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splits/subfolder_2/PMC3849455_F3_248013.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Indirect immunofluorescence staining of E-cadherin. Compared with unstimulated cells (A), incubation of HTR8/SVneo cells in the presence of 20 ng/mL OSM for 48 h resulted in a robust downregulation of E-cadherin (B), whereas there was no significant expression change after pretreatment with stattic (1 μM, 1 h) (C). The expression of E-cadherin after pretreatment with stattic and 48 h incubation with OSM was similar to the expression of E-cadherin in unstimulated cells (D). Results shown are representative of 3 independent experiments. Magnification, 1000×. Cells were counterstained with DAPI. Scale bar, 20 μm; differential interference contrast scale bars, 10 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4256400_pone-0114403-g001_341860.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | HSP90α is upregulated in epithelial cells lining liver cysts.(A, B) Representative hematoxylin stained liver sections with immunohistochemical detection of HSP90α (brown) from three (A) wild type (wt) and (B) Pkd1
–/– mice. bd = bile duct, pv = portal vein, c = cyst. Scale bars = 100 µm; magnification, 20x. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic17869.jpg | what image plane is this? | transverse |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3874558_F2_254614.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Developmental time course of Gpr54 and Kiss1 expression in the mouse testes. Testes of wild-type (WT), Kiss1+/− and Gpr54+/− mice at different ages were cryosectioned, stained for β-galactosidase activity, and counterstained with Saffronin. Blue dots (arrowed) indicate expression of the Kiss1 and Gpr54 genes. All photographs are at the same magnification. Scale bar = 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3567073_pone-0056062-g006_184506.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Bladder and ureter morphology in P1 Fgfr2ST−/− and control mice following cystograms.
A–B. H&E staining shows similar bladder histology between controls (A) and mutants (B). C–D. Immunofluorescence (IF) also shows normal urothelium (green) and alpha smooth muscle actin staining (red) in control (C) and Fgfr2ST−/− mice (D). E–H. H&E staining and IF shows normal urothelium and muscle layers in control ureters (E, G) and mutant ureters (F, H). Arrows indicate muscle layer; Arrowheads indicate urothelium. Scale bar = A–D: 300 µm, E–H: 500 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4656244_Fig2_446792.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see |
a Coronal MIP MDCT image showing an appearance of complete thrombosis of the infrarenal portion of IVC (on the right (arrow) and tortuous appearance of gonadal vein (median pathway) (on the left) (asterisk) b Coronal MIP MDCT image showing enlarged inferior hemorrhoidal vein (portal pathway) (arrow) c Sagittal MIP MDCT image showing ascending lumbar veins with an appearance of pseudomasses at the level of lumbar vertebra (deep pathway) (arrow) d Coronal MPR MRI image showing infrarenal IVC agenesis (arrow) (e) Coronal MPR MRI image showing enlarged epigastric vein (superficial pathway) (arrow) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3466321_pone-0045040-g018_159501.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Pseudocolor isosurface plots of the local membrane potential illustrating scroll-wave dynamics in a mural slice of our 3D simulation domain with a random distribution of myocytes and fibroblasts.We obtain three qualitatively different behaviors, namely, SRS (Single Rotating Scroll), MRSP (Multiple Rotating Scrolls), and SA (Scroll Absorption). Illustrative pseudocolor plots with isosurface slicing of show the time evolution of a scroll wave for (a.1)–(a.3) SRS with , (b.1)–(b.3) MRS with , and (c.1)–(c.5) SA with . (For full spatiotemporal evolutions see Video S6.). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4168995_F1_321270.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Renal biopsy (periodic acid silver methenamine-Masson trichrome, ×40). Mild proliferation of mesangial cells (arrow head), with three or more cells per mesangial area, and increase of mesangial matrix (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1373660_F1_4588.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Computed tomographic scan showing a low-density mass measuring 8 × 7 cm that has destroyed part of the cortical bone of the sternum. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3893836_fig1_259196.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | (a) Computed tomographic scan of the abdomen pelvis prior to IR drainage showing left liver abscess measuring 13.5 × 7.4 × 10.3 cm. (b) Computed tomographic scan of the abdomen pelvis 2 days after the IR drainage of 200 cc fluid, showing increase in abscess size to 16 × 7 cm. (c) Computed tomographic scan of the abdomen pelvis 5 weeks following left partial liver lobectomy and antibiotics showing abscess size reduced to 5.3 × 3.9 × 7 cm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4153909_Fig1_317623.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative |
