image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC3946690_pone-0091139-g002_272692.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | The co-expression of all HER family members in a patient with Dukes’ C colon cancer.Co-expression of EGFR, HER-2, HER-3, and HER-4 in a formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumour sections stained immunohistochemically as described under methods and patients section. Magnification: ×200. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3440599_fig8_154516.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Micrographs from time-lapse videos of cells in cortical astrocyte culture and fibroblasts cultured statically on porous PDMS membranes with defined pore features in perfusion culture modules for the cells to partly or completely seal the pores, then perfused continuously from left to right (as shown in Fig. 1C) with different flow rate (80, 160, 320 ml/h) or shear rate (1.1, 2.2, 4.4/s) for different periods of times and monitored using time-lapse video microscopy. Bar = 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4016326_Fig2_287414.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Pulmonary angiogram by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of patient A. Axial (a) and sagittal (c) oblique multiplanar reconstruction and coronal maximum intensity projection (b) of the unroofed coronary sinus (*), the coronary sinus defect (thick arrow) and the entry of the coronary sinus into the right atrium (thin arrow). The right upper lobe drains into the right superior vena cava (dotted arrow). RA right atrium, LA left atrium, Ao aorta, SVC superior vena cava |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4545307_F1_416244.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Axial fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) (a) and axial T2-weighted images (b) show extensive hyperintense and axial T1-weighted image (c) shows hypointense lesions in the subcortical and periventricular white matter bilaterally. There is also compression of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle due to mass effect. There is no remarkable contrast enhancement on T1-weighted postcontrast images (d). Axial FLAIR image (e) reveals that there is no lesion in the pons |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4142379_fig3_315256.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Periapical radiograph of the left mandibular molar region, showing the osteosclerotic area. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuq8zmo074y24qmhbgp.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic25655.jpg | in what plane is this x-ray? | ap |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2775.jpg | Is chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4511874_f7_408566.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of PCNA in the colon of different group of rats.(A) Normal colon mucosa. (B) Colon mucosa of the group exposed to AOM. (C) Colon mucosa of the group treated with 5-fluorouracil. (D) Colon mucosa of the treatment group with 25 mg/kg CdCl2(C14H21N3O2) complex, (E) Colon mucosa of the treatment group with 50 mg/kg CdCl2(C14H21N3O2) complex. Immunohistochemistry staining of PCNA proteins showed downregulation of PCNA protein in rats treated with CdCl2(C14H21N3O2) Schiff base compounds. Magnification, ×100. All values were expressed at ± standard error of mean. The mean differences were significant at p < 0.05 when compared to the cancer control group. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3031590_pone-0016510-g006_85886.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Group x listening condition interaction effects on regional network measures.Surface maps display cortical regions showing a significant interaction effect (p<.05, uncorrected) between age group and listening condition on regional network measures of (top panels) and (bottom panels). The color bar indicates the significance (F-statistic) of the interaction effect. Table 2 provides p-values and indicates the nature of the interaction effects in each significant region. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3706371_pone-0068781-g003_216700.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Earlier pial BM breakdown with concurrent neuronal overmigration in double mutant mouse neocortices.(A–F) Double IHC of Tuj1 (green) and laminin (red) during E10.5–E12.8 coronal sections of various compound mutant mouse brains as indicated in the figure. Neuronal overmigration and pial BM breaches were first observed at E12.8 in Gpr56 single knockout mice (B), whereas they occur at E11.5 in both Itga3+/−/Gpr56−/− and Itga3−/−/Gpr56−/− mice (D and F). (G-L) Higher magnification of boxed regions in A–F. Scale bars: A–F,100 µm; G and H, 25 µm; I-L, 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3501454_pone-0049763-g003_166776.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Expression of total MeCP2 and MeCP2E1 in adult murine brain.Expression of total MeCP2 and MeCP2E1, respectively in olfactory bulb (A1, H1), cerebral cortex (B1, I1), striatum (C1, J1), dentate gyrus of hippocampus (D1, K1), thalamus (E1, L1), cerebellum (F1, M1) and brain stem (G1, N1). Higher magnification images for total MeCP2 (A2–G2) and MeCP2E1 (H2–N2) shows their nuclear expression pattern within the various brain regions. Scale bars: A1–G1; H1–N1 = 80 µm, A2–G2; H2–N2 = 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4423640_Fig4_384363.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Intravascular ultrasound virtual histology image for the site of coronary spasm. A: The coronary lumen has 33% plaque. B: The component of plaque is mostly fibrous material. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3903484_pone-0082716-g007_261610.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Histological cryosections: reduced EGFP expression in the spleen after shielding of Ad with HPMA copolymers.Female BALB/c were injected with HPMA copolymer-shielded EGFP-expressing Ad vector particles. 72 h later organs were harvested and analyzed by histological cryosections. Magnification: 100-fold, exposure time: liver , spleen , kidney , lung , Abbreviations: HexCys: unshielded AdHexCys, the “+ Polymer-number” indicates a shielding of AdHexCys with the respective HPMA copolymer, neut.: neutral (uncharged), pos.: positively charged, irrev.: irreversible (mal-)shielding, rev.: bioresponsive (PySS-)shielding. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_55612.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | 51-year-old woman with postoperative lateral malleolar fracture.Anteroposterior radiograph acquired 4 months after total ankle arthroplasty shows lateral malleolar fracture (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4535533_Fig3_414308.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. |
a Anteroposterior radiograph. b Lateral radiograph of a revised cemented femoral stem demonstrates good fill and fit of the cementless modular stem. The trochanteric osteotomy flap was fixed carefully, and the osteotomy site was consolidated |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4490756_Fig5_402757.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | 3D reconstructions of the muscular architecture of the creeping-type larva of Loxosomella murmanica. Reconstructions are based on the confocal microscopy dataset shown in Fig. 4 f. a: Fronto-lateral view. b: Frontal view. c: Dorsal view (i.e., facing the apical organ). d: Fronto-lateral view. e: Abfrontal view. f: Ventral view |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2405.jpg | What is present? | nervous |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0523.jpg | What are the islets mostly replaced by? | structureless eosinophilic material |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3310837_pone-0032893-g004_131254.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Carbon nanomaterial retention in vital organs.Liver, spleen, and kidney tissue sections of mice 7 days after intravenous injection with carbon nanomaterials at 25 μg/g b.w. Carbon nanomaterials are indicated by arrows. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin. The scale bar is 50 μm. PVA, polyvinyl alcohol; CNCs, carbon nanocapsules; C60, C60 fullerene; MWCNTs, multi-walled carbon nanotubes; SWCNTs, single-walled carbon nanotubes. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3570396_F1_185260.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Case presentation of a patient with PVTT treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy with HT (50 Gy/10 fractions/2 weeks) and daily administration of capcitabine during radiotherapy. (A) A contrast-enhanced CT in the portal phase shows the diffuse infiltrative HCC with right and main PVTT (white arrows). (B) The axial dose distribution of HT with effectively covering the GTV and sparing the adjacent normal organs (C) One month after treatment, recanalization of the venous obstruction due to PVTT was achieved. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2936386_F2_73166.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Topography of CD68-positive cells and expression of VEGF and MMP12. Case 1 and Case 2 showed distinct vascular patterns, but in both cases OGCs preferentially appeared in hypervascular stroma. Marked expression of VEGF and MMP12 was evident. A: Distribution of blood vessels marked with CD31 in Case 1. B, C: CD68-positive cells in Case 1. D: Distribution of blood vessels marked with CD31 in Case 2. E, F: CD68-positive cells in Case 2. G-R: VEGF and MMP12 expression in Case 1 (G-L), and Case 2 (M-R). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4139315_pone-0105173-g004_314373.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Accumulation of PpIX in MRSA after intraperitoneal injection with 5-ALA.(A) Cutaneous skin ulcers with (right) or without (left) MRSA. (B) Strong red fluorescence was detected in MRSA-infected ulcers 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg 5-ALA and irradiation with a Wood’s lamp (right). (C) Transmission image of a smear on a cutaneous ulcer infected with MRSA after intraperitoneal injection of 5-ALA. (D) Confocal laser scanning microscopy of PpIX fluorescence in MRSA. 405-nm diode, ultraviolet light, emission bandwidth 620–650 nm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3591156_fig3_190370.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Observation of cell morphology with microscope (Original magnification × 200). (a) MSCs grew as fibroblast-like or long spindle-shaped; (b) 1 day after infected with miR-1, the stem cells had no change in appearance; (c) 7 days after transfected with miR-1, the cells appearance of star or short spindle-shaped; (d) 14 days after modified with miR-1, the cells assume polygonal or short spindle-shaped most look like cardiomyocytes. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic39165.jpg | is this a t1 weighted image? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4687301_Fig1_455355.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | An undifferentiated sarcoma occurred in the chest wall of a 74-year-old male. A small enhanced lesion persisted three months after CIRT (a), and the size of the lesion increased on MRI performed five months after CIRT (b). FDG-PET/CT showed no change in the FDG accumulation between before (c) and after the recurrence (d) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2383989_fig2_22618.