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splits/subfolder_3/PMC3032713_F4_86030.jpg
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BiFC visualization of P6274-703 interaction in agrobacterium-infiltrated N. benthamiana leaves. Co-expression of P6274-703-YN and P6274-703-YC induced strong recovered YFP signals in the cytoplasm, and no YFP signals were detected for the negative controls following the co-expression of P6274-703-YN/YC or P6274-703-YC/YN. YFP was excited at 488 nm and emission was measured at 550-590 nm. The fluorescent and bright field images are depicted in the upper and lower panels, respectively. Bars, 20 μm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3683438_fig4_211746.jpg
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(a) Pre-op sagittal T1 with contrast MRI showing L2-L3 paraganglioma. (b) Pre-op sagittal T2 MRI showing L2-L3 paraganglioma. (c) Pre-op axial T1 with contrast MRI showing L2-L3 paraganglioma. (d) Pre-op axial T2 MRI showing L2-L3 paraganglioma.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3623803_ppat-1003287-g004_198134.jpg
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Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) fungal inoculated tomato leaves.Representative TEM images from four independent experiments. (A, G); Healthy non-inoculated leaf tissue. (B–F) Tomato leaves inoculated with the OA deficient A2 strain. (H,I) Tomato leaves inoculated with wild type S. sclerotiorum. Arrows, autolysosomal/autophagosomal-like structures; C, chloroplast; V, vacuole; N, nucleus; Circle, active dismantlement of chloroplast; Rectangle, chromatin condensation within the nucleus. Black scale bars = 2 µm, white scale bars = 1 µm. Sections were examined with a Phillips Morgagni 268 transmission electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. Digital images were recorded with a MegaViewIII digital camera operated with iTEM software.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3676292_pbio-1001577-g005_209775.jpg
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Phase transition of wild-type, but not the F→S mutant of MBP.(A) In basic solution MBP (5 mg/mL) forms droplets as visualized by phase contrast microscopy. (B) Droplets contain Atto-488-labeled MBP (5 mg/mL) as visualized by wide field (right panel) microscopy. (C) Time-lapse images of two merging droplets. Scale bar, 5 µm.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic35673.jpg
what organ system is shown in the image?
breast
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3934675_fig1_269409.jpg
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Abdominal and pelvic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in a patient with a large colonic tumor (white arrow), which compromises duodenum and pancreatic head (blue arrow) and the right liver (grey arrow).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05776.jpg
What is shown in this image?
Follow-up axial CT on the third day shows healed margins of the posterior tracheal wall (white arrow)
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3639085_F4_201771.jpg
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Microscopic observation of adherence/invasion of M. genitalium strains to HeLa cells: FITC labeled M. genitalium strains were used to infect HeLa cells with MOI of 1:25 for 1 h as described in material and methods and observed with confocal microscopy. G37, TIM207 and TIM262 indicate infection of cells with M. genitalium wild type G37 strain, MG_207 mutant strain and control strain TIM262, respectively. PBS indicates uninfected control.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4301561_f5-ol-09-02-0641_351869.jpg
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Midline sagittal T1-weighted image with fat-suppression following administration of contrast agents, captured on January 24, 2011. Image shows heterogeneous thickening of the galea aponeurotica, identified by the star and of the skin on the top of the brain with significant enhancement, as well as the dura mater of the parietal and occipital lobe. Defects are evident in the skin and are indicated by the white arrows. The diploë on the parietal and occipital bone is also shown to be heterogeneously enhanced.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic56714.jpg
what is the primary abnormality in this image?
avm, arterio-venous malformation, vascular malformation
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4036833_F4_292540.jpg
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Patient 3 imaging. MRI showing (a) initial right frontal glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and (b) recurrent left parietal GBM which had a giant cell component. (c) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain showing giant cells and (d) glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostain (scale bar = 0.1 mm).
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qb1em70832fvve5w18.jpg
Is this finding easy to detect?