A FNAB smear of the patient’s tumour. *FNAB sample featuring dissociated cells with pronounced anisonucleosis. Plasmacytoid shape of some cells is poorly discernable (Giemsa, x60). Panel on the right: a group of tumour cells without a specific organoid structure (Giemsa, x60). Panel on the left: positive immunocytochemical reaction for synaptophysin A, (x60). Reaction was performed after the diagnosis of PG was already known. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1821.jpg | Does this image show thyroid gland, normal? | yes |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3523071_F4_173579.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Transfection of the pEGFP-N1 vector and the pEGFP-N1-DTA vector into 293T cells.A) Transfection of pEGFP-N1 into 293T cells: high EGFP expression at 48 h post-transfection. B) Transfection of pEGFP-N1-DTA into 293T cells: low levels of EGFP expression. A1 and B1, pictures taken under white light; A2 and B2, pictures taken under UV light; A3 and B3, merged pictures. Magnification, 400×. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4447016_Fig1_390585.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | A 41-year-old woman who presented with 60° post-tubercular angular kyphosis in the 5th and 6th thoracic vertebrae. Preoperation X-ray (a), MRI (b), CT images (c). After PVCR procedure, her kyphosis were corrected to 16° (d). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3784919_F6_234032.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Illustration of linear registration from MR (top: A–C) and histology (bottom: D–F) 3D volume to T1 template. Axial (left), sagittal (middle), and coronal (right) views. P, posterior; S, superior; L, left. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2715.jpg | Is cardiovascular present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3346763_pone-0036069-g002_136811.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative |
In vivo imaging of 5-dpf old live transgenic cyp19a1b-GFP zebrafish embryos exposed to chemicals inducing GFP expression in radial glial progenitors.Dorsal views (anterior to the top) of the telencephalon (tel), preoptic area (poa), and nucleus recessus posterioris (nrp) of the caudal hypothalamus. For each chemical the concentration used is indicated. CTRL: solvent control, EE2: 17α-ethinylestradiol, E2: 17β-estradiol, E1: estrone, E3: estriol, DES: diethystilbestrol, HEX: hexestrol, GEN: genistein, α-ZEA: α-zearalenol, α-ZEE: α-zearalanol, β-ZEE: β-zearalanol, BPA: bisphenol A, 4-t-PP: 4-t-pentylphenol, 4-t-OP, 4-t octylphenol, NPmix: mixture of nonylphenol, o,p’DDT: 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane, MXC: methoxychlor, HPTE 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, Testo: testosterone, DHT: dihydotestosterone, 17α-MT: 17α-methyltestosterone, 17β-Trenb: 17β-trenbolone, Noreth.: 17α-Ethynyl-19-nortestosterone, D(-)N: 13β-Ethyl-17α-ethynyl-17β-hydroxygon-4-en-3-one, ICI (ICI 182-780). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3885150_fig4_257349.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Preoperative computerised tomography. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4108031_F3_308127.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | VMP1-deficient UVM11 cells display severe phenotypes. (A) WT cell. (B − M) VMP1-deficient cells. (L2, M2) Epifluorescence images of L1 and M1, respectively. Blue areas in L2 display DAPI-stained DNA. Red areas in L2 and M2 show chlorophyll autofluorescence. Images labeled with the same letter show the same cell, using different focal planes, done in order to reveal more details. White arrows point at CVs; black arrows point at flagella. Scale bars = 5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4546636_pone.0136257.g002_416942.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Electron micrographs of YN12246 particles negatively stained with 2% potassium phosphotungstate.(A) The black arrow indicates an intact particle; (B) The white arrow indicates an empty particle. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2957200_fig2_76318.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Immunohistochemical analyzes and cell death staining of the cervical spinal cord. Schematic illustration of the transversal spinal cord (a). Cell death staining by FluoroJade and Gallyas are shown in (b) and (c) for BAsyn/PaKO. An example showed a cell positive for Gallyas and GFAP in adjacent slices ((c), (d)). Immunopositive structures of the cervical spinal cord for hm α-syn (with or without proteinase K), GFAP, Iba1, CATX, and CATS are shown for LM in (e)–(j) and for BAsyn/PaKO in (k)–(p). (q)–(v) are higher magnifications of (k)–(p). Scale bars: (e)–(p): 200 μm; (q) and (r): 10 μm, (s)–(v): 100 μm, and details of (s)–(v): 10 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06239.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Same patient (patient B) as in Fig. 2. Selective digital subtraction angiogram of the celiac axis showing multiple areas of contrast extravasation from peripheral branches of the splenic artery |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_76430.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | A large, well-defined uniloculer radiolucency of the initial lesion in left posterior mandible enclosing the permanent second premolar |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3252308_pone-0029124-g001_121346.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Immunohistochemical staining of HGF, c-Met and CXCR4 in breast cancer specimens.Original magnification, 400×. (A) Representative micrographs of immunohistochemical results for negative HGF, c-Met or CXCR4 staining in breast benign diseases (an atypical hyperplasia or carcinoma in situ) and for positive HGF, c-Met or CXCR4 staining in an invasive breast carcinoma; (B) Representative micrographs of immunohistochemical results for positive HGF, c-Met and CXCR4 staining cell counts, where the intensity of immunohistochemical staining correlates with the histopathological grading of invasive breast carcinomas. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2996572_F0003_80401.