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Topographical maps showing scalp distributions of emotional expression effects for upright faces (top) and inverted faces (bottom), obtained by subtracting ERPs to neutral faces from ERPs to fearful faces within six successive post-stimulus latency windows. Red colours indicate an enhanced positivity for fearful relative to neutral faces, while blue colours indicate small or absent amplitude differences. Data from Eimer and Holmes (2002). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3534607_F3_176544.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Fluorescence observation of RTSH yeast, harboring EG with CBM having RTSH mutation, CBH, and BG, after immunofluorescence labeling. Yeast cells were labeled with the following antibodies: mouse monoclonal anti-FLAG M2 antibody for EG (upper column), mouse monoclonal StrepMAB-Classic antibody for CBH (middle column), mouse monoclonal anti-RGS-His antibody for BG (lower column), and Alexa Fluor 488 anti-mouse immunoglobulin. The left column represents RTSH yeast and the right column represents yeast harboring pRS423, pRS425, and pRS426 (control vectors). Phase-contrast micrographs are presented in the left column and fluorescence micrographs are presented in the right column. The scale bar is 5 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz8dow8086ua4i70hxi.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Lower-center |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4016625_F1_287541.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Preoperative axial computed tomography (CT) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (A) CT image showing a tumor approximately 1.5 cm in diameter in the left frontal convexity (arrow). (B) Tumor in the left frontal convexity. The tumor mass and perifocal edema caused a shift of the brain to the right side. (C) Tumor in the right middle cranial fossa. (D) Right frontal base tumor (cranial fossa) and the tumor in the left frontal convexity. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3565311_f6-ijms-14-01119_183985.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Leaf morphology of wild-type and ectopic overexpression of EsCRC in tobacco. The low magnification pictures provide an overview of (A1) abaxial and (B1) adaxial surfaces in wild-type tobacco, while high magnification pictures show cell shape, size and type on (A2) abaxial and (B2) adaxial surfaces of wild-type tobacco. Low and high magnification pictures of tobacco leaves with overexpression of EsCRC show (C1, C2) abaxial and (D1, D2) adaxial surfaces with more irregular cell surface and disordered cell arrangement. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3198793_pone-0026696-g006_112673.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Observation of meiocytes by DAPI staining in nhej, ssa, nhej ssa and lig6 mutant plants transformed with the pDMC1::RNAi/BRCA2 construct.Different stages of meiosis were observed in plants transformed with pDMC1::RNAi/BRCA2 in nhej mutant plants, ku80 (A–D) or lig4 (E–H), and in ssa mutant plants, ercc1 (I–L), in nhej ssa double mutant plants, ercc1 ku80 (M–P) or ercc1 lig4 (Q–T) and in lig6 mutant plants (U–X). (A, E, I, M, Q, U) prophase I. (B, F, J, N, R, V) metaphase I. (C, G, K, O, S, W) anaphase I. (D, H, L, P, T, X) anaphase II. Bar 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2887894_F2_66742.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | (a) Anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis obtained 10 weeks after initial fixation. Note the lack of healing progression of the right femoral fracture and the stress fracture now visible in the left femur and better demonstrated in (b). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3971849_fig1_277874.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Multiple hyperechoic elements with shadow back. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4224503_pone-0112667-g004_334312.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Photoacoustic tomography from the body surface in NASH-HCC model mice.(A) Spectrum computed tomography of a living NASH-HCC model mouse identified hepatic tumors with accumulation of ICG that had been intravenously injected 48 hours prior (IVIS Spectrum CT, PerkinElmer, Hopkinton, US; excitation 745 nm, emission 800 nm). (B) Photoacoustic tomography failed to visualize any cancer-specific PA signals on US images. (C, D) Three liver nodules were macroscopically identified in this mouse (C); one was visualized on fluorescence imaging (D). (E) Fluorescence microscopy identified ICG fluorescence (demonstrated in green in this fusion image with hematoxylin-eosin staining) in the cytoplasm of some of the cancerous cells in this NASH-HCC model mouse. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3242774_pone-0028933-g005_119724.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Effect of INCB3344 on established CNV.(A) Fundus photographs (1st and 3rd rows) and fluorescent angiography (2nd and 4th rows) pre-treatment (1st column) and post-treatment (2nd column) with vehicle (top 2 rows) or INCB3344 (bottom 2 rows). Established CNV in Sod1
