image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/sfolder_2/PMC3394787_pone-0040070-g003_144657.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | The diabetic NTS shows a lower NPY immunoreactivity in comparison to the control NTS.Panels A and B represent the levels II and III of the brainstem, respectively. Boxed areas are reproduced at higher magnification in the correspondent right columns of each panel. Note that these results are in contrast to what has been observed in the ARC. Scale bar = 500 µm in the left columns; = 200 µm in the right columns. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC497042_F1_191.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Localization of chlamydial inclusions and caveolin-2 in HeLa cells. HeLa 229 cells were infected with chlamydial strains for 48 h. Cells were fixed and double stained with a rabbit anti-Chlamydia and a mouse anti-caveolin-2 antibody. Inclusions of C. pneumoniae (AR39) Cpn, C. Psittaci (guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis, GPIC strain), C. trachomatis serovars A/Har-13, Har36B, C/TW-3, K, (E/VW-KX and F not shown), are seen to co-localize with caveolin-2. Inclusions of C. trachomatis Mouse pnuemonitis agent (MoPn) and Lymphogranuloma venereum biovar (LGV 434) [not shown] do not colocalize with caveolin-2. Scale bar represents 25 μm and original magnification: 600X |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3422320_pone-0042862-g002_150621.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Modulation of functional connectivity (FC) in relation to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) by PASAT performance in healthy controls (A) and MS patients (B).Areas demonstrating increased FC with better performance are shown in red, areas demonstrating increased FC with worse performance are shown in blue (selected axial slices in neurological convention). For further explanations please see text. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0107.jpg | Is the lobulated tumour infiltrating the skeletal muscle somewhat circumscribed? | yes |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2958.jpg | Is vasculature present? | yes |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4359377_fig6_367438.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Peroxisome targeting of LDHBx is dependent on the stop codon.Combined direct fluorescence and immunofluorescence in HeLa cells. (A and B) Exchange of UGA stop codon with the tighter stop UAA (YFP-LDHBx[TAA]) reduces peroxisomal localization of LDHB. (C and D) When UGA is replaced by tryptophan-coding UGG (LDHBx[TGG]), a larger proportion of LDHB is targeted to the peroxisome, and peroxisome localization becomes obvious without removal of the cytosol. (B, D) Cytosol was removed after cell permeabilization with digitonin. Bar 10 µm.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03640.017 |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2292.jpg | Is giant cells in wall containing crystalline material postoperative cardiac surgery thought to be silicon? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3514102_F1_170310.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | A, Peripheral blood smear showing a lymphoma cell with relatively condensed chromatin and prominent nucleolus. (Wright-Giemsa, original magnification ×1000). B, Bone marrow core biopsy showing hypercellular marrow with complete replacement by a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate (Hematoxylin-Eosin, original magnification ×200). C, Bone marrow core biopsy showing large lymphocytes with relatively condensed chromatin and occasional nucleoli (Hematoxylin-Eosin, original magnification ×400). D, CD117 immunohistochemistry of bone marrow core biopsy showing strong membranous and cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells (original magnification ×200). Please refer to subsection entitled "Morphologic Analysis" for further details. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4689058_Fig5_455723.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | TEM examination of the teeth specimens. a Normal inner dentin with orderly dentinal tubules having no sheath-like structures were found in control deciduous teeth (3000×). b Tubules with irregular shape, size, and pattern of organization were found in deciduous teeth affected by DD-I (3000×). c Outer dentinal tubules with sheath-like structures of normal permanent teeth and (d) dentin tubules of permanent teeth affected by DD-I (5000×). e Laminar-type collagen in a normal tooth and (f) ill-defined margins and irregular collagen fibers in a tooth affected by DD-I (15,000×) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4667932_pone.0142791.g011_449833.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Habitat of Melanophryniscus milanoi sp. nov.A = Type-locality (Morro do Baú, municipality of Ilhota), around the foothills of the mountain in the top of the photograph. B = Terrestrial bromeliad where a male was calling at Morro Boa Vista (on the border between the municipalities of Jaraguá do Sul and Massaranduba). C = Epiphytic bromeliad where a male was calling in Morro Azul (on the border between the municipalities of Pomerode and Rio dos Cedros). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC499548_F1_210.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Anterior-posterior angiogram of right common carotid artery injection of a Papio anubis with a 6 Fr catheter in place both (A.) during vessel spasm on catheter, and (B.) 10 minutes after infusion of intraluminal verapamil (2 mg). Overlay images showing 6 Fr catheter position in CCA (gold) during spasm (C.) and after alleviation with verapamil (D.). Arrows (→) indicate tip of catheter. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyhdo4g086u91yqfb54.jpg | How many findings are present? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4478850_F6_399422.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Root cortex maceration and necrosis of developing taproot of OSR by R. solani AG2-1. (A) 3D X-ray CT image of soil and root (yellow). (B) Image showing only root tissue (white solid arrow indicates maceration of tissue. (C) 2D cross-section (zx plane) image showing high porosity around OSR root (scale bar = 2 mm). (D) Magnified view of image shown in (C), showing necrosis of root cortex (scale bar = 1 mm). (E) 2D cross-section (xy plane) image showing preservation of the stele (solid arrow) but complete necrosis of cortex tissue (scale bar = 0.5 mm). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_mouth/train_2204.jpg | Is very good example present? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3667362_Fig2_207837.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Male patient 22 years old with bone sarcoma of the tibia. a Preoperative plain X-ray; b preoperative MRI for diagnosis and staging; c, d intraoperative photos showing skin incision planning for tumor resection and fibula harvest; e intraoperative photo of tumor mass after resection; f plain postoperative X-ray with Ilizarov fixator applied; g, h plain X-ray taken three months postoperatively |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4496495_fig7_404590.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Confocal microscopic examination of skin equivalents. (a) The number of p63 positive cells increased significantly in response to treatment with ACQ compared to the control. In addition, the expression of α6 integrin was also significantly increased but nonspecific staining was observed at the upper epidermis (×200, scale bar is 50 μM). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3829108_F1_243581.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Central macular thickness (CMT) modification during the follow-up visits measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. At baseline, CMT was 497 μm (a); one week after 3 posterior subtenon injections of natural leucocytic interferon-α 2a. CMT decreased to 237 μm (b); after 1 month (c), 3 months (d) and 1 year (e) CMT was 215, 255 and 299 μm, respectively. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3084459_f0005_93770.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Gray matter mask overlaid on the original fMRI scan, where the segmentation was achieved by SPM5. Although part of the CSF was not cleanly removed, the masking did eliminate around 80% of the voxels from the original image. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2797.jpg | What is present? | joints |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_09494.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | A 14-year-old boy with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Axial T2-FLAIR image shows increased T2 signal in the peritrigonal regions extending across the splenium of the corpus callosum (white arrow) as well as the involvement of the frontal lobe white matter bilaterally (black asterisks). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2824713_F2_57217.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Pictures of DC taken by microscopy with 100× magnification at day 0, 5, 7 and 9. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3971401_f3_277771.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Febuxostat reduces the levels of ROS in the aortic wall of atherosclerotic mice.(a), Representative photographs of cross-sectional DHE staining (top panels), DAPI staining (middle panels), and bright field (bottom panels) of aortic sinus. Dashed lines indicate aortic sinus lesion. Scale bars: 200 μm. (b), Quantitative analysis of DHE fluorescence intensity in aortic sinus from WT (n = 10), vehicle-treated (n = 8), and febuxostat-treated (n = 10) ApoE−/− mice. Data are representative of two independent experiments in which similar results were obtained, and shown as mean ± SEM. ####P < 0.0001 versus vehicle-treated WT, *P < 0.05 versus vehicle-treated ApoE−/− mice. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2837050_F1_58844.