Yes
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3431055_fig2_152343.jpg
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CT SCAN of tracheal diameter.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4039503_pone-0098303-g002_293140.jpg
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65-year-old male with HCC.(a) CT, (b) T1WI, (c) T2WI,(d) T2*, (e) SWI, and (f) surgical specimen. Pseudocapsule and foci of microhemorrhage are not visible on CT, T1WI, or T2WI (a–c), but the pseudocapsule (white arrow) and microbleeds (black arrow) are visible on both T2*WI (d) and SWI (e) as well as the surgical specimen (f). Here, SWI demonstrates the mosaic pattern of tumor heterogeneity (e).
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1787.jpg
What is present?
endocrine
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2934722_F0002_72859.jpg
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Fundus findings 14 days after the first visit. Note the subretinal hemorrhage on optical coherence tomography (OCT), a prominent dome-shaped lesion above the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) level likely corresponding to choroidal neovascularization (CNV) with sub- and intraretinal fluid was noted. Flourescein angiography showed the masking effect of the subretinal hemorrhage and the juxtafoveal hyperfluorescent dot representing the CNV and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) showed a late-phase hyperfluorescent area, corresponding to the CNV.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC1064097_F1_1508.jpg
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A 3-cm infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast. Scintimammography, right lateral projection: 99mTc-(V)DMSA at 10 min and 60 min (upper row, i-ii); 99mTc-Sestamibi (99mTc-MIBI) at 13 min and 55 min (bottom row, iii-iv). Focal radiotracer accumulation (arrowhead) in the upper breast hemisphere, corresponding to the invasive tumor, visible in early and late images with both radiotracers. There is no diffuse uptake pattern in the breast; the studies are considered negative for in situ carcinoma.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4302142_Fig1_352028.jpg
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Medication history and findings of diffusion-weighted MRI and angiography of five recurrent strokes. (A: first stroke; B: second stroke; C: third stroke; D: fourth stroke; E: fifth stroke). Recurrent thromboemboli were observed in the distal basilar artery (arrows). Finally, the left vertebral artery was permanently occluded with detachable coils after the fifth stroke.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4527279_DMM018176F3_412578.jpg
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Characterization of RGCs in WT and Bst+/− retinas. Sections of WT and Bst+/− mice retinas were stained with anti-melanopsin and anti-Brn3a antibodies, and images were taken by using the same confocal microscopy parameters for primary antibody. (A) Melanopsin+ RGCs (arrow) in retinas harvested from Bst+/− and WT mice. (B) There were fewer Brn3a+ RGCs in Bst+/− retinas than in WT retinas. (C) Superimposed melanopsin (green) immunolabeling with DAPI nuclear counterstain (blue).
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2466.jpg
Where is this?
oral
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4342514_Fig2_362901.jpg
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology. Representative pictures of corresponding: a T2-weighted myocardial edema, b hyperenhanced area of infarct with dark zone of microvascular obstruction (MVO), c two perfusion slices of first pass with contrast medium in the right ventricle (i), in both ventricles and myocardium (ii) and in the left ventricle (iii), d no-reflow region as a lack of thioflavin S staining, e the infarct region determined by triphenyltetrazolium staining. *MVO region, **gadolinium-enhanced infarct area without MVO, ***border zone, ****remote myocardium
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2059.jpg
Does mucoepidermoid carcinoma show spleen, normal spleen?
no
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3852698_F1_249258.jpg
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Online placement of the 1H-MRS volume of interest. Note. The volume is parallel to the AC-PC line. Its posterior border is aligned 3 mm posterior to the point of posterior commissure using the sagittal view. Its inferior border is placed axially on the first slice where the corpus callosum meets from the two hemispheres. In the right/left direction, it is centered on the white matter fibre tract using the inferior axial slice.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3218898_F1_116173.jpg
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Coronal short time inversion recovery scan shows edema in trapezium and the first metacarpal bone. Repetition time/2,500 ms, echo time/60 ms, inversion time/160 ms.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4652920_FIG1_445903.jpg
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MRI head: axial, coronal, and sagittal FLAIR sequences, demonstrating periventricular hyperintensities at the medial thalami bilaterally, consistent with Wernicke’s encephalopathy.Orange arrows identifing areas of abnormality.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3704685_F2_216450.jpg
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CT scans showing portal vein embolization and left and middle hepatic vein embolization a) CT scan showing metastatic lesion (arrow), b) CT scan after portal vein embolization, c) CT scan after left and middle hepatic vein embolization.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2983.jpg
What is present ?