−/− mice were markedly regressed by INCB3344 treatment (bottom), while no significant regression of established CNV was detected in vehicle treatment (top). Scale bar = 20 µm. (B) INCB3344 treatment caused a 70.35±9.86% decrease (n = 6) in established CNV size, which was significantly higher than that in vehicle treatment (1.0±1.0%, n = 7, *P<0.001). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4474836_pone.0130339.g005_398381.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | H&E staining of tibia sections.Blind reading of H&E staining revealed a difference in the level of infiltration of MM malignant cell plasma cells in treated animal groups, with either VPA/PIO or VPA alone. Internal panels are showing higher magnification (50x) for the identification of malignant cells infiltration. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4131034_Fig4_313056.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description |
Histology of skin samples from UVB-irradiated SKH-1 mice treated with BCME. H&E; 400X magnifications. a) U: group untreated; b) C-: Negative control (Vehicle 200 μL of ethanol); c and
d) C+UV: Skin without protection (Vehicle and UV) e) BCME: B. cordata methanolic extract; and f) BCME+UV: B. cordata methanolic extract and UV. C Vessel congestion; D dermis; ED edema; Ep epidermis; Hp hypertrophy cells; SbC Sunburn cell; SC stratum corneum; TEp Thickening epidermis. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3935939_pone-0089739-g004_269754.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. |
Ocepeia daouiensis, Selandian, Phosphate level IIa of Sidi Chennane, Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco.CT scan sections of the skull MNHN.F PM45; A. Sagittal section YZ 299; C. Horizontal section B-XZ; C. Transverse section XY 704 B-XZ. Scale bar: 10 mm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3583133_F2_188388.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | An example of reversal of natural degenerative course by ACRFP. A 70 years old male patient having grade IV OA over his right knee: A, pre-operative standing AP view showing grade IV OA over medial compartment of right knee; B, three years after ACRFP, the joint space reopened, the FTA improved from 7 degrees varus to 3 degrees varus. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_16199.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | On table intraoperative X-ray to see status and alignment of implant |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2875746_fig3_64784.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Course of endogenous SphK-1 and endogenous FGF-2 targeting to the cell periphery over time, observed by immunolocalization experiments. FGF-2 and SphK-1 immunolocalization at 0, 30, and 60 minutes after serum addition (lines (a), (b), (c), resp.) Sections 3 μm from surface. FGF-2 was detected using Texas red-conjugated secondary antibodies; SphK-1 was detected using FITC-conjugated antibodies. Arrows indicate granules of protein localization. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4347412_f01_363563.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Periapical radiograph of patients comprising the mild to moderate IERR
group. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3436020_f3-sensors-12-08135_153641.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Authentication of gold nanoparticles on the CNT surface was performed with SEM at a magnification of 50,000× (A) and 100,000× (B). EDS spectra analysis also demonstrated proof of gold existence within the composite samples (C). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_44225.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Case 1: Transabdominal USG shows a monochorionic monoamniotic twin gestation with a normal fetus (arrow) and the circular abdominal stump of the abnormal fetus demonstrating heterogeneous echotexture, without any discernable internal organs (arrowhead) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3021840_fig6_84305.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Visualization of source-reconstructed data. (a) Three-dimensional orthographic rendering of corticomuscular coherence with opacity mapping. (b) Surface rendering of statistically thresholded corticomuscular coherence after Z-transformation. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4642504_f3_443311.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Demonstration of protein resistant characteristics of THPMP coated microtoroids.Confocal microscopy is used in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of THPMP coating over microtoroids in terms of protein resistance. Piranha-treated and THPMP coated microtoroids were incubated in solution of FITC-BSA conjugate (1 mg/ml) in 1× PBS buffer for 1 h prior to confocal imaging. (a–c) DIC, fluorescence and merged images of Piranha treated microtoroids incubated in FITC-BSA conjugate solution. (d–f) DIC, fluorescence and merged images of THPMP coated microtoroids incubated in FITC-BSA conjugate solution. All measurement were taken under the same microscope and illumination configurations. Virtually no fluorescence is observed from the THPMP coated microtoroids. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4069012_pone-0100259-g008_300751.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging of cells implanted into the brain of a chick embryo.Cells (5×104) expressing dTomato were labelled with (A) Molday ION, (B) Feratrack or (C) Bangs Beads and implanted into the midbrain of chick embryos at embryonic day 3. At embryonic day 5 the embryos were harvested from their eggs, imaged with a fluorescence stereomicroscope and fixed prior to MR imaging using a T2-weighed RARE sequence. Scale bars represent 1 mm. Numbers in fluorescence images indicate the position of viable (dTomato expressing) cells. The corresponding numbers in the transverse MR sections show the T2 shortening effect of the labelling agent at the same anatomical positions. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3388998_pone-0040065-g004_143780.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Confocal images of immunofluorescent staining for Iba-1 (green), TNF-α (red), and GFAP (cyan).Merged image demonstrates the colocalization of TNF-α and Iba-1 (C, F, I). Square insets show enlargements of selected cells (C’, F’, and I’). Original magnification: ×10 (A–H), ×63 (A′–H′); Scale bars: 100 µm at lower magnification, 25 µm at higher magnification. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_23604.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | DSA image: Embolized pseudoaneurysm by coils and glue cast. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3061327_fig3_90645.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. |