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Photomicrographs of sections of the spleen. Note: (a) Normal cytoarchitecture in a, b, c and e. (b) Increased white pulp in d, f, g and h, (a, b): Control group (1 × 100 magnification). Rp, red pulp; Wp, white pulp, (c): Therapeutically equivalent dose group (1 × 100 magnification). Cp, capsule; Wp, white pulp, (d) Therapeutically equivalent dose group (1 × 100 magnification). Rp, red pulp; Wp, white pulp, (e): Therapeutically equivalent dose × 5 group (1 × 100 magnification). Cp, capsule, (f–h): Therapeutically equivalent dose × 10 group (1 × 100 magnification). Rp, red pulp; Wp, white pulp |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_head/train_1255.jpg | What does this image show? | extensive lesions |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4490535_ijms-16-13989-f006_402596.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Representative patterns of H2O2 production in young (A–D) and mature (E–H) leaves of A. thaliana as indicated by the fluorescence of 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), in the absence or in the presence of Pq. H2O2 content in a control young leaf (A) and a mature leaf (E); H2O2 content 30 min after Pq treatment in a young leaf (B) and in a mature leaf (F); H2O2 content 60 min after Pq treatment in a young leaf (C) and in a mature leaf (G); H2O2 content 4 h after Pq treatment in a young leaf (D) and in a mature leaf (H). Scale bars: 500 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1831762_F5_10139.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Non-human primate orthotopic (bone) bioassay – Histology. (A-D): samples of alveolar bone implanted with DFDBA. (E-H): Samples of alveolar bone implanted with CS-Platelet. All grafted sites, whether implanted with CS-Platelet or with DFDBA, showed regeneration of trabecular bone. In the sites grafted with DFDBA some residual biomaterial was still visible (B, black arrows). Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. (A and E, 40× original magnification). (B-D and F-H, 100× original magnification). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic59710.jpg | what part of the body is being imaged? | face, sinuses, and neck |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_56304.jpg | What is shown in this image? | 3-Dimensional view of aortic valve from the aortic root clarifying the anatomy of quadricuspid aortic valve. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3553174_pone-0054344-g007_181047.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | KLF5 and Ki67 co-localize to the isthmal region.KLF5 and Ki67 immunohistochemistry staining was assessed on murine gastric tissue sections from uninfected mice (A and C) or H. pylori PMSS1-infected mice (B and D) at 400× magnification. Insets demonstrate regions of KLF5 and Ki67 co-localization (arrows) within the isthmal regions of the gastric epithelium (E and F). Nuclei are stained in blue. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2605455_F1_31615.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Computed tomography demonstrating pneumatosis intestinalis within the walls of the small and large bowel (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3956891_pone-0092026-g002_274587.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | fMRI activation maps and fMRI-guided ensemble tracts for a) HC, b) aMCI and c) AD.From left to right, PANEL 1: second level fMRI group activation map resulting from one sample t-tests performed separately for each group, verbal fluency task, axial views; PANELS 2/4: anterior (A), left lateral (L) and right lateral (R) views of the ensemble tract based on the activation of the first panel. The yellow circles highlight the left CB (anterior view) and the left AF (left view), observable with different portions in all the three groups. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4620652_Fig3_437475.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Arteriovenous crossing in a human retina (reproduced from [1]). Retinal arteries and veins are very close both in the optic nerve head and at the arteriovenous crossing in the retina. This allows molecular cross talk between arteries and veins in these specific locations. Left: microscopic view of a histologic specimen. Right: schematic representation of the feasibility of a molecular interference. In physiological conditions, the locally produced endothelin-1 has an effect just on the underlying smooth muscle cells. This is different under pathological conditions (see also Fig. 8) |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_lungs/train_0498.jpg | What are apparent? | extensive mucous plugging and dilation of the tracheobronchial tree |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08587.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | MRI image of large bulky cervix with posterior mass contiguous with wall of rectum. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC1177971_F5_2579.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells have multiple vacuoles. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (false colored) images of (A) BMS and (B) BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells loaded with 10 μM of the vacuolar dye BCECF-AM. Laser scanning confocal 'light transmitted' images of (C) BMS and (D) BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells are shown in black and white. The bar represent 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3940960_pone-0090554-g002_271161.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Parameters obtained from the red free fundus photograph.Reference line “c” is a line from the center of the optic disc to the center of the macula. The vertical distance of the central vessel trunk “a” and horizontal distance “b” was measured from the reference line and retinal nerve fibre layer width (RNFLW) using Image J software. Inset shows the division of the disc by two lines into 4 quadrants for determining the exit quadrant of the central vessel trunk. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_44058.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Lateral fluoroscopic view showing needle tip at entrance of foramen ovale. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4193737_pone-0108337-g001_326997.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Sonography images of the patellar tendon (A) Thickness of the patellar tendon (dotted line) was measured from the superior border of the patellar tendon to the tip of the patellar.(B) Cross-sectional area of the patellar tendon was measured by tracing the outer margin of the patellar tendon (dotted circle) (C) Shear elastic modulus of the patellar tendon was quantified by the elastography. The white circle delineates the area of interest. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4570338_sensors-15-18587-f002_423671.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Random-dot pattern projected onto surfaces and plants: (a) the dot pattern printed on a transparency film (in this figure, it is under a transparent window); (b) an image of the pattern projected (with maximum brightness) on a piece of white paper; (c) an image of the pattern projected on a black curtain; (d) the pattern projected on a cabbage plant; (e) cucumber plant; and (f) a compound leaf from a big tomato plant. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4636830_Fig1_442217.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | TEE showed an IVC-left atrium diversion soon after the repair. LA left atrium; RA right atrium; IVC inferior vena cava |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4186359_f5-etm-08-05-1409_325340.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | (A) Computed tomography angiography image showing the bilateral vertebral artery. (B) Negative and (C) 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images showing a well-developed type IIIa dissecting aneurysm of the right vertebral artery located proximally to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and the contralateral vertebral artery. The aneurysm was treated with coiling combined with right vertebral artery occlusion. (D) DSA image of the left vertebral artery. The post-treatment angiograms show (E) complete obliteration of the aneurysm and (F and G) occlusion of the distal part of the right vertebral artery. (H) Negative image of the right vertebral artery following treatment. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3835584_pone-0080353-g002_245146.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Results of the voxel-based morphometric (VBM) analysis: comparison of white matter volume between the groups of subjects.A- Zones of decreased white matter volume in bvFTD patients compared to controls (p<0.05 after FWE correction for multiple comparisons). B- Zones of decreased white matter volume in PSP patients compared to controls (p<0.05 after FWE correction for multiple comparisons). C- Zones of decreased white matter volume in PSP patients compared to bvFTD patients (p<0.05 after FWE correction for multiple comparisons). Abbreviations: R: right, L: left, A: anterior, P: posterior, bvFTD: behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia, PSP: progressive supranuclear palsy. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4117752_F8_310490.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | MPV17L2 gene silencing causes condensation of mtSSU proteins in foci that frequently coincide or overlap with enlarged mitochondrial nucleoids. HeLa cells treated with a random dsRNA (NT) or a specific siRNA for MPV17L2 (siR2) were analysed by confocal microscopy with antibodies to MRPS18B, MRPS27 and MRPS45 (red), the DNA was detected by anti-DNA (green) antibody. Co-localization of the ribosomal-specific red signal and DNA-specific green signal appears yellow in the merged images. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3970017_F4_277308.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Twenty-seven-year-old patient with left mesial temporal lobe sclerosis (FLAIR sequence, coronal view) and bitemporal interictal spikes. PET showed hypometabolism on the left mesial temporal structures and temporal pole (black arrow). SISCOM showed concordant ictal hyperperfusion (maximum in the temporal pole, shown in the figure). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2856395_F0003_62339.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | (a-c) Radiograph (anteroposterior and lateral) and T2W sagittal MRI in an 80-years-old female suffered severe mid back pain with T8 costal neuralgia radiating to anterior chest wall demonstrated T8 and T12 osteoporotic compression fractures without cord compression. (d) Radiograph (anteroposterior and lateral view) showed two-level TpBA vertebroplasties immediately post-operatively. The back pain and costal neuralgia subsided postoperatively (e) Radiograph (anteroposterior and lateral views) at 38-month follow-up illustrated well restoration and maintenance of the vertebrae |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3178485_F6_109462.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | 54 years-old male patient who received 1.7 GBq Y-90 microsphere therapy to the right and left lobes in separate sessions for liver metastases of colorectal cancer. 6A; coronal CT, 18F-FDG PET, fused and maximum intensity projection images of the whole body before the treatment. 6B; coronal CT, 18F-FDG PET, fused and maximum intensity projection images of the whole body after the treatment of the right lobe. 6C; coronal CT, 18F-FDG PET, fused and maximum intensity projection images of the whole body after the treatment of the left lobe. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic23782.jpg | what plane is this film | axial |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3935939_pone-0089739-g001_269752.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. |
Ocepeia daouiensis, Selandian, Phosphate level IIa of Sidi Chennane, Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco.