Cardiovascular
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1793994_F7_9254.jpg
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Colocalization of EHD proteins with the endocytic recycling marker Rab11. HeLa cells were co-transfected with Rab11-GFP (green) and EHD-DsRed (red) proteins for 24 h, fixed, mounted and scanned by a confocal microscope equipped with a 100× objective lens. Colocalization is indicated when similar shaped structures appear yellow in the Merge (arrowheads). Bar, 10 μm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2732903_pone-0006919-g005_44406.jpg
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Telomestatin induces a delocalization of Topo III from PML and TRF2.Representative images are of untreated MRC5-V1/YFP-Topo III cells or cells treated for 48 h with 2 µM telomestatin. A, Topo III detected by fluorescence of YFP-tagged Topo III (green) and PML detected by immunofluorescence (red). Dapi staining of DNA is shown in blue. B, Topo III detected by fluorescence of YFP-tagged Topo III (green) and TRF2 detected by immunofluorescence (red). Dapi staining of DNA is shown in blue. The extent of co-localization of Topo III and PML and of Topo III and TRF2 is decreased by telomestatin treatment relative to that in untreated cells.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4273476_fig3_345922.jpg
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((a) and (b)) Preoperative coronal MRI images showing the tumor's frontal sinus location and (b) demonstrating tumor's strong contrast enhancement.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4514449_Fig1_409150.jpg
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Effect of melatonin pre-treatment on the histological architecture of testes in mice exposed to whole-body 60Co γ-irradiation. Animals were sacrificed through cervical dislocation and testes were collected on 1st, 3rd, 7th, 15th and 30th days post-irradiation. After fixation and processing, cross sections of testes (5 μm) were stained with H & E and histological architecture of testes was analyzed. Representative photographs (1st to 30th Days) for testes histology are shown (original magnification 100X)
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/illus_drawing/train_0538.jpg
Does the open wound spur into lobules?
no
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic59430.jpg
is this a t1 weighted image?
no
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4160213_pone-0106928-g006_319446.jpg
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Qualitative comparison of primary cell wall ultrastructure in electron tomograms of high pressure frozen, freeze-substituted wild type hypocotyl parenchyma cells of wild type Arabidopsis (A, C) and cob-6 mutant (B, D).A–B. Slices of electron tomogram showing overview of cell wall ultrastructure in 2D. Bars = 250 nm. C–D. Small volumes of segmented cell wall tomograms showing organization of cell wall components from top view (XY plane). Bars = 50 nm. ML = Middle lamella, P = Primary cell wall.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4371639_fig03_370965.jpg
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Deletion of Rsr1 alters tip morphology, stable Spk positioning and hyphal contour following. A. Tip morphology and Spk position (Mlc1-YFP) responses in hyphae of the wild-type and rsr1Δ null mutant grown in live cell imaging chambers.B. Plots of Mlc1-YFP show time lapse tracking of the Spk in wild-type and rsr1Δ mutant cells during hyphal growth along contours.C, D. Contour following in wild-type and rsr1Δ mutant hyphae, grown and imaged as above. Bars = 2 μm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4043575_f5-etm-07-06-1465_293847.jpg
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Comparison of (A) nephrin and (B) podocin proteins in podocytes of DN rats via immunofluorescence staining in the (a) normal control, (b) DN model, (c) CS treatment, (d) TWP treatment and (e) CS and TWP combination treatment groups (magnification, ×400). DN, diabetic nephropathy; TWP, Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosidium; CS, Cordyceps sinensis.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyhdo3k086ugrcw2koo.jpg
How many instrumnets are in the image?