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | JAM-A is expressed in a subset of proliferating cells. Confocal images of immunostainings of vibratome sections from the subventricular zone of adult mouse brains labeled with the indicated markers (left boxes) are shown. (A) and (B) show proliferating P-H3 positive cells in two different magnifications. In (B) a maximum intensity projection of several optical layers is shown, the arrow points to a P-H3 positive and JAM-A negative cell, while the arrowhead indicates a P-H3 and JAM-A double positive cell. Scale bars: 10 μm |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2180173_F2_15886.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Fluorescence patterns of representative chimeric proteins in tobacco protoplasts. Image of a tobacco protoplast transformed with pG2HPLE1-YFP (a), pG2HPLF1-YFP (b), pG2HPLF2-YFP (c), pG2HPLF3-YFP (d) chimeric constructs. The scale bar corresponds to 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4031208_pone-0097916-g002_291087.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail |
In vitro fertilization results with control (A-D) and MT- spermatozoa (E-H).Oocytes fertilized using control spermatozoa showed proper fertilization (PF) as judged by the presence of both polar bodies (PBs) and both pronuclei [PN].(A-D). Oocytes fertilized with MT-spermatozoa showed defective fertilization. In these spermatozoa, only meiotic spindle reorganization was visible (asterisk, E-H) and the 2nd polar body extrusion had failed (red arrow in E-H). Oocytes were stained with Hoechst 33342 to visualize the polar bodies and pronuclei and the images presented are a merge of both brightfield and fluorescence. Magnification used was 400 x. Scale bars indicate 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3563503_F1_183618.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Microscopic and macroscopic views of the bovine embryo. Microscopic and macroscopic views of the bovine embryo during the elongation phase: spherical (S), ovoid (O), tubular (T) and filamentous (F) shapes appear sequentially from Day 9 (S) to Day 12–13 (O), Day 14–15 (T), and Day 16–18 (F). All these steps precede the onset of implantation (D19-21). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3665217_fig2_207152.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Photograph of the sharply developed purpura. Purpuric rash in the (a) left arm, (b) left lower limbs, (c) buttocks and (d) left ear. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2745371_F1_46165.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Myxoma originating from the anterior mitral valve leaflet. a. Transthoracic echocardiographic study, apical 2 chamber view. Myxoma seen attached at the ventricular surface of the anterior mitral valve leaflet (dimensions 1,99 × 1,1 cm). b. Transoesophageal echocardiographic study, 4 chamber view. Left ventricular myxoma arizing from a thin stalk attached at the ventricular surface of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. ALMV refers to anterior leaflet of mitral valve and PLMV refers to posterior leaflet. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3712462_fig04_217959.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | The N-terminal extension of P. stuartii TatA prevents the formation of large TatA assemblies in vivo. Fluorescence microscopy of strains JARV16 λAPsALYFP (ΔtatAΔtatE), H43FF λAPsALYFP (ΔtatABCDΔtatEΔglpG), BEAD λAPsALYFP (ΔtatABΔtatE) and DADE λAPsALYFP (ΔtatABCDΔtatE) producing the P. stuartii TatA–YFP fusion encoded at the attB site. The top images show cells in differential interference contrast (DIC) and bottom images show fluorescence of the P. stuartii TatA–YFP fusion protein. Scale bars correspond to 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4052247_toxins-06-01471-f001_296600.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) induces apoptosis in mouse Spleen. (A) Normal splenic tissue from a 12 week-old C57BL/10J mouse as seen in 10× magnification and 20× (B); Representative Peyer’s patch tissue excised from a 12 week-old C57BL/10J mouse gavaged with SEB is shown in 20× magnifcation (C) and 40× (D). Tissues were excised 6 days following oral treatment. Immunohistochemical TUNEL staining of the tissues was performed where darkly stained cells are indicative of apoptosis. Note the darkly-stained apoptotic cells in the expanded follicular area of the SEB-treated spleen section. Staining was performed using a Trevigen TACSR TdT In Situ Apoptosis Detection Kit. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4575997_fig4_425160.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Case 1. CBCT 3D images: (a) preoperative image and (b) six-month postoperative image. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06152.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | The hallmark of lung ultrasound illustrating the normal lung. The pleural line (arrow) is seen below the rib shadows (R) on either side. In real time ultrasound, lung sliding - the visual equivalent of breath sounds, can be seen as motion at the pleural line. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qe1ern0832hpgj7kgo.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3009710_pone-0014426-g007_82226.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | The ATL9 protein localizes to the ER.
