image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1831.jpg | Is fat necrosis present? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4631598_pone.0142211.g007_440246.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Resorption activity of ER-Hoxb8-derived OCs compared to conventional OCs.(A) Representative microscopy images of pit formation assays performed with dentin discs and mature OCs from indicated sources. Resorption pits were visualized after removal of cells and toluidine blue staining. RAW 264.7 macrophages (“MΦ”) were used as negative control. Scale bars = 400 μm. (B) Microscopy images of mature OCs re-plated in CaP-coated cell culture plates after formalin-fixation and TRAP plus AgNO3 staining. Scale bars = 100 μm. (C) Representative examples of merged and inverted overviews of 24-well cell culture plates obtained from 7x7 individual microscopic images at 20x magnification. Resorption areas are visible as black spots. Scale bars = 1 mm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3176472_F1_109138.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Perfusion defect detected by V/Q (SPECT reconstruction). Regular ventilation left, perfusion defect right (arrow). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4061226_f1-etm-08-01-0105_298930.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Representative PAS staining results of each group (magnification, ×400). (A) SHAM; (B) MI and (C) OLM group. PAS, periodic acid-Schiff; SHAM, sham surgery; MI, myocardial infarction; OLM, olmesartan medoxomil. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_12930.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Follow-up CTA obtained 6 months after surgery demonstrated resolution of extrinsic compression of hypoplastic left vertebral artery with good blood flow |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3590135_pone-0058600-g002_189876.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Damage assessment using linear imaging techniques.a) Confocal, b) LT and c) combined images of the region surrounding the axon before the laser dissection. d–f) show the same region after the surgery (see Media S1). Damage is evidenced by increased autofluorescence in the confocal image and a dark spot in the LT image. Both damage structures colocalize at the combined image. Excitation of the GFP labeled neurons was done at 488 nm. Arrows point to the place of the laser axotomy. Scale bar 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3742185_f8-ijms-14-13241_224405.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Subcellular localization of fluorescent recombinant proteins in leaves of transgenic tobacco. Leaf epidermis from plants expressing p24RFP-TMD17 (A–C), p24RFP-TMD20 (D-F) or p24RFP-TMD23; (G–I) were analyzed by confocal microscopy. RFP fluorescence (A, D and G), brightfield (B, E and H) and merge (C, F and I) are shown. Arrows indicate the nuclear envelope and putative cortical ER; arrowheads indicate intracellular dots. Scale bars: 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3087226_F0001_94312.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | (a) Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of left knee of a 38-year-old man with type C3 open distal femur fracture, patella fracture and proximal tibial fracture on the left leg; initial treatment with external fixator and temporary vacuum assisted closure. (b) Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays show definitive treatment with LISS plate after conditioning of soft tissues. (c) Nonunion developed and was treated with re-osteosynthesis, and application of osteogenic protein 1 (OP1, bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7)), and cancellous bone that resulted in osseous union. The Patellar and upper tibial implants were removed |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_65272.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | December, 2010 – Prominence of cardiac silhouette with prominence of pulmonary vasculature. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q01ebv08327ebv2khq.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Center-right, Lower-center |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4131879_pone-0103348-g006_313239.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Detection of GAP43 expression in the sciatic nerve of 808-nm LLLT laser-treated distal site using immunofluorescent staining.Groups: sham-operated rats without (normal) or with 8 J/cm2 LLLT (normal+8J) and rats with sciatic nerve crush injury without (crush) or with LLLT at 3 J/cm2 (crush+3J), 8 J/cm2 (crush+8J) or 15 J/cm2 (crush+15J). Sections were labeled with DAPI (blue), GAP43 (green) and neurofilament (red), which is specifically expressed in neurites. Original magnification: 100×. White boxes show the enlarged views with a magnification of 400×. Scale bar, 200 um. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1557733_F4_6894.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Keratin 6ab (K6ab)-null mammary gland whole-mount analysis. Mammary glands were isolated from intact wild-type (WT) or K6ab-null animals at 6 weeks (a–d) or transplanted WT or K6ab-null tissues were harvested after either 4 weeks of outgrowth (e–h) or 10 weeks of outgrowth after 2 days of treatment with estrogen and progesterone (i–l). Whole-mount staining of the glands to reveal ductal structures is shown at two magnifications. Scale bar, 1 mm. LN, lymph node. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4586495_F2_427976.