1
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3887065_pone-0085545-g004_257826.jpg
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FOXL2, GATA4, and SMAD3 proteins are expressed in normal follicles and GCTs.Proliferating granulosa cells of primary (A–C) and antral (D–F) follicles express high levels of the transcription factors FOXL2, GATA4 and SMAD3. For GCTs, High- (G–I) and intermediate-level (J–L) expressing examples are shown. FOXL2 and GATA4 expression localized into the nucleus, while low levels of SMAD3 expression was also detected in the cytoplasm. Higher magnifications are shown in insets. Scale bar  = 100 µm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3360594_pone-0037798-g002_139488.jpg
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Dynorphin A (DYN-A) is present in perivascular nerves of rat and human intraparenchymal arteries.Oblique sections of rat (A and B) as well as longitudinal sections of rat (C and D) and human (E and F) cerebral arteries are shown. Merged images of DYN-A (1–13) immunoreactivity (green fluorescence) and transmitted-light (grayscale) indicate the perivascular localization of DYN-A. Broken line shows the surface of the brain on panels A and B, asterisks indicate red blood cell clots in the lumen of the artery on panel F. Bar = 50 µm on each panel.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4016661_F6_287552.jpg
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Post-operative limited CBCT scan.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4267585_Fig1_345090.jpg
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Details of injuries. (a) Chest X-ray showing massive right hemothorax. (b) CT reconstruction showing traumatic aortic dissection. (c) CT reconstruction showing fracture of the eighth and ninth thoracic vertebrae. (d) X-ray showing fracture of the right tibia.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3990223_F1_282014.jpg
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Case that developed arthritic changes (non-dysplastic, positive crossover sign). Left: radiograph before the follow-up (age 34 years old, female); the patient underwent Chiari osteotomy on the contralateral side for developmental dysplasia. Middle: radiograph from 16 years after the beginning of the follow-up (age 50 years old); the joint space was slightly narrower, and a bone cyst was noted on the acetabular side. Right: radiograph after the end of the follow-up (age 51 years old); the patient complained of severe pain in the hip. Therefore, she underwent femoral subtrochanteric varus osteotomy and allogenic bone grafting into the bone cyst to prevent collapse.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_bone/train_2833.jpg
What does this image show?
sectioned vertebral bodies with obvious tumor
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv8908g074y6744eg66.jpg
Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image?
Z-line
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_57586.jpg
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X-ray of the cervical spine showing Hangman’s fracture with significant translation and angulation.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2274.jpg
Is Pinworm present?
yes
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4456149_pone.0128096.g006_393588.jpg
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A. Sudan III staining to visualize lipid accumulation of HMGEC after 1 day or 7 days stimulation with addition of 10% FCS (C, D), high glucose (E, F), lipid cocktail (G, H), 100μM EPA (I, J) in10% serum-containing medium (A, B) or sebomed medium (K, L).Fig 6M shows quantification of Sudan III stained areas normalized to the cell count per image. In general, lipid accumulations were more prominent after 1 day compared to 7 days cultivation in serum-containing medium. Highest levels of lipids were visible after 1 day treatment with 100μM EPA (I). Red stain indicates lipid droplets.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic28492.jpg
what is the primary abnormality in this image?
anoxic brain injury, anoxia
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06855.jpg
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Section of computed tomography (CT) showing a sizeable cystic formation with distinct boundaries.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3464676_F2_158826.jpg
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Displaced transverse sternal fracture in coronal CT scan (A) and operative site (B) after exposure for the sternal fracture fixation procedure. The arrows point out the impressive fracture diastasis of about 3 cm, with the retrosternal pericardium exposed in panel B.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_32861.jpg
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Postembolisation with NBCA
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic24141.jpg
what is the organ principally shown in this angiogram?
