image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/illus_xray-mouth/train_2442.jpg | What is present? | oral |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2822418_F0005_56821.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Clinical photograph (a) and anteroposterior (b)and lateral (c) radiograph showing typical King type IV curve with L4 tilted to the convexity of the curve with preoperative Cobb's angle of 60°. (ii) Follow up clinical picture (d) and radiographs, anteroposterior (e) and lateral (f) showing good correction. Cobb's angle has been reduced to 20° |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4461733_fig2_394978.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Contrast-enhanced computed tomography images obtained during the pancreatic phase. (a) Axial CT image of the pancreatic head shows abrupt termination of a markedly dilated pancreatic duct (arrow) due to a surgically proven pancreatic cancer causing duct obstruction. No mass is visualized in the region of the duct-obstructing tumor (arrowhead). (b) Image of the pancreatic head 1 cm inferior to image (a) shows homogeneous enhancement without evidence of hypoattenuation changes or mass effect despite the presence of large (3.9 cm) diffusely infiltrating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3763999_pcbi-1003205-g008_229408.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Model successfully predicts effects of increased cellular concentration of finger ramp time and biomass.Phototaxis time-lapse of Synechocystis cells deposited on an agarose surface with increasing initial concentrations with OD730 (from left to right) of 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4. Time-lapse images were taken at 0, 11, 24, 36, and 49 hr. The images show a negative correlation between initial cell density and time to finger formation, and a positive correlation between initial cell density and number of cells in each finger, both of which are trends predicted by our biophysical model. Scale bar is 1 mm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4522608_f6_411265.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Virtual micro-CT images from rats receiving the PLGC scaffold without or with hDPSCs/OF at 0–12 weeks after implantation. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic22268.jpg | what organ system is shown in the image? | musculoskeletal |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2931399_fig2_72438.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Coronary and axial cuts of the computed tomography of the chest immediately after the end of surgery before patient's admission to the intensive care unit. d: day. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2769373_fig-001_49401.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Diagnosis: (Left) 5-cm diameter cervico-isthmic gestational sac as seen on endovaginal ultrasonography; (Right) laparoscopic exploration. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2424184_Fig5_24202.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Global edema, no total knee joint replacement, in a 58-year-old male patient. Coronal fast fat suppressed T2-weighted image (TR 3000/TE 76/256 × 256) through the knee shows extensive edema in the lateral tibial condyle and edema in some of the lateral femoral condyle (arrows). Note also the almost complete absence of hyaline cartilage |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3004955_pone-0015710-g003_81787.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | M-EPI images acquired at 7 Tesla.
left) M-EPI with 1.5 mm isotropic resolution comparing 1, 4 and 6 images per echo train utilizing different multiplexing. middle) SE EPI has chemical shift artifact (arrows) that is normally removed with fat-saturation RF pulses or using different pulse lengths for the excitation and the refocusing pulse; the SE M-EPI images have inherent absence of the fat ghost artifact and require half as many refocusing pulses to substantially reduce SAR. right) By increasing parallel imaging from R-3 to R-4, the echo train shortened to overcome SIR lengthening to remove the artifact (arrow) with similar appearance to EPI with R-3 and similar echo train length. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3532915_fig2_175785.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Ultrasound contrast image and grey scale ultrasound before ablation show the perfusion of solid mass (a) and hypoechoic mixed cystic and solid mass (b). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3774711_pone-0071100-g004_231709.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Popdc1 and Cav3 distribution in normal, mutant and injured hearts.Confocal microscopy images depicting Popdc1 (red) and Cav3 (green); co-localization sites appear in yellow. Note the low staining intensity of Cav3 cross striations in the Popdc1-null and MβCD-treated hearts, and the disappearance of Popdc1 and Cav3 co-localization following I/R. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glps4sb071ueih8gy1f.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl9s427071ubtut8fyx.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3254638_pone-0029990-g007_121623.