image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2264.jpg | Is gastrointestinal present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3012086_pone-0015741-g004_82595.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Optical projection tomography of 5F7-LacZ stained embryos.Optical projection tomography (OPT) images of selected LacZ stained embryos. One representative embryo for each orthologous mouse human and chicken enhancer was selected. Arrowheads highlight expression in the trigeminal ganglion. Top: sagittal sections. Bottom: frontal sections. (Right) In situ hybridisations for Olig1 and Olig2 genes. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1018.jpg | Is sac present? | no |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic33350.jpg | what is the plane of the x-ray? | pa |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC1177974_F6_2598.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma: FNAB. Thick cords of malignant hepatocytes are wrapped by peripheral endothelium. They appear to be floating on transverse section view (Papanicolaou). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_28466.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Pre-operative odontoid view radiograph: Bilateral C1-C2 joint space and distance between odontoid process with medial border of C1 lateral mass, on both sides, appears asymmetric. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuu8zr0074y1vdvg8p8.jpg | Is there text? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3338574_pone-0036051-g003_135776.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | MiR-92a expression in breast cancer samples.
A) In situ hybridization was performed on a breast cancer tissue microarray using a detection probe for miR-92a and a negative control probe. Tumours were divided into quartiles 1–4 (Q1–Q4) based on the staining intensity (Q1 = weakest staining, Q4 = strongest staining). 20× magnification. B) Example of positive pixel definition of representative Q4 tumour stained with miR-92a probe and negative control probe. 40× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2920271_F1_71128.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Lateral X-ray of neck showing subcutaneous emphysema. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qe1eqr0832ec9eaikw.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | White, Pink |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0661.jpg | Does schematic diagram of intimal thickening show prominent perifascicular and paraseptal atrophy? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4323131_pone.0117670.g004_357137.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | CT brain images.Computed tomographic images of dog 11, featuring transverse views of the brain at the level of the tympanic bullae, midsagittal and dorsal views. Images show hydrocephalus of the lateral ventricles, supracollicular fluid accumulation (“quadrigeminal cyst”) and large fluid accumulations in the caudal fossa dorsal to the brainstem. The cerebellar remnant tissue in the caudal fossa has a butterfly shape consistent with the loss of midline cerebellar vermis structures. The caudal fossa appears enlarged. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3742794_f2-ol-06-01-0013_224676.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | (A) Positive and (B) negative HER2 gene amplification in GC (FISH, magnification ×1,000). HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; GC, gastric cancer; FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1945019_F7_12888.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | EGD, A- EGD, ISH, pan HPV probe, ×10. B- Higher power magnification showing variable degree of intensity with severe intensity in the middle zone, ×40. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3829848_pone-0079514-g004_243796.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Endothecial secondary wall thickening in anthers from P7-1 transgenic (P7-1-OE) and wild-type plants.(A) Anthers were stained with ethidium bromide and visualized by confocal microscopy. Secondary thickening occurs in the endothecium (indicated by an arrow). Thickening is clearly observed in WT but is reduced P7-1 transgenic (P7-1-OE) endothecium. (B) Lactic acid-cleared anthers visualized by confocal microscopy. The secondary thickening network is clearly observed in WT plants, but not in P7-1 transgenic plants (P7-1-OE). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2558.jpg | Is hepatobiliary present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4413794_fig01_381760.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | PET/CT scan of a 60-year-old female with a tumour anterior in the right lung, easily visible on CT (a). However, on PET/CT, FDG uptake was hardly visible in the area of the tumour (b,c). Taking a closer look at the slices above the tumour (d–f), moderately focal increased FDG uptake was visible here (SUVmax = 4). This uptake corresponds to the tumour, but as a result of respiratory movements during PET acquisition, there is a misalignment between CT and FDG-PET. The patient was diagnosed with a carcinoid tumour, which explains the relatively low FDG uptake. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3282678_F10_126358.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Double-staining of CGRP and synaptophysin or IB4. (A) Double-staining of CGRP (red) and synaptophysin (green) in rat C1. (B) Synaptophysin immunoreactivity is found all laminae, with fibers extending into to the white matter. Circular immunoreactive fiber formations are seen around neurons (arrows). (C) Double-staining of CGRP (green, thin arrows) and IB4 (red, thick arrow). IB4 is mostly expressed in laminae II/III. IB4 is also expressed in laminae I/II which could be seen as co-localization with CGRP. However, confocal microscopy (D) revealed that CGRP (green, thin arrow) and IB4 (red, thick arrow) are most often not expressed in the same fibers. Occasionally the two markers co-localize in fibers (arrow head). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03129.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Representative animal SPECT/CT image showing biodistribution of 111In-DOTA-sCCK8[Phe2(p-CH2SO3H), HPG3,6] at 1 h after administration. Radiotracer uptake is clearly visible in the CCK2R-transfected A431 tumor (left shoulder, arrow) and kidneys, whereas no uptake is noted in the mock-transfected A431 tumor (right flank, arrow head) |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic42214.jpg | what organ system is visualized? | genitourinary |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyododc086ubq8n9guo.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/illus_drawing/train_0765.jpg | Is the wedge-shaped infarct left after contraction of the wound? | no |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3398007_pone-0036075-g003_145212.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Protective effects of flavonoids in DSS-induced colitis in mice.Histopathological examination of the colon of mice exposed to DSS and/or flavones (Baicalein, Baicalin) is illustrated. The histology (inset shows higher magnification views) represents the prototypical injury to the colon induced by DSS. Pxr+/+: wild-type mice; Pxr−/−: Pxr-null mice; hPXR: humanized PXR mice. –DSS: DSS untreated mice; +DSS: DSS treated mice; single black arrow: vehicle exposed mucosa; double black arrow: flavonoids exposed mucosa. Scale bar, 50 µM. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl8s413071u63tn9z7t.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4282196_Fig4_348022.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image |
Significant differences in GM volume between IGA and HC subjects. The results show IGA subjects had higher GM volume in the right inferior temporal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus, and lower GM volume in the left precentral gyrus (P <0.001, cluster size was set at >100 voxels). T-values are color-coded on the right. Blue indicates IGA group < HC, yellow indicates IGA group > HC. *The left part of the figure represents the patient’s right side. *HC, healthy control. IGA, internet gaming addiction. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3639678_fig1_202045.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | The view of the cystic, thick-walled, septated, and vascularized mass at the arterial phase of the computed tomography. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic43474.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | colles' fracture |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3928046_pone-0086489-g001_267818.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Visualization of tumor particle dynamic flow by intravital microscopy.A, B) Wide-field images of SUM159 and MCF7 tumors exposed via skin-flap. SUM159 tumors are characterized by highly dense network of dilated vessels whereas MCF7 tumors are mostly comprised of smaller, more widely spaced vessels; C, D) Tumor vasculature was delineated following bolus i.v. injection of 70 kDa FITC-dextran; E-H) At higher magnification, individual rhodamine-labeled MSVs were readily identified. Merged images (E, F) show particle localization relative to the tumor vessels 60 sec after particle injection. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4659660_pone.0142882.g002_447604.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | DN appearing as Type A pattern.(a) Transverse T2–weighted image demonstrates a slightly hyperintense nodule in segment VI (arrow). (b) Transverse arterial phase image demonstrates an intense enhancing nodule (arrow). (c) On SWI, the nodule appeared as isointensity with internal tiny siderotic nodules similar to background liver. (d) Photomicrography of Prussian blue staining slide demonstrates iron deposition scored as 4 in the nodule (×50). The nodule was preoperatively misdiagnosed as HCC. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_75133.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Chest X-ray in supine position showing complete opacification of the right hemithorax with consolidation in the left lower lobe. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2778547_fig1_51074.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Representative photmicrographs of GRP78-stained breast tissue cores from the TMA (magnification × 40). (A) Negatively stained normal breast tissue, (B) weakly stained core score 1, (C) intermediately stained core scores 2, (D) strongly stained core scores 3. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3797698_pone-0072536-g005_238043.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Five Rhynchosporium species colonise the same sub-cuticular niche in their hosts.Sub-cuticular hyphal (H) growth of (A) R. commune (isolate 53hv09) at 28 days post inoculation (dpi) on a leaf of barley (cv. Sumo); (B) R. agropyri on a leaf of couch-grass collected from the field (Hertfordshire, UK) in April 2010; (C) R. secalis (RS99CH1 H10B) at 30 dpi on a leaf of rye; (D) R. secalis isolate (I-1a) at 28 dpi on a leaf of triticale; (E) R. orthosporum (RsCH04 Bär A.1.1.3) at 14 dpi on a leaf of cocksfoot; (F) R. lolii (9lm11) at 28 dpi on a leaf of Italian ryegrass. Scale-bars on electron micrographs are 10 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_28071.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | TIMI 3 flow with no residual stenosis after stenting of subclavian artery. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2760782_pone-0007497-g002_47859.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Contrast enhancement by standard deviation projection of bright field image stack.(A) Low contrast bright field image. (B) Fluorescence staining for whole cell and bright spot detection. (C) Standard deviation projection of stack of bright field images. (D) Inverse of the projection for another visualization of the projection result. In addition to increased contrast, the projection also suppresses background nonuniformities. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3339551_F3_136084.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Correlation between CAF markers in mouse and human breast cancer. Immunostainings for ASMA (A), PDGFRα (B), and FSP1 (C), show a similar expression pattern in human (upper panel) and mouse (lower panel) mammary tumour tissue. Scale bar is indicated in the figure and represents 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4290099_Fig1_349919.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision |
Cardiac vegetation in neonatal CINCA syndrome.
Echocardiographic long axis parasternal view of the right ventricular outflow tract. The pulmonary valve is closed and a thin posterior leaflet is clearly visible (white arrow). The anterior leaflet is thicker and a hyperechogenic lesion (white arrow head) is attached to its ventricular side. (LV: left ventricle; PA: pulmonary artery trunk; RV: right ventricle). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_endocrine/train_1493.jpg | What does this image show? | fixed tissue cut surface close-up view rather good apparently non-functional |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2773734_f3_50053.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Chromogenic in situ hybridization for chromosome 18 and 8q22 amplification in breast carcinoma. A: Invasive melanoma, hybridized with chromosome 18 showing two copies in all the cells. B: Non-metastasizing melanoma hybridized with chromosome 18 showing two copies in most of the cells. C: Normal retina hybridized with chromosome 18 showing two copies in all the cells. D: Breast carcinoma hybridized with chromosome 8q22 showing positive amplification (large cluster). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4355733_f10_366096.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | (A) Detection of extensive microtubule disruption and lysosome perturbation in RBE cells exposed to lobaplatin (2.5 ~ 25 μg/mL). RBE cells were labeled with Tublin-GFP (green fluorescence), Superior LysoProbe (IV) (10 μM, red fluorescence) and Hoechst 33342 (1 μg/ml, blue fluorescence); (B) The dissolution of cytoskeletal F-actin structural characteristics was observed in RBE cells exposed to lobaplatin (2.5 ~ 25 μg/mL). F-actin exhibits green fluorescence and nuclei exhibit blue fluorescence associated with Hoechst 33342 staining. RBE cells were imaged on an inverted laser scanning fluorescent microscope (Olympus) using a 60 × oil immersion objective; (C) immunohistochemical images of α-Tublin in RBE cells exposed to lobaplatin (2.5 ~ 25 μg/mL). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2541.jpg | What does this image show? | mild acute rejection |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3735901_f10-etm-06-01-0152_223438.