vascular and lymphatic
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4511764_pone.0132483.g003_408495.jpg
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MR image series of one corpse head at 3T with magnet in situ.3a: T1w MPR sagittal; 3b: T1w axial; 3c: T2w axial; 3d: T2w coronal; 3e: CISS. The MR images show the maximum in diameter of the artefact in each sequence.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4328833_F1_358413.jpg
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T2 scans from one subject acquired using the T2P4TE sequence under breath-hold (BH), free breathing (FB), and free breathing with respiratory navigator gating (FB+NAV). Data are shown without (uncorrected) and with (motion corrected) in-plane motion correction. The endocardial contour of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium, drawn on the reference image (1st image) of each scan, is reported in all subsequent T2-weighted images to facilitate visual motion assessment. Misalignments observed among uncorrected images (white arrows) were substantially reduced after in-plane motion correction using ARCTIC. Furthermore, artifacts in uncorrected T2 maps (white arrows) were reduced in motion corrected T2 maps.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2641017_pone-0004518-g007_34377.jpg
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Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs showed an abrogated in vivo pluripotency. In vivo pluripotential competence of Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs was evaluated by teratoma formation analysis. Cdk2ap1+/+ or Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs were transplanted into the testis of SCID mice in duplicate as described by Conway et al. (29). After 4 weeks, tumors were extracted and subjected to fixation and sectioning. The slides were stained with H&E and examined under bright field microscope. A. Gross examination of teratoma sections from Cdk2ap1+/+ and Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs (×4 magnification). B. Specified three lineages committed from Cdk2ap1+/+ mESCs. C. A restricted commitment of Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs to a certain mesoderm lineage.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4237359_pone-0113005-g001_337670.jpg
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A single injection of serum from gddY mice induced glomerular IgA deposition with activation of glomerular podocytes and endothelial cells.(a) Glomerular IgA deposits were found at 2 h in mice injected with serum from gddY mice but not from Balb/c mice. These fluorescent signals disappeared after 24 h in this single-injection model. (b) These deposits and clearance were confirmed using electron microscopy. Electron-dense deposits were mainly detected in paramesangial lesions. (c) Some glomeruli showed subendothelial and subepithelial deposits (*) with arcade formation in glomerular endothelial cells (**) and effacement and actin aggregation in podocytes (***) 2 h after the injection.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06968.jpg
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Mammographie de face: volumineuse masse de contours réguliers de densité moyenne
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4397191_fig1_378133.jpg
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Imaging in a 24-year-old woman with a history of progressive shortness of breath on exertion, deep vein thrombosis, and recent hemoptysis. (A) Transthoracic echocardiographic 4-chamber view with severe right ventricular dilatation. (B) Technetium-99m–labeled aerosol ventilation and (C) perfusion images show nonmatched perfusion defects of right lower lobe and almost the entire left lung.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4557745_Fig1_420044.jpg
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Radiological images of the pulmonary nodule. Chest X-ray showing a lesion in the right lung field (a). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the chest revealing a rounded, high-density lesion with irregular profiles with a diameter of 24mm in the middle lobe (b). Fine-needle aspiration (c)
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4214791_pone-0111636-g007_331767.jpg
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Analysis of conidial anastomosis tube (CAT) formation and hyphal fusion in Δste12 and Δtmk1 mutants.Microscopic analyses of germlings of Δste12 and Δtmk1 mutants, the parental strain and the complemented strains ste12-C1 and ste12-C2 16 hours after inoculation of conidia in potato dextrose broth. CATs and fusion bridges between germ tubes of the parental strain are marked with arrows. The scale bar represents 10 µm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4315081_f6-ol-09-03-1081_354955.jpg
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Immunostaining revealing the expression status of p16, p27, C-erbB2 and p53 in primary and metastatic tumors of non-small cell lung cancer. Positive expression revealed by brown-yellow nuclear staining (magnification, ×175).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3994877_F3_282815.jpg
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Image of virtual bronchoscopy: complete obstruction of the left main bronchus on the left side could be seen.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00519.jpg
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Magnetic resonance imaging scan 6 weeks after the first operation showing the intraspinal mass lesion.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/outside_penis/train_2530.jpg
What is present?