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Ovarian pathology in KiLHRD582G mice. Representative photomicrographs of H&E stained ovary sections of WT and KiLHRD582G mice. At least three animals per age and genotype were examined. Higher magnification of the boxed areas in sections of KiLHRD582G mice at 4, 6, 12, and 24 weeks are shown in the last column. C, hemorrhagic cyst; GCT, granulosa cell tumor; AF, atretic follicle. Arrow indicates tubulostromal hyperplasia. Scale bars represent 100 μm. From Hai et al. (45). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3085123_fig04_94104.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Nuclear damage in KB-3-1 cells by treatment with 1 μm 12. Photos were taken by fluorescence microscopy after nuclei staining with Hoechst 33258. The figures show the microscopic morphology of the cells incubated in the presence of A) DMSO (0.1 % (v/v), control), and in the presence of 12 for B) 6, C) 18, and D) 24 h. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4247711_Fig3_340207.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. |
Histological appearance of typical chondromyxoid fibroma. (a) Low-power view shows distinct lobulation of the tumour with intervening cellular stromal areas (2× magnification; haematoxylin and eosin stain). (b) Medium (10×) and (c) high (20×) magnification shows stellate and spindle-shaped cell set in a chondroid matrix (haematoxylin and eosin stain). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvk90uc074y5tpm0apw.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3754930_pone-0072771-g007_227652.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Live cell imaging of Pbred during mosquito infection.Representative live cell images of Pbred c507 development inside the Anopheles vector. Presented are DIC images in combination with nuclear stain (Hoechst; left) and fluorescent images for mCherry (center) and GFP (right). Life cycle stages are indicated on the left. Scale bars, 5 µm for ookinete and sporozoite, and 10 µm for oocyst, respectively. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3744506_pone-0071942-g004_224997.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | In a 44-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma in S2 and S3, left gastric artery participates in blood supply for the carcinoma.Maximum intensity projection (a) and volume rendering technique (b) display that left gastric artery gives off a branch into the lesion and the branch is enlarged apparently (white arrow). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2257.jpg | What is present ? | Varices |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4633512_F3_441151.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses of filament morphology of F. diplosiphon wild-type (WT) and WT strain overexpressing bolA (WT OE) grown under GL or RL.
(A) Representative optical slices from a Z-series of chlorophyll autofluorescence images of WT and WT OE strains grown under GL and RL for 72 h. Images were acquired using a 10× objective with 2× zoom setting. Bars, 50 μm. (B) Filament length measurements of WT and WT OE strains grown under GL or RL for 72 h. Identical letters over bars represent a homogeneous mean group (P > 0.05), whereas asterisks indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05) from WT. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4609855_fig2_434509.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Histological changes. (a–d) PAS staining at day 7 of control animals (a), UUO operated animals (b), UUO animals with Ac-SDKP treatment (c), and UUO animals with Captopril treatment (d). Magnification (400x). (e) Tubulointerstitial injury index of renal cortex for assessing tubular and interstitial damage and graded in an observer-blinded manner from an arbitrary scale of 0–5 (1 ≤ 10%; 2 = 10–25%; 3 = 26–50%; 4 = 51–75%; 5 = 76–95%; 6 ≥ 95%). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic45152.jpg | what is the plane of the mri? | coronal |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4438203_Fig2_388081.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Enlargement of bilateral IAMs with CN hypoplasia. Male, 6 years old. Bilateral severe hearing loss. a, b Enlargement of the IAM, binaural enlarged vestibular aqueducts. The CNC on the right side is 1.9 mm (a), whereas 1.8 mm on the left side (b). c, d Oblique sagittal reconstruction of MRI imaging shows normal development of the right CN, FN and vestibular nerve in the IAM (c); the diameter of the left CN is smaller than that of the FN, suggesting CN hypoplasia (d) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2761926_F3_47923.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Neural markers and glial markers were expressed in early spheres. The Sox1-positive floating spheres (A, Sox1-GFP) were positive for βIII-tubulin (B, red) and neurofilament M (C, blue) indicating early upregulation of neural genes in the neural progenitor cells. The tubulin and neurofilament labeling overlap (D, merged). GFAP (G, in red) is expressed at the same time as β-III tubulin (F, in blue) in these Sox1-GFP containing spheres (E, in green), indicating that differentiation of both neural and glial lineages has been initiated in the neural progenitors. Most of these cells were non-overlapping (H, merged images). Scale bar is 50 microns. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3962460_pone-0092856-g001_276151.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Morphology of Thyasira cf. gouldi from Bonne Bay, Newfoundland.