A–C) Confocal images of leaf epidermal cells in transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing ATL9p:ATL9:GFP showing protein localization to the endoplasmic reticulum. B) Confocal image of a leaf trichome showing ATL9p:ATL9:GFP localizing to the ER. D–F) Co-localization of the 35S:ATL9:GFP fusion and ER-rk marker. Onion epidermal cells were co-bombarded with 35S:ATL9:GFP and ER-rk and visualized using fluorescence microscopy. D) 35S:ATL9:GFP. E) ER-rk (mCherry). F) GFP/mCherry overlay. Bars: 3 µm (A,B), 1 µm (C), 10 µm (D-F). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4618521_Fig2_436400.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Intraoperative arthroscopic evaluation. a A severely comminuted fracture and a depression of the bicondylar articular surface. b A lateral meniscus tear. c An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture. Meyers and McKeever type III. The arthroscopic findings were compatible with the computed tomography (CT) scan findings |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glks4m7071u21t58x4i.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic42206.jpg | which image modality is this? | xr - plain film |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3912197_pone-0087980-g002_263702.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Histopathological changes shown by H&E staining in collected brains from mice infected with GD201008-001 at 20 h.p.i.me = meninges;mi = microglia;gn = glial nodules;hc = Hippocampus;nf = nerve fibers. (A) Prominent meningeal hemorrhage and erythrocyte aggregation in the meninges (400×). (B) Microglial cells showing an increase in the number and volume. Glial nodules were distributed (400×). (C) Lytic and necrotic hippocampus (400×). (D) Nerve fibers showing severe damage (400×). (E) and (F) No histopathological changes in sham infection control (injected with PBS) (400×). Scale bar = 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3692542_pone-0066933-g004_213817.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Immunostaining of histological sections of Tyr::Cre
ERT2; BrafCA/+ and CMV-Cre
T/+; Kras
+/LSLG12Vgeo adenomas (Kras
+/LSLG12Vgeo 6 months) and Tyr::Cre
ERT2; BrafCA/+; Lkb1
flox/+ and CMV-Cre
T/+; Kras
+/LSLG12Vgeo adenocarcinomas (Kras
+/LSLG12Vgeo 11 months) with CC10, SP-C, E-Cadherin, Ki67, p53 and LKB1 antibodies.(*) indicates airways. Bars 500 µm and 80 µm for magnifications. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3275606_pone-0030704-g002_125074.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Inhibition of myosin only affects morphology of the early immunological synapse.Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) images of TCRs labeled with H57 αTCR Fab (Alexa Fluor 594) and ICAM-1 (Alexa Fluor 488) are shown. Cells were pretreated with DMSO, blebbistatin, or ML-7, and fixed at (A) 3 min and (B) 10 min after interacting with bilayers. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments. Scale bars: 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4355371_Fig3_365770.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you |
Mitochondrial status in Calu-1 and A549 cells expressing 3Cpro. Cells maintaining mitochondrial transmembrane potential were visualized using the potential-dependent fluorescent dye rhodamine 123. A549/Mock and Calu-1/Mock cells 48 h p.t. (A). A549/3Cpro and Calu-1/3Cpro cells: vacuolated, 48 h p.t. (B, C) and 72 h p.t. (D, E); round, 72 h p.t. (F); with blebbed plasma membrane, 72 h p.t. (G). EGFP and Rhod are channels for GFP and rhodamine 123 fluorescence, respectively; eGFP + Rhod channel shows overlapping signals. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3553073_F1_180941.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Assessment of the BRET-QD size. BRET-QD analyzed with Transmission Electron Microscope (A) and Atomic Force Microscope (B). Scale bars = 20 nm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3065899_fig11_91313.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | (a) and (b) AP and lateral plain radiographs of the lumbar spine showing sharp end plate depressions due to central end-plate infarction resulting in classic H-shaped vertebrae. On the other hand bone softening results in smooth concavity described as fish mouth vertebra. Also note cholecystectomy clips from previous surgery for pigmented stones and patchy sclerosis of the pelvic bones from medullary infarction. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic26996.jpg | in what plane is this mri captured? | coronal |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2803980_F3_54371.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | In vivo confocal microscopic findings of the left eye showing hyperreflective dot-like deposits in the deep stroma adjacent to the corneal endothelium. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3759034_F2_228307.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | A comparison of GLM and ICA analyses of 7 T fMRI data with a chin task. GLM results are contaminated by motion artifacts (yellow and cyan arrows). ICA components show no motion contamination and bilateral activation throughout primary motor areas. Activated areas not present in corresponding GLM results, or not distinguishable from artifacts, are indicated by magenta arrows. White vertical lines separate sample slices covering the basal ganglia from those showing primary motor regions. All brain images are displayed in radiological convention. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3298721_F2_129210.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | A, Immediate postoperative Anteroposterior radiograph of two-lateral entry pinning showing acceptable reduction. B, Immediate postoperative lateral radiograph of two-lateral entry pinning showing acceptable reduction. C, Follow-up Anteroposterior radiograph showing loss of reduction in two-lateral entry pinning. D, Follow-up lateral radiographs showing loss of reduction in two-lateral entry pinning. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2031891_F3_14104.