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | CT scanning image following removal of the internal fixation at one year after surgery of a 45-year-old male. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1890920_fig03_11531.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Two examples of squamous lesions signed out as atypical immature metaplasia. A cervical biopsy specimen of a 32-year-old woman (a–c) revealing a flat squamous lesion several cell layers thick with disorderly stratification and nuclear enlargement (a). In step sections, the dysplastic features become more prominent and p16 stains strongly positive (b), while cytokeratin (CK) 17 is largely negative (c). Another cervical biospy of a 40-year-old woman (d–f) shows a squamous lesion involving an endocervical gland. p63 highlights the nuclei of basal and suprabasal cells (d), while p16 (e) shows strong uniform positivity of the entire stratified epithelium and CK17 stains the basal proliferating cells (f). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3608344_fig1_194559.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Nine-year-old girl with a history of metastatic right nephroblastoma treated with chemo- and radiotherapy. Liver MRI with T1-weighted images without (a) and with contrast injection at the arterial (b) and portal phases (c), performed six years after the end of treatment, displays multiple hepatic nodules, from 1 to 3 cm large, that enhance strongly after contrast injection at the arterial phase (b) and have almost the same signal as the surrounding liver before contrast injection (a) and at the portal phase (c). Simple clinical and imaging followup was performed (courtesy of Dr. H. Brisse, Institut Curie Paris, France). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4278965_Fig1_347308.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the affected wrist (top row) revealing a malunion of the radius and of the mirrored healthy wrist (bottom row) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3461454_F1_158198.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Anteroapical MI at 4 weeks post-infarction. Matched histology, LGE-PSIR and T1ρ (B1 = 500 Hz, TSL = 50 ms) images are labeled according to slice number from LV apex to base. Fibrotic scar tissue appears as an area of enhanced signal intensity on both LGE-PSIR and T1ρ-weighted images in slices 1–5.T1ρ can visualize small features such as the posterior papillary muscle (black and white arrows in slice 3), which appears non-fibrotic amidst a larger section of fibrotic myocardial tissue using all three methods. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4449918_fig5_391481.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Axial computed tomography image showing almost complete regression of haematoma, normal dimension of upper airways spaces, and normal position of the tongue. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4328340_F1_358197.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Example reconstruction results from a retrospectively undersampled (rate 10) fully sampled 3D ANGIE dataset. Reconstructed (A-D), fully sampled (E-H) and corresponding reconstruction error (I-L) images from a single partition at four inversion time points of a 3D ANGIE dataset acquired from a healthy volunteer. The image reconstruction algorithm effectively suppresses aliasing artifacts and retains image spatial resolution. These results illustrate the capability of achieving high acceleration rate (R=10) using the proposed image reconstruction algorithm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4683295_F1_454208.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Example of the grading of the relative intensity of infra-cardiac activity compared to myocardial activity |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3136440_pgen-1002164-g005_102214.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Activity domains of OAK homolog promoters.A representative T1 plant for each promoter∶GUS construct transformed into Col-0, Bla-1 and Sha is shown, with diagrams of the expression domain on the far right. Scale bar = 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1884170_F1_11232.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Targeting of NF-E2p45 to chromatin compartment but displacing of GATA-1 from mitotic chromosomes in mitotic cells. Cells were stained with antibodies against proteins indicated on the left followed by FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies (Left) and PI (Center). Right is the merge of both images. Examples of interphase cells and mitotic cells of different stages from MEL cells are shown. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic31645.jpg | what organ system is evaluated primarily? | face, sinuses, and neck |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2811397_fig3_55484.