A. Outer view of the left shell valve, with a weakly projecting auricle (a), a well-defined submarginal sulcus (ss) forming a marginal sinus, a distinct, yet rounded, posterior fold (pf), and a rounded ventral margin (vm). B. Inner view of the right valve, revealing the absence of dentition along the hinge plate (hp). C. Scanning electron micrograph of the larval shell (∼ 181 μm diameter). D. Internal anatomy, showing a gill (g) with two demibranchs, the digestive diverticula (d), foot (f), anterior adductor (aa), posterior adductor (pa) and mantle margin, thickened at the anterior end. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3231192_f3-sensors-10-08526_118331.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Histochemical analysis of GUS expression in leaf tissues of tobacco (A) and Arabidopsis (B) plants exposed to heat-shock at 42 °C for 6 h. HSP-FLP-GUS (transgenic containing FLP/FRT recombination system); HSP-GUS (transgenic control: heat-shock promoter driving GUS expression); 35S-GUS (transgenic control: CaMV 35S promoter driving GUS expression); wild type (non-transgenic control). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3646018_pone-0063737-g002_202936.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Subcellular distribution of full-length, truncated (Δ55–Δ614), or mutated (H569Q) NS80.Green fluorescence of NS80 truncations were distributed in the cytoplasm (NS80, Δ55–Δ417), gradually localized in the nucleus (Δ491–Δ549), or diffusely distributed in whole cells (Δ614 and H569Q). Blue fluorescence shows the nuclei stained by Hoechst 33342. Truncated NS80-FLAG proteins located in the nucleus are indicated with white arrows. Bar = 20 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2029.jpg | Does this image show kidney, adult polycystic kidney? | yes |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3072527_f0045_92063.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Effect of MG132 on the localization and morphology of cellular compartments. HeLa cells were treated with control DMSO for 20 h or 10 μM MG132 for 6 or 20 h, fixed, permeabilized and stained for: Rab5 or EEA1 (early endosomes), CD63 (late endosomes), MitoTracker Orange (mitochondria), and GM130 (the Golgi apparatus). All panels represent single confocal scans. Bar, 20 μm. The color panels show co-staining for the organelles (red) and APPL1 (green) from cells treated with MG132 for 20 h. Insets show magnification of APPL1 clusters; inset size: 5.3 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00779.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Orthopantomogram showing well-defined 3×3-cm periapical radiolucency involving the roots 35, 36, and 37. Of them, 35 appeared to be endodontically treated and with a replaced crown |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3213346_fig05_115230.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Live cell imaging of colocalization of SNAPf-EGFR and EGF-CLIPf. HEK293 cells stably expressing SNAPf-EGFR were labeled with 5 μm CBG-549-QSY7 (red) at 25 °C for 5 min. Cells were then incubated for 2 min with EGF-CLIPf labeled with CLIP-Surface 488 (green) at 500 ng mL−1 prior to imaging by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Nuclear staining was performed with Hoeschst 33342 (blue). Right side panel shows the merged micrographs of the FITC, rhodamine and DAPI channels. Scale bars: 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3913271_F5_263847.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Radiograph of the skull of an EB, with linear measurements (transversal diameter blue color, longitudinal diameter red color). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4669128_pone.0144020.g005_450209.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Characteristics of in vitro cultures of Verticillium dahliae and microscopic observations of complemented mutant strains ΔCYC8-C.The comparisons were conducted with the wild-type strain Vd080, the original VdCYC8 insertional mutant strain T286 and complemented mutants which were tagged with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1502155_pmed-0030253-g005_6055.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Endocytosed Schistosomal Surface Proteins Accumulate in Enlarged LysosomesCHO-LDLA cells lacking (LDLA) or re-transfected with LDL receptor (LDLR) were incubated with control (C) or patient (P) sera, fixed, and processed for immunofluorescence microscopy. Localization of schistosomal glycoproteins (sGP, red) or SM200 (SM200, red) and of the lysosomal marker protein LAMP-1 (green) was imaged by confocal laser fluorescence microscopy. Note the enlarged lysosomes in cells (LDLR + P) that take up schistosomal proteins on lipoprotein particles. Bars, 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3147134_fig4_104069.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Case report: angiographic and scintigraphic data; right selective angiography (a), selective angiography of the common hepatic artery vascularizing segment IV and the left liver (b), SPECT (c) and SPECT/CT (d) after injection of the MAA at the level of the central hepatic artery revealing an unexpected uptake in the right liver, in addition to the expected uptake of segment IV and left liver (whole liver distribution, volume 1829cc). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1764006_F3_8286.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Common skeletal defects observed in KBG syndrome include supernumerary cervical rib (a, arrow), schisis of the posterior arch of cervical (b, arrow) and/or sacral (c, arrow) vertebrae. Left hand X-ray of a 10-year-old male KBG patient (d) showing shortened tubular bones especially of the III-IV-V metacarpus, the I distal and the V middle phalanges with clinodactylous V finger. Bone age is delayed in particular with respect to carpal bones. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3866879_fig2_252647.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Higher magnification of the same worm shows arrangement of the cuticle with external ridges and internal striae. There are two striae for each interridge—one in between two ridges and one striae immediately under each ridge. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3310854_pone-0033182-g010_131275.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Top 20% brain regions detected by the longitudinal feature selection method on MRI images. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3187774_pone-0025451-g001_110958.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Volumetric brain tumor mapping of FLAIR, Necrosis, and Contrast Enhancement.A 55 year old male patient with a right temporal GBM. (a) Axial FLAIR image demonstrates segmentation (in blue) of the region of FLAIR hyperintensity corresponding to the area of edema/tumor infiltration. Notice the segmented enhancement (yellow) and necrosis (orange) that has been segmented on the T1WI post- contrast. (b) The segmented edema/tumor infiltration (blue), enhancement (yellow) and necrosis (orange) are seen overlaid on a base post- contrast T1WI. (c) Axial post-contrast enhanced T1WI demonstrates the segmentation of the enhancement (yellow) and necrosis (orange). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3200343_pone-0026577-g005_113046.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | A representative animal of collateral rich NHP (2 hours occlusion of MCA).Axial (A) and coronal (B) MRI FLAIR at day 3 demonstrate high intensity area located primarily in the left basal ganglia. Axial (C) and coronal (D) image of MRI T2WI at 1-year post- stroke demonstrated high intensity area is reduced. Gross brain anatomy revealed no obvious lesion in the surface of the brain at 1 year after stroke (E, F). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2270859_F1_19505.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Computed Tomography at Presentation. Panel A. Chest CT demonstrating enlarged lymph node (LAD) in the azygoesophageal recess measuring 2.8 cm × 2.3 cm. Note the anterior deviation of the trachea. Az (azygous vein), Ao (aorta), Vb (vertebral body), SVC (superior vena cava). Panel B. Abdominal CT demonstrating multiple enlarged centrally necrotic retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The largest conglomerate, left periaortic lymph nodes, measured 5.5 cm × 5.0 cm. White arrows point to additional masses with central necrosis. Panel C, Abdominal CT demonstrating bilateral common iliac lymphadenopathy (C = common iliac artery). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4333885_Fig1_360213.jpg | Describe the image concisely. |
X-ray taken before the patient’s first surgery.
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splits/subfolder_3/PMC3073981_pone-0018702-g002_92207.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image |
ptenb MO target sites and potency examination.(A) Partial mRNA map of ptenb. The black and white boxes represent part of the coding sequence (CDS) with ATG translation initiation site and 5′ untranslated region (UTR), respectively. The ptenb tMO1 and tMO2 binding sites are located at the 5′ UTR as shown. The potency of tMO1 to reduce ptenb expression was shown by co-injecting 150 pg PCS2+_ptenb 5′ UTR plasmid, which containing the tMO1 binding site, with or without 5 ng tMO1. Representative photographs of control (B,C) and morphant embryos (D,E) under bright (B,D) and dark fields (C,E) are shown. These experiments were repeated 3 times. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3215747_pone-0027485-g002_115594.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Teratoma sections derived from HES3 LC3-GFP cells and persistence of LC3-GFP transgene expression.(A), Representative sections of a 6 week old teratoma derived from HES3-LC3-GFP cells showed cell types representative of the three germlayers with each section shown magnified at right. (B), GFP fluorescence persists in teratomas of HES3-LC3-GFP cells. Representative images showing haemtoxylin/eosin staining and GFP fluorescence of two immediately adjacent serial sections of a HES3-LC3-GFP teratoma are shown. Brightfield and DAPI staining images corresponding to the GFP-fluorescence panel are shown. Arrow heads highlight autophagosomes in themagnified section (inset). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_67921.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Laterolateral radiograph of the skull of a 6-year-old female sheep. Characters indicate reference lines (blue), perpendicular (orange) and measure-lines (green) ([8], figure reproduced with the permission of the publisher) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyido50086u8ysn48jj.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4264102_F2_344113.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Immediate post-op Radiograph |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4044682_F1_294241.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | DCE images of a swine with a chronic anteroseptal MI acquired with rGRAPPA (R = 8) and a temporal footprint of 70 ms. Left: SAX and LAX view images captured in a single cardiac cycle are shown in a) and c) respectively. Right: Images after averaging over 8 cardiac cycles. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4458842_fig10s2_394160.