image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_2/PMC2963642_pone-0013586-g002_76779.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Spectrum of tumors observed in Met mutants.A) A bronchial alveolar adenocarcinoma and B) a histiocytic sarcoma in a FVB-MetM1248T mouse. C) A plasmacytoma and D) a sarcoma in a FVB-MetY1228C mouse. E and F) Hemangiosarcomas observed in the mammary pads of two individual FVB-MetD1226N mice. All H&E images were taken at 200× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2717141_f1-ehp-117-1131_42389.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Cellular composition of human neurospheres shown in cryostat sections (10 μm) of proliferating (A and B) and differentiating (8 days after plating; C and D) neurospheres (representatives of five spheres for each developmental stage). Nuclei are stained in blue with Hoechst; nestin and β(III)tubulin are stained in green; and GFAP is stained in red. Individual antibody stainings are shown as contrast images. Bars = 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4482762_pone.0131476.g005_400601.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Subcellular localization of R6 S25A and R6 S74A mutated forms.N2a cells were transfected with pYFP empty plasmid, pYFP-R6 wild type, pYFP-R6 S25A or pYFP-R6 S74A plasmids. The subcellular localization of R6 forms and glycogen granules was carried out as described in Materials and Methods. Images were obtained by using confocal microscopy (bars indicate 10 μm). Images corresponding to visible, YFP (in yellow) and glycogen (in red) fluorescences are shown. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2361857_fig2_21566.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptide binding. Tumour and endothelial cells were incubated with 5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labelled anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptides on chamber slides for 18 h. Peptide binding to the VEGF receptors, NP-1 and KDR, was examined on 4T1 (A), MDA-MB-231 (B) and HUVEC (C) cells by confocal microscopy (× 400 magnification). Images are representative of a scan zoom of between 1- and –4.2-fold. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3732673_Fig2_222394.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | a Preoperative anteroposterior radiograph in a 75-year-old male showing 31A2.3 pertrochanteric fracture. b Follow-up anteroposterior radiograph of the same patient showing union. c Follow-up lateral radiograph of the same patient showing union |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4454561_pone.0128629.g006_392992.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Myopathological changes in OPDM patients with various disease durations.(A) and (B) For patient 13, muscle biopsies exhibited myopathic features, including fiber size variation and rimmed vacuoles (arrowed). (C) and (D) For patient 6, muscle biopsies revealed rimmed vacuoles (arrowed), along with marked muscular dystrophic changes, including fiber size variation and endomysial proliferation (Bar = 100 μm). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC521686_F2_607.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Comparison of CF and AgNO3 staining in potato tissues. Plants were labelled with aqueous CFDA and left to translocate for 5 h prior to harvesting. Tubers or stems were hand sectioned and sections were either incubated in mineral oil and examined under a confocal microscope for CF fluorescence or stained for AsA using ethanolic AgNO3. Confocal images are shown on the left and silver stained sections on the right of each panel. A, stem (bar = 2 mm); B, developing tuber (bar = 3 mm); C, large developing tuber (bar = 5 mm). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_78829.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Computed tomographic scan showing a right-sided diaphragmatic hernia. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4158562_fig2_319006.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Pretreatment MRI. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4365716_F4_369361.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Fbxo2/Fbx2 expression in whole embryos at E10.5–E11. Whole mount immunohistochemistry was performed with the antibodies indicated and embryos were imaged with confocal microscopy. Fbx2 expression is shown in red, with Sox2 at E10.5 (A–C″) and Sox10 at E11 (D–E″) in green. Fbx2 expression is strong in the otic vesicle epithelia and less intense expression is also noted (asterisks) in the neurons delaminating to the cochleovestibular and ninth cranial ganglia (VII/VIIIcg and IXcg). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_42183.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Ultrasound image of the C6 transverse short-axis view following left SGB at the C6 level. Arrows show the subfascial spread of local anesthetics above the longus colli muscle. The fine long arrow indicates the out-of-plane needle path. CA: carotid artery, LCo: longus colli muscle, SCM: sternocleidomastoid muscle, Thy: thyroid gland, T: Chassaignac's tubercle, med: medial, lat: lateral. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4445916_pone.0127258.g003_390131.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | (A,B) Endoscopic view of mouse colon with a submucosally placed needle(black arrowhead; A) and immediately after injection (white arrowheads, B).