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Immunolocalization of AtCNGC5 and AtCNGC10 to the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Wild type leaf protoplasts were challenged with primary antibodies specific to AtCNGC5 (C5), and AtCNGC10 (C10), followed by AlexaFluor488 anti-rabbit secondary antibodies. A negative control using only the secondary antibody was also performed (2°). Exposures included (g) a 505–525 nm emission filter for AlexaFluor488, (r) chlorophyll autofluorescence detected using a 650 nm emission filter, or (rg) both immunofluorescence and chlorophyll autofluorescence merged. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic43010.jpg | what organ is this ct scan showing? | spine and contents |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3963917_pone-0092676-g003_276221.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Cell immunofluorescence for the observation of surface protein expression.Both vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) (A) and differentiated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (dADSCs) (B) can express vimentin and fibronectin. Scale bar = 50μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2941499_F9_74006.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Vestibular-induced eye movements were absent in larvae lacking anterior/utricular otoliths. Representative DIC images depicting lateral views of the inner ear of wild-type (A) and rock solo mutant larvae (B) at 5 dpf. The DIC images were oriented with anterior on the left and posterior on the right. Note the loss of anterior otolith in the mutant, whereas the posterior otolith is unaffected. Scale bar, 100 μm. (C) Amplitudes of eye movements of wild-type siblings and rock solo mutants. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3470553_pone-0046564-g006_160010.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | CchA/MidA deletion leads to the loss of apical dominant axis of growth.(A) Hyphal DIC morphology in wild-type and cchA/midA mutants cultured on MMPDR for 16 h at 37°C. Compared with the wild type, ΔcchA/ΔmidA single or double mutants were significantly impaired in the formation of a single axis of hyphal polarity. (B) The fluorescence distribution of hyphal cells stained by FM4-64 in wild-type and mutants. Arrowheads indicate FM4-64 abnormally distributed in cchA/midA deletion mutants. Bars, 10 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03379.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Post-Gadolinium T1W TSE axial image. The intravenous injection of Gadolinium is helpful in the assessment of a vascular invasion and may also help distinguish between posttreatment fibrosis and recurrence of the neoplasm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4048622_F5_295528.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Microscopic appearance of cerebral cortex stained with H & E. Histopathology of cerebral cortex (×10) in rats 4 weeks post-exposure to different concentrations of ZALH (A), ZALL (B), ZAH (C), ZAL (D) and vehicle control (E). The H & E stained micrographs showing cerebral cortex layers (CL), many neuronal cells and blood vessel (BV) on micrograph (E). Similar structural appearances were noted on all the four treated groups (A to D), thus no changes were seen in the cerebral cortex of the treated animals compared to control. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3021568_f10_84282.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Images of microvilli in in vitro reconstituted corneal epithelium. Scanning electron microscope images showing Control (A) and EDEV-HCE tissue induced for 24 h (B) with treatments with different tear substitutes (C-Hyalistil®; D-Etacortilen®; E-Xiloial®; F-TSP 0,5%®; G-Optive®). Two μm magnification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3972677_cells-02-00244-f004_278062.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | SEM of post cross-linked scaffolds seeded with MG-63 cells for 1, 28, and 90 days. Magnification at 450× and scale bars at 50 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_21702.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Late phase of right coronary angiography after filling back the anomalous left anterior descending, the contrast is draining back to the pulmonary artery trunk |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4620146_F1_437273.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | The parcellation map (PM) segments the brain into various structures and permits parameter-based analysis, such as measurement of the FA value, at the structural level on images from various modalities (used with permission from Oishi et al., 2013). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic17212.jpg | what plane is demonstrated? | axial |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic49371.jpg | what plane is this x-ray in? | ap |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3784233_fig2_233861.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Ultrasound biomicroscopy image of the right eye (a) and the left eye (b) showing the forward luxation of the lens (L) and its touch with the iris (I), thus forming pupillary block, pushing the iris towards the cornea (C), and causing a shallow anterior chamber. Notice the increased anteroposterior diameter of the lens (L). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gljs4kf071u74o51olo.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4557330_Fig2_419945.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Assessment of ubiquitin in mature oocytes. Left panel shows phase-contrast images of analyzed oocytes, center panel displays the corresponding confocal fluorescent images with pseudocolor and right panel the merged images of the phase-contrast image and the fluorescence image. Human oocytes discarded from assisted reproduction techniques were collected and kept frozen until use for immunofluorescence studies for detection of (a) ZP; (b) Ub; (c) No primary detection (negative control without primary antibody); (d) Antibody competence (Anti-Ub antibodies + Ub protein). (e) Mouse oocytes obtained from hyperstimulated females were used as positive control by incubating with anti-Ub as positive control. Specific staining for Ub was detected in the ZP of both species |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4602019_Fig5_432035.