image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qu1f9f08328qiu964f.jpg | Have all polyps been removed? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3499163_F2_166207.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Detection of live-dead bacteria by confocal microscopy. Observation by confocal microscopy of L. brevis IOEB 9809 after gastric stress to pH 5.0 in absence of BA precursors (A) or in presence of: agmatine (B), tyrosine (C) or agmatine plus tyrosine (D). Green cells represent live bacteria, while red cells are bacteria with damaged membrane. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3561373_pone-0053183-g010_183157.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Abnormal circulation of the blood in ctnnb1Δex3 adult heart.(A) Ultrasound analysis showing an open Tyr::Cre; ctnnb1Δex3/+ (ctnnb1Δex3) DA. (B) Enlargement of (A) showing the DA. (C) Ultrasound analysis of a ctnnb1Δex3 patent foramen ovale. (D) Shunting through the foramen ovale as observed by echo Doppler analysis in ctnnb1Δex3 mice. (E) The foramen ovale remains open in ctnnb1Δex3 hearts. Note the presence of pigmented cells. LA: left atrium, RA: right atrium, Ao: aorta, RVOT: right ventricle outflow tract, DA: ductus arteriosus. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_53018.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Computed tomography of the chest: An esophageal tumor, which appears to compress the membranous portion of the trachea, is considered to be indicative of advanced esophageal cancer as an en bloc mass with lymph node metastasis |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4477210_fig1_399013.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Cardiac MR (CMR) with and without contrast. T1 weighted dark blood image on 4-chamber view showed an isointense mass in left atrium with wall thickening along its posterior wall (a). Infiltrative nature of mass is noted in the form of hyperintense thickening of posterior wall of left atrium on T2 weighted dark blood image on 4-chamber view (b). Central T2 hypointensity, which is a common finding in RDD, can be seen in our case (c). Homogenous postcontrast enhancement is seen on delayed postcontrast 4-chamber view. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy with similar signal intensity as cardiac mass is seen on fat-suppressed postcontrast axial image (d). Lymphadenopathy is more marked in aortopulmonary window station. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3334663_F4_134706.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Coronal and axial micro-CT images of an MIA-injected tibia at two weeks (a), six weeks (b) and ten weeks (c) post injection, together with a control tibia at ten weeks (d). The MIA-injected tibia showed altered subchondral bone architecture, with sclerosis on the medial tibial compartment (M) (indicated by arrow) at six and ten weeks after injection, whereas the control tibia showed no sclerosis at ten weeks. Micro-CT, micro-computed tomography; MIA, monosodium iodoacetate. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3674597_F5_209358.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Typical histological changes after injections of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (c,d), platelet-poor plasma (PPP)-releasate (e,f), or platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-releasate (g,h). On safranin-O-stained sections, a moderate-to-severe degeneration was observed in the PBS (c,d) and PPP (e,f) groups. In the PRP group, the increasing number of chondrocyte-like cells which appeared as large cells encircled with pericellular matrix densely stained with safranin-O were found in the nucleus pulposus (h). The histology of the non-punctured control (L3/4) is shown in (a,b). (b,d,f,h) are magnification images of the area indicated by a square (a,c,e,g), respectively. Scale bars: 1 mm (a,c,e,g) and 5 μm (b,d,f,h). Asterisk indicates osteophyte formation. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_68464.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Chest MRI showed a cystic mass with multiple septa and calcification in apex of heart with bulging in pericardia and local thickening of pericardium due to very late lesion (Coronal view) (Source: Shahid Rajaie Hospital MRI center, Tehran, Iran) |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2820463_F2_56537.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Microscopic appearance of the lesion. Pronounced degenerative changes including myxoid stroma, haemorrhage, conspicuous blood vessels with hyaline thickening of walls and luminal thrombosis (H&E ×20) |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1193.jpg | What was talc used, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency? | used to sclerose emphysematous lung |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2629579_pgen-1000366-g006_33029.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Mapped B. anynana pigmentation mutants.Ventral surface of fore- (top) and hind-wing (bottom) of adult butterflies from different laboratory stocks: (A) “wildtype”, and mutants (B) Bigeye with all eyespots enlarged, (C) 067 with hindwing eyespots 6 and 7 enlarged, (D) Spotty with two extra eyespots on forewing, (E) Cyclops with fused eyespots, (F) Goldeneye with golden scales replacing the typically black scales of the eyespot mid-ring, and (G) Band with lighter distal wing half. Top view of a fifth and final instar larvae of different laboratory stocks: (H) “wildtype”, and (I) Chocolate mutant with dark-brown integument. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4677256_fig8_453212.