image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC3892257_F2_258589.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | CBCT shows geminated central incisors in panorama, cross sectional, axial, and 3D views. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2067.jpg | Is jejunum present? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2908072_F1_69414.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Microscopic appearance and immunohistochemical features of the tumor. A) Representative area of the core needle biopsy specimen showing a homogeneous plasmacytoid appearance of the tumor cells (H&E; ×100 magnification). B) Desmin and C) CD99 strong immunoreactivity (×200 magnification). D) S100 and E) HMB-45 immunohistochemical staining (×200 magnification). F) Representative area of the resection specimen showing nests of tumor cells with clear cytoplasm divided by thin fibrous septa (×100 magnification). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_81346.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Postoperative X-ray showing the corpectomy graft at C5, C6 level with the implant. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic53167.jpg | which organ is captured by this mri? | face, sinuses, and neck |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3696099_pone-0067369-g007_214680.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Chloroplast in seedlings homozygous for why1-1, why1-2, why1-3, emb14-1, or ij.Leaf sector 1 cm below the tip of the second leaf from two-leaf stage seedlings were fixed and sectioned for TEM. Scale bars = 0.5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2721572_F0017_42919.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Renal US and MR Urogram. Patient is a nine-year-old female who presented with constant dribbling of urine. Her US demonstrated normal upper tracts(a-b). MR urogram demonstrates right renal duplication with an ectopic right upper pole ureter (c-d). (a-b) Renal US demonstrates normal kidneys, no evidence of duplication. Figs 7(c–d) MR urogram (T2 weighted imaging sequence) demonstrating duplication of the right kidney (c), with an ectopic insertion of the right upper pole ureter into the bladder neck (d) |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3687770_fig7_212431.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Normal vessel observed by confocal microscopy: (a) red immunofluorescence shows the expression and phosphorylation of the constitutive PDGFβ receptor, (b) green immunofluorescence shows no E5 oncoprotein, and (c) immunofluorescence of the merged image failed to show any colocalization of E5 oncoprotein with PDGFβ receptor. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic41745.jpg | what is most alarming about this mri? | wernicke encephalopathy |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2174466_F5_15806.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Accumulation of autofluorescent compounds in Physcomitrella after CF treatment and B. cinerea inoculation. Examination of UV-stimulated autofluorescence of B. cinerea-inoculated leaf (A, C), PDB-treated leaf (B), PDB- (D), B. cinerea spores- (E), LB- (F) and CF(SCC1)-treated protonemal filaments (G). A closer view of a CF(SCC1)-treated protonemal cell with cytoplasmic shrinkage and UV-stimulated autofluorescence is shown (H, I). Observations were made 2 days after treatments. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4084983_pone-0102008-g002_304029.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | A 53-year-old men with a C4–C7 mixed-type OPLL associated with DO was treated by anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion.(A). Preoperative radiographic image at neutral position. (B, C). Preoperative sagittal and axial CT scans demonstrating a C4–C7 mixed-type OPLL with double-layer sign. (D). Preoperative MR image showed severe compression of the spinal cord. (E). Postoperative radiographic image showing C4–C6 corpectomy and fusion. (F, G). Postoperative sagittal and axial CT demonstrating complete resection of OPLL and floating of DO. (H). Postoperative MR image showed sufficient decompression of the spinal cord. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3868169_fig01_252923.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | (Upper) Axial, coronal, and sagittal view of source voxels detected from SFGdor (left), INS (middle), and PUT (right). The peak coordinates of source voxels are (−15, 9, 51), (42, 24, −3), and (33, −6, 6), respectively. In the plot of INS, the green color represents the core subregion. (Bottom) Multislices view of the source voxels of SFGdor (left), INS (middle), and PUT (right). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC523824_pmed-0010001-g001_675.