(C) Endoscopic view of mouse colon 7 days post injection (black arrowheads). (D) H&E stain of mouse colon with 1x105 cells/mL with ink injected endoscopically into the submucosa; scale bar 100 μm. (E) Anti-α-SMA IHC of submucosally injected myofibroblasts with high power insert; scale bar 500 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3673967_pone-0065538-g003_209297.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Androgen ablation increases Klf5 expression and the number of Klf5-expressing cells in mouse prostates.A. Detection of Klf5 by IF staining with total Klf5 antibody in the dorsal prostate at different times after castration (Magnification: 100X, n = 3 for each time point). B. Higher magnification (200X) of cells stained for Klf5 and DAPI in normal prostates and prostates undergoing androgen ablation for 5 weeks. C. Double IF staining of Klf5 and basal cell marker Ck14 in prostates after 5 weeks of castration (Magnification: 400X). D. IHC staining of unAc-Klf5 in intact and androgen-depleted prostates (5 weeks). E. IHC staining of Ac-Klf5 in intact and androgen-depleted prostates (3 and 5 weeks). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3086910_pone-0019257-g002_94250.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Electron micrographs show postembedding immunogold labeling for KV10.1 in MCF-7 cells (A–C), postnatal day 7 cerebellum (D–E) and adult pyramidal cells in CA1 (F–H).Gold particles are observed in the perinuclear inner membrane and/or adjacent to the ONM. N = Nucleus, Scale bars: 0.1 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4582941_Fig4_426938.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Muscle biopsy analysis. Quadriceps muscle biopsy of the patient with a mutation in the ISPD gene, performed at 4 years of age. Diffuse variation in fiber size, basophilic regenerating fibers, increased internal nuclei, hypercontracted fibers, and moderate increase of endomysial connective tissue were shown, characterising a typical dystrophic pattern (a haematoxylin and eosin, 20×). In the same patient, α-DG IHC (b clone VIA4-1, 20×) revealed absence of signal (c control muscle, 20×) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3501950_fig21_166941.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Real (1st row) and virtual (2nd row) angiogram of patient B for different time steps, which are denoted below the images. t = 0 s corresponds to the beginning of the DSA sequence. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3107195_pgen-1002098-g002_97741.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Development of the CVP in wild-type and Spry2−/− mice.(Inset) Cartoon depicting the planes of observation. (A–N) E-cadherin (E-CAD) immunofluorescence staining of CV placodes and papillae in wild-type (A–G) and Spry2−/− (H-N) mice. (O–X) H&E stains of coronal sections of the single CV placode and papilla in wild-type and the proximal CV placode and papilla in Spry2−/− mice. The size of the papilla was quantified between E13 to E14 (D–F, K–M; ×10−3 um). Arrowheads indicate developing trenches. Scale bars, 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4590699_Fig4_429015.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Confocal microscopy images of CtL2wt and mutants at 24 h and 44 h post infection. The Chlamydia isolates (CtL2wt and mutant) are shown to the left of the panels and the time point is shown above the panels. The second and fourth images for each isolate are enlarged representations of single inclusions. The image colours are, green: LPS (FITC anti-chlamydial LPS); red: host cells (Evans blue). The scale bars (bottom right) indicate 50 μm and 25 μm for the enlarged images |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4558840_Fig7_420375.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Histological changes in the spleen caused by the chimeric viruses. JSMFHNHerts (a), HertHNJS (c), HertFJS (d), HertMJS (e) and HertFHNJS (f) induced mild to moderate lymphocyte depletion and infiltration, similar to that caused by rHerts/33 (h). HertMFHNJS (g) caused severe splenic necrosis, similar to that induced by rJS5/05 (b). Magnification, ×200 |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qq1f2z08321wur88n7.jpg | Have all polyps been removed? | No |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2845815_fig7_60623.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Caenorhabditis elegansdaf-21 RNA interference (Ce-daf-21(RNAi)) in worms expressing Haemonchus contortus heat shock protein 90 (Hc-hsp-90) gives alternative phenotypes. Wild type (WT) C. elegans worms expressing the Hc-hsp-90 complex array were grown on plates seeded with HT115 cells containing L4440 with the Ce-daf-21 insert. Hc-hsp-90 expressing worms display abnormal rectal formation (a, white arrow) and protruding vulva (a, black arrow), underdeveloped gonad (b, arrow), distended gut (c, white arrow) and inability to shed pharyngeal cuticle (c, black arrow) and protruding vulva (d, arrow). Worms were viewed on a Zeiss Axioskop 2 Plus microscope at 40× magnification and images captured using Openlab 3.1.4. Scale bars on each image represent 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2789086_F1_52523.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Representative photomicrographs of oviductal epithelial cells processed by immunoelectron microscopy with gold labeled-antibodies of 10 nm for ESR1 (a-c) or ESR2 (d-f). Ampullary and isthmic sections of cyclic (a-c) and pregnant (d-f) rats are shown in the upper and lower panels, respectively. Arrows denotes ESR1-or ESR2 reacting gold particles in the epithelial cells. Arowheads emphasize the association of estradiol receptor immunoreactivity with cilia (cl, see insert in d). Asterisks indicate unspecific background laleling. Bar: 0.5 μm. PM = plasma membrane, C = cytoplasm, N = nucleus, L = lumen, SV = secretory vesicle. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3713031_pone-0068477-g003_218283.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Active Rac1 polybasic mutant has decreased capacity to relocalize NPM1.HeLa cells were grown on glass cover slips and co-transfected with mCherry Rac1Q61L-RKR and GFP-NPM1. After 24 hours, cells were fixed and stained with the nuclear dye DAPI and the F-actin binding toxin Phalloidin fluorescently-labeled with Alexa633. Samples were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Higher magnification images of the boxed areas are included. Scale bars, 20 µm. Bar graph represents the percentage of cells (mean±SD) expressing Rac1Q61L-RKR with either NPM1 exclusively in the nucleus or NPM1 in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartment (nucleo-cytoplasmic) Fifty cells expressing Rac1Q61L-RKR in two independent experiments were analyzed. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4314967_f1-ol-09-03-1278_354788.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Computed tomography revealing a contrast enhanced mass (black arrow), which resembled a neuroendocrine tumor. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_61200.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | A 62-year-old woman with low-grade adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon, with focal mucinous features. Axial contrast-enhanced CT shows a curvilinear peritoneal calcification (arrow), which developed following treatment and increased with progressive disease (not shown). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4476261_F4_398746.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Case 2, Initial skeletal survey at 9 days of life (A) [10/09/08] demonstrates lack of visualization of the distal femoral and proximal tibial ossification centers, (B) relatively short long bones of the left upper extremity and (C) feet with metaphyseal cupping and irregular ossification of the talus and calcaneus. The degree of platyspondyly (D) is less than that of her sibling on lateral spine radiographs. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4661841_ijms-16-25982-f010_448344.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | (A–D) Representative sections of (A) hematoxylin and eosin staining and (C) Goldner’s trichrome staining four and eight weeks after implantation (40× magnification). Abundant surrounding fibrous tissue formation and woven bone formation at the defect are visible in the Aln (5 mg)/BCP scaffold. Similar findings were observed on high power field (200× magnification) (B,D). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3017954_fig2_83557.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Analysis of chitin and glucan distribution in BA-treated cells: fluorescence of calcofluor white (top) and aniline blue (bottom) stained cells. At BA concentrations of 0.4%, chitin-rich—and to a lesser extent, glucan-rich—material accumulates at the bud neck. The thickening of septa is evident particularly between cells in a chain. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2783050_F2_51739.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Ventriculogram and coronary angiogram day 9 post ST-elevation myocardial infarction. (A, B) Ventriculogram (left anterior oblique view) in diastole (A) and systole (B). (C) Tracings of ventricular wall in diastole (white) and systole (yellow); minimal contraction of posterolateral wall (arrow) indicative of akinesis. (D) Left anterior oblique view of right coronary artery with insignificant irregularities. (E) Right anterior oblique view of left coronary system; normal left anterior descending artery, irregularities of left circumflex artery shown in detail in (F). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4320870_fig2_356507.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Haematoxylin and eosin staining, original magnification ×10, showing papillary and tubular structures, with cytologically atypical epithelial lining with clear cells and focal hob-nail appearance. The figure was reproduced from [4, 7] with permission granted by Dr. Eddie Fridman. Copyright to Dr. Eddie Fridman. This permission is exclusive to this request specifically for this paper. Additional usage of any printed or electronic material for which Dr. Eddie Fridman holds would require copyright permission from Dr. Eddie Fridman. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_77072.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Thoracic CT shows AVM in Superior segment of both lower lobes (arrows) |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06305.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Magnetic resonance imaging showing multiple metastatic liver lesions. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1517.jpg | What is present? | uterus |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3599195_F7_192260.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Coronal fusion SPECT/CT images and 3-T MRI T2* images illustrating the uptake of99mTc-labeled NOTA-SPION MBs in rats. (A) 3-T MRI pre-injection. (B) SPECT/CT, 1 h post injection. (C) 3-T MRI, 2 h post injection. (D) SPECT/CT, 24 h post injection. (E) 3T MRI, 24 h post injection. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2842891_fig1_59959.