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Distribution of necrotic foci (mottled tissue) and mononuclear cells in the paracortical region of a lymph node (Hematoxylin-eosin stain, original magnification ×10.). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4097354_F2_306049.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Task conditions–baseline: within-group effects. Within-group analysis of BOLD signal revealed unique LH occipital activations in controls (yellow) and unique RH occipital activations in ADHD subjects (red). Several common activations were also evident (orange), such as LH, supplementary motor, pre-central gyrus (superior lateral, inferior medial), and post-central gyrus boarding the supramarginal gyrus. ADHD subjects showed additional unique subcortical activations that included thalamus, brainstem, cerebellum, and hippocampus. Images are thresholded using a voxelwise threshold of z = 2.3 and a cluster size probability of p < 0.05. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3758327_pone-0073886-g003_228209.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations of organelle structure of leaves and root tips in Taifeng A, V1134 and their F1 plants.The F1 and its parents were planted in the early-growing season with relative low temperatures for 5 weeks. (a and b) Chloroplast structures of the parents. (c) Chloroplast structure of the HW F1 plants. (d and e) Mitochondria structure of the leaves from the parent plants. (f) Mitochondria structure of leaves in the HW F1 plants. (g) and (h) Mitochondria structure of root tips from the parents. (i) Mitochondria structure of root tips from the HW F1 plants. Bars indicate 100 nm (a–f), 50 nm (g–i). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2989138_F0006_79128.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | X-ray of the same patient treated with extended curettage and reconstruction with iliac crest strut bone graft along with morsellised grafts. Stabilization was achieved by an external fixator |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3012728_pone-0016041-g003_82674.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Subcellular localization of TaSnRK2.8 in onion epidermal cells.Cells were bombarded with constructs carrying GFP or TaSnRK2.8-GFP as described in materials and methods. GFP and TaSnRK2.8-GFP fusion proteins were transiently expressed under control of the CaMV 35S promoter in onion epidermal cells and observed with a laser scanning confocal microscope. Images were taken in dark field for green fluorescence (1, 4). The cell outline (2, 5) and the combination (3, 6) were photographed in bright field. Scale bar = 100 µm. Each construct was bombarded into at least 30 onion epidermal cells. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_77643.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Posttreatment lateral head film and cephalometric tracing. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_10579.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Deployment of an uncovered self-expandable metal stent in the biliary system |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3056052_F2_89795.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Assessment of islet viability by fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide. a, b Untreated (healthy) islets shown in brightfield (a, top panel) display only trace amounts of PI fluorescence (a, bottom panel). Islets treated overnight with a combination of cytokines (100 pg/mL TNF-α, 50 pg/mL IL-1β, 100 pg/mL IFN-γ) shown in brightfield (b, top panel), in contrast, display substantial PI fluorescence (b, bottom panel). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3244394_pone-0028521-g004_119854.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Electron micrographs of mouse diaphragm muscle.Control muscle (a, b) shows normal morphology with plasma membrane (PM), myofibrils (M) and mitochondria (MI). Muscle exposed to PrTX-I (c, d) presents fibers with myofibril disorganization (MD), cytoplasmic areas devoid of myofibrils (DM) and mitochondrial swelling with reduced or ruptured cristae (MS). Muscle exposed to PrTX-I pre-incubated with RA (e, f) shows normal fiber aspect. Note myofibrils (M) and mitochondria (MI) aspects. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qv1fc30832gtnadhjt.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3464165_F4_158565.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Result of the virtual drilling process. ScanIP re-imported model: (left) view through cut, (right) full volume. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_32138.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | SE, T1WI after gadolinium administration. Lung cancer metastases to the corpus callosum and both cerebral hemispheres. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2824941_F0001_57447.