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Histology of Intestinal Mucosa of Two of the Oat-Intolerant PatientsSmall intestinal biopsies were obtained at diagnosis, after an ordinary gluten-free diet (remission), after introduction of oats, and after withdrawal of oats (recovery). For patient CD496, a biopsy was not taken after she started with a gluten-free diet. Biopsies were scored according to the modified Marsh criteria. Hematoxilin-eosin staining was used, and IEL counts are given in the corners of the photomicrographs. The remission biopsy from patient CD507 was poorly oriented. We therefore melted and reoriented this biopsy (insert). Original magnification: 100×. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3414802_F3_149001.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Microscopic findings and immunohistochemical staining. (a) Low-power view of histological examinations revealed massive infiltration of small monotonous lymphocytes, which were difficult to distinguish tumor cells from reactive lymphocytes in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. (Hematoxylin and eosin staining, X100). (b) Immunohistochemical staining showed that tumor cells had T-cell markers for CD3, (X400). (c) Immunohistochemical staining by CD20 showed infiltrated lymphoid cells had B-cell markers, (X400). (d) MIB staining. MIB 1 index was as high as 60% in high-power fields, (X400). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2560.jpg | Does malformed base show recurrent hepatitis c virus? | no |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic28315.jpg | what plane was used in this ultrasound? | coronal |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3008747_pone-0015331-g006_82008.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Loss of Cfl1 causes disruption of the attachment between the EVL and DEL.Embryos injected with either the StdMO (A) or cfl1 tMO1 (B) were fixed at 8.5 hpf and subjected to transmission electron microscopy. Cohesive attachment between the EVL and DEL on lateral sites of embryos was observed in StdMO-treated control embryos, but a cleft (aster) was observed in cfl1 morphants. Each photograph is representative of at least five embryos with similar results. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3548242_F3_179858.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Absence seizure analysis: regions of interest. This figure summarizes the standard SPM activation results of a single epileptic patient with (petit mal) absence seizure (the same subject as in Figure 1). Significant (whole brain FWE-corrected, p < 0.05) positive and negative GSW-related BOLD responses were identified by means of an F-contrast on the GSW regressors. The color bar indicates the range of displayed F values. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3435395_pone-0044161-g001_153557.jpg | What is shown in this image? | (A) Gross appearance and (B) body weight of 12 week-old wild-type (WT), and Col4a3−/− mice.(C) Kidney morphology showing reduced perfusion and (D) H&E renal histology showing glomerulosclerosis in the Col4a3−/− animals. Values are expressed as mean±SEM, P<0.05 vs: (*) WT, n≥13 mice/group. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwykdo8k086uarovaz9g.jpg | How many findings are present? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3605172_F5_193740.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Plane view SEM images of the Si surface of sample 1. The images show the nanopatterned Si surface of sample 1 after etching through the PAA mask using SF6/CHF3 gas mixture for 20 s (a), 40 s (b), and 60s (c). The alumina film was removed before observation. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3315557_pone-0032769-g003_132122.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Liver sections of mice vaccinated with rBCG.Histopathology examination of formalin fixed liver sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin showing the frequency of granulomas induced by the vaccines. Magnification 200×, and a representative view from one of 3 mice per vaccine. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3792960_pone-0075615-g001_236426.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | NCCT, CTA-SI and CTP in a patient with acute stroke.A 67-year-old male with aphasia and right-sided hemiparesis. Imaging approximately 1 hour after symptom onset. The upper row corresponds to the ganglionic ASPECTS level (C, caudate nucleus; L, lentiform nucleus; IC, internal capsule; I, insular region; M1–M3, cortical regions), the lower row to the supraganglionic ASPECTS level (M4–M6, cortical regions). Ischemic signs in the left MCA territory are seen on (A) NCCT; (B) CTA-SI; and on CTP in (C) penumbra and infarct maps; (D) CBV maps; and (E) MTT maps. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0613.jpg | What is superimposed on chronic rheumatic heart disease? | acute rheumatic mitral valvulitis |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_66107.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | 38-year-old male presented with chest pain and was diagnosed with pneumothorax. PA chest radiograph shows white line of visceral pleura sign (white arrow) in left hemithorax representing the radiologic sign, visceral pleural white line sign. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4513289_F2_408912.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Two-dimensional proton-density (PD) – weighted MR image of a pincer-type FAI patient depicting an increased signal within the center of the labrum that does not extend to the labral margin reflecting intra-labral degeneration. Note that the saturation effect (band of low signal in the center of acetabulum and femoral neck) is constantly present in 2D radial MR imaging. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4482600_pone.0130987.g004_400504.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | DORV with double-committed VSD in a female aged 3 months.(a) The two great arteries were side-by-side (the measured angle = 90°). (b) The VSD was situated below both the two arterial valves. (c) The volume rendering (VP) image showed the coarctation of the aorta (arrow) with poststenotic dilatation. Ao, aorta; LA, left atrium; MPA, main pulmonary artery; RA, right atrium; RPA, right pulmonary artery. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4525737_Fig5_411981.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. |
a Sinus and wound in the left buttock. b Management with NPWT. c Formation of fresh granulation tissue after NPWT. d CT scan of sacroiliac joints: erosive changes involving the right sacroiliac joint. e CT scan demonstrating bony fusion 30 months after NPWT and anti-tubercular therapy |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2639566_F8_34250.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Axial MR of kidneys (Arterial phase) performed on 18 November 2008, shows area of non-perfusion in posterior cortex, mid-pole of left kidney (arrow). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4167699_pone-0107044-g005_320996.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Histological evaluation of tissue formation in the three ceramics upon intramuscular implantation in rats, rabbits and dogs.Representative images showing tissue response to BCP1100 (A, D, G), BCP1200 (B, E, H) and HA1200 (C, F, I) upon implantation in the femoral muscle of rat, dorsal muscle of rabbit and dorsal muscle of dog for 12 weeks. Decalcified sections, HE Staining, magnification = ×100, scale bar = 200 µm; V→Blood vessel, CT→Connective tissue, M→Material, O→Osteoid tissue, B→Bone. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3579993_Fig23_187347.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma in a 44-year-old woman. Frontal chest radiograph shows a large, well-defined mediastinal mass with increased density (arrow). Contrast-enhanced CT scan shows a bulky soft tissue mass (arrows) with homogeneous CT-attenuation value occupying prevascular space. Note the left internal mammarian artery completely surrounded by the lesion. Photomicrograph reveals numerous neoplastic lacunar cells (arrows) in a background of small lymphocytes, histiocytes and eosinophils, which supports the diagnosis of nodular sclerosis type Hodgkin lymphoma |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuw8zso074y5o6v9jyk.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Gastroscopy |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyedo34086uhr2ngihn.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | Tube |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4558630_Fig4_420312.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Confocal images of HeLa cells which internalized differently shaped particles (red fluorescence) after incubation for 24 h. a “Small” spherical CaCO3 particles, b “small” ellipsoidal CaCO3 particles, c cuboidal CaCO3 particles, d “big” ellipsoidal CaCO3 particles, and e “big” spherical SiO2 particles (used as control). Particles are labeled with TRITC (red). Nuclei, lysosomes, and cytoskeletons are fluorescence labeled with DAPI (blue), Anti-LAMP1 labeled with DyLight 649 (artificially colored in yellow), and Oregon Green® 488 phalloidin (green), respectively. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mean the red, green, blue and yellow channels and the merged image, respectively. The scale bars in all images correspond to 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2851658_ppat-1000849-g002_61539.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Histopathology of rMA15 virus infected mouse strains.Mice were sacrificed at days 2, 5 and 9 post-infection for histopathological analysis. Lung sections were stained with H&E and photomicrographs of individual airways are shown in the figure. The left side of each matched pair is a 10X picture and the right side is 40X. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic60666.jpg | in what plane is this image taken? | coronal |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3938758_pone-0090433-g005_270733.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | MANF expression in the hippocampus.