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | CT sections showing contours before radiotherapy. Radiation ports encompassed (a-b) regions of the liver involved by the gallbladder tumor and (c-d) carcinoma located at the neck of the gallbladder. GTV54 and CTV40 have been shown in the slice. Abbreviation: CTV: clinical target volume with pink lines; GTV: gross tumor volume with red lines. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2233636_F3_17336.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunohistochemical aspects of β-catenin antigen stain; original magnification, 40×. (A) Pleomorphic adenoma in human salivary gland with membrane and cytoplasmic β-catenin stain; (B) Mixed tumour in canine mammary tumour with membrane and cytoplasmic β-catenin stain; (C) Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma in human salivary gland showing β-catenin nuclear stain (arrows); (D) Metaplastic carcinoma in canine mammary gland showing β-catenin nuclear stain (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4105101_F2_307476.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Investigation of cell morphology and chemical composition of the materials. SEM observation of cells incubated for 3 days on (A) MTA (×1000) and (B) TCP (×1000). Both groups showed flattened cells in close proximity to one another, and these were seen to be spreading across the substrate. EDS analysis of the samples: (C) MTA and (D) TCP. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3724604_pone-0070072-g007_220599.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of nanoparticle cellular uptake co-cultures at different ratios.Co-cultures of MCF-7 to hFIB in ratios of: 1∶1 (A–C), 1∶3 (D–F), 1∶5 (G–I) and 3∶7 (J–L) after 4 h of incubation with nanoparticles. Red channel – RITC-labelled pDNA/CH-H-R nanoparticles; Green channel – Actin-GFP staining of MCF-7; Blue Channel – Hoechst 33342® nuclear staining; Grey Channel: DIC; Merged – Superimposition of all channels. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3058035_F1_90164.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Diffuse thickened pericardium. HASTE (A), T1- (B) and T2-weighted (C) TSE images showed diffuse pericardial thickening (white arrows) which is most pronounced over the RV and RA and moderate right-sided pleural effusion (*). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_3018.jpg | What does this image show? | glioma |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4077257_Fig4_302513.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Effect of the acidification by HCl (a) and the ocean acidification conditions by elevating pCO2 (b) on the microscopic images for coccolith production and cell size of the coccolithophore E. huxleyi. The cells were grown for 12 days under each condition. Experimental conditions for acclimation (indicated in the figure) were same as shown in Fig. 1
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC3596546_jbr-24-02-124-g003_191471.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | The MRI of a high grade glioma. A: A heterogeneous and slightly long T1 signal with unclear border was detected in the T1WI sequence at the transverse plane in the left frontal lobe. B: A heterogeneous and slightly long T2 signal with unclear border was observed in the T2WI sequence at the transverse plane in the left frontal lobe. An edema band existed around the tumor. C: A T1WI enhancement scan at the transverse plane showed a wreath-like and heterogeneous enhancement. D: A T1WI enhancement scanning at the sagittal plane showed a wreath-like and heterogeneous enhancement. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3849152_F2_247924.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Ovaries of GHR-KO mice. Ovaries of 2.5-year-old GHR-KO mice fed AL (panels A, C, and E) and 2.5- year-old GHR-KO mice on CR (panels B, D, and F). In both groups, primordial (PRF), primary (PF), preantral (PAF), antral (AF) and Graafian (GF) follicles are visible. A positive reaction for apoptosis was detectable in granulosa cells (arrow) and in ovarian surface epithelium (arrowhead) in both groups. Interstitial cells (IT), macrophages (M). Magnification: panels A and B x40; panels C and D x200; panels E and F x400. Insert in panel E represents primordial follicles located under OSE. Magnification: x800. Insert in panel F represents OSE with positive apoptotic reaction. Magnification: x800. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2308.jpg | What is present? | bone marrow |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3154492_pone-0023399-g004_104964.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Characterization of membrane protrusion formation in mock-treated and CSNK1A1-depleted cells. (A) Representative images showing protrusion formation in mock-treated and CSNK1A1-depleted cells transiently transfected with membrane-targeted RFP. Top panel; bright field. Bottom panel; fluorescence (green, bacteria; red, plasma membrane). (B) Representative images of bacteria protrusions (top panel), double membrane vacuole (middle panel) and not associated with membrane marker (bottom panel). Left: merged image: green, bacteria; red, plasma membrane. Right: plasma membrane only. (C) Quantification of bacteria that crossed the cell boundary in mock-treated and CSNK1A1-depleted cells and found in protrusions, vacuoles or not associated with the membrane-RFP marker. Values represent the mean and standard deviation of 5 independent experiments. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2738911_f15-ijms-10-03044_44944.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Photograph of dl-phenylalanine film deposited on silicon wafer (100-mm in diameter) through a 5-line pattern stencil mask. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4581541_fig2_426614.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Histopathology and immunoprofile of the metastatic malignant mesothelioma to the breast. ((a) and (b)) Representative H&E captions from the metastatic malignant mesothelioma in the breast biopsy which show proliferation of neoplastic epithelioid cells forming cords and nests which infiltrate the breast parenchyma and skeletal muscles. The neoplastic cells are round to polygonal with moderate cytoplasm, moderate cytologic pleomorphism, and occasional nucleoli. The neoplastic cells are positive for WT1 (inset in (b)), calretinin (c), and CK5/6 (d). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3459789_F4_157733.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Inhibition of zonula occludens type 1 (ZO-1) expression in CBA/J/Hsd mouse bladders following 14 days of treatment withas-APF. Bladder sections from mice treated with as-APF following bladder epithelial injury show decreased ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining (shown by small junctions between cells indicated by arrows) as compared to mice treated with PBS or inactive control nonglycosylated peptide. Representative data shown for the 3 mice in each treatment group from one experiment; experiment performed three times. (500X final magnification). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3786960_f1-etm-06-03-0707_234652.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Surface morphologies of the (A and C) titanium dioxide (TiO2) and (B and D) manganese (Mn)-incorporated-TiO2 coatings at different magnifications (A and B; magnification, ×1,000; bar=5 μm; C and D; magnification, ×50,000; bar=100 nm). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0686.jpg | Are the individual cells in layers coarse and irregular? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4661833_ijms-16-25974-f008_448308.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Detection of 27.8R expression and LCDV particles in peripheral blood cells by IIFA. Peripheral blood cells were isolated from turbots at 3 h p.i. and stained with anti-27.8R MAbs and anti-LCDV MAb for detection of 27.8R and LCDV, respectively. The green fluorescence (arrow) indicated the positive signals of 27.8R (A) or LCDV (B). Cell nuclei were counterstained in blue by DAPI. Scale bar = 10 μm. (a,b) were the higher magnification view of the insert area in the merge pictures showing 27.8R and the LCDV positive area, respectively. Scale bar = 1 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04570.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Coronal CT scan of the patient (Patient 3) revealed a bilateral bifid mandibular condyle. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3350284_fig1_137592.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | CT scan shows a dense calcified nodule in the subependymal aspect on right side and a poorly enhancing area in right temporal lobe (arrow). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4241253_fig2_338624.jpg | What is shown in this image? | An elevated choroidal neoplasm. (a) Fundoscopic findings of the right eye demonstrating choroidal metastasis (arrows). (b) Optical coherence tomographic findings showing subretinal fluid in the inferior aspect of the lesion compromising the fovea. ((c) and (d)) Ultrasound and MRI T2-weighted images demonstrating an elevated choroidal mass (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3986390_pone-0094322-g007_281074.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Live-cell imaging of DJANGOS.Static images retrieved from live cell imaging of HeLaM or CV1 cells co-transfected with plasmids expressing B12-mCherry and LBR-eGFP. A. Top panels show two images of a HeLaM cell separated by 15 minutes acquired shortly before mitosis. Bottom panels shows images acquired one hour apart of the daughter cells of the cell shown in the top panels. See Movie S3. B. Left panel shows cytoplasmic billowing of B12 structures in CV1 cells; right panel shows cytoplasmic B12 “balloons on strings” in CV1 cells. See Movies S4 and S5. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/inside_oral/train_1415.jpg | What does this image show? | ulcerative lesion left true cord quite good |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv69064074ydvrycsa1.jpg | Where in the image is the anatomical landmark? | Center, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-rigth |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1523202_F3_6212.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Enlarged pericardial cavity in glo mutant. Compared to a control embryo (panel A), the pericardial cavity (pc) is much enlarged in a cadherin2 morphant (panel B) and a glo mutant embryo (panels C and D). All panels are images from live embryos showing lateral views (anterior to the left and dorsal up) of the pericardial cavity and heart. Panel D is a higher magnification of the pericardial cavity showing in panel C. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4444797_Fig5_389913.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail |
