image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/sfolder_2/PMC3488033_F3_163653.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Dose-volume histogram of the contoured volume, including the areas of greatest bony destruction. Fifty percent of the treated volume received 240 cGy, although there was a wide variation across the treatment volume, from a maximum of 717 cGy to a minimum of 21.8 cGy with a mean of 333 cGy. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2170.jpg | What does this image show? | varix |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3414788_F2_148972.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Time-lapse series of FA dynamics in MTLn3 cells. MTLn3 cell expressing paxillin-EGFP and stimulated with 0.01 nM EGF is shown. Images were taken at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 min. A. Original total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) images of cells with FAs. B. Binary images of whole cell masks after segmentation. C. Binary images of FA masks after segmentation. D. Composite images of tracked FAs within the cell, where green represents original images and red represents the segmented FA masks. The scale bar is 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3080319_F6_92943.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Photograph of hematoxylin-eosin staining of the excised sub-mandibular gland. Variously sized and irregularly shaped lymphoid follicle-like nodules proliferated in the excised lesion (hematoxylin-eosin staining, original magnification ×40). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3634842_pone-0061998-g002_200633.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | X-ray projections through the posterior portion of bat skulls containing the bony labyrinth, in the ventral-dorsal plane.The corresponding reconstructed inner ear volumes are shown on the right of the panels; these inner ears are orientated so that the lateral semicircular canals are maximally aligned in the horizontal plane, allowing differences in cochlear orientation to be compared across species. Echolocation mode, species and family information are as follows: (A) the non-echolocating Old World fruit bat Hypsignathus monstrosus (1.3518) (Pteropodidae); (B) the Old World CF bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (58.20697) (Rhinolophidae); (C) the New World CF bat Pteronotus parnellii (5.21236) (Mormoopidae) and (D) Mormoops megaphylla (2.1603) (Mormoopidae) which utilizes narrowband multi-harmonic signals. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3842939_pone-0081347-g001_246612.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Immunohistochemistry.VEGFR-2, Gab1 and MMP-9 expression in hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues and biliary duct tissues with chronic inflammation were detected using immunohistochemical methods. Results were expressed as mean OD. Comparison of the mean OD showed that VEGFR-2, Gab1 and MMP-9 expression levels in hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues (A, C, E) were significantly higher than those in biliary duct tissues with chronic inflammation (B, D, F) (**P<0.01). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4641923_fig2_443233.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). (a) Axial image. Two defects of the cortex on the lingual plate of the mandible are apparent. (b) Sagittal image of the cavity in the premolar region, showing dense, radiopaque contents. (c) Sagittal image of the cavity at the angle of the mandible. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2769349_fig-002_49372.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Intravenous urography (06 January 1992): Twenty minutes film showed marked bilateral hydronephrosis. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4214468_f3-ol-08-06-2654_331503.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (A) Hematoxylin and eosin stain of a section from the mass of the patient’s right upper chest revealing atypical tumor cells, which have partially formed adenomatous structures or nested glandular structures (magnification, ×200). (B) Tumor cells stained positive for carcinoembryonic antigen (magnification, ×200). (C) Malignant glands are strongly positive for cytoplasmic cytokeratin 7 (magnification, ×200). (D) Tumor cells show strong cytoplasmic staining for cytoplasmic cytokeratin 19 (magnification, ×200). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4172007_F3_322011.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | (A–D) High magnification view of the fusiform cell plasmalemma (black arrows) showing the thin astrocytic lining (white arrowheads) that ensheathed much of the soma (S) surface. (E,F) Different magnifications of the surfaces (black arrows) of two fusiform cell somata (S-FC1 and S-FC2) that were very closely associated. Note the band of myelinated axons (ma) that runs between these cells was separated from the somal surface by astrocytic processes (white arrowheads). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2888813_F1_66817.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Initial CMR: the MIP (A) and MPR (B) images of 3D CE MRA revealed dilation of the ascending aorta and a low signal intensity non-enhanced lesion (arrow) around the ascending and descending aorta. In the true FISP axial images (C), the comparatively lower signal could be found eccentrically around both ascending and descending aorta (arrow), which was considered as hematoma. In addition, bilateral pleural effusion (asterisk) was documented. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4156401_pone-0106941-g006_318446.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Ovule development in wild-type (WT) and atvdac1 siliques revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).(A–F) Female gametogenesis in WT siliques at stage FG1 (A), FG3 (B), FG4 (C), early FG5 (D), late FG5 (E), FG6 (F). (G–L) Abnormal ovules in atvdac1 siliques at stage FG1 (G), FG3 (H), FG4 (I), FG5 (J, K), FG6 (L). Abbreviations: AN, antipodal nucleus (nuclei); CN, chalazal nucleus (nuclei); CcN, central cell nucleus; CPN, chalazal polar nucleus; DM, degenerated megaspores; DS, degenerated structure; EN, egg cell nucleus; FM, functional megaspore; MN, micropylar nucleus (nuclei); MPN, micropylar polar nucleus; N, nucleus; PN, polar nuclei; SN, synergid nuclei; V, vacuole. Bars = 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3386176_pgen-1002790-g008_143160.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Identification of post-synapsis inter-centromeric CREST-staining bridges.(A) Selected image of a late diplotene/early diakinesis spermatocyte from an Rnf212−/− mouse, immunostained for SYCP3 (red) and CREST (green). The arrow in panel A highlights the chromosomes magnified in panels B and C. Additional examples of CREST-staining bridges are shown in D–G. (H–K) Examples of CREST-staining bridges from wild-type spermatocytes. Scale bars = 10 µm for panel A; 1 µm for B and C; 5 µm for D–K. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3128121_ppat-1002107-g002_101242.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Wild-type Sclerotinia, but not the OA-deficient (A2) mutant, reduces the host cellular environment.Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana leaves containing the redox sensitive GFP (roGFP) cassette were investigated by confocal microscopy using (A) 410 nm and (B) 474 nm filters for observation of roGFP under oxidizing and reducing conditions, respectively. Two lines were chosen (line 2 shown here) for further analysis and inoculated with agar plugs containing actively growing (C) Wild-type Sclerotinia, (D) oxalate deficient A2 mutant, (E) nox1 mutant, (F) nox2 mutant, (G) sod mutant, and (H) wild-type Botrytis cinerea. Eight hours post-inoculation leaves were visualized under a 474 nm filter for observation of the reduced form of the roGFP. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2732081_F0003_44342.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Top images: PET/CT abnormalities secondary to radiation pneumonitis. Bottom images: Resolving radiation changes 5 months later (Reprinted with permission of reference).[39] |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03381.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | The patient's MRI transversal view: evidence of sacral bone interruption. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1py1e970832b2trgjim.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_23617.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Ideal indications for use of an AVP. An angiogram showing a proximal coronary AV fistula from the right coronary artery to right ventricle |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3614714_F6_196102.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Cyclic voltammograms of 5 × 10-4 M pioglitazone HCl in B–R buffer of pH5; without preconcentration (tacc=0 s) (dashed curve), following preconcentration for 30 s (curve 1) and its repetitive cycle at the same mercury drop (curve 2), Scan rate ν=100 mV s-1 and Eacc =-1.5 V. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3323644_pone-0035373-g001_133425.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Fluorescence images of cultured midbrain neurons expressing either mbYFPQS or cytYFPQS.Single Z-stack images (1 µm) at mid-soma level taken 3 days post-transfection. Note that the fluorescence of the processes of the cytYFPQS-expressing cell is difficult to observe without saturating the fluorescence of the soma. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qv1fbb0832amv22dio.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4374284_Fig1_371715.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | The patient received initial treatment of everolimus 10 mg/d as the third-line chemotherapy. CT scans were taken every 2 months during the initial treatment period. CT scans reveal the diffuse liver metastases before treatment with everolimus (A). After 1 year and 2 months of everolimus 10 mg/d, partial response was achieved (B). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic59661.jpg | is this a noncontrast ct? | yes |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qu1fab0832d4ht9yee.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1248.jpg | Does this image show opened skull showing base with two foramina magna? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4015359_F2_287076.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Example of normal and abnormal flow morphology in internal jugular vein (IJV) on magnetic resonance venography (3D TRICKS and axial 2D TOF). Normal (A & B) flow morphology in both IJV (arrows). Abnormal (absent flow) (C &D) flow in the left internal jugular vein (arrow) with prominent collateral veins (dotted arrows). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3465008_F9_158926.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Digital subtraction angiography that revealed an anterior communicating artery aneurysm |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4478442_F7_399356.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Interactions between the fluorescently labeled SJA lectin and the strains RB51 and RB51WbkA are visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The bacterial cells are stained with TRITC-labeled SJA lectin (red) in the absence of the target carbohydrate, or preincubated with 3 mg/ml N-acetylgalactosamine or 100 mg/ml N-acetylgalactosamine, prior to staining. DAPI (blue) was used to stain the bacterial nuclei. Selected differential interference contrast (DIC) images (left panel) and fluorescent images (middle panels) merged are shown (right panel). All images were acquired using the same settings and adjusted for display using the same brightness/contrast settings. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3854770_F2_249828.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Time-lapse microscopy of isolated mammary acinus. Time-lapse micrographs (interval: 6 hours) of primary mammary cells arising from a single acinus. The lower panel (red dashed margin) illustrates the mitosis (interval: 7.5 minutes) at 54 hours indicated by the red arrow in each picture. Magnification: 100 ×. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4296652_f06_350930.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Tomographic slices of severe inflammatory root resorption (Malmgren's grade
4) after four years of orthodontic treatment. Apparently, teeth have no bone or
alveolar cortical bone support; however, periapical radiograph reveals detailed
root and bone structures involved in the resorption process. Thus, it is
reasonable to assert that there exists periodontal support provided by the
cervical third. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3217968_pone-0027512-g008_115961.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Histopathology of influenza subtype infected lung tissues by H&E stain.The representative strain for each subtype was selected as follows: Mex/4108 for H1N1pdm, Bris/59 for seasonal H1N1, Per/16 for seasonal H3N2, and B/Wis (same influenza B lineage as B/Hubei) for seasonal influenza B. All tissue samples from infected ferrets were collected on Day 3 and Day 7 pI except for Bris/59 infection (Day 2 and Day 7 pI due to facility scheduling). Representative slides are shown with 10× magnification. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_1935.jpg | How many toes does this image show well gangrenous 1-? | 3 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3926369_fig2_267534.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | MRI (T2-weighted) revealed a heterogeneous solid tumor of 77 × 76 mm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08327.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Chest radiograph showing bilateral interstitial infiltrates |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2710506_pntd-0000428-g001_41578.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | MRI brain on day 6 of admission.Axial T2-weighted images in a patient with rabies due to Duvenhage virus infection, at day 6 after admission; hyperintense signal in the posterior part of the medulla oblongata (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3835566_pone-0080654-g003_245133.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Comparison before CyberKnife treatment with that at 2 months after treatment.A 40 years old male patient with adenocarcinoma involving the right lung with metastases in the left and right adrenal after 4 cycles of chemotherapy. (A, B) Abdominal transverse enhanced CT scanning shows bilateral adrenal metastasis. (C, D) Abdominal transverse enhanced CT at 2 months after CK treatment shows bilateral metastases were significantly reduces with the previous. The patient had varying degrees of lower back and abdomen swelling pain before treatment, the symptom were relieved at the time when the patient was followed up. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4246597_fig07_339772.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Lack of native tdTomato fluorescence in brainstem motor nuclei. (A) Bright field (A1) and corresponding fluorescence images (A2) of the XII nucleus at 0.35 mm caudal to VIIc from a P4 Dbx1 reporter mouse. Inset from A2 is shown in A3 at higher magnification. (B) Bright field (B1) and fluorescent view (B2) of the VII motor nucleus at 0.40 mm rostral to VIIc. (C) Lack of native fluorescence in the IO and cNA of the same brainstem section as in (A). C2 and C3 show magnified images of the boxes highlighted in C1. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl7s403071uhl071dze.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvg90ns074y938udwjj.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4669375_Fig5_450309.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Microstructures of LWA0, LWA1, and LWA2 aggregates at magnification of 4000× and 8000× |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2631466_F2_33243.