A. Stereophotographic dorsal view of the skull MNHN PM45. B. Stereophotographic ventral view of the skull MNHN PM45. Scale bar: 10 mm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1882.jpg | Does this image show opened uterus close-up with rather large polyp 66yo diabetic female no tissue diagnosis? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3973942_Fig1_278349.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Chest radiography shows a mass on the right lower mediastinum |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4090163_pone-0101246-g007_304818.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | The immunodetection of H3K4me2 in ‘matured’ (A–C), ‘dry’ (D–G) and ‘germinating’ (H–K) Brachypodium embryos.Cross sections through the scutellum (A, E, I), the coleoptile and leaf primordia (B, F, J), the SAM with leaf primordia (G, K), the proximal part of RAM (C), the RAM, root cap and coleorhiza (D, H, L). Bar: 50 µm. Enlargements of selected cross sections are provided (Figure S1). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz3doq8086udsxzgnde.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_skull/train_1234.jpg | Is medial aspect present? | no |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2799220_pone-0008587-g001_53537.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunolocalization of OX1R in intrapancreatic nerves.Light micrographs showing OX1R-immunoreactive nerve fibers (arrow) in the pancreas of normal (a), and diabetic (b, d) rats. OX1R expression is equally present in the nerve fibers of both normal and diabetic (4 weeks after the onset of diabetes) rats. Ganglion cells (arrow) of normal pancreas (c) expressed OX1R. Magnification: ×400. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4108440_pone-0103289-g008_308311.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Various morphologies of siliceous plates observed during the cell wall regeneration process of Triparma laevis NIES-2565.Cells lost all plates, which cultured in 1 µM-silicate medium were transferred to 100 µM-silicate medium, and SEM observations were performed with cells collected within 24 h incubation. (a) Cell with immature shield (S) or ventral (V) plate that has fimbriate edge. (b) Cell with shield and ventral plates. (c) Cell with almost mature shield plates but without a triradiate plate. (d) Cell with almost mature ventral and shield plates but without a girdle plate. (e), (f) Cells with all plates regenerated. G: girdle plate; T: triradiate plate. Bars indicate 1 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1797809_F2_9582.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Kinetics of DENV-2 midgut infection after oral challenge of Aedes aegypti. Chetumal mosquito midguts dissected at different time points (n = 30 for each time point) were assayed by IFA to detect DENV-2 viral antigen (green). At each time point two representative midguts from Chetumal mosquitoes are presented. Controls are an uninfected midgut and a dengue infected midgut (in red midgut musculature). The magnification was 100×. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3778399_F3_232688.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Typical SEM images of NGF material taken with different magnifications: overview of the mesoporous structure of the film (A) and a fragment of a flake transparent for secondary electrons taken with a higher resolution (B). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic18547.jpg | what imaging method was used? | nm - nuclear medicine |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3795762_pone-0076163-g003_237347.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | The intraepithelial lymphocyte densities are unaffected by the orientation of biopsy blocks.Panels A and C show tangential (A) and perpendicular (C) cuttings of paraffin embedded blocks stained for CD3+ T cells, i.e. the same biopsy block as in Figures 2C and 2D. The panels B and D present 40× magnified pictures of the mucosa from the places presented by the black rectangles in panels A and C. In these magnifications, the intraepithelial lymphocyte densities are 50 per 100 epithelial cells and 54 per 100 epithelial cells, respectively. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02357.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Coronal computed tomography images depicting the appendiceal duplication (arrows). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_53994.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Wish-in-rate map shown in a coronal view. The lower (caudal) part of the fibroid shows higher inflow rates |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4588885_F2_428607.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Accumulation of neutral lipids during nitrate deprivation. (A) Fluorescence intensity in P. tricornutum cells stained with BODIPY 505/515 at 48 and 72h after N deprivation. The level of lipid fluorescence was measured in 20–30 randomly selected cells using confocal microscopy. Statistical differences (*P<0.01) between nitrate-replete (N+) and nitrate deprived (N–) cultures are indicated. au, Arbitrary units. (B) Z-stack projections of P. tricornutum in N+ and N– cultures at 48 and 72h after N deprivation. Bar, 5 μm. (This figure is available in colour at JXB online.) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3163576_pone-0022835-g004_106777.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Final registration results for five tumors.Registered ex vivo T2*-w MRI (first column), in vivo T2*-w MRI (second column), registered color 3D histology (third column), and checkerboard view of in vivo and registered histology (fourth column). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4495785_F0001_404317.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | (A): photography of fundus showing CSCR limites; (white arrow) (B): the fluoresceine angio showing leakage points; (C): OCT scan demonstrating the neurosensory detachment |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1797168_F5_9528.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Rock benchmark object. a): Photo. b) Matching the photo, this shows the 3D model obtained using ATOS-II 3D scanner. c) Matching the photo, this shows the 3D model obtained using QTSculptor scanner. A detailed region of this surface was reproduced photographically (d), on the ATOS-II scanner (e) and QTSculptor (f). See text for feature description. Bar is 5 mm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4247283_f12-etm-09-01-0098_340083.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Hematoxylin and eosin staining showing normal kidney glomerulus tissue of a rat that returned to low altitude from high altitude (magnification, ×100). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_64033.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Magnetic resonance imaging (T1-weighted post Gadolinium) showing two of several contrast-enhancing leptomeningeal metastases, indicated by white arrows. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3418521_fig1_149657.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Dendritic spines in the CA1 region of the hippocampus visualized by DiI “DiOlistics” and confocal microscopy. (a) (left), Brightfield image of the CA1 region of a representative formalin-fixed hippocampal section (100 μm thickness) stained with DiI by particle-mediated labeling (DiOlistics) showing tungsten bullets used to deliver DiI (arrows). (right), DiI fluorescence from the same field of view. (b) Representative CA1 pyramidal neuron stained with DiI and imaged by confocal microscopy. Inset: apical dendritic segment representative of those selected for quantitative analyses of dendritic spines. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3478806_f6-sensors-12-11712_161654.jpg | What is shown in this image? | (a) A boat-mounted MLS for mapping of fluvial processes; (b) 20 m high river bank subject to flood erosion mapped using a boat-mounted MLS. Geomorphological features are easily detected due to the dense point clouds. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3049270_F0007_89030.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Identification of colon cancer. In a digital H&E stained tissue section of colonic adenocarcinoma (panel a), a single ring vector was selected such that it exhibited high specificity and sensitivity toward malignant glands (panel b). An additional single ring vector was selected such that it exhibited high specificity and sensitivity toward intervening intestinal stroma (panel c). Using combinatorial Boolean predicate calculus, the gated stromal area was subtracted from the gated malignant epithelium in panel B, yielding a hybrid vector-selection construct, in which greater sensitivity and specificity for the foreground feature was realized (panel d) than would be possible with a single vector alone |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4081363_f2-ol-08-02-0513_303299.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | (A) Brain metastasis at presentation prior to whole-brain radiotherapy. (B) No recurrence for brain metastasis or evident brain atrophy was present on magnetic resonance imaging 10 years after the initiation of treatment, however, (C and D) cerebral atrophy was shown to be gradually exacerbated on the images. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2342.jpg | What is present ? | plasma cell |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1310.jpg | Where is this? | nervous |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_31452.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Postchest drain insertion high-resolution CT (level of bifurcation of carina). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3551835_F1_180553.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Effect of aqueous extract of C. papaya leaves on the histological of rat pancreas evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (50X). a) Shows the Normal aspect of a Langerhans islet. b) Pancreas of non-diabetic rat treated with 1.5 g/100 mL showing a reduced Langerhans islet with smaller size with respect to a). c) Diabetic rat pancreas without treatment showing a small Langerhans’ islet due to streptozotocin injury. In contrast, diabetic rats treated with C. papaya leaf extract showed larger Langerhans’ islets for all doses: (d) 0.75 g/100 mL e) 1.5 g/100 mL. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, 200X. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4496347_F6_404528.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Apoptosis assaysThe leftmost panels in (a−c) are representative false−color images of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration changes (ΔCa2+) obtained as maximal projection rendering of all frames recorded while imaging C26GM cell cultures for 60 s. The same cultures were then immediately used for time-lapse microscopy, applying the polarity sensitive probe for the spatio-temporal analysis of apoptosis pSIVA-IANBD (pSiva, green) together with propidium iodide (PI, red) as instructed by the manufacturer. In (a) and (b), focal photodynamic injury was performed as usual. In (c), cells were loaded with AlClPc as in (a) and (b), but the laser was not activated. In (b), FFA was maintained throughout the recording. Scale bars, 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2861821_F0001_63215.