a–c: Unenhanced (a) and contrast-enhanced CT, transverse plane (b) and sagittal reformation (c). Rounded lesion (white arrow) of the right kidney in a patient after renal allograft transplantation (black arrow). The lesion shows indeterminate enhancement (an increase of 10 HU after contrast injection). The dissected specimen proved to be a papillary renal cell carcinoma. There was no sign of acquired cystic renal disease |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3305171_F2_130180.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Four chamber view of the fetal heart reconstructed using MOG. Systolic (left) and Diastolic (right) images are shown for comparison. Scan parameters were as follows: TR/TE = 3.1/1.2 ms, FA = 70°, matrix = 246x176, voxel = 1.3x1.3x5 mm3, views-per-segment = 15, GRAPPA acceleration factor =2, scan length = 5 s. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_27211.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Thymoma in a 35-year-old man with myasthenia gravis, dermatomyositis and hypogammaglobulinemia. Large mass extending into the right hemithorax, containing punctuate and coarse calcifications. Low attenuation regions suggesting necrosis and/or hemorrhage. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0997.jpg | What tend to be larger than nevi, with irregular contours and variable pigmentation? | lesions |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4322316_fig2_356814.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Clinical findings of the proband, Patient II-2. Fundus photographs (a, b) and fluorescein angiograms (c, d) show no abnormal findings. The results of the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer show a relative reduction of the central sensitivity in both eyes (e–h). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_kidney/train_0884.jpg | Do additional features include some irregular depressions, the result of pyelonephritis, and an incidental cortical cyst far right? | yes |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4021046_F3_288528.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Postoperative radiographs (A, lateral view; B, axial view) and CT images (C, the sagittal image; D, the coronal image) of the same patient show that the gross anatomy of the calcaneus was restored and that the subtalar joint was significantly reduced. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4364120_fig1_368792.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | MRI axial T1-weighted images of the liver lesion before and after intravenous contrast medium administration. (a) Preintravenous contrast medium administration; focal lesion in segment VII of the liver and (b) arterial phase; early enhancement following contrast administration, and (c, d) venous and equilibrium phase, respectively, early washout. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3019188_F3_84022.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | CD14 expression in liver tissues of patients with BA. Comparison of CD14 expression in paraffin-embedded liver tissue sections among the control group (biopsy from neonatal hepatitis and hepatoblastoma) (A), patients with CC (B), patients with early-stage BA (C), and patients with late-stage BA (D). Liver sections were stained with a monoclonal antibody against CD14 (dark brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin.. Kupffer cells (arrow) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (arrowhead) showed positive immunostain for CD14. Original magnification: × 200 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4440523_f1_388704.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Topographic AFM images of parylene-C films obtained with scan sizes of 2×2 μm2 at various durations of O2-plasma exposure: (a) t = 0 s, (b) 60 s, (c) 360 s, and (d) 1,200 s. Perspective images cropped by dimensions of 250 × 250 nm2 are displayed in each corner. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2803850_F3_54189.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Orthopantomography (A) and occlusal (B) and periapical (C) radiographs reveal diffuse bone destruction on the left side of the mandible, presenting dense radiopaque, mixed and completely radiolucent areas. The periosteum showed the classical "sunray" reaction on occlusal (B) and periapical radiographs (C). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3653923_pone-0063101-g004_204377.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Ovarian histology.Hematoxylin-eosin-saffron staining ovary sections of rabbits fed a control diet (left panel) or HH diet (right panel) at low (A,B) or high (C,D) magnification. Compared to the control sample (A), numerous atretic follicle remnants (open arrowheads) are scattered in the ovary parenchyma of the high fat diet-fed animal (B). With higher magnification, primary (I), secondary (II) and tertiary follicles (III) are observed in the control samples (C) whereas numerous fields in high fat diet-fed animal samples are devoid of maturing follicles and are only composed of atretic follicle remnants at different stage of involution (D). Scale bars = 500 µm (A, B) and 100 µm (C, D). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic31251.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | round atelectasis |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_30508.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Computed tomography chest scan of the patient's father showing bibasal thickening of the pulmonary interstitium, reticulation with linear calcifications, and subpleural blebs. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4312609_fig2_354261.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | MRI of the left arm showed multiple ulcerations extending from skin into subcutaneous fat with appearance concern for necrotizing fasciitis and osteomyelitis. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_52264.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | CT head without IV contrast with an arrow that indicates cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4512161_Fig3_408651.