Case 2. Upper: MRI images after the second operation. Lower: MRI after transsphenoidal surgery. Tumor was resected except suprasellar part and decompressed brainstem. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4405334_Fig4_379710.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | CLSM images. a Visualisation of protrusions emanating from an amyloplast and directed towards the nucleus in the storage parenchyma cells of red potato (cv. Rosalinde) tubers (CF fluorescence, λ
exc = 488 nm; λ
em = 515–540 nm, false colour green). b Nucleus stained with DAPI (λ
exc = 405 nm; λ
em = 420–475 nm, false colour red). c Merged a and b. Note the occurrence of ‘CF fluorescence holes’ within amyloplast body ascribed to starch granules. Arrow protrusion, N nucleus, s starch granule. Bars 5 µm (colour figure online) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4457918_pone.0120358.g001_393962.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Tumor histology and immunohistochemistry.(A) H & E-stained section of the original patient tumor. (B) High magnification image of (A). (C) Immunostained section of the original patient tumor using anti-HER-2 antibody. (D) High magnification image of (C). (E) H & E-stained section of the mouse-grown tumor. (B) High magnification image of (F). (G) Immunostained section of the mouse-grown tumor using an anti-HER-2 antibody. (H) High magnification image of (G). Scale bars: 200 μm (A, C, E and G) and 25 μm (B, D, F and H). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxva90dg074yareh1db9.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | Z-line |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3909222_pone-0087781-g003_263153.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Immunohistochemical staining of P-glycoprotein in different tissues of healthy and E. coli infected broilers.Mouse monoclonal anti-P-gp antibody (C219) was used to detect P-gp. These figures are representatives of typical samples from 5 broilers in each group. The arrow showed the positive staining of P-gp. Magnifications are indicated by bar. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3198810_pone-0026650-g004_112679.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Tracking tumor formation and infiltration with Luc-PB[mut]7.(A) Luciferase signal labels a melanoma in this Luc-PB[mut]7;Act-PBase;BrafV600E;Tyr-CreER mouse (white arrowheads). The left panel shows a light image while the right panel overlays the luciferase signal. (B) Luciferase signal enabled the identification of tumor cell infiltration into distant organs of a Luc-PB[mut]7;Act-PBase;Pten+/- mouse that developed lymphoma. The enlarged thymus (Thy) and lymph nodes (LN) were strongly luciferase-positive. Strong signal was also seen emanating from a distinct portion of the liver (Liv, white dashed line). (C) H&E staining of liver from the luciferase-positive region reveals extensive lymphocyte infiltration (scale bar, 200 µm). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1857.jpg | Is leiomyosarcoma opened uterus shows tumor? | no |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic43015.jpg | is this image modality t1, t2, or flair? | t2 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3792868_pone-0076874-g003_236343.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Temporal changes of CB1 expression in the EGP of PD-induced rats.CB1 expression in external globus pallidus (EGP) of rats submitted to unilateral intrastriatal injections of 6-OHDA after 1, 5, 10, 20, and 60 days post-lesion (DPL). Digital images of coronal sections of the EGP show an increase of CB1 expression in the experimental side at earlier time points. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwy9dnv8086ub89u1wpe.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4034733_fig6_291904.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | SEM images of hSC seeded on Perimaix S3 in time. hSCs were already visible in the microchannels in the center of the scaffold at 3 days ((a), (b)) after seeding, where cells adhered (magnification, scale bar 20 μm) to the collagen material. hSCs remained in the scaffold and were detectable up to 7 ((c), (d)) and 14 days after seeding ((e), (f): images (b), (d), (f) and (g) are magnifications of the rectangles in (a), (c) and (e). Scale bars in (a), (c), (e): 100 μm). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4141339_Fig3_314878.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | A 46-year-old male patient with a colloid cyst. Axial noncontrast-material enhanced CT image demonstrates hyperdense lesions located in the foramen of Monro sized 2 cm in diameter (arrow, A). The lesion is hypointense in FLAIR images, which indicates the proteinous content of the cyst (arrow, B) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvd90ik074ygxuw4k0e.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3819663_F2_241512.