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | FERΔexJM-GFP localization.(A) FER-GFP and FERΔexJM-GFP (see Figure 8A) localization in transformed Arabidopsis roots (4-day-old seedlings). Single optical sections (upper panel) and maximum projection of the entire Z-stacks (lower panel) of typical signal patterns for the wild type and exJM-deleted FER-GFP. (B) Colocalization of FERΔexJM-GFP and RFP-ER in transiently co-transformed protoplasts. Boxed regions are contrast-enhanced equally to highlight the colocalization signal. Scale bar: 50 μm.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06587.027 |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4404645_F13_379568.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | (A) vitamin A polymer gel low magnification (B) β,β-carotene polymer gel low magnification (C) vitamin A polymer gel higher magnification (D) β,β-carotene polymer gel higher magnification. (E) vitamin A polymer gel high magnification for thin film (F) β,β-carotene polymer gel high magnification for thin film. Thin films in E and F were exposed to higher concentrations of air oxygen that increased the free-radical peroxidation crosslinking and produced extensive cure shrinkage gaps between the polymers formed |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3913347_fig2_263865.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Transmission electron microscopy of the kidney tissue (×10,000). Hydropic endothelial cells and podocytes, endothelial pore broadening, irregular thickening and decrease in the electronic density of the basement membrane, and partial foot process fusion were visualized in the experimental groups (red arrow), especially in the diabetic nephropathy group, but were found to be recovered in the MH group. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3020687_F4_84146.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Auxin-responsive reporter gene expression in eif3h-1 mutants. (A and B) DR5:GFP expression in wild type and eif3h root tips, respectively. (C and D) PIN1:PIN1-GFP expression in wild type and eif3h mutant root, respectively. Left panels show GFP fluorescence by confocal microscopy of a medial optical section and right panels show the corresponding brightfield image. Paired images were taken under the same magnification, exposure time, and processing conditions. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3776953_F1_232343.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | X-ray film autoradiograms showing results of in situ hybridization studies. Twelve-micron coronal frozen sections were hybridized to 33P-dATP end-labeled antisense deoxynucleotide probes for neudesin (Panels A and B), mPRε (Panel C), mPRδ (Panel D) or neuferricin (Panel E). Hybridization was as described previously (Intlekofer and Petersen, 2011) and sections were placed against Kodak BioMax MR film (Rochester, NY) for 2 weeks. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2924889_pone-0012293-g001_71833.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Representative expression patterns of FOXO3a and P-Akt in tissue microarray.Tumour tissue samples obtained from breast cancer patients that had been formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded were immunohistochemically stained with FOXO3a and P-Akt (Thr308) antibodies using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. A) Representative FOXO3a staining patterns in both tumour and non-tumour cases (magnification ×170). B) Two representative tumour cases showing corresponding FOXO3a and P-Akt staining patterns (magnification ×170). Case 1 shows high cytoplasmic pAkt staining and strong cytoplasmic and nucleus FOXO3a staining. Case 2 shows weak pAkt and FOXO3a staining. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3596912_fig3_191548.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Histological examination demonstrated degenerated collagen and fibrosis with a peripheral lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in dermis (haematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×200). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_79308.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Angiography of the left coronary artery in RAO projection with caudal angulation. Distal segment of the LAD at the anterior wall of the ventricle is marked by red circle for correlation with echocardiographic image |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3540033_pone-0053940-g003_177625.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Rootlet microtubules are disorganized in the bld2-5 and bld2-6 strains.(A, B) Rootlet microtubules in wild-type cells form a cruicate pattern. (C, D) bld2-5 cells show an aberrant number and placement of rootlet microtubules. (E, F) The bld2-5; BLD2 strain shows a wild-type rootlet microtubule phenotype (N = 15). Pseudorevertants bld2-7 (G, H) and bld2-9 (I, J) have a nearly wild-type rootlet microtubule phenotype but splaying occurs at the ends of the microtubules (arrow). (K, L) The tub2-1 strain has increased acetylated α-tubulin staining. (M, N) The bld2-6 cells have a severe disorganization of rootlet microtubules. Scale bar in Panel A equals 5 µm. Panels A–N are at the same magnification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4683339_F1_454239.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Post-contrast axial computed tomography scan demonstrates intussuscepted dissection flap (A) in aortic arch with very narrow residual true lumen (C) and a larger false lumen (B). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4276935_viruses-06-04902-f005_346820.