A: Rat pups were sacrificed at the indicated postnatal days. MANF expression in the hippocampus was determined by IHC. CA1 and CA3, Cornu Ammonis 1 and 3 region of hippocampus; DG, dentate gyrus; SUB, subiculum. B: Image of higher magnification showed CA1, CA3 and DG of hippocampus. Scale bar = 100 µm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qa1ekz08324rek2qcv.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3629048_f2-ol-05-04-1189_199208.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Expression of CD146 in the clinical samples of normal and cancerous endometrial tissue. (A) Representative immunohistochemical staining of CD146 in vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells in the collected tissues, including: (N) Normal hyperplasia endometrium; (G1) a highly differentiated grade of endometrial cancer; (G2) a moderately differentiated grade of endometrial cancer; and (G3) a poorly differentiated grade of endometrial cancer. (B) Expression of CD146 in vascular endothelial cells was confirmed using anti-CD31 as an endothelial marker in a fluorescent immunohistochemistry assay. CD146, red; CD31, green; Merge, overlapped images of former pictures and nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 100 μm. CD146, cluster of differentiation 146. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3031546_pone-0016386-g005_85839.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Foliar spots in Iriartea deltoidea caused by Diplodia mutila, at different infection stages.(A) Leaf spot infection for a plant with 2 leaves and one spot covering less than 20% of the leaf (B) A plant with two leaves and with a spot covering ∼40% of one leaf (C) A plant with two leaves and with the two foliar spots covering 50% of both leaves (D) Foliar spots covering the entire plant, representing 100% of infection. These plants died after 15 to 31 days. (E) Diplodia mutila pycnidia produced slowly maturing, non-striate, brown, 1-septate conidia measuring 26–28×15–20 µm. Liquid conidial darkening and septation was recorded to take place after discharge. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4175614_Fig2_322577.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented |
Brain magnetic resonance imaging and angiography of the cranial vessels using intravenous contrast agent shows right-sided proptosis and an oval structure with highly dispersed protein content (red arrow).
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data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_liver/train_2885.jpg | What is present? | hepatobiliary |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_36525.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Ultrasonography: thickened, hypervascularized synovium of the radiocarpal joint. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4086536_F16_304314.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Radiograph at 6-month recall |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4511036_Fig2_408269.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Histopathology examination of liver sections of the control group. a, b Microscopic view from the liver tissue of a rat belonged to healthy/control group stained with H&E (group I). c Microscopic view from the pericentral zone of rat liver stained with H&E (group I). d Microscopic view from the periportal zone of rat liver stained with H&E. Portal triad structures comprise of portal vein (v), hepatic artery (a), and bile duct (d) (group I). (central vein = cv), Scale bars = 200 μm in A; 100 μm in B; 20 μm in C and D |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1420325_F1_4950.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | CT scan demonstrated a large, contrast enhancing soft tissue lesion pushing the larynx medially. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3311592_F2_131399.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Representative slides of immunohistochemical staining for hCG expression for FIGO stage II (a, hCG negative), FIGO stage III (b, hCG positive) for grade 1 (c, weak hCG staining) and grade 2 (d, strong hCG staining) ovarian cancer tissue. No hCG immunoreactivity was detected in tumor stroma (magnification 10× and 25×). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4656246_Fig11_446930.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | SHL in a 56-year-old man with fever and significant weight loss. a Multiple well-defined variable sized diffusion restricting nodules are seen involving both liver and spleen. b On post administrations of intravenous contrast, the nodules demonstrate rim-enhancement. This appearance can be difficult to differentiate from abscesses and disseminated granulomatous infections. Histopathological examination revealed this to be diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with bone marrow involvement |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qg1ev30832c0f20yx7.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3155495_F1_105091.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Dose distribution of a patient with renal pelvis cancer and beam arrangements of 0°, 129°, and 229° gantry: (A) renal fossa; (B, C) course of ureter; and (D) bladder. Digitally reconstructed radiograph for views of (E) 0° gantry and (F) 90° gantry. Internal pink and yellow lines represent the CTV50 and CTV40 respectively. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3694455_F1_214160.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Pathologic changes in patients with DR. (A) Microaneurysm is one of the characteristic findings in patients with NPDR, demonstrated by tiny hyperfluorescent spots in the fluorescein angiography. (B) Disruption in neurovascular units and breakdown of inner BRB leads to ME in DR patients. Optical coherence tomography demonstrates cystoid ME. (C) In PDR patients, VH can occur from fragile new vessels. (D) Fibrovascular proliferation from retinal neovascularization forms diffuse tractional membrane, resulting in TRD. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3177870_F11_109329.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | US and MRI images of a 15 year old boy with JIA and enthesitis. A) Fat suppressed T2-weighted MRI sequence showing bilateral, physiological edema of the iliac crests (arrows). Focal muscle edema at the left gluteus medius insertion (arrowhead) indicates enthesopathy. B) Longitudinal US with CD of the left insertion showing a hypoechoic area and hyperemia. C) T1-weighted MRI sequence before intravenous gadolinium contrast injection. D) Fat suppressed T1 sequence after contrast injection showing enhancement (arrowhead) in the muscular insertion. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1884.jpg | What is close-up of lesion sliced? | lesion sliced open like a book typical for this with yellow foci evident view all pelvic organ in slide |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4551700_Fig2_418090.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Liver and muscle pathology. a Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) of liver biopsy showed marked lipid accumulation consistent with steatohepatitis. (size bar 20 μm) H&E and oil red O staining of the biopsied muscle revealed dystrophic change (b) and mild lipid accumulation (c). (size bar 50 μm for b and 20 μm for c) |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4497733_pone.0131945.g004_404856.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Position of three SuperLock nitinol coil fiducials used in two dimensional (2D) marker matching just prior to SBRT treatment for a left lower lobe lung tumor as visualized using on-board kV imaging (panel A: anterior-posterior image; panel B: lateral image).Three green crosses showed locations of the fiducials identified from the planning CT. The background images were 2D kV-kV pair images acquired prior to treatment. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glqs4tv071u6bvv5ncd.jpg | Where in the image is the anatomical landmark? | Center, Center-left, Upper-left |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2700430_F0002_40466.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Para-sternal approach for biopsy of pre-vascular node. Needle advanced between sternum and internal mammary vessels. Histopathological analysis revealed metastases from squamous cell carcinoma |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3920997_got033-F5_266347.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | (a) Endoscopic ultrasound view of an intraluminal thrombus (arrowheads) of the main pulmonary artery. The endoscope is advanced at the mid-oesophagus and orientated towards the anterior wall of the oesophagus. (b) Computed tomography scan showed an extension of the thrombus to the right pulmonary artery (p). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4459451_Fig5_394317.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Histopathological examination revealed hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells that appeared neither mixed nor atypical, was noted beneath the mucous membrane. (HE × 40) |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2346.jpg | Is candida in peripheral blood present? | yes |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4511728_pone.0133494.g004_408474.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | IL-6 expression changes are confirmed by confocal microscopy and real time RT-PCR.(A) The increased IL-6 protein expression in the adipose tissues of obese and overweight individuals as compared with lean subjects was confirmed by confocal microscopy. (B) Real-time RT-PCR data also confirmed the increased IL-6 gene expression in obese adipose tissues (16.60±2.214 fold) as compared with lean/ overweight (9.376±1.656 fold) adipose tissue samples (P = 0.0108). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3230951_f20-sensors-10-08797_118293.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | The TEM photograph of the 0.8 μm thick-Ge GOI MIS photodetector. The low-temperature LPD SiO2 was formed on the thin-film Ge instead of the unstable GeO2. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_2363.jpg | What does this image show? | x-ray pelvis showing very nicely bilateral femoral head necrosis renal transplant case |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3996045_F1_283202.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Left: Coronal posterior view of the ten delineated Clinical Target Volume (CTV) breast Computed Tomography (CT) volumes. Right: Coronal view of the ten delineated CTV breast CTMR volumes. The local surface distance variation of the four observers is projected on the median surface of each CTV breast. Colour map: Blue: high agreement between observers; Red: low agreement between observers according to the scale given. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3598804_pone-0057507-g002_192047.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | MRE: selection of region of interest (ROI) in the liver.ROIs are drawn manually on the elastograms, in the lateral part of the right liver lobe while avoiding liver margins and large hepatic vessels. The mean elasticity value within the ROI in this example (Sx GD patient) is 2.3 kPa (colored bar represents kPa). The corresponding stiffness measured with TE was 7.2 kPa. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2684356_F0003_38736.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Photomicrograph shows epithelioid cell granulomas involving ovarian stroma [Figure 3a, H and E, ×40]. Granulomatous inflammation affecting myometrium [Figure 3b, H and E, ×40] and ectocervix [Figure 3c, H and E, ×40 and 3d, H and E, ×100] |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0661.jpg | What is polymyositis characterized by? | endomysial inflammatory infiltrates and myofiber necrosis |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4212533_F4_330958.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Examples. a) An example navigation result of the lesion tracking software applied to a thoracic lesion (lung metastasis). b) An example navigation result of the lesion tracking software applied to an abdominal lesion (liver metastasis). First row shows the manually marked centre of a target lesion in the baseline CT-scan (red X = reference standard; axial, coronal and sagittal view). Second row shows the manually marked centre of a target lesion in the follow-up CT-scan of the same patient (red X = reference standard; axial, coronal and sagittal view). Third row shows the follow-up CT-scan with the software-based navigation result (yellow crosshair) and the reference standard (red X). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl5s3vz071ua6uggyz6.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3693971_F1_214010.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | 45-year-old woman with HCC in BCS. (a) Contrast-enhanced transverse CT scan showing two large heterogeneous enhanced nodules (⇨) in the right liver during arterial phase and enlarged caudate lobe (⇩), ventral varicosities (⇧), liver cirrhosis and mild ascites. (b) The two nodules were given TACE. (c) The blocked inferior vena cava was given angioplasty. (d) CT scan showing that the nodules were obviously shrinked and obtained stable effect after 4 TACE and 1 angioplasty during the 22-month treatment. Lipiodol was not located equably in the nodules. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4023534_F10_289419.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Representative liver images from SPM-treated mice. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 indicate individual mice (n = 6) bearing 4Tl primary tumors with a diameter of 1–2 mm. Red arrows indicate metastatic foci in the liver. (Scale bar: 200 μm). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01718.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan showing compression of the sigmoid colon (star) by an unencapsulated, homogenous soft tissue mass (white arrows). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3321029_pone-0034763-g002_133135.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Confocal Microscopy of Mitotic Cells Stained for α-Tubulin and the Nucleolar Protein BN46/51.Five examples of progressively later stages of each mitotic stage are presented. Each image is a Z-axis projection of 0.25 µm optical sections through an individual cell. The cell periphery is outlined in white. A. Interphase; B. Prophase; C. Metaphase; D. Anaphase; E. Telophase. F. Selected nuclei of, from left to right, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Bar = 10 µm. Red, BN 46/51; Green, α-tubulin. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl5s3vv071u18ipbr2h.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3922657_F3_266704.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Locations of ICP sensors 1 and 2 on cerebral computer tomography (CT). The CT scans showing the two ICP sensors (ICP1/ICP2) in (a) Patient 1, (b) Patient 2, (c) Patient 3, (d) Patient 4, (e) Patient 5, (f) Patient 6, (g) Patient 7, (h) Patient 8, (i) Patient 9, (j) Patient 10, (k) Patient 11, (l) Patient 12, (m) Patient 13, (n) Patient 14, (o) Patient 15, and (p) Patient 16. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2702901_F0003_40858.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Contrast-enhanced axial CT image showing a neurofibroma along the greater curvature of the stomach along with diffuse thickening of the gastric outlet due to diffuse neurofibromatosis |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08709.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CT chest showing bibasal atelectasis, more prominent on the left. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3022845_F2_84696.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | MI spindles in γTub37C APL10 mutant oocytes. γTub37C APL10 mutant oocytes contained bipolar MI spindles, many of which were normal, resembling those in wild-type (WT) oocytes, although some were frayed (arrow) or had split poles (not shown). Spindles visualized by Ncd-GFP. Bar, 3 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3585964_pone-0055667-g005_189345.