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | P2X7-R-immunoreactivity in the mouse retina assessed using an N-terminal specific antibody.(A) Immunohistochemistry on a transverse retinal section from a WT mouse showing P2X7-R immunoreactivity in the outer plexiform layer (OPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL). (C) The retina does not label with the P2X7-R antibody following incubation with P2X7-R specific peptide. Scale bar, 20 microns. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1855.jpg | What represent? | a bulge |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3844238_fig2_246763.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Morphological kidney injury after ischemia/reperfusion (IR) in different groups and subgroups of C56BL/6 mice. (PAS, original magnification 20x). Note loss of brush border and increased acute tubular necrosis in Parp1+/+ mouse kidney (IR + 48 h UW subgroup) but only tubular vacuolization in Parp1+/+ mouse kidney (IR + 48 h UW&DPQ subgroup). Kidney structure was preserved in all subgroups of Parp10/0 and in Parp1+/+ wild-type mice pretreated with ip DPQ. Ultrastructural study confirms higher tubular injury in kidneys immersed for 48 h at 4°C in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution (asterisk). Arrows indicate endothelial cell injury in peritubular capillaries (original magnification ×4600). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07856.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Oblique computed tomography image showing an infection path through the abscess and the right wall of the cervical esophagus, suggestive of a ruptured abscess releasing pus into the esophagus. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1852547_F4_10486.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Cell morphology. Light-microscopic analysis of 17-day old sequentially (+/-1 μM TSA) and cocktail (+/-1 μM TSA)-exposed hMSC; 20 × 10 original magnification, phase contrast. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_18565.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Chest radiograph PA view shows almost complete resolution of the lesion six months after chemotherapy |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3224959_F1_117293.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | CT scan of adrenocortical carcinosarcoma. Necrotic left adrenal mass in close proximity to the body/tail of pancreas and third portion of the duodenum with displacement of the kidney |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl4s3tr071u12w3g0nk.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3658850_f1-mmr-07-05-1381_205574.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Immunohistochemical determination of K-sam and KGF. KGF, keratinocyte growth factor. (A and B) Tumors were evaluated as positive for K-sam when ≥50% of tumor cells in the infiltrative region were stained more intensely than healthy epithelial cells in the same region. (C and D) In the infiltrative region, tumors were evaluated as positive for KGF when ≥2 fibroblasts in the interstitium were stained more intensely than the fundic gland (magnification, ×200). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4027011_F1_289979.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Radiographic images of Case 1. Pelvic computerized tomography (CT) scan: (A) Left image at time of presentation that shows a large hetergenous pelvic mass (9×8.8×5.5 cm) involving the vagina and upper part of the cervix. (B) Right image is taken post-radiotherapy and shows significant interval regression of the mass size. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3750826_F2_226582.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) demonstrates the intrathoracic fatty mass with calcification that has obtuse margin projecting into the right hemithorax (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3613895_F6_195845.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Simulated FMISO-PET and actual FMISO-PET. Hypoxia is predicted by the PIHNA model and an imaging reconstruction algorithm produces the simulated FMISO-PET. Pixel intensity distribution is not statistically different between the two images, providing model-based predictions of tumor hypoxia which is otherwise obscured by PET image acquisition and reconstruction. Courtesy: Gu et al. (2012), by permission of Oxford University Press. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4340936_pone.0117029.g001_362395.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Task-related modulation in BOLD signal during the congruent condition of the flanker task.A. Color on the brain images shows task-related increases and decreases in BOLD signal as revealed by GLM-based analyses. The color bar indicates t values. B1, B2, and B3. Color on the brain images shows regions covered by positive, negative, and neutral ICs, respectively. The color bar indicates number of overlapping ICs. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4118155_F5_310588.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Postoperative radiographic view at 6 months. Lateral (A) and ventrodorsal (B) projections of the thorax reveal no pleural effusion and no evidence of increased soft-tissue density associated with widening of the cranial mediastinum. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3493335_F2_164876.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Localization and effect of norovirus homologues of NV p22 on the Golgi apparatus. 293T cells were transfected to express the indicated proteins and immuno-stained for the cis Golgi or ER marker proteins GM130 and calnexin, respectively (Alexa-Fluor 594 secondary antibody, red fluorescence). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue fluorescence) and cells were imaged by deconvolution microscopy. The * in C indicates a mitotic cell, and “U201 p22LΔ” has the MERES motif mutated to encode YXΦAAAA in place of the MERES motif. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3774616_pone-0074318-g004_231653.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Effects of Danshen injection on morphological changes in kidneys.Representative microscopic photographs of H&E, PAS and Masson’s trichrome stained kidney tissue sections (magnification 400×). Kidneys were obtained from the control (A), iron overload (B), DFO (C), H-Danshen (D) and L-Danshen (E) groups. Scores for glomerular lesions (F) and tubulointerstitial lesions (G) are shown. Black arrows indicate histological changes of glomerular cells, and the green arrows indicate histological changes of tubulointerstitial cells. Data are presented as means ± S.E.M of 15 animals per group. **P<0.01, compared with iron overload group; ##P<0.01, compared with control group. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4337318_Fig4_361023.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner |
SYTO9 staining analyzed with confocal microscopy. Different live/dead proportions of S. aureus (right) and P. aeruginosa (left) cells were stained with SYTO9 and examined with CLSM. The live/dead ratios of 10:90 and 90:10 are shown for illustration and comparison. For P. aeruginosa, a small proportion of approximately 10% of the total stained cells exhibits weaker (in 10:90 ratio) or stronger (in 90:10 ratio) fluorescence compared with the rest of the cells. The cells having weaker or stronger fluorescence are indicated by arrowheads. For S. aureus no difference in SYTO9 signal intensity can be observed for live and dead cells. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3446523_F2_156093.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Immunohistochemistry for CD88 and C5L2 in renal specimens. (Glomeruli, magnification ×400; tubulointerstitium, magnification ×200; vasculature, magnification ×400). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3608948_F3_194990.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | FESEM images. (a) Uncoated PET film and aluminum oxide-coated PET film by (b) ALD, (c) ALD with plasma pretreatment, and (e) PA-ALD. (d) and (f) are the magnified images of (c) and (e). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4450273_fig1_391624.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Microscopic appearance of NaCMC film without ibuprofen and Sanatyl: (a) magnification 20x, bar 500 μm; (b) magnification 50x, bar 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3885262_fig1_257366.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Photograph of stomach of rabbit showing a gravid female of A. strongylina cut transversely towards the lumen. Note denudation of superficial lining of epithelium (H. E. original magnification × 100X). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4080756_F1_303115.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Cerebral MRI with fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) showing high-signal intensity lesions in the periventricular white matter, both basal ganglia, thalamus, and external capsule (A-C), but not prominent in the anterior temporal poles (D). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4208403_F1_330205.jpg | What is shown in this image? | MR images (July 2006). MRI revealed dense atrophy of the bilateral anterior (frontotemporal) lobule, but the posterior (parieto-occipital) lobule was well-preserved. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3579838_pone-0057429-g005_187180.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | An in vitro comparison of the asexual development of the wild-type and ΔFcStuA mutant strains of Fusarium culmorum.Conidiogenesis by StuA deletion mutants, ectopic transformants and wild-type strains was observed with a light microscope (OLYMPUS BX41). Macroconidia of the wild-type FcUK99 strain (A) and the ectopic S20 strain (B) are formed from monophialides on branched conidiophores. Macroconidia of the ΔFcStuA mutant strains spores are generated directly from hyphae as in S12 and S13 (StuA mutants). (B) The same observations were made for FcStuA deletion mutant S19 obtained from strain Fc233B. Photos were taken with MOTICAM 2500 5.O MP live resolution (Motic). Hyphal diameter is smaller in the mutant. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1647.jpg | Is embryo-fetus present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3235083_F1_118718.