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Negative stain images of Marburg virus (A) and Ebola virus (B), illustrating that Ebola virus has a longer length than Marburg virus. Bars, 100 nm; (C) Thin section image of a large inclusion in an Ebola virus-infected cell. Bar, 500 nm; (D) Intermediate inclusion in the cytoplasm of a Marburg virus-infected cell. Bar, 580 nm. (Figure A, courtesy of Russell Regnery, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Figure D, courtesy of Thomas Geisbert, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA.) |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_71237.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Representative axial slice from pre-treatment MRI |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3170257_F1_107887.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Classification of spermatozoa selected at 6,000 × magnification into 3 different categories. Class I - spermatozoa of good quality, Class II - spermatozoa of worse quality, and Class III - spermatozoa of poor quality. Legend: a,b,c - spermatozoa of Class I; d,e,f - spermatozoa of Class II; g,h,i - spermatozoa of Class III. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4553335_fig3_418769.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Lateral radiograph of patient with severe cranial settling. Of note, the settling is so severe that the dens is not identifiable due to overlying mastoid air cells and skull base, arrow identifying the anterior arch of C1 (a). Sagittal reconstructions of computed tomography of the cervical spine in the same patient. Note the anterior arch of C1 is at Station III and the dens (arrow) projects through the inferior margin (line) of the foramen magnum (b). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic45060.jpg | what is abnormal in the mri? | chiari iii hindbrain malformation with large occipital encephalocele |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4630387_fig1_440027.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The example of lesion's location and volume in two patients. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_52174.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Lung consolidation. When the lung is consolidated (asterisk), it has a tissue-like appearance. The consolidation also allows penetration of the ultrasound beam, revealing the vertebral stripe (arrow) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4054953_fig4_297089.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | SOX2 and Ki-67 expression in U373 cells implanted in the motor cortex of rats under different treatments: vehicle, P4, RU486, or P4 + RU486. Each panel shows nuclei stained with Hoechst in blue, Ki-67 expression in bright green, SOX2 expression in red, and the colocalization of Ki-67 and SOX2 in orange. Magnification is represented by 100 μm scale in all photomicrographs. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2975.jpg | What is present ? | vasculature |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4203679_pone-0108359-g001_329242.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Morphometric changes after MBSR.Panels A, B, C and D show the results of voxel-wise cortical thickness comparison between MBSR trainees and control-group participants (repeated measures ANCOVA, p<.05, Montecarlo correction for multiple comparisons; individual VBCT masks), with clusters of increased thickness plotted on a reference T1-weighted image in MNI space and radiological convention. Specifically, panels A and C show axial, coronal and sagittal views of right somatosensory cluster, while B and D show the cluster located in the right insula. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_23651.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Brace extension for an unstable knee as attached to an Ilizarov fixator |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4615854_fig4_435351.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Representative photomicrographs of the histopathological changes in area CA1 of the hippocampus in mice. (a) HE staining. (b) TUNEL staining. Cells with a brown-stained cytoplasm are considered positive. Sham, sham-operated group; VaD, VaD model group; Cb H, C. butyricum- (1 × 108 CFU-) treated group; Cb M, C. butyricum- (1 × 107 CFU-) treated group; and Cb L, C. butyricum- (1 × 106 CFU-) treated group. Magnification: 400x. Scale bar = 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4053522_pone-0099865-g002_296931.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Histopathologic correlation of MR imaging data with biopsy specimens in a 33-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma.A, CT-guided biopsy; B, T2WI-TIRM; C, ADC map and ROI where ADCs have been measured are illustrated, 1 = ROI; D, corresponding histopathologic results for the tumour sample (original magnification, HE×400). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4498918_pone.0131943.g005_405226.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Subcellular position of (δ:GFP)2 or (δD60A:GFP)2 foci in presence of ω2 or ω2ΔN19.Cells bearing plasmid-borne P
δ δ:gfp and P
ω ω genes (A), P
δ δD60A:gfp and P
ω ω (B), or P
δ δD60A:gfp and P
ω ωΔN19 genes (C) were grown in MMS7 at 30°C. Images of cells with GFP fluorescence, images of the same cells stained with DAPI to show DNA, and the merge of both images are shown. Scale bar is 5 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_3018.jpg | Does immunostain for growth hormone show glioma? | no |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3264552_pone-0030040-g007_123015.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunostaining of OBP10 on the eggs of H. assulta.