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Patient with initially diffuse pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) with transformation into an atypical carcinoid was referred for Ga-68 DOTATOC PET/CT. Based on weak somatostatin receptor expression, patients was treated with chemotherapy (folinic acid, 5 fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin) and showed a good response. a-e Before chemotherapy. f-j After chemotherapy. a, f Maximum intensity projection PET images. b, c, g, h Axial PET images. d, e, i, j Corresponding axial CT images. Partial remission of the mildly receptor positive lesion in the right lung is well appreciated on CT (arrows). On MIP images, the previously receptor-positive hilar and mediastinal lymph node lesions also show response to treatment |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4330232_Fig6_358767.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner |
a–b Cervical small cell carcinoma (FIGO III-B; extension to the pelvic side wall). A 64 year-old female complaining of menorrhagia. Axial T2-weighted MR image (a) and axial T1-weighted MR image with fat saturation after intravenous gadolinium administration (b). Cervical tumour extending posteriorly to the pelvic wall (asterisk) and superiorly to the left adnexal area, where it forms a huge solid, heterogeneous mass with central necrotic areas (arrow). This mass shows intense enhancement after gadolinium administration and is adherent to the uterine corpus, which may be found inferiorly. Bilateral internal iliac lymph nodes are also noted (arrowheads) |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4295136_fig1_350560.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | CT abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast. Findings: kidneys: both kidneys were not obstructed. A subcentimeter hypodense lesion is seen without calcification or septation in the upper pole of the left kidney. A wedge-shaped hypodense lesion is seen in the upper pole of the right kidney, which may represent a perfusion abnormality. Additional hypodense regions are seen in the mid pole of the right kidney, which may represent the sequela of a perfusion abnormality. Alternatively, these hypodense regions may represent lesions with soft tissue attenuation. In the lower pole of the right kidney, a 1.6 × 1.8 cm hypodense lesion is seen with internal enhancement. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4099947_F2_306315.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | The scan images at A and B) 3 mm; C and D) 4 mm and; E and F) 5 mm from the apical before and after preparation with Reciproc |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1090582_F2_2086.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Monolayers of MCF-7 and MEC-1 cells cultured in low-serum medium and treated or not with extracellular Tat101aa (100 ng/ml for 36 hours). Increased numbers of cells can be observed in Tat-treated cultures as compared to untreated control cultures. Phase contrast; microscopic fields taken with a 10× objective. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3951262_pone-0090898-g003_273535.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Dough microstructure in reduced-gliadin and wild-type wheat lines.SEM was carried out at 1000x and 3000x magnifications in wild type BW208 (A), and reduced-gliadin lines E82 (B), and D894 (C). Arrows indicate starch granules covered by gluten in panel (A), and naked starch granules in panels (B) and (C). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3340557_F3_136239.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Induced pluripotent stem cell clone spontaneous differentiation into cells of embryonic germ layers. Wilms tumor (WT)-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-iPS cell and autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)-iPS cell clones were allowed to spontaneously differentiate as embryoid bodies in suspension, followed by adherent culture for 10 to 14 days. Differentiated cells were immunostained for markers of ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm lineages β-III-tubulin (green), FOXA2 (red) and CD31 (PECAM-1) (green), respectively. Nuclei were stained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. All images were obtained at 40× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3776813_pone-0074608-g005_232299.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Confocal images of CPI-17 distribution in transverse sections of the longitudinal and circular layer of pig stomach fundus (left) and antrum (right) under relaxed conditions (PSS) or stimulated (30′ CCh or PDBu) treatments.Tissues were immunoreacted for CPI-17 (green) and nuclei (DAPI - blue). In relaxed condition (PSS), CPI-17 appears diffusely distributed throughout the cell. With either CCh or PDBu stimulation, CPI-17 appears predominantly located at the periphery near the plasma membrane. Scale bar –10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4628386_Fig2_439582.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Preoperative patient 2 Heart MRI. a 4 chambers GRE view. Hypointensive masses visible in right ventricle, right atrium and right atrial appendage (red arrow). The tumour is obstructing the right ventricle and compressing the interventricular septum, and the left ventricle. b 2 chambers GRE view. Hypointensive masses in the right ventricle and right atrium (red arrow). c 4 chambers view perfusion sequence. Perfusion is seen in the masses (red arrow). d 4 chambers view. Non homogenous gadolinium enhancement is visible (red arrow). All images were taken during diastole |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3590972_f3_190305.