietal bone dorsal to the lesion. Initial diagnostic T2-weighted, transverse MR image (D), illustrating the hyperintense lesion in the temporal lobe of this patient. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2582334_hrt-94-11-1485-f08_30006.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | This magnetic resonance angiography was performed in a Turner’s Syndrome patient. Note on the anterior view the dilated size of the ascending aorta (red arrow) in comparison with the descending aorta, as well as the persistent left-sided superior vena cava (green arrow). The posterior view demonstrates the malformed aortic arch (red arrow). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/inside_pancreas/train_2488.jpg | What does this image show? | islet cell carcinoma |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4332499_pone.0118006.g003_359883.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | X-rays obtained from the cervical spine of a 69 year-old male in the anterior-posterior (3a) and in the lateral projection (3b).Metal needles indicate the most cranial and caudal part of the vagus nerve that could be visualized with the surgical approach to the carotid triangle. d = dorsal, l = left, r = right, v = ventral; scale bar = 10 mm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/inside_oral/train_1417.jpg | What is present? | larynx |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3311031_F9_131292.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Biopsy of the pleural tumor revealed metastasis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4495336_F2_404152.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Top row: mean CBF image of the group. Bottom row: Results of a voxel-wise analysis of CBF vs. WMH volume shows decreased perfusion with increasing disease burden, signified by the blue voxels (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons, age and sex). The gray scale anatomical image is the ICBM-152 template in radiological convention. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3132711_F3_101790.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | PrPSc accumulation patterns in the brain of H-type BSE-challenged cattle. Fine particulate-type PrPSc accumulation in the neuropil of the frontal cortex (a). Coarse particulate-type (b), perineuronal-type (c), and linear-type (d) PrPSc deposition in the thalamus. Stellate-type deposition in the caudate nucleus (e, arrows). Plaque-like (f, arrow) and stellate-type (f, arrowhead) deposition in the cerebral cortex. Intraneuronal-type PrPSc accumulation in the olivary nucleus (g). Intraglial-type PrPSc deposition in the cerebellar medulla (h). The images show immunohistochemical labeling with mAb F99/97.6.1 and hematoxylin counterstaining. Scale bars = 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2903902_F3_68716.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Abdomenal CTs before (left) and after (right) helical tomotherapy with concurrent capecitabine. Two months after helical tomotherapy the volume of the pancreatic tumor is significantly reduced. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2075.jpg | Where is this part in? | spleen |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_44851.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Chest X-ray showing large retrosternal goiter. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4330697_F1_359042.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Representative images showing RSI z-score maps across Gleason scores: the y-axis shows the pathologic Gleason score with the x-axis designating the MRI sequence. The last column displays the whole-mount pathology with the corresponding cancer region of interest circled in black. The star in the top right pathologic figure represents the pattern 3 + 3 prostate cancer while the other lesions are 4 + 3. White arrowheads in the higher-grade patients show areas of signal void, which could be interpreted as false positives on the ADC maps. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3745388_pone-0072935-g003_225151.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Lesional VEGF expression in laser CNV model.Iba1 and VEGF dual-staining and confocal microscopy on RPE/choroid whole-mounts display transient VEGF expression at lesion site. (A) 6 hours post laser, no increase of Iba1+ cells or VEGF immuno-reactivity was found at laser lesions. (B) On day 1, recruited ramified microglia and amoeboid macrophages express VEGF (also see Figures S4 and S5). By day 2 (C) and 4 (D), greater VEGF immuno-reactivity are found in accumulating macrophages, as well as in Iba1- cells. Between day 7 (E) and 14 (F), lesional VEGF expression lessened, in parallel with reduced macrophage number. Images are representatives of 12-24 lesions for each time point. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3531380_pone-0052910-g007_175304.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | X-ray films before and after the in vivo ACVC implantation.A, Lateral X-ray film before the ACVC implantation; B, lateral X-ray film 3 weeks after the ACVC implantation; C, lateral X-ray film 6 weeks after the ACVC implantation; D, lateral X-ray film 12 weeks after the ACVC implantation. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3633845_pone-0062399-g001_200189.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Expression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by immunohistochemistry in NAGs, APA and IHA patients.NAGs served as a reference. In NAGs, faint staining of these proteins is visible in the cytoplasm of normal zona glomerulosa cells. However, in IHA and APA patients, the staining of these four proteins is stronger. In general, the immunohistochemical staining of the tissue sections indicated that p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-S6 and VEGF were highly expressed in APA and IHA sections compared with NAGs. (Magnification × 400). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3559457_F2_182354.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Representative first-pass CMR perfusion images from 4 of the 12 studied healthy humans: top Panels (a-1) to (d-1) show Cartesian images (arrows point to DRAs); Bottom Panels (a-2) to (d-2) show the corresponding radial images. All images correspond to similar early myocardial enhancement phase (7 heart beats after initial LV contrast uptake). Panel (e) shows summary of artifact scores assigned by two expert readers (consensus 0-4 scale scoring, 0: no DRA, 4: severe DRA). Panel (f) shows the maximum measured width of the artifact (along polar directions). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4178249_fig02_323563.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Significant regions of interest for the repeated measures ANOVA (contrast: words > pseudowords). Significant regions of interest (ROIs) for Group × Training with the RAP repeated measures ANOVA. Main effects of training with the RAP (red), Group (blue), and Group × Training with the RAP interaction (green) are marked. Note: The figure is in neurological orientation (L = left, R = right, A = anterior, P = posterior). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4435116_sensors-15-04947-f002_387238.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Patient with a PSA level of 7.4 ng/mL. Strong and rapid contrast enhancement was noted in the PZ of the right lobe. Biopsies of the corresponding region resulted in Gleason score of 3 + 3. The time intensity curve showed the early contrasting effect of the cancerous lesion in comparison with the symmetric normal tissue of the left lobe. Gleason score of 4 + 3. (a) Gray scale; (b) CEUS; (c) time intensity curve. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvs915c074y85la04so.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4626695_marinedrugs-13-06366-f006_439070.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | (a) X-ray structure of MRSA PK (PDB Accession Number 3T07) with the large and small interfaces and the cis-3,4-dihydrohamacanthin B binding sites indicated; (b) X-ray co-crystal generated diagram of 25 (green) in the cis-3,4-dihydrohamacanthin B binding site of MRSA PK with 26 (grey) overlaid in its highest scoring docked conformation with its bromines displayed as CPK models; (c) highest scoring docked conformation of the synthetic compound 33, with its chlorines displayed as CPK models, in the MRSA PK cis-3,4-dihydrohamacanthin B binding site. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3863472_fig6_251929.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative |
En face OCT images of Patient 1-II-1 and 2-II-1. En face SD-OCT images of the eyes in patient 1-II-1 ((a) and (b)) and 2-II-1((c) and (d)) are shown. Images from right eyes ((a) and (c)) and left eyes ((b) and (d)) are shown. En face OCT imaging reveals the presence of the cysts in patient 1-II-1. En face OCT images of the patient 2-II-1 did not show cysts clearly. Bars in (d) indicates 500 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4546019_Fig7_416456.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description |
Images from PET/MR of a patient (Group
OUTER
) with large positive bias in regions just outside the artifact. (A) Original attenuation map. (E) Attenuation map after inpainting. (B,F) corresponding PET images following MR-AC. Note the recovery of PET signal in the dental region. (C) The mean relative difference image (ε
rel) for (B-F) in relation to (F). (G) Absolute difference image (ε
abs) for (B) to (F). Note the positive SUV region in the masticatory muscles. (D) A and C fused. (H) T1w MR image. Arrows point to the masticatory muscle. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_13213.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Upper gastrointestinal fluoroscopy performed 24 hours after the operation. On the first postoperative day, an upper gastrointestinal fluoroscopic examination shows a good esophageal passage of the contrast medium, the stomach in place, and there is an adequate duodenojejunal passage. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4204175_f0015_329464.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Effect of injury on axons distal to injury site. (A) Typical uninjured common fibular nerve section. (B) Transected and unrepaired common fibular nerve showing proximal and distal portions 2 weeks post injury; only minimal fluorescence is present in the distal portion. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1314.jpg | Is case of peritonitis slide present? | no |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2292.jpg | Does this image show med artery with giant cells in wall containing crystalline material postoperative cardiac surgery thought to be silicon? | yes |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/inside_oral/train_1412.jpg | Is carcinoma present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3674742_fig29_209411.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Pre-operative CBCT image in coronal plane. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4431829_pone.0125624.g013_386388.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Staining of seed coat mucilage for cellulose and pectin in wild type, galt, sos5, and fei mutant seeds.Seeds of the indicated genotypes were prehydrated with water and stained with Calcofluor white and ruthenium red to visualize cellulose and pectin with a Zeiss LSM 510 META laser scanning confocal microscope. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_71415.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | CT coronal section showing pathological fracture of the right coronoid process. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1647.jpg | Does this image show pharyngeal pouch remnant, incidental finding in an adult? | yes |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4627488_F3_439154.