penis
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4082937_fig1_303688.jpg
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(a) PET-CT image of the patient showing pulmonary and lumbar vertebral involvement (arrows). (b) Poor orodental hygiene of the patient of heavy smoking hand-rolled tobacco. (c) T1 weighed sagittal MRI of the spine showing edema and postcontrast involvement in L4-5 vertebral bodies and postcontrast uptake L4-5 intervertebral disc (arrow) and adjacent iliopsoas muscle (not shown in this image). (d) T2 weighed sagittal MRI reveals epidural fluid with an 8 mm width at most between T12 and S1 vertebrae, in an unconnected extension with peripheral contrast involvement. There are a marked spinal cord and neural foraminal compression (arrows). Actinomyces israelii was isolated from the culture of the abscess and disc material.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2740185_fig-001_45482.jpg
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The sewing needle in ultrasound examination and computerized tomographic scan. A: Ultrasound showed a 3.5 cm long needle-like metal object in left lobar of the liver, the arrow points to the needle; B: Partial magnification of the needle in panel A; C: Computerized tomographic scan validated the metal object as a SN, the arrow points to the pore in the needle; D: Reconstructed computerized tomogram of the needle in liver.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1420325_F3_4952.jpg
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The rich vascularity of the tumor was demonstrated on angiography. Lateral and anteroposterior view.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4063574_f2-ol-08-01-0123_299601.jpg
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Case 2: (A) EUS scanning results revealing a 27.8×16.4-mm, hypoechoic, ovoid, well-delimited lesion originating from the muscle layer of the distal esophagus. (B) Clusters of spindle cells intermingled with red blood cells are indicative of leiomyoma (hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, ×160). (C) These elements were reactive for SMA (immunoperoxidase and Mayer’s hemalum counterstain; magnification, ×120), (D) while no immunoreactivity was found with CD117 (immunoperoxidase and Mayer’s hemalum counterstain; magnification, ×160). EUS, endoscopic ultrasound; SMA, smooth muscle actin.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4579921_f1-ol-0-0-3524_426204.jpg
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Representative images of the immunohistochemical visualization of (A) hypoxia inducible factor-1α, (B) carbonic anhydrase-IX, (C) glucose transporter-1 and (D) vascular endothelial growth factor in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Fixed cells were stained with specific antibodies and horseradish-peroxidase secondary antibodies, and then counterstained with hematoxylin (magnification, ×200).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3287129_F1_127499.jpg
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Pre-operative view (frontal view, worm eye view, left and right lateral facial view).
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1867.jpg
Does pulmonary osteoarthropathy show excellent example close-up photo of corpus luteum?
no
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4197421_f3_328002.jpg
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(A) Liver biopsy, carcinoma (H&E staining ×200); (B) Carcinoma. (H&E staining ×400); (C) CK7 positive (IHC staining ×200); (D) CK19 positive (IHC staining ×200); (E) TTF1 positive (IHC staining ×200); (F) GCDFP-15 negative (IHC staining ×100); (G) ER negative (IHC staining ×100); (H) PR negative (IHC staining ×100); (I) CK20 negative (IHC staining ×100).
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3214152_F3_115377.jpg
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18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT) demonstrating hypometabolism at the spinal level correlating with the stable neurological examination.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3083687_f2-ijms-12-01030_93585.jpg
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Sagittal T1 Fat Sat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast image of a rat at 14 weeks after injection of a cancerous agent. There was marked enhancement of the upper set of mammary glands: 5.2 mm in length in this rat (between small arrows) but no enhancement of the lower set of mammary glands.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_70915.jpg
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CT scan axial view
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qu1fa308321htyc330.jpg
What is the size of the polyp?