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | By magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (NBI), the surface pattern was seen to be slightly irregular, but microvessels had a regular diameter and distribution in the margin of the lesion (a). However, in the central part of the lesion, irregularity in surface pattern and form as well as in the diameter and distribution of microvessels was seen; however, due to mucus, avascular areas were also seen (b) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2628439_fig05_32857.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | A series of confocal microscope images, obtained from complete galleries showing similar patterns, depicting typical Ca2+ waves in a single ventricular RyR2s/s myocyte loaded with Fluo-3 in the presence of Krebs-Henseleit buffer with 1.25 mm Ca2+ following perfusion with 100 nm isoproterenol. The arrows highlight the path taken by a typical Ca2+ wave. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic22194.jpg | what organ system is displayed in this ct scan? | genitourinary |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_36576.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Right inferior phrenic artery angiogram confirmed the right inferior phrenic artery-to-right pulmonary artery fistula (arrow) in an intrapulmonary portion. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3151598_F1_104605.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Multiple, non-specific, T2 hyperintense lesions in a 63- year old patient with suspected primary angiitis of the CNS who presented with headache and cognitive impairment. B) Granulomatous pattern of primary angiitis of the central nervous system. Transmural inflammation involves a muscular artery of the leptomeninges with prominent mononuclear (upper) and granulomatous (lower) adventitial inflammation as well as intimal injury with focal fibrin thrombus formation (hematoxylin and eosin 20×). Courtesy of Dr Carlo Salvarani. C) Inflammatory involvement of a small vessel. Courtesy of Dr Leonard H Calabrese. D) Multiple areas of irregular stenosis and ectasia in a 44year-old patient with biopsyproven PACNS. Courtesy of Dr Leonard H Calabrese. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1742.jpg | Does % show kidney aspergillosis? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2732528_F1_44365.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Histopathologic changes in kidney tissue from a patient with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Primorye region. Changes include interstitial edema with mild infiltration of mononuclear cells (small arrow) and degeneration of renal tubules (large arrow) in cortex. Proteinaceous casts and exudate (arrowhead) are seen in lumina of renal tubules (A). No apparent glomerular changes. Most prominent change in the medulla is well–defined necrotic lesion (asterisk) (B). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3987646_F1_281274.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Case 1 at the initial visit. a) Fundus photograph. Abnormal aneurysms and telangiectatic vessels in the temporal peripheral retina. Hard exudates and exudative changes in the posterior pole. b) FA. Three minutes after intravenous injection of fluorescein. c) FA. Twelve minutes after intravenous injection of fluorescein. Leakage of dye from abnormal vessels were observed, which increased in the late phase. d) Optical coherence tomography. Symbols indicate subfoveal serous retinal detachment site. Foveal macular thickness is 430 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03571.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | A small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (diameter 5 mm) (white arrow) was detected in the paracaval caudate lobe of a 63-year-old female patient during a regular follow-up magnetic resonance imaging examination in 2012 |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34141.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | umbilical venous catheter |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3936939_F1_270033.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Clinical photographs taken at the patient’s laparoscopy. The hypoplastic uterus and adnexae, including bilateral streak ovaries are shown. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3460753_F3_157924.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | SEM images of SrCO3products synthesized in pure methanol at (A) 70°C, (B) 60°C, (C) 50°C. Insets are the magnification. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4303852_nutrients-07-00517-f002_352442.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Effect of food restriction and re-feeding on the height of the EGP. Twenty-four-day-old male SD rats were allowed to eat ad libitum (AL), subjected to 40% food restriction for 11 days (RES) or subjected to 10 days of food restriction followed by one day of re-feeding ad libitum (CU). The arrows indicate the height of the EGP. Magnification, 40×. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3141608_F1_103026.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | DCE-CT image (a), Blood flow (b), Blood volume (c) and FDG-PET image (d) of a mdx mouse at 8 weeks of age. Axial slices using DCE-CT of the lower limbs of a dystrophic mouse (a,b,c); coronal slice generated using PET, displaying the mdx mouse from the abdomen to the feet (d). Red circles indicate one region of interest (ROI) encompassing the posterior compartment of the hind limb (HL) musculature from which data was collected. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3259059_F8_122119.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Analysis of p23 and GFAP expression in p23 mice. Double immunofluorescence analysis was performed on sagittal brain sections stained with antibodies against p23 (red) and GFAP (green) using confocal microscopy. GFAP staining in hippocampal CA1 region and cerebellum appears indistinguishable between Hup23 and Ntg mice. However, marked gliosis is apparent in brainstem. Overexpression of p23 is observed in all three areas. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4309880_fig03_353746.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Statistical maps of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis from the sequential tapping task: Patients exhibited reduced blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the right anterior putamen (peak increase right: x,y,z = 22, 0, 6; ρSVC/FWE = 0.02) and left anterior globus pallidus (peak increase left: x,y,z = −12, 6, 4; ρSVC/FWE = 0.01) compared to controls. The figure shows the results of the whole-brain analysis without any masking. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2173904_F7_15773.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Electron microscopy of untreated or MnTBAP-treated HIV-1 infected macrophages. Untreated macrophages show accumulation of many mature particles, at different stages of maturation, in cytoplasmatic vacuoles and in the extracellular space. By contrast in MnTBAP (30 μM) treated macrophages no viral particles are found. This observation support the hypothesis that MnTBAP treatment is able to prevent enveloped and unenveloped virions production. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4671481_awv233-F6_451037.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Grey matter volume changes in subjects with and without right temporal seizure onset. In comparison to healthy controls, subjects with right temporal seizure onset (Fig. 6A), as well as those without (Fig. 6B) showed an increase of grey matter volume in the right hippocampus (P < 0.005, 30 voxels threshold extent). T-values are represented in the coloured bars. L = left; R = right. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3935958_pone-0089970-g008_269788.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | HTRA is located proximately to Aβ-laden vessels in the thalamus of 9 mos Tg-SwDI mice.Tissue sections representative of independent 3 and 9 month-old WT (A&B) and 3 and 9 month-old Tg-SwDI (C&D) animals were triple-labelled with HTRA1 (red), 6E10 (green) and β-dystroglycan (magenta) and analysed with a laser scanning confocal microscope (400×). Immunohistochemical analysis of the four different cohorts show HTRA1 closely associated with Aβ-laden vessels [white arrow, (D)] within the thalamus of 9 month-old Tg-SwDI mice (E–J) and appeared extracellular. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_35153.jpg | What is shown in this image? | T1-weighted (dual-echo in-phase) sequence showing the lesion to be hypointense (arrow). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_68096.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Patient 2. PET-CT cross-sectional view, with reaction in bone, joint, and nearby tissue. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_15267.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Fourth ventricular intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid pulsation artifact in a 40-year-old woman who presented with headache. The artifact almost completely fills the fourth ventricle on this 0.3T fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery image |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4363859_f1_368713.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Segmented surfaces and regions on macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography.(A.B.): control subjects; (C.D.): central retinal artery occlusion patients with correctly segmented retinal layers; (E.F.): central retinal artery occlusion patients with substantially increased brightness of the inner retina and related insufficient separation of inner retinal layers on OCT, causing layer segmentation errors – an example is shown. (A.C.E): original OCT images; (B.D.F): segmentation results. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3310814_F5_131232.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Immunohistochemical identification and quantification of TGF-βI and IL-6 of: Normal rat prostate TGF-βI score 0 (A), Normal rat prostate IL-6 score 0 (B) APH control rat prostate TGF-βI score 3 (C) and APH control rat prostate IL-6 score 1 (D). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2330034_F1_20769.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Immunofluorescence analysis of the localization of Stx receptor Gb3/CD77 in the rabbit CNS. Intense fluorescence was detected on the blood vessels of the spinal cord gray matter (A), whereas fluorescent signals were much weaker on those of the spinal cord white matter except anterior spinal artery (arrow) (B) and hippocampus (C). Confocal images of double staining with rhodamine conjugated RCA 120 showed the different fluorescence signal patterns from Gb3/CD77 and revealed the colocalization of both in the small vessels and capillaries; Gb3/CD77 (D), RCA 120 (E), and merged (F). (Original magnification: (A)-(C) 200×; (A)-(E) 630×) |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1502.jpg | Where is this from? | female reproductive system |
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