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Different views of untreated C. raciborskii cells observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In (A), a cross-section of a cell shows a general view of the cytoplasm, cell envelope and their organization. (B) At higher magnification, the structure of the cellular envelope is more clearly revealed. Note the cytoplasmic membrane (green), cell wall (red) and outer membrane (yellow). (C–E) Cytoplasmic structures such as air vesicles (V), lipid bodies (white arrowhead), polyhedral bodies (∗), and polyphosphate granules (yellow arrowhead) are observed. In (F), the thylakoid membrane structure is seen at high magnification. Phycobilisomes (red arrowheads) are viewed as small electron-dense dots in association with thylakoid membranes. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_1925.jpg | What are present? | extremities |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1892030_F1_11633.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Treatment planning computed tomography scan with contoured left anterior descending coronary artery (and part of the left circumflex artery) in green color, left ventricle in orange and heart in purple. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3418043_F1_149514.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Figure 1: CT scan showing a hypo-dense area at porta hepatis. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2940085_F0007_73702.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Same patient as in Figures 1, 3, 6. Five-year postoperative axial; a) coronal; Figure b) MRI shows no changes as compared to the earlier postoperative MRI controls |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic16121.jpg | what plane is this film | axial |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1022.jpg | Is oral present? | yes |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv7907w074ycrcvh6to.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Oesophagitis |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3528735_pone-0051811-g006_174868.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Effects of oligopeptide HSDCIF on the traffic of PAC1.Eight fluorescence confocal images from the animation of 0–1120 s after the addition of oligopeptide indicated that the fluorescence presenting the site of PAC1 detached from the cell-surface and moved to the inside of the cell, especially significantly in the region shown by the arrow. Bar, 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4658024_pone.0143584.g003_447334.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Examples of hip prosthesis in bone window (A-D) and dental implants in abdominal window (E-H).Incremental effect of DEMAR in combination with IMAR inverts remaining high contrast artefacts of IMAR and allows a better evaluation of the prosthesis (red circles in C and D). In terms of contrast enhanced images, DEMAR results in contrast attenuation (red circles in F and G). NOMAR = no metal artefact reduction, DEMAR = Dual-energy metal artefact reduction, IMAR = iterative metal artefact reduction, IMAR+DEMAR = combination of IMAR and DEMAR. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3449492_F2_156868.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Examples of axial diffusion weighted images from a neonate (A) with a modified pediatric ASPECTS of eight (involvement of left internal capsule, insula, M3, M5, M6, P1, P2, and thalamus) and a child (B) with a modified pediatric ASPECTS of 10 (involvement of left caudate, lentiform, internal capsule, insula, and middle cerebral artery territories M1–M6). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4010476_pone-0096610-g004_286032.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Expression of differentiation-associated genes is associated with differentiation stage in ESCC.Immunohistochemistry showed expression pattern of c-Jun and differentiation-associated genes in ESCC. A similar pattern of c-jun, cystatin A, involucrin and SPRR3 immunoreactivity was observed. These proteins were highly expressed in the intermediate and superficial layers in normal epithelium. c-Jun was displayed both cytoplasmic and nuclei localization in normal epithelium, whereas it was located in the cytoplasm in the tumor nest. cystatin A, involucrin and SPRR3 were predominantly localized in well-differentiation ESCC, but weakly expressed in moderately and poorly differentiated ESCC. N: nontumor tissue; W: well-differentiated ESCC; M: moderately differentiated ESCC; P: poorly differentiated ESCC. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4430659_fig4_386139.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Renal histopathology. The top panel shows the control at the beginning of the trial and histology four weeks after each treatment by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The bottom panel displays the glomerular direct immunofluorescence (IF) in the basal condition (control) and at the end of the trial. The immunofluorescence shows deposition of IgG in the glomerulus. Nuclei were counterstained using propidium iodide. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4049605_pone-0098900-g007_295674.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Recruitment of Munc18-2 to cytoplasmic membranes and to the activating immunological synapse is dependent on the N- and C-terminal regions of syntaxin 11.Analysis of the effect of expression of the syntaxin 11ΔN24 and Q268X mutant proteins on the localization of Munc18-2 in YTS NK cells. mCherry-Munc18-2 was co-transfected with either GFP-syntaxin 11ΔN24 (A) or GFP-syntaxin 11 Q268X (B). YTS cells were then imaged in the absence of target cells (Resting) or conjugated to 721.221 target cells pre-stained with Cell Trace Far Red (blue in the merge image panels). Cells were imaged using a Zeiss LSM700 laser scanning confocal microscope. Scale bars 5 µm. |
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