11-20mm
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_53796.jpg
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75-year-old woman with primary breast lymphoma. Color Doppler image of the same axillary lymph node demonstrates increased vascularity with increased cortical flow.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3510233_pone-0050114-g007_169558.jpg
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The immunofluorescence stains of keratocan, lumican and vimentin for keratocytes in four groups at day 8 of culture.Keratocytes at day 8 of SMG culture on the carriers richly interconnected to form 3D cell clumps and were positively immunostained for keratocan and lumican (A, E). Keratocytes on the carriers in static culture were positively immunostained for keratocan and lumican (B, F). Few cells in plastic with or without VPA and VC were positively immunostained for lumican (G, H). Keratocytes from four groups were positively immunostained for vimentin, which revealed that the cytoplasms were stained red, the nuclei were stained blue (I–L). All photographs were taken at ×200 magnification.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4295483_Fig6_350679.jpg
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Histologic examination of wedge liver biopsy. (A) Low power (2×) view of metastatic liver lesion showing area of necrosis and hemosiderin with a small focus of viable tumor remaining at the periphery of the specimen. (B) Low power (4×) view showing area of necrosis and hemosiderin with no viable tumor remaining.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2990117_F0001_79449.jpg
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An image fusion in which positive uptake of activity in SPECT image (right) corresponds to NET lesions in the liver at CT image (left). There are also corresponding physiological uptakes in gall bladder and left kidney (left posterolateral aspect). Right kidney has no uptake in the SPECT study
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2883998_pone-0011025-g006_65960.jpg
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CDC27 but not USP22 or PI4KCA is required for bacterial escape into the cytosol.Representative confocal microscopy images of the WT F. tularensis within untreated or RNAi-treated cells to determine phagosomal escape. Phagosomal escape was determined by the ability of GFP-expressing intracellular bacteria to bind anti-F. tularensis antibody (red) loaded into the host cell cytosol after preferential permeabilization of the plasma membrane, compared to the bacteria found within intact vacuoles (green) that are impermeable to the antibody. The % of cytosolic bacteria are shown, based on examination of at least 100 bacteria at 2 h after infection. The results are representative of three independent experiments performed in triplicate.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4396852_pone.0121077.g005_378015.jpg
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Liraglutide reduced AAA formation in Ang II-infused apoE-/- mice.(A) Histogram representing the percent incidence of AAAs treated with or without liraglutide in Ang II-induced apoE-/- mice. Liraglutide decreased the incidence of Ang II-induced AAA (n = 3–6 per group). (B) Representative aortic sections of the suprarenal aorta stained with H&E, VvG, F4/80, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Liragultide not only preserved elastic elements but also decreased macrophages infiltration and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression (n = 3 per group). The magnification of immunostaining images is 200x.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3199241_F2_112804.jpg
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CT scan: bilocular cystic mass, 15 × 9.5 cm at its maximum diameter, in the inferior and middle lobes of the right lung, close to the right atrium and vena cava.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4593690_RSOS150340F1_429752.jpg
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Radiograph of the right side of the skull of Darwinius masillae showing the deciduous (indicated with a ‘d’) and permanent teeth. Adapted from Franzen et al. [17], fig. 5.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic46417.jpg
in what plane is this image oriented?
axial
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_prostate/train_2512.jpg
Does this image show excellent very large gland hypertrophied bladder?
yes
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4182457_pone-0108328-g006_324361.jpg
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Image quality.Slab of 12 mm thickness of the scaled, stereotactically normalized I-123-ioflupane SPECT averaged over all patients with normal DAT availability (top). Slab displaying the coefficient of variation (%) of the DVR over all patients with normal DAT availability (bottom).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4410505_fig1_380950.jpg
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Radiographic findings in AS patients with advanced hip joint disease. (a) Case 3; (b) case 5; (c) case 6; and (d) case 7.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2862716_pone-0010449-g004_63348.jpg
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Radiological and microsurgical examples of the intervention.For full control over the procedure in the large animal trials, both a surgical microscope and high resolution angiographical series was used. In a. digital subtraction angiogram showing a detached Extroducer tip without hemorrhage, dissection or thromboembolic complications. In b. photograph showing the microsurgical view of the detached Extroducer tip. In c. x-ray image showing the detached Extroducer tip with guide catheter. In d. photograph from post-operative dissection showing the detached Extroducer tip with methylene blue injected in the surrounding tissue. In e. digital subtraction angiogram showing an extra vascular injection of 25 µl contrast agent through the Extroducer system.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4089899_F2_304760.jpg
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Radiographic features of tissue damage in osteoarthritis(A) Example of osteophytes (white arrows) shown in the anterior lumbar vertebral bodies. (B) MRI with T2-weighted sequences demonstrating cartilage loss (white arrow) in patient with osteoarthritis. (C) MRI with T2-weighted sequences demonstrating bone marrow lesions localized to the knee patella (white arrow) in a patient with osteoarthritis. Image acquisition paradigm for MRIs courtesy of Franklyn Howe (St George’s University, London, UK).