Eggs that had been laid on a piece of cotton were directly stained with the antiserum against OBP10, following the same protocol as for Western blot analysis. The upper panels show fertilized eggs at different magnifications. The lower panels show parallel experiments performed with unfertilized eggs, collected from females that had never been in contact with males. The heavy staining is specifically associated with fertilized eggs on the tip opposite to the micropyle. Calibration bars: 100 µm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4405832_Fig4_379784.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative |
Photomicrograph of cell apoptosis and podocyte marker WT-1 in KK-A
y
mice kidney. (A) The apoptotic cells were labeled with TUNEL (×400) in mice kidney. (B) The podocytes were perfumed by immunohistochemistry staining of the renal tissues for WT-1 (×400). (C) The average WT-1 positive podocytes per glomerulus were expressed as means ± SEM (n = 40). **P < 0.01 compared to KK-Ay vehicle group. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic26932.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | fronto-nasal encephalocele |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3369560_fig3_140920.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Fiberoptic laryngoscopy revealed a complete healing of the vocal cord. Laryngeal morphology and motility were preserved. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3995505_F1_282904.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Preprocessing of a chest CT scan. a) original image b) image with changes on opacity, color and gradient. Removing defects caused by lack of contrast in the image acquisition process by filters of opacity, color and gradient to improve the image quality. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3420732_fig6_150339.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | In the parts of the cyst showing multiple polygonal squamous cells without a granular cell layer or hyperkeratosis, the inner cyst cells are immunopositive for carcinoembryonic antigen. Immunostain; magnification: ×400. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qb1em70832fvve5w18.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4027997_F1_290041.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Before the first chemotherapy treatment (May 2013) (A). After the second course of chemotherapy (B). After 26 days (C) and 11 weeks (D) of crizotinib treatment. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3231092_f8-sensors-10-10601_118319.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Far wall IMT detection. (a) Raw sub-image. (b) Solid line: Automatic detection result. Dash line: Manual drawing. (Sequence S3). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4442396_F2_389188.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of wild-type and RRR11–13A versions of MX2 and MX1(NMX2). HeLa cells were seeded on glass coverslips and transfected with pCAGGS-based vectors expressing Flag-tagged wild-type or RRR11–13A forms of MX2 or MX1(NMX2) and fixed 16 h posttransfection. MX proteins and the NE were visualized using Flag- or NUP358-specific antibodies, respectively, and confocal microscopy (13). Bar, 12.5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2361992_fig3_21617.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Fas localisation in GLC4 and GLC4-Adr determined with the mouse monoclonal CH11 anti-Fas antibody (Upstate Biotechnology) using confocal laser microscopy. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3876591_fig2_255006.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | CT scan of abdomen and chest; large abdominal mass in right side and paravertebral mediastinal mass in left side. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4212543_fig3_330976.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | SEM view of Nd:YAP lased dentin treated previously with EDTA (18%). SEM view of exposed dentine with Nd:YAP laser beam at 1.8 W (a) and 2 W (b). We can notice a tubules narrowing. Arrows show some occluded tubules. Magnification: 3000x. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2865451_F4_63456.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Localization of expression of the TβR-II, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, Smad7 and phosphorylated Smad2 in CNE2 cells. (A) The TβR-II was located mainly in the cell membrane, and positive staining Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, was found in regions of both cytoplasm and nucleus, while the staining of Smad7 was mainly in the area of nucleus. (B) Phosphorylated Smad2 was undetectable in CNE2 cells without TGF-β1, after stimulation with TGF-β1, phosphorylated Smad2 could be detected in the cytoplasm of CNE2 cells, while Smad7 located originally in nuclear without TGF-β1, and it could be detected in the cytoplasm after stimulation of TGF-β1. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4000423_Fig2_284390.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | The expressions of NET-1 and Ki67 in SSCC. Paraffin section of SSCC was stained with anti-NET-1 polyclonal antibody (a) and Ki67 monoclonal antibody (b) immunocytochemistry methods. NET-1 located in the cytoplasm, Ki67 located in the nuclear; a1, b1 well differentiated; a2, b2 middle differentiated and a3, b3 lower differentiated; magnification ×200 |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4498700_fig3_405078.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Variation in crystal scores for a single condition in a single plate. Protein Tt94, condition D7a (protein:precipitant ratio of 1:1). (a) Scored as 6 (needles); (b) scored as 8 [three-dimensional crystal(s)]; (c) scored as 4 (‘bright spots’). All images are on the same scale, with the scale bar in (b) corresponding to 200 µm. The indicated region of (a) is enlarged, showing the needles. Note that they show a light-pipe effect, with the ends glowing brighter than the body of the needles. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4667829_ece31686-fig-0001_449722.