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | A. Differentiation of mMSCs and GFPTgMSCs along mesodermal lineages. Cells were incubated in CEM and then transferred to adipogenic or osteogenic media for 14 days. All cells were passage 9 or lower. Cells which formed lipid vacuoles were stained with Oil Red-O while mineralization in osteogenic-differentiated cells was revealed with Alizarin Red staining.B. GFPTgMSCs retain fluorescence after differentiation. MSCs derived from eGFP+ transgenic C57Bl/6 mice (P6) retain fluorescence even after stimulated to undergo adipogenic differentiation. 20× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4274928_F1_346450.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | “Glass brain” showing peak change in beta power between rest and grip with affected hand only, in both ipsilesional and contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) (grip was performed with the right affected hand; left hand grips were flipped in the sagittal plane so that all data could be included on the same plot), with each dot representing an individual. The affected hemisphere is on the left and the unaffected hemisphere on the right. Results are displayed on a “glass brain” and shown from above (left), from behind (middle), and from the right side (right). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34900.jpg | what is most alarming about this ct scan? | grave's ophthalmopathy |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_75906.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Gastrografin enema confirmed the fistula was closed. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2016.jpg | Where is this? | urinary |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3127834_F1_101103.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Breast mammogram. Right breast mammogram showing an increase in density on the right breast with abnormal skin thickening in the periareolar area and associated microcalcifications. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4524636_pone.0135202.g004_411759.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Histology of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained labyrinth of one wild-type (wt) three DNMT1o-deficient low-Peg10 gDMD methylation placentas.The scale bars for 50X, 100X and 200X magnification are 500, 200 and 100 μm respectively. Yellow lines in 50x and 100x magnification images outline the labyrinthine zone (LZ). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3759342_f4-0061227_228494.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Computed tomography demonstrating extensive mineralization of dermal sheath of vibrissae in a 7-week-old asj mouse in comparison with a wild-type littermate. Single slices demonstrate evidence of mineralization (arrowheads in B), and computerized reconstruction reveals the mineral deposits in association with dermal sheath of vibrissae (upper left panel in B, arrowheads). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3493338_F1_164921.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | MRI images before (A, B) and after (C, D) bevacizumab treatment in Patient No. 5. Patient No. 5 (Table
1) received two cycles of bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg, two-week intervals) for brain metastatic tumor from non-small cell lung carcinoma cancer. The patient also received cyberknife treatment system based FSRT with 31.5 Gy in three fractions seven months prior to treatment. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4356424_f6-ol-09-04-1747_366606.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Computed tomography scan indicating a marked improvement in esophageal wall thickness at three months post-ICRT compared with during ICRT. ICRT, intracavitary radiation therapy. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4308850_Fig3_353378.jpg | What is shown in this image? |
Esophageal stenosis assessed by esophagography. The white lines indicate the stricture caused by resection. The stricture had substantially improved 1 month later. The left esophagogram (a) was taken 2 months after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); the right esophagogram (b) was taken 3 months after ESD. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3290776_F8_127868.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Connective tissue abnormalities in the patient with Menkes disease
shown in Fig 7. Images on the left and right were taken just before treatment
and at 2 years of age (also during the treatment period), respectively. Bladder
diverticula formation (upper) and osteoporosis (lower) progressed despite
treatment. Arrows show bone fractures. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv3900k074yer95b9pz.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Oesophagitis |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4573748_Fig2_424256.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | 18F-FDG PET/CT images of a 24-year-old man with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Patient 7). Maximum-intensity projection PET image (a) and sagittal PET/CT images (b), showing diffuse homogeneous bone marrow uptake in the body trunk and focal uptake in the extremities. The white blood cell count was elevated (9100/μL) and leukemia was confirmed by the detection of leukemic cells in the peripheral blood (21.5 %) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4234859_Fig1_336955.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image |
Morphological description of
Fusarium temperatum.