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Coimmunostaining processes reveal the parallel decrease of frizzled-4 with other neural markers in Hirschsprung's disease. Immunofluorescence for frizzled-4 (Fzd4, red) in combination with p75NTR, nestin, peripherin, and GFAP (green) on cryostat sections from large intestine diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease (sample number 10); cell nuclei were visualized with DAPI (blue). Fluorescence views were taken from normoganglionic, hypoglanglionic, and aganglionic area, respectively; scale bar: 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3813792_f1-ol-06-05-1521_240280.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Computed tomography (CT)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) probe in the right supraclavicular soft-tissue mass (diameter, 6×7 cm). The scan was taken with the patient in the prone position. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3223146_F5_116761.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Endoscopy: mass occluding 70% of the tracheal lumen. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2278156_F3_19892.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Pre- and post-treatment CT scans at the level of the carina. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3485493_fig3_163069.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Open lung biopsy performed on day 6 (HES × 50): lesions of bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing fibroblastic polyps in alveoli. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_29140.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Parasternal long-axis view demonstrating a laminar flow from the LV to the interventricular septum (red arrow). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_liver/train_2874.jpg | What is present ? | liver |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3471896_pone-0046762-g012_160283.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Morphological findings.Fundus photographs of the right eye, FAF and spectral domain OCT images of both eyes of six patients illustrating the variability and extent of foveal changes (NOP group: upper three patients, ALP group: lower three patients). Notice the age-related changes, epiretinal gliosis and macular hole formation on the left eye of the RCD307 patient. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4440737_pone.0126346.g003_388783.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | The cross correlation filter suppresses faint lines.(a) original. The lines in question are discernible to the human eye but contrast is low. (b) normalized cross correlation. Contrast is greatly enhanced but faint lines are severed by crossing bright lines (c) line Gaussians. Contrast and overall brightness are enhanced. Especially, faint lines crossing bright lines are not suppressed. A line illustration these findings particularly well is running from the upper left to the lower right. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4557221_Fig1_419871.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | MRI of the spine. Sagittal contrast enhanced T1- weighted image shows a well-circumscribed, ovoid, strong enhancing intradural extramedullary mass at the L3-L4/5 level |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic25438.jpg | what imaging modality was used to take this image? | mr - t1w - noncontrast |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_69899.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | LMCA arising from right sinus revealing type II LAD and critical stenosis in LCx in AP caudal view. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic31660.jpg | which plane is the image shown in? | axial |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4043621_f3-etm-07-06-1647_293944.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | (A) Hematoxylin and eosin stained cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs; magnification, ×100). (B) α-Smooth muscle actin antibody stained VSMCs (streptavidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical staining, magnification, ×100). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_intestine/train_1611.jpg | What is present ? | gastrointestinal |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3432077_pone-0044074-g006_152716.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Segmentation of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) with DTI and CSD based fiber tractography.Segmentation of the SLF in four patients reconstructed with DTI (yellow) and CSD (red) based fiber tractography (FT). Delineation of the SLF resulted in larger and longer pathways with CSD compared to DTI based FT. With the DTI method, fibers of the SLF were more likely to terminate at crossings between the SLF and the cortico-spinal tract in frontal regions and between the SLF and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus in temporal regions. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3906833_fig01_262588.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Electron micrographs showing the morphology of the Bacillus subtilis endospore in the mother cell of strains: (a) LMD104 (wild-type SpoVD-mCherry), (b) LMD101 (lacks SpoVD) and (c) LMD115 (contains Ser294Ala substitution in SpoVD-mCherry). The cortex layer in the spore of LMD104 is indicated by an arrow. In the case of the mutant strains, an arrow indicates lack of cortex. Scale bar is 0.5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2289779_F3_19945.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Anteroposterior radiograph approximately 1 year after injury shows atrophic nonunion of the fracture. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4016158_pone-0096938-g006_287345.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | BMP-7 has potential to partially induce the formation of maxillary supernumerary incisors formation in vitro.Enhanced BMP-7 rescue the formation of maxillary incisor supernumerary tooth in E15 USAG-1 mutant mice in organ culture and subrenal capsule assay. The incisor explants supplemented with BMP-7 in USAG-1+/− (E and H) and USAG-1−/− (F and I) have supernumerary tooth in similar incidence after 20 days of culture, whereas these cultured explants in USAG-1+/+ (D and G) maintained the normal tooth number. (A–C) Explant appearance. (D–F) Coronal and (G–I) sagittal sections of explant. (J–L) Sagittal sections of control explant. (M) Table showing the relationship between number of teeth of explants and USAG-1 phenotypes. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4274686_Fig4_346233.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation |
Initial presentation of Case 2. A typical occult AMD with no classic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the left eye. A, B) Fundus photography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) show subretinal fluid with pigment epithelial detachment at the fovea. C) Fluorescein angiography shows occult CNV (white arrow). D) Indocyanine green angiography shows a small abnormal vascular network (white arrow), which was treated with photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal ranibizumab injection. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3639087_F1_201780.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Histopathological findings of a surgical lung biopsy sample. A. An image showing histological features of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) including dense fibrosis, fibroblast foci (arrows) and only a few nearly normal looking alveolar walls (on the middle). B. Fibroblast foci (arrows) are seen at higher magnification. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1434730_F3_5037.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Viability of cells studied by use of cell tracer. Viable cells (a) dyed by CFDA SE cell tracer, obtained a green fluorescent appearance (b), which were maintained for more than one month. 400 × magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3698349_Fig4_215004.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | A 16-year-old female patient, a, b CT and MR show atlantoaxial dislocation, the spine medulla was compressed by the dens, g the consecutive C2 CT scan spectrum shows that the VAG was type II in both sides; c–e the patient underwent posterior instrumentation with lamina screws on both sides of C2, f 3-month postoperative CT scan showed atlantoaxial dislocation was reduced appropriately |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3348089_F2_136998.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Typical carcinoid. A: Preoperative CT scan demonstrating proximal left main bronchus lesion. B: Surgical field after distal left main bronchus interruption (the tumor growth had been previously debulked by endoscopic Nd:YAG laser ablation). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic56281.jpg | what is the plane of this x-ray? | pa |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_73364.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | A 30-year-old female with respiratory symptoms and proved H1N1 infection.Chest x-ray demonstrates left pleural effusion. Pulmonary segment is also prominent. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03815.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Three-dimensional image showing the loss of vertical dimension and buccolingual expansion of the alveolar bone. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvf90lw074y2dav4gy7.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4616768_F8_435859.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Registration result of 3D MR (gray) and 2D US (red) images of the prostate. (A) Registered 3D MR and 2D US images in 3D view. (B) The registration result (right) of registering US (left) and MR (middle) images in 2D view. 2D = 2-dimensional, 3D = 3-dimensional, MR = magnetic resonance, US = ultrasound. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qu1f9n08329n830vkj.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3984432_F8_280629.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Assessment of the effect of noise on video beating analysis. Varying degrees of speckle noise variance were added to a video for testing noise resistance. A-D: Example images for four noise variance levels are shown: 0, 0.003, 0.005, and 0.015. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4053092_F1_296787.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Histology of patient TNBC samples and corresponding patient-derived orthotopic xenografts. A. H&E staining of patient tumors; B. H&E staining of the corresponding xenograft tumors; C. ER staining of xenograft tumors; D. PR staining of xenograft tumors; and E. HER2 staining of xenograft tumors. Pictures were taken with 200× magnification. The scale bar is 100 μm in length. ER, estrogen receptor; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; PR, progesterone receptor. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4535982_pone.0135605.g001_414485.