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | The two studied diploid species, locally endemic Knautia carinthiaca (A) and widespread K. arvensis (B). The former is one of the presumed parents of allotetraploid K. norica (C); that species and K. carinthiaca were reported to coexist on Mt. Otwinskogel. Circular insets show the hair density on the abaxial leaf surface close to the mid rib. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4315487_Fig2_355160.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | A patient with multifocal PCa (a, c) and another patient (b, d) with unifocal PCa with a rarely seen inguinal lymph node metastasis. Red arrows point to PCa within the prostate gland and blue arrow points to an inguinal lymph node metastasis. Both patients had GSC 7, although the tumours present with different contrast. Colour scales were automatically produced by the PET/CT machine. a Low-dose CT of the patient with a multifocal PCa, c corresponding fusion of PET and low-dose CT 1 h p.i., b low-dose CT of the patients with the unifocal PCa, d corresponding fusion of PET and low-dose CT 1 h p.i. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4049752_f1-ol-07-06-1895_295889.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Patient with histological World Health Organization grade II diffuse astrocytoma and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation. Magnetic resonance imaging (A) T2-weighted, (B) T1-weighted, (C) FLAIR and (D) postcontrast T1-weighted axial as well as postcontrast T1-weighted (E) sagittal and (F) coronal (indicated by the black arrow) images demonstrated a lesion located in the posterior part of the superior frontal gyrus (non-functional region). The lesion (hyperintense on T2 images, hypointense on T1 images and hyperintense on FLAIR images with no postcontrast enhancement) showed well-demarcated, homogeneous high-signal intensity predominantly involving the white matter. No significant edema or mass effect were found adjacent to the cerebral falx. FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3933389_F3_269150.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Cytoplasmic (a-e) and nuclear (a, c and e) expression of PRMT5 is seen throughout the entire spectrum of lung tumors; representative examples of adenocarcinoma (a), squamous cell carcinoma (b-c), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (d) and typical carcinoid tumor (e); no PRMT5 is observed in normal alveolar parenchyma (f) Panels (b) and (d) illustrate low and high cytoplasmic expression, respectively; panels (a) and (e) illustrate low and high nuclear expression, respectively; immunohistochemistry; original magnification ×400. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic47203.jpg | in what plane is this image taken? | sagittal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3485287_pone-0048026-g008_162939.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Localization of Gα proteins in germinating conidia.Conidia from strains expressing GNA-1-TagRFP, GNA-2-TagRFP, GNA-3-TagRFP and untransformed controls were inoculated on solid medium and analyzed after 0, 4, 6 and 8 h of growth. Images were captured by bright field and the 543 nm HyD laser using the Leica TCS SP5 II inverted confocal microscope. The arrowhead, asterisk and solid arrow correspond to plasma membrane, vacuole and septa localization, respectively. Panels are only shown for time points in which fluorescence can be detected above background. All panels are 4× zoom, with the exception of GNA-1 at 8 h, which is 2×. Scale bar = 5 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_49651.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Sagittal post contrast T1 fat saturation image. Sagittal post contrast T1 fat saturation images demonstrated focal enhancement within the plantar muscles of the forefoot, specifically within flexor digitorum and the lumbricales. In addition, there was a focal patchy abnormal increased signal within the calcaneus and distal fibula. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4409296_pone.0124821.g001_380729.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | The male patient aged 47 years was admitted 2 days after left elbow injury induced by falls.a,b. Anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films before operation shows dislocation of left elbow joint, ulnar coronoid process fractures, and radial head fractures; c,d. Three-dimensional CT reconstruction before operation shows dislocation of left elbow joint, comminuted fractures of ulnar coronoid process, and comminuted fractures of radial head; e,f. Anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films were taken after fixation was conducted by applying medial and lateral elbow approaches; g. Three-dimensional CT reconstruction of vertical plane after operation indicates that elbow joint recovers with concentric reduction. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2625347_F3_32457.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | NiV sequence can rescue Ebola VP40-induced cellular morphology. (A) The L-domain and flanking sequence of VP40 (underlined) was replaced with a sequence derived from NiV M (shaded) containing the YPLGVG sequence. (B) COS-1 cells were transfected with plasmids encoding VP40 wt, VP40 ΔPT/PY, or VP40-NiV. Cells were fixed 20–24 h post-transfection, permeablilized, and incubated with mouse anti-VP40 MAb followed by Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-mouse antibody and analyzed by confocal microscopy. The VP40-NiV immunofluorescence experiment was performed separately; all images are representative. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3829728_f2-etm-06-06-1507_243678.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Photographs and histological analyses of adhesions in knee joints. Compared with the adhesions in (A and D) the control group and (B and E) the ibuprofen group, the adhesions in (C and F) the celecoxib group were reduced in number and volume. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (original magnification, ×100). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4063130_fig2_299513.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Various imaging findings of a 46-year-old male with CSM who underwent DDR at C3-C6 (left: before surgery, right: after surgery). |
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