(A) Slit lamp photograph showing infected cornea involving regions of sclera; (B) KOH mount of the scraping material showing fungal hyaline and nonseptate hyphae (magnification, ×40); (C) Sporodochia present in yellowish orange on CLA; (D) Growth of the isolate F. temperatum on OA, agar pigmentation ranges from colorless to dark purple on; reverse pigmentations in light pink; (E) Growth of isolates on PDA at 25°C; (F)
In situ conidiophores with false heads; (G) Microconidia on CLA; (H-I) Macroconida; (J) Coild hyphae; (K-L) Monophialidic and polyphialidic conidiogenous cells. All scale bars, 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3999369_Fig7_284234.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Ovarian torsion in a 38-year-old woman at gestation week 26 with acute pelvic pain. Axial (a), coronal (b) and sagittal (c) T2-weighted sequences show an enlarged, oedematous right ovary (arrow). Axial T1-weighted VIBE fat-saturated sequence (d) shows areas of hypersignal in the context of the right ovary indicative of haemorrhagic infarction |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4413794_fig04_381776.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | MR scans of a 54-year-old patient with adenocarcinoma in the left lung. During initial examination on coronal T2-weighted images, (a) primary tumour (red arrow) is seen as being isointense to soft tissue. Correspondent coronal DW image displays tumour as a hyperintense zone (b). On the transaxial images, the SI (signal intensity) of the primary tumour (on b-value of 50 and 1000 s mm−2) is seen to stay relatively high and only decrease slightly together with lesion diameter if b-value is elevated (c and d). On ADC (e) map, the primary lesion shows low SI, corresponding to the malignant nature of the tumour. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3171301_F3_108149.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | 3a, preoperative lateral plain x-ray which shows L4/5 grade II spondylolisthesis on a young patients who failed medical treatment. 3b, post operative anterio-posterior and lateral x-ray on one year follow up. It demonstrates an L4/5 spinal fixation with reduction of the slipped L4/5 segment. Adequate spinal fusion is also noted. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3058104_F2_90285.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Case 2. Serial contrast-enhanced CT scans of the chest. (a) one month after gefitinib therapy; (b) CT scan showing a new lesion at the right lund after 29 months of gefitinib therapy; (c) CT showing a stable disease of the lung nodule after two cycles of chemotherapy; (d) CT scan showing a marked regression of the tumor in the right lung, and stable disease of the tumor in the left lung after one month of gefitinib re-challenge. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4240947_F2_338556.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | SEM images of TN films (a) unannealed and annealed at (b) 200°C, (c) 400°C, (d) 600°C, and (e) 800°C. The insets are optical images of water droplets on the sample surface, during the WCA measurement. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3960519_fig1_275551.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Sites for spleen stiffness measurement by Quantitative Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography (VTTQ). Cranial section: 1: external, 2 and 3: central, and 4: internal; intermediate section: 5: external, 6: central, and 7: internal; caudal section: 8: external, 9: central, and 10: internal. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4220689_F4_332976.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | This diagram summarizes the functional connectivity (FC) changes in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy compared to healthy controls. The color map shows the default-mode network (z-scores) derived from independent component analysis or RS-fMRI data overlaid on a standard single-subject anatomy (Montreal Neurological Institute space). Widespread FC reductions were found within the DMN (dashed lines), as well as between anterior DMN and the thalamus. Increased FC related to increased disease duration has been observed between posterior DMN regions and the parahippocampal gyrus (solid line). ACC, anterior cingulate cortex, IPL, inferior parietal lobule, PRE, precuneus, PHG, parahippocampal gyrus, TH, thalamus. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3774713_pone-0073571-g010_231721.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Effect of PUFAs on junctional localization of TJ proteins by immunofluorescence.Cells were pre-incubated with PUFAs or without (37°C group and 43°C group) for 96 h with heat exposure for 1 h, and cultured for 24 hours. Results were reported from 3 independent experiments. Magnification was 400×. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2759966_F1_47775.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Immunohistochemical detection of TS in TMA cores of colorectal carcinoma cases. Strong cytoplasmic staining, graded as positive with a total score of 6/6 (a); mild focal cytoplasmic staining, graded as negative with a total score of 2/6 (b); absence of staining in a signet-ring cell carcinoma, with a total score of 0/6 (c). (Magnification: ×100). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2830455_pntd-0000618-g002_58164.