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Typical retinal appearance of the patients with CMV retinitis. A yellow-white retinal necrosis with granulo-margin. B retinal frosted branch angiitis. C white cotton-wool patches. D optic disc edema. E sclerosis and occlusion of retinal vessels. F fluorescence leakage by fluorescent fundus angiography. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4624649_Fig4_438310.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | a The aneurysm was located in the proximal aortic arch (Case 2). b Three-branched pericardial sheet. c Postoperative 3-D computed tomography revealed no stenosis or dilatation of the xenopericardial roll graft branches |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic41952.jpg | what is the organ system in this image? | gastrointestinal |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2813298_pone-0008971-g010_55739.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Fluorescence enhancement of 8-Anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) in the interaction with albumin.Different tube contents are: 1. Aqueous solution of ANS without protein; 2. ANS upon binding to normal albumin; 3. ANS upon binding to acrolein-treated albumin; 4. ANS upon binding to glycosilated albumin. When irradiated with UV light, intense fluorescence can be observed in tube containing ANS-normal albumin and a diminished fluorescence from the tubes with ANS-modified albumin; meanwhile no glow is observed in the tube with an aqueous solution of free ANS. The picture was taken directly on the UV transilluminator as described in Material and Method section. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4443727_F2_389304.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Positional relationships between small subcortical infarcts and white matter hyperintensities. Follow-up infarct lesions were categorized into three groups according to the positional relationships with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs); (1) “isolated”: the infarct lesion is isolated from WMHs (A–C); (2) “adjacent”: less than 50% of the infract lesion overlaps with WMHs (D–F); (3) “fused”: more than 50% of the infarct lesion overlaps with WMHs (G–I). The left column shows the baseline diffusion-weighted images and the right column shows the follow-up FLAIR images. Overlapping images (B,E,H) are acquired by using 3D slicer software (http://www.slicer.org). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4377890_nutrients-07-01916-f004_372794.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) of mouse endometrium decidual cells did not decrease following folate deficiency treatment (×200). Green fluorescence represents monomeric JC-1 in the cytoplasm (left panel), while red fluorescence represents JC-1 aggregates accumulating in the mitochondria due to a high mitochondrial membrane potential (middle panel). ND7, pregnant mice on 7th d.o.p. of normal group. ND8, pregnant mice on 8th d.o.p. of normal group. FD7, pregnant mice on 7th d.o.p. of folate-deficient group. FD8, pregnant mice on 8th d.o.p. of folate-deficient group. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4420327_F1_383406.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Figure 1: CT angiogram |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3899529_F1_260851.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Identification of anatomical projections from A1 to V1. (A) Representative image of the CTB injection site and YoYo-1 nuclear counterstaining, which remained confined within the boundaries of V1. (B) Left; immunofluorescence images showing retrograde transport of CTB injected in V1 to ipsilateral layers IV-VI of the primary auditory cortex (red), with a few scattered somata in layer II-III. Right; in the hemisphere contralateral to the injection site, a few cells are labeled in layers V–VI. Nuclei are counterstained with YoYo-1 (green). Scale bar is 500 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4253092_F11_341164.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Pre-operative anteroposterior (AP) and lateral hip radiographs (A-B) demonstrating metaphyseal loosening of the femoral component. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3235322_F1_118815.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | CLSM images of biofilm on soft tissue from patient 1. Overlay projection (includes all the slices in an image stack) of the biofilm at the center of the ulcer base (A) and at the edge of the ulcer base (B). Bar represents 75 µm. CLSM examination revealed the presence of bacteria ranging from single cells to large aggregates of grape-like clusters (panel A). The bacteria in these clusters were viable, as they appeared fluorescent green after LIVE/DEAD Baclight viability stain. Calcofluor white (blue) stained the EPS excreted by the bacteria (panel B). Host nuclei and fibrous material stained red with propidium iodide (panels A and B). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3430579_F1_152168.