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | (A) Healing actinomycotic ulcer on the forehead; (B) Skull X-ray lateral view, showing sclerotic, thickened frontal vault (C) One deeply stained haematoxyphilic actinomyces colony amidst red blood cells and granulation tissue (H&E, ×150) (D and E) Contrast enhanced CT brain scan showing thickened cranial vault, brightly enhancing epidural mass with midline shift and oedema |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic23065.jpg | is this a ct scan? | yes |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4490479_ijms-16-12925-f003_402537.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Proliferation assay: Fluorescent images (20× magnification) after DAPI (blue) and phalloidin (red) staining of RT4-D6P2T (A) and primary SC (B) on poly-l-lysine coated coverslips (control condition), random fibers and aligned fibers after 1, 3, 5, and 7 DIV (days in vitro) after seeding. Scale bar: 100 μm; RT4-D6P2T (C) and primary SC (D) cell number is expressed as cells/mm2 ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Asterisks refer to significant statistical difference with **
p ≤ 0.01 and ***
p ≤ 0.001. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4165596_pone-0105038-g002_320516.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Immunhistochemical staining of MCT1–4 in NSCLC.Low expression: A) MCT1, B) MCT2, C) MCT3, D) MCT4. High expression: E) MCT1, F) MCT2, G) MCT3, H) MCT4. 100× and 400× magnification. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4315056_f2-ol-09-03-1293_354883.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Magnetic resonance imaging revealing a mass in the left cavernous body (arrow). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4405310_fig04_379696.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Histological and immunohistochemical features were consistent with a peripheral nerve sheath tumor or a benign schwannoma supporting the initial needle biopsy. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3571906_F7_185410.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Electron micrographs of hepatocytes from untreated and ConA-treated C57Bl/6 mice. Hepatocytes were obtained from (A) normal untreated and ConA-injected C57Bl/6 mice (B) 3 and (C) 6 hr post-injection. A representative micrograph is shown for each timepoint. Note the nuclei and mitochondria in each of the micrographs are normal. Bar = 0.3 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3283718_pone-0032059-g007_126811.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Fibrinolytic activity in human neuropathies.In situ zymography in sural nerve biopsies of patients (#4 and #3) with regenerating (A, B) and (#15 and #18) non-regenerating (C, D) neuropathies. Fluorescent signal as a readout of fibrinolytic activity is very high in regenerating nerves, and very low in non-regenerating nerves. AI and CI are the same reaction depicted in A and C in which fibrinolytic reaction was blocked by amiloride (PAstop). Zym = fibrinolytic activity; Nf = neurofilaments. Bar = 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3669215_pone-0064955-g005_208241.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Ultrastructure of mouse MII oocytes.A and B are representative TEM micrographs at 3,000X magnification. Note the mitochondria (M) and lipid droplets (LD). C and D are representative TEM micrographs from young (C) and old (D) mice at 12,000X magnification. Note the normal (Mn) and vacuolated (Mv).mitochondria (Bar: A&B, 2 µm; C&D, 500 nm). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1961.jpg | Does this image show close-up view of pulmonary osteoarthropathy? | yes |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3629145_f1-ol-05-04-1195_199350.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | (A) Normal portal area. (B) Normal hepatocytes (99%) displaying cytoplasmic granular staining positive for HM47/A9. B cells in the portal area show membrane positivity for HM47/A9, while the bile canaliculus and interlobular bile duct are negative for HM47/A9. (C) Eight-week embryo liver. (D) Eight-week embryo hepatocytes (10%) exhibit granular positivity for HM47/A9. (E) 20-week embryo liver. (F) 20-week embryo hepatocytes (80%) show granular staining positive for HM47/A9. (A,B,D,F; magnification, ×120) (C and E; magnification ×60). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4679099_Fig2_453546.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Axial, sagittal and coronal MRI slices (3 Tesla, Philips Medical Systems, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) from a 3D FLAIR sequence (upper row) and the corresponding sections from a post-Gd T1-weighted volume (bottom), in a multiple sclerosis patient. A right posterior paraventricular lesion shows peripheral incomplete rim of contrast enhancement, consistent with BBB breakdown due to active inflammatory phenomena. A punctate iuxtacortical left occipital enhancing lesion is also present |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3857824_fig5_250566.