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Cytospin smears from Case 1 showing papillary fragments (a. Papanicolaou × 200) of cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli (b. Papanicolaou × 400). Focal acinar arrangement is also noted (c. May-Grünwald-Giemsa × 400). Histologic section of the same case showing papillary renal cell carcinoma (d. HandE × 200) |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_75784.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Axial slice of kVCT study made 17 days before treatment start date. This was used for the creation of treatment Plan 1. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3359363_pone-0037355-g006_139205.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Xylanase diagnostic plate phenotypes of intein modified XynB (XynB:Tth) constructs.The T. thermophilus DnaE-1 intein (Tth) was inserted into 20 sites of XynB and expressed from lamda phage. λXynB:Tth infected E.coli were grown on xylanase diagnostic plates containing the insoluble substrate AZCL-xylane embedded in the top agarose. Xylanase activity was scored following heat treatment of the confluent lysis plates at 60°C/3 hr. Blue color development indicates xylanase activity. The plates shown are representative of the three different activity groups: active, partially active and inactive. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3678864_f2-ol-05-05-1501_210445.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Computed tomography scan showing an adrenal mass suspected to be a possible adrenal tumor. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3925252_F6_267268.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | In vivo merged 19 F (color) and proton (grayscale) MRI acquired on a clinical 3T scanner of a rabbit transplanted with 10,000 perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-labeled islets under the kidney capsule demonstrates clear visualization of cell transplants. The signal corresponds to 14,153 μg PFPE. Reprinted with permission from Barnett et al.[153]. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2588615_F1_30719.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Three-dimensional CT Reconstructions Demonstrating Progressive SHEAR Deformities Misdiagnosed as Normal. Anterior (left) and posterior (right) three-dimensional CT reconstructions of bilateral CT scans of the upper extremities are depicted. Grade 2 (a), grade 3 (b), and grade 4 (c) SHEAR deformities are present in three OBPI patients that have 9.6%, 27.2% and 56.5% of the scapular body visible over the clavicle compared to the contralateral shoulder, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3546317_F11_179362.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Sounds. Activations associated with “threatening” compared with “harmless” behavioral responses. Flexible factorial design p < 0.001. Extent threshold = 10. See Table 5A for anatomical descriptions and co-ordinates. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4700442_f6_459061.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Pathological observations of damages (e.g., the red spots especially for the lung) to four organs (lung, liver, kidney and heart) from KM mice after ricin aerosol exposure (10 μg/mouse) with and without the nsPEFs treatment with different pulse durations (10 ns, 100 ns and 300 ns) for 200 pulses.PC refers to the KM mouse group exposed to 10 μg/mouse ricin toxin via inhalation without treatment, and NC refers to the KM mouse group exposed to only saline aerosols. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4429611_Fig4_385863.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. |
Tetrandrine triggered induction of mitophagy. Mitophagy was detected in GFP-LC3 expressing HFF, Hela and MCF-7 cells treated with 5 μM tetrandrine for 24 h by labeling with the MitoTracker Red dye and observing under a confocal microscope. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3038859_pone-0014682-g006_87035.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | After internalization, Bin reaches recycling endosomes.MDCK-Cpm1 cells were transfected with markers of early and late endocytotic compartments, intoxicated with a mixture of unlabelled BinA and BinB-Al543 for 30 min and processed for confocal microscopy analysis. (A) BinB-Al543 fluorescent signal colocalized with GFP-Rab4, a typical marker of recycling compartments. (B) A significant colocalization was detected with TfR-myc that marks both endocytotic and recycling vesicles. (C - E) No colocalization was found with GFP-Rab7 and GFP-Lamp1 that marks late-endocytotic/lysosomal compartments and GFP-LC3 a marker of autophagic vesicles. Bars, 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3554442_F2_181125.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Acinar and linear calcifications are found in the cusps by X-ray examination. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06298.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Anteroposterior radiograph demonstrating a moderate to large right-sided pleural fluid collection which is predominantly subpulmonic in location. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4368073_f4-mmr-11-05-3285_369934.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Squamous cell carcinoma of primary lung cancer in a 47-year-old male with high expression of ChoK and ChAT. (A) Computed tomography transverse lung window imaging reveals the mass of left lung hilum with bronchial obstruction. (B–D) Positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging demonstrates 11C-Choline uptake with maximum standardized uptake value of 5.51 within mass. (E) Hematoxylin and eosin staining graph reveals that the tumor is a squamous cell carcinoma (magnification, ×400). ChaT, choline acetyltransferase; ChoK choline kinase α. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3680378_pone-0067971-g005_210840.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Lipid storage in bulbils.Vibratome-cut sections were stained with Sudan Black B to identify cells with neutral lipids. (A) Section through an