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Temporal and spatial distribution of histone H3 and H4 citrullination in oocytes and preimplantation embryos. A. Oocytes and embryos were isolated from CD1 female mice, fixed, permeabilized, and immunolabeled with antibodies against H4Cit3 (red). B. Same as (A) except anti-H3Cit2 + 8 + 17 antibodies (red) were used. Spindle apparatus and microtubule based mid-bodies are indicated by arrows and arrowheads, respectively. C. Same as (A) except anti-H3Cit26 antibodies (red) were used. Nucleoli are denoted by arrows. All samples were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phyenylindole (DAPI) to visualize DNA (Blue). Cells were imaged by laser scanning confocal microscopy. DIC, differential interference contrast. PN, pronuclear. Blast., blastocyst. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4477233_f2_399028.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Phosphorylation of HpPex11p does not affect peroxisome abundance.Fluorescence microscopy images of pex11Δ cells grown on glucose (A) or methanol (B-D), using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). GFP-SKL was used to mark peroxisomes in glucose-grown cells, whereas PMP47-GFP was used to mark peroxisomes in methanol-grown cells. Besides fluorescent markers, cells produced WT or phosphorylation single mutant (A-C) or double mutant (D) forms of Pex11p, as indicated above panels. All scale bars represent 1 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1857823_pone-0000440-g001_10708.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Design and plasma membrane expression of VSFP2s.A: A pair of CFP (donor) and YFP (acceptor) is attached to the 4-transmembrane-voltage-sensing domain (VSD) of Ci-VSP. B, C: Confocal fluorescence (B) and transmission images (C) of PC12 cells transfected with VSFP2D. Note the targeting of the fluorescent protein to the plasma membrane. Scale bar is 30 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4519814_Fig9_410545.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Post-embolisation status in a 53-year-old man with acute haemorrhage after L-PN. Selective embolisation of arterial branches with Embozene particles and metallic coils achieved bleeding control and prompt clinical improvement. Five days later, unenhanced (a), corticomedullary (b) and nephrographic (c) phase multidetector CT acquisitions showed strongly hyperdense coils at the renal sinus causing beam-hardening artefacts, some residual peri-renal blood (*) without persistence of active bleeding, and a wedge-shaped non-enhancing parenchymal area (arrows) consistent with focal infarction. Excretory (d) phase images excluded urine leak from the collecting system |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic33404.jpg | which organ system is shown in the gastrointestinal image? | gastrointestinal |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_43276.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Radiograph, anteroposterior view, demonstrating a right ischial apophyseal avulsion. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2740189_fig-002_45484.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Chest CT showing a partial response of the primary site and multiple metastases of the bilateral lungs. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4094769_f3-mmr-10-02-0593_305709.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunohistochemical staining of claudin-4 proteins in the skin of mice. (A) RA + LP + DMSO group, magnification, ×400; (B) LP + DMSO group, magnification, ×400; (C) RA + DMSO group, magnification, ×400; (D) DMSO group, magnification, ×400; (E) Control group, magnification, ×400; (F) Control group, magnification, ×100. DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; RA, retinoic acid; LP, lipolanthionine peptide. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3230849_f5-viruses-03-02223_118275.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Subcellular distribution of WT and myr-Gag proteins as determined by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) confocal laser microscopy of transfected and fixed HeLa cells. HeLa cells were transfected with plasmids directing expression of myr-add (A), myr-sub (B), and WT, unmodified Gag (C). Cells were fixed with para-formaldehyde and reacted with a guinea pig antiserum against the FFV Gag capsid domain (red staining) while nuclei were counter-stained with DAPI (blue staining) as described in the Experimental Section. Composite z stacks of two confocal sections (out of 25) are shown. Single confocal sections were acquired at the center of the cells (upper panels) and at the apical, top part of the cells (lower panels). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3733987_pone-0070234-g001_222580.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Representative serial X-ray images of left femurs of wildtype mice (AR+/Y) with a critical-sized segmental bone defect treated with a 2.5-mm scaffold containing BMP-2 (5 µg), testosterone (100 µg), or testosterone plus BMP-2.Arrow head: callus formation. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2945342_F4_74597.