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The plane fused SPECT/CT images of the abdomen show the activity in the ileal lumen |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1266044_F2_3643.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Photomicrographs of the guinea pig trachea showing (a) all nerve fibers immunostained for the pan neuronal marker Protein Gene Product 9.5; (b) jugular ganglia derived chemosensitive C-fiber plexus immunostained for substance P and (c-f) four representative nodose ganglia-derived low threshold mechanosensors (putative cough receptors) stained using the Fluorescent Marker (FM) 2–10. Note the clear distinction between the terminal arrangements of airway C-fibers and cough receptors. The terminal structure of guinea pig SARs, RARs and Aδ-chemosensors is presently unknown. Magnification: X40 (a), X100 (b) and X200 (c-f). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic28412.jpg | which plane is this x-ray taken in? | frontal |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3471848_pone-0047379-g004_160202.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Representative images of methylene blue stained optic nerve sections used for analyses of axonal numbers.(A) Illustrates image selection of central (I) and peripheral (II) ROIs. Representative 100×magnification images taken in the centre of nerves from healthy CNTF KO/LIF HET (B), EAE induced CNTF KO/LIF HET (C), healthy CNTF KO/LIF KO (D), and EAE induced CNTF KO/LIF KO (E) mice. ROI’s were selected from within these larger images. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2803939_F3_54295.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Further CT scan of the abdomen showing gall stone in the small bowel lumen with no signs of bowel obstruction. The bowel wall showing proximal edema to the gall stone. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2924339_F2_71594.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | CT scan showing involvement of infradiaphragmatic juxtahepatic part of inferior vena cava. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4661695_f4_448240.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Targeting of cells with biotin-NLP-RPE liposome.(a) Gli36 human glioma cells expressing the EGFRvIII receptor and GFP were labeled with a biotinylated-antibody against EGFRvIII followed by streaptavidin-Alexa647 followed biotin-NLP-RPE, and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy for both Alexa647 and RPE. (b) Gli36 cells were infected with lentivirus vector expressing BAP-TM and GFP. These cells were labeled with Streptavidin-Alexa647 followed by biotin-NLP-RPE and analyzed as in (a). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2410155_fig4_23888.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Immunohistochemical analysis of gastric tumours after a single dose of ZD6126. Representative images of tumour sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin (column 1; × 40 magnification), stained for endothelial cell proliferation by immunofluorescence for CD31/BrdU (column 2; × 100) and stained for endothelial cell apoptosis by immunofluorescence against CD31/TUNEL (column 4, × 100). A single dose of ZD6126 caused a significant decrease in the number of dividing endothelial cells (as determined by colocalisation) and an increase in endothelial cells undergoing apoptosis, such that microvessel density was decreased by day 5. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic25834.jpg | what plane is the image acquired in? | axial |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3643682_f1_202676.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Panorex radiograph of a poorly defined, irregular osteolytic ACC lesion involving the left maxilla. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3477554_fig4_161532.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | CT angiogram with no thrombus after 1 week of treatment. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3887041_pone-0085311-g006_257790.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Immunohistochemistry staining with VEGFR3 (arrows) in vehicle treated and melatonin treated tumors.Images were taken with 40× magnification. Melatonin do not decreased significantly the expression of VEGFR3 (p>0.05). Error bars: ± standard error. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4667281_f2_449581.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the whole mouse body in less than 12-minutes using a 7T mouse MRI scanner equipped with a homemade RF coil enabling serial imaging with 200-μm isotropic spatial resolution.The example of image dataset shown compares different organ and body regions prior and following single injection of Mangradex at 25 mg/kg. (A) the upper body including the head, neck, heart and lungs; (B) slice re-orientation obtained from the same lung and heart area described in (A); (C) the section covering the lung and liver region; (D) a coronal view from the lower abdominal region that includes the kidneys and the spleen. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic17799.jpg | what is abnormal in the x-ray? | osteoid osteoma |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4673219_F1_451635.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Representative H&E and immunohistochemical staining of 7 candidate biomarkers in primary melanomas and metastatic melanomasCytoplasmic staining was investigated for BRAF, MMP2, Dicer, KAI1, and Tip60, and nuclear staining was observed for Fbw7 and p27. Metastatic melanomas had overexpression of BRAF and MMP2, but did not express/had low levels of Dicer, Fbw7, KAI1, p27 and Tip60 compared with primary melanomas. Magnification used × 400 for H & E and immunohistochemical staining. H & E, hematoxylin and eosin; IHC, immunohistochemistry; PM, primary melanoma; MM, metastatic melanoma. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3283676_pone-0031749-g003_126756.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | FISH identification of rickettsiacean endosymbionts in Carteria cerasiformis cells.
A–C.