Arabidopsis
leaf with a low storage lipid content. (B) Stem and leaf section from
S
. moellendorffii
. (C) Section through a pumpkin oilseed with high storage lipid content. (D)
S
. moellendorffii
bulbil section. Stained lipids appears as dark blue or black. Air bubbles in A and B (arrows) appear dark and do not indicate staining. The images are representative of material from at least three different plants. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4080687_F7_303112.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Image quality and visible detail are clearly improved. Comparison of a single CT (left) to the average (middle) and median (right) of nine tilted CTs: streaking artifacts are strongly reduced, especially in the transverse and coronal view. Details in the vicinity of the metal implants are more truthfully represented, e.g. grey values of bone tissue within the bridges and crowns. In addition, aliasing has been reduced as well, which is especially visible in the occipital bone (arrows), a beneficial side effect of averaging over multiple exposures from different angles. The bounding box shows the region of interest for the calculation of bias, error and noise centered in the oral cavity. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4184795_pone-0107773-g005_324963.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Immunofluorescent localization images for HA-tagged proteins.Anti-HA primary antibody and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibody were used to label HA-tagged protein in fixed germ tubes/CATs. Typical DIC images (left), fluorescent images (middle), and merged images (right) are shown. Images are shown for Wild type (WT) control (top row), HA-ham-7 transformant germ tubes (row 2), and CATs (row 3), HA-ham-8 transformant germ tube (row 4) and CATs (row 5), HA-amph-1 transformant germ tube (row 6) and CATs (row 7), HA-whi-2 transformant germ tube (row 8) and CATs (bottom row). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3618045_pone-0060692-g001_196956.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Immunohistochemical analysis of skeletal muscle tumors.A: Biopsies from rhabdomyoma and the 3 rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes, alveolar, pleomorphic and embryonal, were analyzed for expression of Dlk1, Pax7 and Myogenin. Dlk1 was strongly expressed by all skeletal muscle tumor types and can thus be considered a solid marker. Expression of Pax7 and Myogenin in all tumors confirmed the skeletal muscle origin. Scalebar representative for all images: 50 µm. B: Dlk1 expression was detected specifically in cells co-expressing either Pax7 or Myogenin, shown as double staining. Two examples of rhabdomyosarcomas with these co-expression patterns are shown. Scalebar representative for all images: 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4344567_nutrients-07-00905-f008_363115.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Effect of CCM supplementation on morphology of (A) liver; (B) skeletal muscle; (C) heart; and (D) kidney in mice. Specimens were photographed by light microscopy. (H&E stain, magnification: ×200; Scale bar, 10 μm). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_35253.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Arrow pointing to focally enhancing soft tissue by right ureter. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4536757_Fig1_414659.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | CT scan and histology of grade 1 PHNET. Post-contrast CT image of the arterial phase (a), the portal venous phase (b) and the delayed phase (c) shows marked enhancement in the PHNET relative to the liver parenchyma (right lobe at the arterial phase), and slight hyperattenuation relative to the surrounding liver parenchyma in the delayed phases. The integrity of the capsule is maintained. The mitosis rate shows up as hypo-density and no enhancement on the dynamic enhanced CT scan. HE staining of the tumor (d) shows tumor cells arranged as solid nests, consistent cell size and mitosis rate was 1/10 HPF. Magnification: D = 100X |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3189619_fig2_111259.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Patient with partial response in lymph nodes but progression in bone. CT scans before (a) and after (b) 6 months of therapy with a TKI. The patient had a partial response in mediastinal and hilar adenopathy but progression in bone with cortical destruction. The patient's bone lesions were irradiated, and he was restarted on the TKI. The patient continues on the TKI after 24 months and has no further evidence of progression. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qv1fbv08327e4ybh7i.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White |
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