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Assessment of key elements of the RNAi processing machinery in the mouse epididymis.Adult mouse epididymal sections were dual-labeled with anti-DICER1 and anti-AGO2 antibodies followed by either appropriate anti-rabbit 488 Alexa Fluor (green) or goat anti-rat 594 Alexa Flour-conjugated (red) secondary antibodies, respectively. The tissue sections were then counterstained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and viewed using confocal microscopy. For clarity, DAPI labeling has been omitted from the merged images. E = epididymal epithelium, L = epididymal lumen. Scale bar = 20 μm. These experiments were replicated three times using independent samples from three mice and representative images are shown. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3131252_F5_101533.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | LIMK1 expression correlates with phosphorylation of FAK in focal adhesions of MDA-MB-231 cells. MDA-MB-231 cells expressing GFP-only or various GFP-LIMK1 fusions were fixed and stained with antibodies against phospho-FAK (red), and phalloidin against actin (gold). GFP fluorescence is green in this figure. Images were obtained via fluorescence microscopy (non-confocal). Cellular regions with focal adhesion structures are marked by white arrows in the phospho-FAK images. Scale bar represents 20 microns. Note: non-specific binding of secondary antibody stains nuclei red. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4563903_Fig4_422079.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Microscopic findings of the mass lesion. a The tumor shows a circumscribed tumor composed of scattered and dilated blood space (hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification, ×20). b Stained specimen shows blood vessels lined by normal endothelial cells and round to ovoid cells with round nuclei and acidophilic cytoplasm (hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification, ×200). c Tumor cells are smooth muscle actin–positive (original magnification, ×200) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4540992_fig2_415584.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Immunohistochemical reactivity of deposited material with anti-amyloid A protein, note staining of glomeruli and vascular walls (a). Negative staining of deposited material (consistent with amyloid) silver stain (b). Focal mesangial widening due to deposition of amorphous acellular eosinophilic material consistent with amyloid. Note deposition of amyloid along the hilar arterioles (c). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_77737.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Computed tomography image of sagittal section through an elbow, showing the presence of intra-articular free bodies with ulnar-humeral joint degeneration |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3188931_fig4_111106.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Photomicrograph of IHC on a case of pleura carcinosis from pulmonary adenocarcinoma origin. Hematoxylin–eosin-stained overview (A). No expression of either SP-A or SP-B was observed (data only shown for SP-A; B). Targeting TTF-1 resulted in strong nuclear (C) or cytoplasmic staining for MAdL (D). All images were at × 400 magnification. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4640113_Fig8_442748.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Effect of ES on renal AGEs accumulation in STZ-induced diabetic rats by immunochemistry. Representative photomicrographs of the renal in different groups. Magnification: ×200 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4616351_F4_435538.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Fibrous dysplasia of right 10th costal bone in a 60-year-old man, MDCT was done because of abnormality on chest radiographs. Accuracies for diagnosis for all observers and image types were 100%. (A) Axial CT images show that a diffuse ground-glass appearance and rind lesions. (B) Oblique axial multiplanar images showed almost the whole costal bone is involved, and the lesions appearance were more typical than axial CT. (C, D) 3D-volume-rendering images with more transparency and more opacity, confirmed diffuse ground-glass appearance and rind lesions. CT = computed tomography, 3D = 3-dimensional, MDCT = multidetector CT. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4256894_Fig2_341967.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner |
Radiofrequency ablation after transarterial chemoembolization was performed on the same patient with 6-cm HCC after initial TACE treatment. (A) CT scan after TACE treatment shows lipiodol uptake in the central aspect of the lesion. (B) Contrast-enhanced MRI scan at 4 weeks after RFA shows complete tumor necrosis without arterial enhancement within the lesion. (C) Contrast-enhanced MRI scan at 6 months after combination treatment shows no tumor recurrence in the liver. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4285740_F10_348872.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Visual assessment of the effect of noise on MK maps. The MK map that was calculated from the full dataset (SNR100) was used as pseudo ground truth and compared to MK maps, which were calculated with 50% of the original data (original SNR25) and 50% of the denoised data (msPOAS SNR25) data. Arrows highlight tissue boundaries, which were less distinctive for low-SNR data and better after processing with msPOAS. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4124768_fig6_312164.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Assessment of new extracellular matrix formation in the samples implanted. Representative light microscopy of sections of abdominal wall of female Sprague-Dawley rat after 3 days of implantation of PLA scaffold on top, previously cultured with and without (control) rat or human ADSCs in DMEM medium for 2 weeks; following immunohistochemistry for anti-collagen I and anti-collagen III antibodies, or Sirius red staining. Scale bars of 0.2 mm for images from 3 days implantation and 0.1 mm for images from 7 days implantation. (S) Sample; (F) Fascia; and (SM) Skeletal Muscle. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_prostate/train_2512.jpg | What hypertrophied bladder? | large gland |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4685197_f3_454788.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Series of immunostained EC tissue sections probed by EpCAM aptamer SYL3C-CY3.Normal, borderline, cancer nest and metastatic tissues from the same EC patient were made into a series of paraffin-embedded tissue sections. (a) H&E staining; (b) SYL3C-CY3 staining; (c) SYL3C-CY3 + DAPI staining; (d) Random sequences for negative control. The fluorescence signal of SYL3C-CY3-stained tissue sections increased from borderline to cancer nest to metastatic tissue, while normal tissue was negative. Images were obtained using light microscopy with 200× magnification. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3277500_pone-0031182-g003_125359.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | sLORETA contrast analysis between Females with tinnitus versus Female controls (p<.05).Increased neural synchronization within Beta1 (13–18 Hz; Top Panel) and Beta2 (18.5–21 Hz; Bottom Panel) in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; BA10 and BA11). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4444308_pone.0126006.g008_389521.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Meristems in wus phb phv cna plants.(A, B) Dissected wus seedlings imaged by SEM reveal no meristem-like structures. (C-F) Dissected wus phb phv cna seedlings reveal meristem-like structures (C,E—arrows). At higher magnification, meristem structures similar to wild-type are observed (D,F; c.f, Fig 4A). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4498759_pone.0132331.g002_405111.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | MRI of Batten disease and control sheep.MRI sections (T2) at baseline of a typical unaffected control (A, C, E, G) and a Batten disease affected sheep (B, D, F, H) in sagittal (A-B), horizontal (C-D) and coronal views at two different levels (E-H). Significant brain atrophy is evident in the affected sheep, particularly in the cortex, with concomitant enlargement of the ventricles. Scale bar is 1cm. Abbreviations: Fr frontal cortex, Th thalamus, Pa parietal cortex, LV lateral ventricles, Occ occipital cortex, Cb cerebellum, Cd caudate, Pu putamen, H hippocampus, Te temporal lobe. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4557590_f10-cln_70p654_420040.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Disseminated parenchymal neurocysticercosis in a 23-year-old man with intractable epilepsy and multiple epileptic foci (video-EEG). A) An axial T2 FLAIR sequence showing multiple vesicular cysts, some with scolex inside (white arrows). B) An axial T2 FLAIR image revealing perilesional edema in the right frontal lobe (white arrow). C) An axial TC shows multiple calcified lesions. These findings characterize the different phases of neurocysticercosis, which are pathognomonic of this disease. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2198907_F2_16054.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | A 17-year-old female, PUMC Ic type. Preoperative X-ray showed a 52° left lumbar curve with the apex at L1,2 disc(A, B). The interspace angle between L3 and L4 was -5°. On the right Bending film, the interspace angle was 0°(C). On the left Bending film, it was still -5°(D), and T12-L1and L2,3 disc didn't open, so the fusion should include T12 to L3. Postoperative films showed a good correction and the interspace angle improved to 0° (E, F). Nine months later, there were some loss of the correction and the interspace angle increased to 7° (G, H). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4577496_Fig1_425315.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Comparison of chest X-rays before (a) and after (b) the surgical procedure confirmed an adequate positioning of the lead |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2779104_pone-0008080-g008_51174.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Alteration of oligodendrocytes cytoplasm by 25-OH and Dex.Transmission electron micrographs of 158N cells incubated or not with 25OH (10−5 M) and/or Dex (10−6 M) during 24 h (A) or 48 h (B). The cells were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2) for 1 h at 4°C and TEM was performed. Insets: magnification showing representative mitochondria. By comparison with controls, mitochondria cristae seem to disappear. They partly lost their normal structure (arrows). Scale bar = 2 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4022789_F6_289317.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Fissure detection results. (a) axial view for left lung. (b) sagittal view for left lung; (c) coronal view for left lung; (d) 3D view for left lung; (e) axial view for right lung; (f) sagittal view for right lung; (g) coronal view for right lung; (h) 3D view for right lung. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3977959_pone-0093906-g004_279267.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Normal mucosal tissue (H&E 200x).4-2 Confocal Raman microscopy image of a normal mucosal tissue section. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3819914_fig1_241586.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Coronal CT image showing a vascular tangle (arrow) in the left kidney. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4539668_Fig3_415389.