C. cerasiformis NIES-425. D–F.
C. cerasiformis NIES-424. Horizontal panels show the same cells, composed of Nomarski differential interference images (A, D), epifluorescence images with DAPI staining (B, E) and epifluorescence images with the volv-835 probe specific for the endosymbiont of C. cerasiformis NIES-425 (C, F; for details, see Materials and Methods). Arrowheads point to the signals from the endosymbionts. The green signals (C) represent endosymbiont-specific probes and the yellow background (C, F) is autofluorescence. All are shown at the same magnification. The ‘n’ indicates host cell nuclei. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3160908_F3_105966.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Recombinant BMP-2 did not induce the formation of cartilage and bone in cultured tongue. Staining images with Alizarin red (A, B, C) and Alcian blue (D, E, F) in the middle portion of E13 tongues cultured for 8 days in BGJb medium containing the vehicle (A, D) and 4 μg/ml of recombinant BMP-2 (B, E). Staining images of longitudinal section of hind limb containing tibia and fibula of E17 embryo and Meckel's cartilage of E11 embryo are shown as a positive control of Alizarin red and Alcian blue in C and F, respectively. B, D, and E used the same magnification as A. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4359025_fig6_367304.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Cdc42.V12 or DiaCA Expression Is Sufficient to Induce Cell Rounding in Interphase(A) Intermediate level view in plane of epithelium of control, Cdc42.V12, and DiaCA expressing SOP cells marked with GMA::GFP to label F-actin in interphase.(B) Similar views of control, Cdc42.V12, and DiaCA expressing SOP cells marked with GMA::GFP in metaphase. Scale bars, 5 μm.(C) Kymograph of cell shown in (B). Yellow dashed rectangle marks the region used for the generation of kymograph. Scale bars, 1 min.See also Figure S5. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2958324_F0003_76483.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Skull X-ray showing the extent of penetration of the fragment into the skull |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyjdo64086u3v3c432i.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4545307_F2_416236.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | After immunosuppressive treatment withdrawal, axial FLAIR (a), T2-weighted (b), T1-weighted (c), and T1-weighted postcontrast (d) images show that the lesion extension and mass effect did not improve. Moreover, new lesions in the pons are appeared bilaterally, in keeping with progression (arrows) (e |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4029300_F2_290435.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Effects of a high-fructose diet with DEN intake on hepatic steatosis. (A-C) Fat droplet deposition evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining was observed in the liver in rats fed a high-fat diet (B) and a high-fructose diet (C), but not in those fed a control diet (A). In addition, hepatic fibrosis was not observed in any of these groups. (D-F) Oil red O staining showed that fat deposition was more marked in the high-fat group (E) than in the high-fructose group (F), and this difference was significant (G). Values are shown as mean ± standard deviation of 8 rats. *P <0.05. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4449178_pone.0127939.g011_391284.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Locations of “abnormal P, normal NP” (FP) voxels in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) subjects (aged 60–90 years) from ANDI (n = 89) and OASIS (n = 49).These were determined via voxel classification with parametric (mean±SD) and nonparametric (order-based) grey matter atlases; P = parametric; NP = nonparametric; ADNI = Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; OASIS = Open Access Series of Imaging Studies. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4121313_pone-0104098-g003_311288.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | No signs of increased apoptosis in the vascular smooth muscle cells of the aortic arch.Immunohistochemical sections from the aortic arches of wild-type (A) and bi-transgenic tetop-LAG608G+; sm22α-rtTA+ (B) mice supplied with doxycycline from the date of birth to postnatal week 12, stained with an anti-Cleaved Caspase 3 antibody (Asp 175) to highlight apoptotic cells. (C) A section of the ovary from a wild-type animal used as a positive control tissue for apoptotic cells. Arrows indicate apoptotic cells. Scale bars: 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3399083_Fig3_145572.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | (a) Microscopic images and factor analysis score images (color coding of scores: red>yellow>blue) depicting different regions of human skin from a PBS control experiment (24 h treatment at 34 °C) and following SDS-d25 treatment for 24 and 40 h at 34 °C. The skin surface is located at the left of each image plane. Factor analysis was conducted over the CH stretching region (2,830–3,000 cm−1). (b) Factor loadings map to high scores in the following regions of human skin: SC (black), VE (red) and Der (blue). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic59003.jpg | in what plane is this image taken? | axial |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2605944_fig7_31665.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Comparison of reconstructed images from three-dimensional simulations. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4655023_fig2_446321.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Left ventriculography, showing the mitral subvalvular aneurysm: (a) right anterior oblique, end-diastole; (b) right anterior oblique, end-systole; (c) left anterior oblique, end-systole. |
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