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3734190_F3_222825.jpg
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TEM micrographs of GO and CXYG stock suspensions. TEM images of GO stock suspensions (A) demonstrated aggregates/agglomerates of GO nanoplatelets with lateral dimensions in the lower nanometer range. TEM images of CXYG stock suspensions (B) demonstrated comparatively larger, thin sheets. The inserts in the upper right corner of the images show the boxed-in areas at higher magnification. The large round holes visible in both micrographs represent defects in the carbon coating of the copper grid. The scale bar represented in the lower left corner of the images corresponds to 200 nm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4116234_pone-0103249-g002_310118.jpg
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Vessel formation (3D) by HUVECs.Representative pictures showing 3D vessel formation by HUVECs due to co-culture with P114 canine mammary control cells (mock-transfected), cells treated with Il-28ra-specific siRNA, cells treated with IL-28 (before the experiment), cells treated with IL-28 during the experiment and positive and negative control cells, as well as only IL-28 treatment.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3742061_fig2_224374.jpg
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Ducts of Rivinus crossing the main submandibular gland duct vertically (arrows) in MR sialography examination.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2395.jpg
What does this image show?
brain abscess
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4157037_F1_318551.jpg
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Typical M Echocardiography map of all groups shows that the heart is enlarged after myocardial infarction, whereas the ranges of relative motion of the ventricular septum and left ventricular wall were decreased. A) Echocardiogram of the rats in the sham operation group; B) echocardiogram of the rats in the vehicle-treated group; C) echocardiogram of rats in the MP group; and D) echocardiogram of the rats in the DOX group
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4314975_f2-ol-09-03-1239_354798.jpg
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Positron emission tomography/computed tomography of (A) various regions prior to treatment and (B) normalizing 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the para-aortic lymph nodes of the patient following radiotherapy treatment.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3510422_Fig1_169638.jpg
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Detection of inflamed plaque in a symptomatic patient a significantly stenotic left internal carotid artery. In transverse and coronal contrast-enhanced CT images (top row), there is evidence for significant obliteration of the lumen with little calcification on CT. Hybrid PET/CT images provide evidence for increased [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose at the site of the symptomatic lesion (bottom row). 24 (Reproduced with permission of Informa UK, Ltd.)
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3810269_pone-0076369-g003_239706.jpg
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Expression analysis of PtoMYB216 gene promoters. PtoMYB216 promoter-driven GUS construct was generated (A) and introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana. Transgenic seedlings were grown on MS media and assayed for GUS activity. GUS expression was observed in various tissues of PtoMYB216::GUS plants, including leaf (B), flower (C), root (E), silique (F) and cortex and in vascular bundles in the cross section of stem (D).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4031011_jfb-03-00114-f003_290985.jpg
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SEM micrographs of air-dried 80% DDA microspheres and scaffolds. A: 3.0% CS, No HA; B: 3.0% CS, 1× HA; C: 2.5% CS, 2× HA; D: 3.0% CS, 1× HA, MES acid wash. 1: Microsphere at low magnification—50×; 2: Microsphere at high magnification—250× (A,B,D) and 100× (C); 3: Scaffolds at 30× magnification.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3498157_pone-0049344-g003_165915.jpg
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Necropsy and stained tissue section of the uterus in the sow inoculated with CC398.A) Body of uterus. Sub-acute necrotizing and purulent endometritis. B) Uterine horn. Acute necrotising and purulent endometritis. Bacterial colonies (red-brown colour of aminoethylcarbazol) identified as S. aureus by immunohistochemistry.