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Expression of Ngb, Cygb and CA IX in human tumors. Tissue microarrays containing cores obtained from various human tumors were stained with to antibodies to Ngb, Cygb or CA IX. Positive staining was visualized by the chromogenic reaction of HRP with DAB. Photomicrographs were obtained at 20× magnification, and the scale bar indicates 50 μM. (A) ovarian carcinoma; (B) hepatocellular carcinoma; (C) breast infiltrating duct carcinoma. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_42736.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Bone lesion with a chondroid matrix, case of a chondrosarcoma. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4337475_f4-mmr-11-04-2449_361073.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Colocalization of the platelet marker CD41 (green) with (A) CD31 (red) or (B) VEGF (red) in human ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Tissues (4μm) were incubated with anti-CD41, CD31 and VEFG antibodies prior to staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate and rhodamine-conjugated secondary antibodies. The nuclei were stained using diamidinophenylindole (blue). The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (magnification, 400x). CD41, platelet glycoprotein IIb;;CD31, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv69054074y90nk69f4.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3462127_F5_158279.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | LSM imaging of suspension cultured bamboo cells stained with Sytox Green. (A) and (E) 2-week-old cells under SC conditions. (B) and (F) 5-week-old cells under SC conditions. (C) and (G) 2-week-old cells differentiated into FLEs under LG conditions (phytohormone free). (D) and (H) 2-week-old cells differentiated into TEs under LG conditions in the presence of BA. Scales = 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3235312_F2_118809.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Postoperative radiographs of a 14-year-old boy after percutaneous pinning of SCFE. A. supine AP view. B. Frog-leg view. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1550268_ppat-0020085-g002_6646.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Actin Filaments Form in the Nuclei of PRV-Infected Neurons(A) Confocal images are 2-D projections from five consecutive layers in an image stack, taken 0.5 μm apart. GFP-VP26 is visualized by direct fluorescence. Scale bar = 20 μm. An enlargement of one of the nuclei is shown for clarity. Scale bar for enlargement = 10 μm.(B) Quantitation of actin filament formation within nuclei (infected versus mock-infected neurons). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06390.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Transabdominal Doppler interrogation of the uterine artery at the level of the internal cervical os. Uterine artery waveform demonstrating raised PI with an early diastolic notch (arrow). Reproduced with permission from Associate Professor F. da Silva Costa. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_35003.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | OFD pre operative distal aspect of 36 |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic43049.jpg | in what plane was this image taken? | axial |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4610470_sensors-15-24374-f022_434686.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Images of zebrafish organs treated with 20 µM 26 (0.2% DMSO) and 500 nM HgCl2 or 500 nM CH3HgCl. (a) Images of zebrafish organs treated with 26 in the absence of HgCl2 or CH3HgCl; (b) presence of 500 nM HgCl2 or (c) presence of 500 nM CH3HgCl (upper, merged images; lower, fluorescence images). (Reprinted from reference [47]). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1313.jpg | Does sac show brain, pick 's disease? | no |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz4doqw086u45hw7gnu.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl8s40j071u4rhhc5an.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3906106_pone-0087002-g006_262502.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Time-lapse imaging over 3 hours of the ACE4 aptamer internalization in MCF7 cells.The fluorescently labeled ACE4 aptamer was incubated with MCF-7 cells before washing and fluorescent time-lapse imaging. The first two rows display the red fluorescent channel only. The two second ones are a merge of the corresponding fluorescent and brightfield channels. The elapsed time is expressed in minutes and recorded on each merged image only. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qh1ewr08324259funk.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3789089_f3-ol-06-03-0781_235480.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Post-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a parasagittal meningioma in the central gyrus region. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1519.jpg | What is present ? | female reproductive |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3487903_F1_163537.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Brain MRI at the onset of the syndrome (1) and three weeks later (2).: Subcortical oedema at the occipital and parietal lobes bilaterally shown as hyperintense signals on FLAIR and T2 sequences, absence of lesions on T1 sequence. 1.A, 1.B (FLAIR), 1.C, 1.D (T2), 1.E, 1.F (T1), respectively. Three weeks later the subcortical oedema had been subsided from both FLAIR and T2 sequences. : 2.A, 2.B, 2.C, 2.D respectively. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4289312_Fig3_349743.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. |