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Effects of TIMP-3 peptides on VEGF-mediated actin reorganization.TIMP-3 loop 6 and tail but not loop 5 and N-peptide inhibit VEGF-induced actin reorganization in PAE/KDR cells. Quiescent cells were stimulated with (b,c,g,h,i,m,n,o,r,s) or without (a,d,e,f,j,k,l,p,q) 50 ng/ml VEGF in the presence or absence of increasing concentrations of loop 6 (d-i) and tail peptides (j-o) or 20 µM loop 5 (q,s) or N-peptides (p,r) for 30 min at 37°C. Cells were permeabilized and stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-phalloidin, as described under “Materials and Methods”. The arrows indicate membrane edge ruffling in the stimulated cells. Magnification, ×1000. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4506913_fig4_407403.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Routine histology of lesion: low-power (a) and higher power (b) photomicrographs. Note the stratified squamous nonkeratinized cystic epithelium lining the lesion and the surrounding subacutely inflamed fibrous connective tissue (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification: (a) ×40; (b) ×100). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4110236_F2_308715.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Histologic and immunohistochemistry findings of pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH). (A) Multi-nodular PSH, with fibrous septae dividing different nodules. (B) Various histologic patterns of PSH (papillary, sclerotic, solid and hemorrhagic) (H&E stain, original magnification, (A) × 20, (B) × 40). (C) Characteristic immunostaining profile of PSH, both surface cells and round stromal cells are positive for epithelial marker epithelial membrane antigen (left panel) and thyroid transcription factor-1 (right panel), but only surface cells are positive for pancytokeratin (another epithelial marker) (middle panel) (Polymer method; original magnification, ×100). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2813592_F0002_55795.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Photograph showing the hypopyon corneal ulcer and vascularized scar on the right. Trichophyton mentagrophytes in Sabouraud's media on the left |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2337.jpg | Is candida in peripheral blood present? | yes |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4381512_Fig5_373901.jpg | Describe the image concisely. |
Photomicrograph of excisional biopsy of nodule from forearm. A. Several well-formed granulomas with caseous necrosis (hematoxylin and eosin stain, ×50). B. Inset showing central caseous necrosis surrounded by epithelioid cells, lymphocytes and plasma cells (hematoxylin and eosin stain, ×400). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2911760_F4_70063.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Electron microscopy of lung parenchyma. Animals were randomly assigned to hypovolemia (HYPO), normovolemia (NORMO) or hypervolemia (HYPER) with recruitment maneuver (RM-CPAP) or not (NR). Type II pneumocyte (PII) as well as alveolar capillary membrane were damaged in all acute lung injury groups. Note that the alveolar-capillary membrane is less damaged in the HYPO-RM-CPAP group (ellipse) compared with the other groups. In NORMO-RM-CPAP, there was a detachment of alveolar capillary membrane (arrow). In HYPER-RM-CPAP, note that alveolar compartmentalization is lost with disorganization of the alveolar cellular components. Photomicrographs are representative of data obtained from lung sections derived from six animals. EN, endothelial cell. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4253620_Fig3_341181.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented |
Chest radiography. A: A follow-up chest radiograph showed opacities in the bilateral lung remaining at 12 months of age. B: Chest radiography at 15 months showed nearly complete resolution of opacities with residual extensive spots of calcification. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4492102_Fig6_403139.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Analysis of KNAT2p:GUS reporter construct in rpk1-7 background. Shown are wild-type a and monocot rpk1-7
b with GUS stain in the SAM (arrow), SAM-less monocot rpk1-7 seedlings c-j with weak GUS expression (c), with variably extended GUS expression in the presumptive SAM position (d-h; arrowheads) and the cotyledon (f-h; short lines) and with an eSM in the cotyledon j. Insets show details as magnifications. C: marks cotyledon in a-c and j. Scale bars: 1 mm |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4176905_fig2_322873.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | (a) Esophageal biopsy from EGD 2012 showing focal ulceration and patchy acute and chronic esophagitis suggestive of Crohn's disease (routine hematoxylin and eosin staining, magnification ×100). (b) Gastric biopsy from EGD 2012 showing patchy and deep “focally enhancing” gastritis with cryptitis suggestive of Crohn's disease (routine hematoxylin and eosin staining, magnification ×200). (c) Duodenal biopsy from EGD 2012 showing patchy chronic duodenitis with cryptitis and lymphohistiocytic aggregate (routine hematoxylin and eosin staining, magnification ×200). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3503285_fig2_167486.