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Inducible RNAi on tubulin genes through the T. congolense life cycle.Phase contrast microscope images of the in vitro cultivated IL3000:13–29 strain transfected with p2T7Ti/αTUB vector in all the developmental stages. Non induced and tetracycline (1 µg/ml for 24 h and 48 h) induced cells are presented. PCF, EMF colonies, MCF (after DE52 purification) and BSF on BAE feeder cell layer were observed directly in the culture medium. In the insets, PCF and MCF were fixed and stained with 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) before observation in phase contrast. Scale bars = 10 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05470.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | MRI brain with contrast; T1 coronal sequence demonstrating a mass close to the external auditory canal with diffuse minimal somewhat heterogeneous enhancement. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3967929_pgen-1004220-g006_277011.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Protection by Hid/Rpr-induced cell death is sensitive to ban gene dosage.Wing imaginal discs from larvae carrying one copy each of ptc4-GAL4, UAS-hid, UAS-rpr and tub-GAL80ts were fixed and stained for DNA (A, C, E) and cleaved Caspase 3 (B, D, F) at 4 h after irradiation with 0 (-IR) or 4000R (+IR) of X-rays. Additional genotypes were as indicated. (G) shows the timeline followed. In otherwise wild type background (D), areas outside the ptc domain showed reduced caspase staining reflecting protection in response to ptc4>Hid/Rpr (arrows). In contrast, the corresponding areas in ban/+ discs showed caspase activity (F, arrows). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4460289_Fig2_394699.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Expression of 3xP3-eGFP in transgenic M. abdita. a–d Heads of M. abdita wild type (wt; a, b) and transgenic fly (tg; c, d) shown with white light (a, c) and fluorescent illumination using a GFP long-pass filter set (488 + GFP LP; b, d). Transgenic animals showed fluorescence in ocelli (arrowheads) and ommatidia (brackets, asterisk in d) as reported for D. melanogaster (Horn et al. 2000). Presumably due to the dark pigmentation, fluorescence in the ommatidia is restricted to a small area of the ommatidia that are directly facing the microscope lens. Scale bar (in a) is 0.2 mm |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic52090.jpg | is this a t1 weighted image? | no |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4121166_pone-0103126-g003_311238.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Induction of apoptosis in TE-11R cells treated with t-PDT.(A) TE-11R cells were pretreated with talaporfin sodium (30 µg/mL) for 24 h, and then irradiated (10 J/cm2). Phase-contrast images were taken at 2 or 4 h after t-PDT. The images of untreated cells are also shown. Arrows indicate perinuclear vacuolization and cell shrinkage suggesting apoptosis. Scale bar, 100 µm. (B) Flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis in TE-11R cells treated with or without talaporfin sodium (30 µg/mL) for 24 h with or without subsequent laser irradiation (10 J/cm2). Cells were stained with FITC-labelled annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) 4 h after irradiation. A representative experiment out of three is shown. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2753637_F2_47039.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Expression of E-cadherin, Slug and GSK3β proteins in invasive ductal carcinomas of breast. (A) Strong membranous E-cadherin expression in normal breast tissue (B) Loss of E-cadherin membranous localization in tumor cells. (C) Loss of Slug protein in normal breast (D) Nuclear accumulation of Slug in IDC (E) GSK3β expression in normal breast epithelium (F) IDC showing loss cytoplasmic GSK3β (G) GSK3β nuclear localization in tumor cells; and (H&I) Nuclear accumulation of Slug and loss of E-cadherin immunostaining examined on the adjacent sections of the same tumor. (A-I, original magnification × 400). Arrows show Membranous (M), Nuclear (N) and cytoplasmic (C) localization of the proteins. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01618.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Right common iliac angiogram poststenting demonstrates successful treatment of arterio-jejunal fistula. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4319900_pone.0115482.g002_356022.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Immunostained human cells in spleen and temporal artery (TA) xenograft sections demonstrate persistent human PBMC colonization at 28 days.(A) MHC-1 positive staining. (B) Mitochondria positive staining. (C) CD3+ positive staining. Brown stained cells (arrow) are positively stained for selected human antigens (n = 11. MHC-I—major histocompatibility complex-I-I. Magnification: 400X for spleen, 200X for TA grafts and 800X for insets. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3169465_F3_107684.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging. These two coronal FLAIR images demonstrate increased signal intensity within the cortical gray matter of the parietal, occipital and frontal lobes, with minimal involvement of the sub-cortical white matter. The deep white matter is spared. This picture is consistent with scattered regions of vasogenic edema most consistent with vasculitis, and not indicative of posterior reversible encephalopathy from hypertension. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_uterus/train_1842.jpg | What is present? | uterus |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4439483_fig2_388444.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Renal biopsy. Top images (a and b) are electron microscopy slides demonstrating increase in mesangial matrix with segmental mesangial deposits. The glomerular architecture shows corrugation of basement membrane with focal effacement of foot processes. Bottom images are direct immunofluorescence (DIF) showing glomerular staining with C3 (c), fibrinogen (d), and IgA (e), supporting diagnosis of HSP. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2359665_fig1_20879.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Cellular epigenetic heterogeneity in cancer. Immunohistochemical examination of prostate cancer tissues by an antibody against histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation reveals cell–cell differences in total levels of H3K18ac. The cells with brown nuclei are positively stained (indicated by brown block arrows) and their increased percentage is related to better clinical outcome. The unstained nuclei are blue (indicated by blue arrows). The tissues shown are of equivalent grade but represent (A) low, (B) medium and (C) high levels of cellular H3K18ac. Magnification: 10 × , top panel; 40 × , bottom panel. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3261482_fig5_122501.jpg | What is shown in this image? | SEM micrographs of the tablets formulation (B). Observations performed on the tablet surface (top) and inside (bottom), for noncoated tablets and nanoemulsions coated (NE-coated). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4008434_pone-0095886-g003_285483.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Variable pathological presentations of KFD were shown within one lymph node.The left panel is the scanning view of a bisected lymph node. (Scale bar: 1 mm). The high power view of areas b, c, and d were shown in the right panels (Scale bar: 200 µm). Area b showed nonspecific reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Area c showed necrosis with karyorrhexis. Area d showed. histiocytic infiltration with karyorrhexis. It demonstrated the possibility of sampling bias if distinct sites of the lesion were harvested. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2092.jpg | What is present? | spleen |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_45107.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Figure 1: Chest X-ray showing a homogenous opacity in the right hemithorax with scattered calcification. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3224550_F6_117041.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Analysis of O-GlcNAcylated cytoskeletal proteins by using the in situ PLA assay. Localization of O-GlcNAcylated actin (A, B), O-GlcNAcylated α-actinin 4 (C, D), O-GlcNAcylated α-tubulin (E, F) and O-GlcNAcylated myosin (G, H) in the glomerulus (1) and tubule (2) of normal (A, C, E, G) and diabetic (B, D, F, H) rats. Arrows in D indicate podocytes. I-L) Relative number of signals per cell. Ten different glomeruli and tubules were obtained from each sample. Signals were analyzed by Blob-Finder software. Values represent means ± SEM from 3 different rats. *P < 0.05 vs. control Wistar rat (W). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4589610_fig1_428781.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Admission CT and DSA. CT = computed tomography and DSA = digital subtraction angiogram. (A) Axial uninfused CT of the brain at the level of the mesencephalon displaying thick subarachnoid clot in the basal cisterns. (B) Axial uninfused CT of the brain at the level of the lateral ventricles displaying hydrocephalus, a small left acute subdural hematoma and diffuse SAH. (C) Lateral projection of left internal carotid artery injection via DSA displaying a small anterior choroidal artery aneurysm (black arrow). (D) Three-dimensional reconstruction of DSA displaying anterior choroidal artery aneurysm on the inferior portion of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1618.jpg | Where does this belong to? | gastrointestinal system |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4602947_F3_432555.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | (A) Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen revealed wall thickening of the transverse colon around the hepatic flexure (white arrowhead) at the initial evaluation. (B) and (C) At 20 mo after the initial evaluation, abdominal CT revealed exacerbation of the intestinal stricture in the transverse colon around the hepatic flexure (B, white arrow), dilatation of the ascending colon (C, black arrowhead), and extraintestinal fluid accumulation, which indicated abscess formation (C, black arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2766879_F0002_48634.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | LCA of spleen. Case 1. MRI. Axial spin-echo T1W (A), axial gradient-echo T1W (B) and axial fast spin-echo T2W (C) images show a hypointense splenic mass (arrows). A contrast-enhanced image (D) shows heterogeneous enhancement (arrow). An incidental hemangioma is seen in the right lobe of the liver (arrowhead in D) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv8908c074y4axv51cb.jpg | Where in the image is the anatomical landmark? | Center, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Upper-left, Lower-center, Lower-left |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4438513_Fig3_388101.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Differentiated SW872 adipocytes depict a high abundance of lipid droplets but no UCP1 expression. (a) Oil Red staining was carried out as described above and the presence of stained lipid droplets at D7 was assessed at a magnification of 20×. (b and c) Premature and differentiated SW872 cells were co-stained with mitotracker (green) to test the abundance of mitochondria, lipidtox (red, in b) for neutral lipid droplets or anti-UCP1 antibodies (red, in c) and DAPI (blue) to visualize nuclei. Single-channel images were overlayed and processed by Photoshop software. All scale bars are reported. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01501.