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Surgical management of an internal resorption through a retrofilling with MTA (tooth 11). (a) Preoperative view: presence of a sinus tract. (b) Preoperative intraoral radiography with a gutta percha point in the sinus tract, leading to the source of infection [11]. (c), (d), and (e) Sagittal, coronal, and axial CBCT cross-sections. (f) Surgical cleaning of the root resorptive lesion and retrofilling with MTA. (g) Postoperative periapical X-ray of the root treatment: the filling is dense without overfilling. (h) One year followup: the clinical view confirms the sinus tract disappearance and the healthy appearance of the gums. (i) Periapical X-ray corroborates the periodontal regeneration in close contact with MTA filling. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4331414_Fig2_359260.jpg | Describe the image concisely. |
Treatment planning simulated with FLTPET/CT for 67-years-old female patient with middle thoracic esophageal cancer. (A) FLT PET/CT-based five-beam conformal radiation therapy (B) CT-based five-beam conformal radiation therapy. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4434567_Fig4_387113.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Immunohistochemical sample images with IHC staining representing normal (A and B) and colorectal tumours (C and D) denoted as Ki67 or cleaved Caspase 3, respectively. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1py1e9b0832a87laday.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-center |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4696775_F2_458098.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | A 68-year-old man with previously diagnosed prostate cancer (Gleason score of 8) who was treated with definitive radical prostatectomy and presented with biochemical relapse (PSA, 0.85 ng/mL; PSAdt, 7.4 m; PSAvel, 0.94 ng/mL/y). 11C-choline PET/CT (A, CT; B, PET; C, PET/CT) revealed locally recurrent disease in the surgical bed. CT, computed tomography; PET, positron emission tomography; PSA, prostrate-specific antigen; PSAdt, PSA doubling time; PSAvel, PSA velocity. [Reproduced with permission from Castellucci et al (21).] |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic41616.jpg | what is one organ system seen in this image? | gastrointestinal |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3224556_F2_117059.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Heart, dog, case No. 2. Two micrographs depicting the same, severe atherosclerotic lesion of a coronary artery (2a - lower magnification, 2b - higher magnification). A major section of the arterial wall has been replaced and distorted by acicular cholesterol clefts (arrows). Inflammatory cells, mostly consisting of lipid laden histiocytes (asterisk) are visible within the arterial wall. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4685107_fig1_454749.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | In vivo confocal microscopy images showing the normal corneal basal epithelium (a), central corneal subbasal plexus (b), and stroma (c) from a healthy 24-year-old female. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3781153_pone-0074853-g003_233118.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Expression patterns of LDH-5 and HIF1α shown by immunohisto-chemical staining in patient tissues.(A–C) Patients with benign lymphadenectasis, (A) representative examples of HE staining, (B) LDH-5 expression (negative), and (C) HIF1α expression (weak positive); (D–I) Patients with NHL, (D) HE staining; (E) LDH-5 expression in DLBCL (positive), (F) HIF1α expression in DLBCL (positive), and (G) strongly positive expression of LDH-5 in follicular lymphoma; (H) strongly positive expression of LDH-5 in NK/T cell lymphoma; (I) positive expression of LDH-5 in small cell lymphoma. Original magnification, ×400. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3590301_pone-0057991-g003_190008.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Caspase-3 activation and actin cytoskeletal organization in melanoma A375 cells cultured in the presence of PFII.Cells were grown on glass coverslips in the presence of 65, 130, 260 µM or 1 µM staurosporine (STS). (A–E) Active caspase-3 was visualized with anti-active caspase-3 antibody followed by a FITC-conjugated secondary antibody (green). (F–J) Actin was visualized using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) after staining with Alexa Fluor 568 - conjugated phalloidin (red). Scale bar - 50 µm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv89098074yc3m3gu6v.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Gastroscopy |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2936088_F0002_73022.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | (a) Pre-operative maxillary cast, (b) Mock-up preparation done on duplicated cast to assess tooth reduction and create space for new tooth, (c) Preparation completed on tooth nos 11 and 13 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2954875_F2_75920.