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Patient with grade I. (a) CT scan view; (b) occlusal view; (c) dental X-ray. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3661517_pone-0065147-g004_206255.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Representative illustration of TUNEL staining in cardiomyocytes apoptosis.(A) Nuclei with brown staining were TUNEL-positive cell, which was defined as apoptotic cell. Magnification at 400 ×. (B) Statistical analysis of cardiomyocytes apoptosis (n = 8). *P<0.05 compared with control group; @P<0.05 compared with model group; #P<0.05 compared with model+GdCl3 group; &P<0.05 compared with control group. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4464411_f6-mmr-12-02-1829_395769.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Expression of MMP-3 in the periodontal tissue in the diabetes group. MMP-3 was positively expressed in (A) the gingival epithelial layer, (B) the granular layer and stratum spinosum, (C) fibroblasts, (D) alveolar bone cells, (E) the cytoplasm of bone marrow stromal cells and (F) the gingival epithelial basal layer. Magnification, ×400. MMP, matrix metalloproteinase. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic42118.jpg | what is the plane? | sagittal |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3384910_fig5_143034.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Apical 4-chamber view. (a) The white broken line indicates M-mode cursor placement at the tricuspid lateral annulus. Representative M-mode image of the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in a patient with normal right and left ventricular function. The absolute longitudinal displacement measure is shown as the red line. The yellow arrow marks the upper and lower measure point of one centimeter (cm). (b) Representative M-mode image of the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in a 17-year-old patient with TOF and a decreased TAPSE. The absolute longitudinal displacement measure is shown as the red line. The green arrow shows the decreased TAPSE value and flat course of the excursion. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3866881_fig1_252657.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | MRI findings at initial presentation (upper row) and follow-up (lower row). (a)-(b) Axial FLAIR images, taken at the levels of the hippocampi, mid lateral ventricles, and centrum semiovale, demonstrate confluent areas of abnormal high signal in the deep white matter with sparing of the subcortical white matter and overlying cortex. (d)-(e) Axial FLAIR images, at similar levels to (a)-(b), demonstrate marked decrease in the abnormal signal in the cerebral white matter. (c) shows small areas of restricted diffusion in the left greater than right medial parietal and bilateral frontal lobes, with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) correlation (f). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3368743_F3_140699.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Variation of fluorescence color of the onion cells labeled by the NPs via vapor phase. Fluorescence images of the onion cells situated at different vertical distances from the colloidal suspension of NPs. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3144244_pone-0022712-g008_103600.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Aβ immunodetection in the cerebral vessels of young and aged wild-type and transgenic mice.Immunohistochemistry against Aβ of coronal sections from each of the age/genotype different groups. Scale bar: 11 µm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC1065316_F4_1620.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Immunohistochemistry of CXCR5 in the intima and postcapillary venules in rheumatoid arthritis synovia. (a) CD68+ cells in the intima. (b) Serial section to (a) stained for CXCR5. Note the colocalization of CXCR5 and CD68 to the same group of cells. (c) and (d) Sections from the same region as (a) and (b), treated with isotype-matched control immunoglobulin instead of CD68 and CXCR5 antibodies, respectively. (e) Postcapillary venule positive for CXCR5 within a lymphoid aggregate. Labelling was revealed using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine substrate. (f) Isotype control for (e). (a), (b), (e) and (f) Original magnification, 420 ×; (c) and (d) original magnification, 350 ×. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2885493_fig6_66107.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | IL-6 response to typhoid vaccine predicts enhanced neural activation within left substantia nigra during Stroop task performance. (A) fMRI analysis revealed heightened BOLD activity within left substantia nigra during performance of the cognitive Stroop task in the vaccine condition (threshold p < .001, illustrated at p < .005 uncorrected). (B) Scatter plot illustrating the relationship between substantia nigra activity (BOLD response within an 8 mm region of interest centered on the peak voxel at MNI −12, −2, −8) and mean IL-6 response to typhoid vaccine (p = .005). BOLD, blood oxygenation level-dependent; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; IL-6, interleukin-6; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvf90m0074y2jgrem7x.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1549.jpg | What does this image show? | opened abdominal cavity show typical carcinomatosis |
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