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Coronal CT image of an antrochoanal polyp on the right side. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1435769_F6_5079.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | lipid exchange and syncytia formation during cell-to-cell fusion experiments. HeLa-Env/LAI and target cells were labeled with DiO and DiI, respectively. Co-cultures of labeled cells were performed in the presence of PBS (control), Rgp41A buffer, Rgp41A or T-20. After 6 h, lipid exchange between both types of cells was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. In parallel, an X-Gal assay was performed to estimate the fusion efficiency between Env- and CD4-expressing cells in the presence or absence of inhibitors. Indicated percentages correspond to the proportion of double-positive gated cells. -: absence of syncytia, +/-: presence of small syncytia, +: presence of many large syncytia. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_35695.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Volume-rendered reformation. Stenosis of the left main bronchus (LMB). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3919898_f2-ol-07-03-0721_265964.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Representative images of vimentin protein expression stained by (A–C) immunoperoxidase and (D–F) immunofluorescent techniques in a breast cancer cell model. Biopsy specimens containing (G–I) ducts and lobules, and (J–L) invasive carcinoma determined by inmunoperoxidase techniques (magnification, ×400). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_baby/train_2656.jpg | What shows typical lesion? | this photo of infant from head to toe |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic59574.jpg | which plane is the image taken? | sagittal |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4183599_pone-0109304-g004_324797.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | An adhesion molecule, Syndecan-1 (SDC1), was not associated with CDCP1 and did not respond to the stimulation of CDCP1.HS5 cells were fixed before and after stimulation, and stained for CDCP1 (green), SDC1 (red) and nuclei (blue). SDC1 localized to the basal surface of the cells, and were especially concentrated in the focal adhesion areas in both control and stimulated cells. CDCP1 shifted toward the tip of the cells after stimulation, whereas SDC1 did not. White staining indicates CDCP1 localizing over the nucleus. Original objective, X60. Scale bars, 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4491237_Fig1_402823.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Transient melanoma progression in a patient treated in Cohort A, accompanied by vitiligo. a This patient developed the onset of vitiligo and greying hair after receiving four cycles of Melanoma GVAX. Vitiligo was initially confined to a prior lymphadenectomy incision site, but progressed to other skin sites and hair over the next few months. b Pelvic CT scan at the 6-month evaluation interval showed enlarging left pelvic lymph nodes (yellow and red arrows), biopsy-proven to be recurrent melanoma. At 8 months, these lesions had regressed without further intervention. Two months later, they enlarged again and the patient went on to receive other therapies. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3881508_fig1_256664.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | (a) Plain sacroiliac joint X-ray showing irregularities in each joint space (apparent in the right). (b) Evident bone marrow edema area in right side on sacroiliac magnetic resonance (MR) (yellow arrow). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3875756_F2_254902.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Confocal microscopy of ORF2p intracellular distribution during murine mammary cancer progressionThe top row panels depict ORF2p-specific IF, the bottom rows panels show merged images of LINE-1 ORF2p (red channel) and Hoechst-counterstained nuclei (blue channel). The arrows point to LINE-1 ORF2p positive nuclei and arrowheads to perinuclear accumulation of LINE-1 ORF2p. Panels in rows 3 and 4 show high magnification image details. Bars, 10 micrometers. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4109228_fig3_308393.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | (a) Papillary, hyperplastic, chronically inflamed synovium is shown with abundant fibrin covering the surface and multiple fragments of bone being degraded by histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells. (b) At higher magnification, fibrin is seen on the surface of the synovium with a hyperplastic synovium consistent with chronic inflammation. (c) Fibrin and bone are detailed at 40x magnification showing multiple bone fragments which is typical of a rapidly destructive joint process. (d) Bone is seen being further broken down by multinucleated giant cells. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3253681_F1_121459.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | GABA is present in cerebellar glial cells but not in hippocampal CA1 astrocytes. Representative image of immunostaining with anti-GABA(Red), anti-GFP(Green) and anti-mBest1(Magenta) antibody showing the presence of GABA in glial cells in cerebellar cortex (A, B) and absence of GABA in hippocampal CA1 (C, D). Merge means GFAP-GFP merged with GABA. Upper panels (A, C) show lower magnification (20×, scale bar; 50 μm) and lower panels (B, C) show higher magnification (60×, scale bar; 20 μm). White arrows indicate Bergmann glial cell and lamella astrocytes in (B). GC; Granule cell layer, ML; Molecular layer, Py; Pyramidal cell layer, SR; Stratum radiatum. |
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