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) images at diagnosis and after steroid treatment in a patient with isolated polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). FDG uptake in the (A) shoulders, (B) spinous processes of the lower lumbar vertebrae, (C) iliopectineal bursitis, and (D) ischial tuberosity is normalized after therapy (A-D, right panels). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4099390_F1_306290.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Endoscopic ligation of large colonic lipoma: a) large colonic lipoma situated at the hepatic flexure; b) demonstration of “pillow sign”; c) endoloop deployed at the stalk of the lipoma (“naked fat sign” seen upfront); d) scar seen at the follow-up colonoscopy at 12 weeks. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3683004_pone-0066487-g005_211518.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description |
NeuroD1/BrdU double stainings on telencephalic and cerebellar sections of a juvenile X. laevis brain.(A–J) Telencephalon high magnifications of NeuroD1 in situ hybridizations (A, C, F and H) combined with BrdU immunodetections (B, C, F and H) after 14-days BrdU post-administration time. Arrows indicate double stained cells. DAPI stainings are indicated to certify the presence of the nucleus. (K–T) Low magnifications of the above NeuroD1/BrdU/DAPI triple labelling experiments showing larger view of telencephalon (K–O) and cerebellum (P–T). For all images, dorsal is to the top. Scale bar = 15 µm in A–J; 45 µm in K–T. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pt1e2j08323sseb87a.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3457983_pone-0046261-g005_157163.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | EAAT4 and EAAT5 protein localization in mouse tissue.Electron micrographs of EAAT4 (A) and EAAT5 (B) immunogold labeling particles on hair-cell membrane (arrows), calyx inner-face membrane (arrowheads) and calyx outer-face membrane (arrow, lower right in A). In both panels from top to bottom, the darkened area is a hair-cell nucleus rimmed by hair-cell cytoplasm, hair-cell and calyx inner-face membranes. The lightened area with gray mitochondria is a calyx ending whose outer-face abuts supporting cells. Scale bars: 0.5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2808331_pone-0007764-g011_55150.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Vacuole containing trypomastigotes are completely closed.Electron micrographs taken at +4° (A), 0° (B) and −4° (C), using a goniometer, of macrophages treated with dynasore and infected with trypomastigotes of T. cruzi. Bars = 0,5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3817789_F1_241100.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. |
(A) Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) of the cervix.
(B) CIN I (magnification ×100).
(C) CIN I (magnification ×400).
(D) High-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN III).
(E) Vaginal cancer (×100).
(F) Vaginal cancer (×400).
(G) Vaginal biopsy after radiotherapy (×100).
(H) Vaginal biopsy after radiotherapy (×400). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1644.jpg | What is present? | gastrointestinal |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2740114_fig-002_45340.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Renal biopsy showing membranous glomerulopathy, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis with interstitial inflammation. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3483660_fig1_162472.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | (a) Uterine tumor, areas of transition between the high-grade component (lower right field) and the “leiomyoma-like” areas (upper left field) (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×100). (b) Uterine tumor, low-grade areas reminiscent of leiomyoma (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×200). (c) Uterine tumor, High grade areas (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×200). (d) Extrauterine tumor (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×200). (e) Extrauterine tumor, showing osteoid formation (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×200). (f) Extrauterine tumor, showing scattered cells with expression of the estrogen receptor (immunoperoxidase, original magnification ×200). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3001465_pone-0015239-g002_81025.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | The absence of the autophagic buildup in converted fibers of tgKO.Immunostaining of single psoas (fast) fibers for LAMP-1 and LC3. A centrally located region with multiple LC3-positive structures, which represents autophagic buildup, is found in the KO, but not in the tgKO fiber. An isolated LC3-positive autophagosome (arrowhead and inset) can be found in the converted fiber from the tgKO. Electron microscopy (B&W panels) shows autophagosomes in psoas fibers in both KO and tgKO mouse lines. Magnification of the areas marked by the white boxes is shown in the upper panels. Muscle samples were taken from 5 month-old mice. Bar: 10 µm (immunofluorescence) and 500 nm (EM). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2783061_F2_51755.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | (a, b) Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed non-enhancing lesions. (c) Time-of-flight angiography did not detect cerebral vasculitis and showed normal vessel calibers. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4046058_F3_294804.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Histopathology. Gross photomicrograph showing a yellow colored well circumscribed tumour in the upper pole of the kidney (3a). Photomicrographs showing diffuse and trabecular arrangement of tumour cells (3b, 3c & 3d) with marked desmoplastic reaction at places (3e). (3b, 3c & 3d: H&E × 400 each, 3e: H&E × 200). Tumour cells are immunoreactive to chromogranin, synaptophysin and insulin (3f, 3g, 3h × 400 each). MIB 1 LI is 2% (d3i × 200). Electron micrographs showing numerous membrane bound electron dense neurosecretory granules, mitochondria and prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum (3j × 2550; 3k × 9000 original magnification). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4421026_fig1_383557.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | (a) A colonoscopic view of the protruding adenoma surrounding the ostium of the appendix. (b) The same image after chromoscopy with indigo carmine. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4259004_F3_342574.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Type III development over time (non-embryogenic pollen) shown by synchronously acquired DIC and fluorescence images. After the initial symmetric division, the pollen remains bi-cellular, showing no further cell divisions but gradually accumulating starch while remaining viable throughout the observation period (14 days). (A) Uni-nucleate pollen with large vacuole and the nucleus residing opposite to the pollen aperture. (B,C) Symmetrical cell division. (D,E) Cell with two similar sized daughter nuclei and large vacuoles. (F–H) Increase of the cytoplasmic volume and starch accumulation. N, Nucleus; n, nucleolus; PA, pollen aperture; V, vacuole. Bar = 20 μm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54544.jpg | is there something wrong in the image? | no |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0661.jpg | Is polymyositis characterized by endomysial inflammatory infiltrates and myofiber necrosis (arrow)? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3403332_fig6_146275.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Light microscopy images of H&E stained kidney, liver, and spleen. Images were taken at a magnification of 200x. Tissue samples were collected at day 13 following i.v. administration of oxaliplatin or DACHPt/cl-micelles at 4 mg/kg body weight. Vehicle control groups received 100 μL of 5% dextrose. Four administrations were given in total with each administration at every fourth day. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuw8ztg074y3tg1govn.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4432998_Fig1_386696.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. |
(a) Computed tomography (CT) of the head showing left temporal subdural hematoma (SDH) (arrow) with slight mass effect. (b) small left temporal bone erosive lesion (arrow). (c) A bony defect on the left temporal bone (bone window of CT) (arrow). (d) Enlargement of left SDH with significant mass effect (arrow) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2758671_pone-0007406-g002_47448.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | eGFP-TgICMAP1 coats MTs when ectopically expressed in mammalian cells.Images of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells transiently expressing eGFP-TgICMAP1 (green) labeled with anti-tubulin YL1/2 (red), which show that eGFP-TgICMAP1 binds to a subset of MTs, mainly around the nucleus. Insets: notice that MT segments labeled by eGFP-TgICMAP1 tend to have much weaker staining of tubulin antibody than adjacent segments (arrowheads and brackets). Images are projections of deconvolved 3-D stacks. Insets are single optical sections of indicated regions in images and are at 2× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2989703_fig4_79344.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | (a) Dermoscopy showed structureless areas with blue hue and a globular pattern. Ulceration was present in the center of the nodule (original magnification 30×). (b) RCM image (0.5 × 0.5 mm) at dermal level, showing pleomorphic small cells (yellow arrow) arranged to form a cerebriform nests delimitated by fibrous septa (scale bar: 50 μm). (c) RCM image (0.5 × 0.5 mm) at dermal level, showing an enlarged new-born vessel with a prominent blood flow (yellow arrow) (scale bar: 50 μm). (d) Histology showing a solid proliferation of atypical melanocytes in which new-born vessels can be recognized (H&E section; original magnification ×100). |
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