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Regional wall thickening measured in MRI of left ventricle and of infarct border zone (a) after alignment of MRI short axis plane (b) and histologic section (c). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyudoi0086u7em053cc.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | Tube |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3390413_ppat-1002747-g004_144028.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Activation of intracellular RNA and DNA sensors leads to the formation of TRAF3-contraining Golgi fragments.Confocal microscopy of HeLa cells stained for endogenous TRAF3, GM130, and the nucleus (DAPI) upon no treatment (A, panel 1), poly I:C treatment (A, panel 2) or poly dA:dT for 4 h (A, panel 3), infection with SeV (200 HAU/ml) (B, panel 1), RSV (MOI = 3) (B, panel 2), or Influenza A virus for 4 h (B, panel 3). Arrows indicate the relocalization and the colocalization of the Golgi apparatus with TRAF3 upon treatment. Bars represent 5 µm. One of three independent experiments with similar results is shown. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4556921_F3_419799.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Abdominal computed tomography showing a solid hepatic mass of 3cm x 2,8cm occupying the border between segments II and III (see black arrow) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4060505_f3_298793.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Photoacoustic (680 nm) and micro-ultrasound (grayscale) co-registered imaging of -TYR and +TYR tumors with and without DOX treatment.Scale bars represent 2 mm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qf1esb08327pnb2x68.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2580.jpg | Is atrophy secondary to pituitectomy present? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3827303_pone-0079036-g008_242986.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Nuclear localization of GmFKF1, GmFKF2, GmGI1α, GmGI1β, GmGI2 and GmGI3 proteins in Arabidopsis protoplasts.The vector indicated the empty vector as negative control; The CFP was for CFP-AHL22, a nuclear marker (Xiao et al., 2009); the YFP was for YFP fluorescence; the red signal was due to auto-fluorescence of chloroplasts; the last panel showed superimposition of the former three panels. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3312869_F5_131551.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Quantitative assessment of microvascular obstruction by T1-mapping. Panel A shows a case of microvascular obstruction as depicted by LGE. The corresponding T1-map is shown in Panel B. The dark core of MO in the LGE image (arrows) is depicted by T1 values (Panel B) in the color range similar to remote myocardium (green). The surrounding injured myocardium (bright on LGE) shows high T1 values (red). Panel C shows quantitative analyses of the 7 cases with MO. T1 values in the MO regions are significantly lower than in the surrounding LGE-positive myocardium. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3309975_pone-0033887-g003_131044.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | The nipi-4 gene acts cell autonomously in the epidermis.(A–E) Expression of nipi-4 is seen throughout the epidermis (A & B)), in larvae (C) and adults (A,B,D&E), from head (D) to tail (E), in vulval cells (arrow in B), in rectal cells (arrow in E), but not in the seam cells (arrowhead in A), scale bar 10 µm. (F–G) nipi-4(fr71) and nipi-4(fr71);frEx496 (Pcol-19::NIPI-4) worms strains carrying an integrated Pnlp-29::GFP reporter (frIs7) following infection. The expression of nipi-4 in epidermal cells in the adult rescues the nipi-4 phenotype. Green and red fluorescence is visualized simultaneously with a GFP long pass filter. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2783079_F2_51798.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Gastric (body) biopsy (haematoxylin and eosin), 40×. Intestinal metaplasia with goblets cells. The lamina propria is filled with lymphocytes. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3498174_pone-0049790-g006_165922.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | T1 images, tractography results and Tract FA Profiles for Patient 2, a child with cerebral palsy.In the plots, the black line represents the mean FA for typically developing children at 100 points along the tract and light gray region represents the boundaries for the 10th to 90th percentile. The yellow line represents the patient's FA along the tract. The patient has low FA along the corticospinal tract. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4071629_F2_301252.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | The medium halo of sperm in after freezing group. (magnification of ×1000) |
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