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | BiFC visualization of P7-2-SKP1Maize interaction in agrobacterium-infiltrated N. benthamiana leaves. Co-expression of P7-2-YN/SKP1Maize-YC or P7-2-YC/SKP1Maize-YN induced a weak fluorescence pattern. The signals were localized in or at the peripheries of the nuclei and the plasma membrane, and slight diffuse fluorescence was also observed in the cytoplasm. No YFP signals were detected for the negative controls. YFP was excited at 488 nm and emission was measured at 550–590 nm. The fluorescent, bright field and merged images are depicted in the upper, middle and bottom panels, respectively. Bars, 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4301812_pone.0116535.g003_351911.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Representative panel of histological and immunohistochemical analysis.Microphotographies of: PAS staining, to assessment of glomerular lesions (A), Trichromic Masson staining, to evaluate interstitial expansion (B), ED-1 immunohistochemistry, to analyze macrophage infiltration in the interstitial area (C) and in the glomeruli (D), and AII immunohistochemistry, to evaluate the presence of renal cortical interstitial cells positive to AII (E).
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splits/subfolder_2/PMC4661833_ijms-16-25974-f008_448309.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Detection of 27.8R expression and LCDV particles in peripheral blood cells by IIFA. Peripheral blood cells were isolated from turbots at 3 h p.i. and stained with anti-27.8R MAbs and anti-LCDV MAb for detection of 27.8R and LCDV, respectively. The green fluorescence (arrow) indicated the positive signals of 27.8R (A) or LCDV (B). Cell nuclei were counterstained in blue by DAPI. Scale bar = 10 μm. (a,b) were the higher magnification view of the insert area in the merge pictures showing 27.8R and the LCDV positive area, respectively. Scale bar = 1 μm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic59589.jpg | what is the mr weighting in this image? | t1 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4060636_F2_298809.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Patient with L4/L5 grade I spondylolisthesis, L3/L4 and L4/L5 protrusion of intervertebral disc, spinal stenosis. (A) Preoperative lumbar radiographs. (B) Preoperative lateral lumbar spine MRI. (C) L3/L4 grade IV intervertebral disc degeneration. (D) ISOBAR TTL internal fixation system, L3/L4 implanted microactuator device, the postoperative lumbar radiograph. (E) Postoperative lumbar lateral film. (F) Lumbar intervertebral disc MRI after 2 years, L3/L4 grade II lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4046525_F1_294931.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Abdominal computed tomography images. (A) Excessive gas production on initial treatment planning computed tomography images (the first scan). (B) After we gave him an enema, his rectum filled with gas (the second scan). (C) A test scan to confirm that his rectum is empty. (D) A few minutes later, the treatment planning computed tomography scan (the third) shows that more gas has accumulated. (E) Four days after cessation of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. TPCT, treatment planning computed tomography; AGI, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3722479_F1_219961.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Patient JG MRI and visual perimetry. (A) MRI of patient JG. T2-weighted scans showing the damage after cyst removal (in white lower left) at the right parieto-occipital junction, including the caudal part of the intra-parietal sulcus and extending subcortically to the right lateral ventricle through the white matter. Scans are shown in radiological convention. (B) Goldman perimetry showing patient's quadrantanopia in the lower left visual field. She also showed somewhat large blind spots in both eyes. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3844243_fig4_246791.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | In a thirty-two-year-old female patient DWI-MRI was able to depict a small focal nephritis in the left kidney (arrow), which was surrounded by a patchy area of altered signal in DWI-b800 and DWI-ADC (asterisk in DWI-ADC). By using only T2w and T1w imaging the focal area of nephritis could easily be misinterpreted as, for example, a simple cyst. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4045552_fig2_294517.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Images showing downgrading of aneurysm residue by 3D RA by showing the excellent relationship between the artery and the clip: (a) 2D DSA image showing a small remnant (black arrow), (b) 3D RA, SSD image, showing the “remnant” to be a loop of the vessel rather than aneurysm neck. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0767.jpg | What are distorted due to cystic change? | renal pelvis and calyces |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1851383_F3_10341.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for E-cad, c-met, and Sdc1 in DCIS. Examples for presence (positive) and absence (negative) of marker expression are shown. DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; E-cad, E-cadherin; Sdc, syndecan. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4694837_F5_457239.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | SLC22A18 inhibits KRAS-induced anchorage independent growth of NIH3T3 cellsCells were infected with indicated viruses or combination of viruses. Cells were allowed to grow on soft agar for 21 days and then stained and counted. Representative images are shown. The number and size of anchorage independent colonies seen with the infection of KRAS-encoding virus both decreased when super-infected with SLC22A18-encoding virus. Upper panels are higher magnification views. B. Results from soft agar assay are quantitated. Bars represent the average number of colonies, and error bars represent S.D. of three independent experiments. (*) represents P-value of < 0.05. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2856391_F0003_62312.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Grading used for pedicle breaches on postoperative CT scan images |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4231460_F1_336181.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging at 12 months. a Computed tomography image demonstrates low attenuation areas in the white matter of the frontal lobes, putamen, external capsule and claustrum, and cystic formation in the white matter of the frontal lobes. b T2-weighted image shows areas of high signal intensity and cystic formation in the white matter of the frontal lobes, and significant deep gray matter structure abnormality. c T2-weighted image shows small, bilateral hyperintense lesions in the medulla oblongata. d Contrast T1-weighted image demonstrates contrast enhancement in the pericystic lesion and the caudate nucleus. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4158064_Fig5_318825.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. |
Cellular localization of CCL2 positive and CCR2 positive cells. Representative images of confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed colocalization of CCL2 with GFAP (A-C), whereas CCR2 colocalized with ramified iba-1 positive cells in hippocampal GM (D-F), and amoeboid iba-1 positive cells in hippocampal WM (G-I). Scale bar (A-F) = 10 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_32814.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Ultrasonography, sagittal plane showing the presence of a remnant urachus and expansile, heterogeneous and irregular lesion (between arrows) at the midline of the meso hypogastrium region on the posterosuperior bladder wall. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_uterus/train_1849.jpg | What is present? | uterus |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3487639_F8_163420.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Specimens of Leptoseris troglodyta sp. n. from the Philippines, W of Bohol, NW side of Cabilao Island (RMNH Coel 24195). Scale bars: 5 mm a Single calyx from above, showing nearly solid columella in the fossa b Two totally fused monocentric calices showing, each with its own fossa c Upper side of calyx showing clearly visible granulation on septal sides d Calyx showing solid corallum wall covered by costae with fine granular spines. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3967532_fig03_276887.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Overlapping clusters of BOLD activation in the (A) thalamus and caudate, (B) medial frontal gyrus, (C) parahippocampal gyrus, and (D) cingulate gyrus, correlated with FA in the anterior corona radiata (ACR; purple); anterior thalamic radiation (ATR; blue); external capsule (EC; light orange); retrolenticular part of the internal capsule (RLIC; light blue); inferior frontooccipital fasciculus (IFOF; magenta); fornix (FNX; orange); body of the corpus callosum (yellow); posterior corona radiata (PCR; red); cingulate gyrus (CG; cyan); and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF; light green); masks from anatomical atlases were applied to highlight the areas of specific overlap. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3610355_fig9_195421.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | 5 years old with history of combined variable immune deficiency. Axial T2-weighted image through the superior orbit (a) shows lobulated, isointense soft-tissue masses in the bilateral lacrimal glands (arrows). On diffusion-weighted images (b), the masses show restricted diffusion, corroborated by ADC maps (not shown). Precontrast coronal (c) and sagittal (d) T1WI show the well-circumscribed, mildly hypoattenuating mass centered in the right lacrimal gland that homogenously enhances on postcontrast T1-weighted image (e). Biopsy confirmed lymphoid hyperplasia bilaterally. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05928.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Cavitated lesion on horseback on the segments of the right upper lobe, with a central heterogeneous rounded density. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwybdnz8086u24pid7l7.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2822327_F0002_56778.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Ultrasonography showing an area of focal eventration of the diaphragm with adjacent protrusion of perinephric fat. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0502.jpg | Where is metastatic tumour deposits in the liver seen? | on sectioned surface |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3590451_f0030_190050.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | An inclusively masked analysis showing regions that were significantly active in both fMRI and MEEG modalities during domain-general (left) and domain-specific (right) recollection with a joint probability of P < 1.5 × 10–5 or less. This analysis confirmed that the Precuneus and left dorsal PFC showed highly significant convergence between fMRI and MEEG for both functional contrasts. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4037580_fig3_292629.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | CEU perfusion images of ischemic skeletal muscle were performed at 4 weeks after ligation, showing the corresponding pulsing intervals (PI) versus signal intensity from the animals in the 3 treatment groups. There was a stronger and faster contrast enhancement in VEGF treatment group. Adapted from [22]. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3545963_F4_179266.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Brain CT and MRI on admission and after treatment in a 26 year-old SLE patient who presented with seizure. CT (A) shows normal but T2-weighted image (B) shows high signal lesions in subcortical left centroparietal white matter. On contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequence (C), there is minimal enhancement at the periphery. Diffusion-weighted image (D) shows high-signal intensity area in corresponding lesion areas. Corresponding ADC map (E) reveals high signal intensity area. The abnormal lesion completely diminished in T2-weighted image (F) after 8 months of steroid therapy. DWI (G) shows high signal lesions and ADC (H) reveals lesion low intensity. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4391867_pone.0121798.g002_376681.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Photograph of the Case 27 lesion actually attached by 3 endoscopists.The maximum resection diameters shown by the yellow arrow are 48, 45, and 40 mm, showing variation. The orthogonal diameters shown by the blue arrows also vary. The tumor sizes (green arrows) were also different from each other. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3717027_F7_219092.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | PCOLCE sub-cellular localisation in OPMD and control muscle biopsies. Muscle cryosections were co-stained for PABPN1 (red; 3 F5-VHH) and PCOLCE (green; 3 F5-VHH). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Arrows point to nuclear PCOLCE that colocalizes with aggregated PABPN1. (A) The sarcolemma is highlighted by staining for dysferilin (purple). Scale bar equals 10 μm. (B) Immunofluorescence after KCl treatment. Treatment with 1 M KCl disturbs localisation of soluble proteins whilst aggregates remain intact (arrow). Co-localisation between PABPN1 and PCOLCE is shown in the merged image. Scale bar equals 5 μm. (C) Changes in PCOLCE sub-cellular localisation shown at low magnification. PABPN1 and DAPI mark nuclei. Scale bar equals 30 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3579722_F1_187093.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | 86 year old female in hypoglycaemic coma, computed tomography on Day 14 after onset of hypoglycaemia. There is a large area of low attenuation involving grey and white matter in the right temporal and parietal lobes. Differential diagnosis for this imaging appearance would be acute right middle and posterior cerebral artery territory infarction. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4412724_Fig6_381631.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Macroscopic observation of osteochondral plugs decellularised using process (5) and process (5) with extended washes. Top panel shows smooth shiny cartilage following decellularisation with process (5). Bottom panel shows the dull, mottled cartilage surface (left) and the cartilage contracted in from the bone following decellularisation with process (5) with extended PBS washes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3916342_pone-0087351-g006_265002.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Benefits of 3D processing with upsampling.A: raw data, with three synapses in green circles. B: probability map of the synapse class after classification with 2D features – low precision of the prediction. C: same for classification with 3D features without upsampling – low recall. D: same for classification with 3D features and upsampling by 2 along the z axis. The remaining false positives are filtered out by the object classification step. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvj90sw074y65neasey.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1887.jpg | What does yellow color indicate? | theca cells can not recognize as ovary |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3004957_pone-0015701-g008_81804.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Expression of late Mitosis regulators in human skin.Normal human skin sections were immunostained for cdc14A (a,b), Cyclin A (b), HEC1 (c) or Aurora Kinase B (AURB; d,e), and keratins 1 and 10, colours as indicated. Nuclei were stained with Dapi (blue, a–e). Dotted line indicates the basement membrane. SS: skin surface. Arrows point at suprabasal, differentiating positive cells. Images are representative of foreskin from two different individuals. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3728537_fig2_221566.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Radiographs of the left foot at 4-month (a) and 2-year (b) follow-up consultations, showing a favorable radiologic evolution. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2045091_F1_14451.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | T2-weighted magnetic resonance images showing coronal slices through 5-week-old rat brain at the level of the anterior third ventricle. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is bright. In normal rats (and induction failures) the ventricles are barely visible (upper panel; arrow). Kaolin injected at age 3 weeks is associated with marked enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles (middle panel; in this example the ventricle size index is 0.15). Other agents were less reliable. Matrigel caused moderate enlargement (lower panel; in this example the ventricle size index is 0.06). White matter edema is also apparent (arrow); it is usually associated with active enlargement. |
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