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Hematoxylin and eosin stained (purple and red) rat’s myocardium. The cardiomyocytes size and quantity were increased in DCM rats compared with control rats, whereas it was obviously alleviated in the valsartan-treated diabetic rats than DCM rats (×400). Masson’s trichrome staining of rat’s myocardium revealed that the collagen deposition was obviously enhanced in the myocardium of diabetic rats than control rats; however, the myocardial fibrosis was markedly decreased in the valsartan-treated rats than DCM rats (×400) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3439393_pone-0045017-g004_154172.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Immunohistochemical labeling of astrocytes (GFAP/S100B) in adult organotypic brain slices.GFAP (red), S100B (green) and cell nuclei (Hoechst, blue) in the somatosensory cortex (layer VI) of cultivated brain slices (200 µm) of adult wild type P301S mice. A–C: tissue fixed on 1st DIV; D–F: tissue fixed on 7th DIV; A, D: GFAP; B, E: S100B; C, F: merged images of GFAP, S100B and Hoechst. Scale bar 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3248470_pgen-1002418-g004_120629.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Multiple class B synMuv mutations have similar effects on lin-3 mRNA expression.FISH of lin-3 mRNA in late L2 to early L3 animals. Each dot represents a single mRNA molecule [42]. lin-3 mRNAs are shown in red, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of nuclei is shown in blue. The images shown are maximum intensity projections of a z-stack of images. The anchor cell (AC) is indicated by an arrowhead in each panel. Each mutant displayed ectopic lin-3 mRNA expression throughout the animal in most if not all tissues. (A) lin-36(n766); lin-15A(n767). (B) lin-52(n771); lin-15A(n767). (C) lin-53(n833); lin-15A(n767). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3874323_fig2_254514.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Biodistribution of ZM4-IR-dye. Three mice (1, 2, 3) were analyzed at 12 (a), 24 (b), 48 (c), and 72 (d) hours post ZM4-IR single administration. Fluorescence was visualized using the Odyssey Infrared Imaging System. Green fluorescence represents the IR signal (~800 nm) associated to the nanoparticle. The signal appears localized to the abdominal region (intestine) of the mouse. (e) Mice located on the mouse pod of the Odyssey scanner. (f) The image shows the absence of fluorescence signal in mdx untreated mice. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qy1ffn08328rh441qx.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-center |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qr1f4r08323y3d4mne.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Lower-left, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4277420_pone-0115876-g006_347015.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | The regional distribution of [125I]WYE-230949 uptake in rat brain sections.Ex vivo autoradiograms show the distribution and regional levels of radioactivity in the tissue at 30 or 120 min after administration of [125I]WYE-230949. In vitro autoradiograms show total and non-specific binding following incubation with 5 nM [125I]WYE-230949 or 5 nM [125I]WYE-230949+5 µM iodophenpropit respectively. Note the relatively low level of binding in the cerebellum, the reference region used to calculate region of interest specific binding ratios presented in Table 1 with higher binding in the substantia nigra, nucleus accumbens, choroid plexus and pineal gland. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3386891_F2_143307.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Pericyte culture. A: A phase-contrast micrograph of porcine brain microvascular pericytes from the different genotypes (NN, Nn and nn). Scale bar = 100 μm. B- Fluorescence micrograph of the same pericytes stained for alpha-smooth muscle actin. Scale bar = 50 μm. C- Fluorescence micrograph of brain porcine pericytes after nerve-glial antigen 2 (NG2) immunostaining. The three genotypes exhibited the same morphological and immunocytochemical features. Scale bar = 50 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3233431_f5-ijms-12-07692_118507.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Subcellular localization of TaHO1 by transient expression of the fused fluorescent proteins. Microscopic images of GFP (A and D), chloroplast autofluorescence (B and E), and merge (C and F) from tobacco epidermal cells infected with Agrobacteria harboring the GFP constructs. GFP fused to TaHO1 transit peptide (A–C, scale bar = 20 μm) and GFP alone (negative control, D–F, scale bar = 25 μm). The photographs were taken in the blue channel (A and D), red channel (B and E), or their combination (C and F). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic55822.jpg | what organ system is evaluated primarily? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3404020_F3_146356.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | The MT examinations (×200) of the liver sections in rats. (a) Normal group; (b) CCl4-treated group; (c) Matrine + CCl4; (d) Salvianolic acid B + CCl4; (e), (f) and (g) are Matrine salvianolic acid B salt group treated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg respectively; (h) Positive-drug + CCl4. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4219041_Fig19_332591.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail |
Type 3B MR and TEE assessment. A: Due to a right coronary artery myocardial infarction, this patient had an inferolateral wall motion abnormality with restricted motion of the posterior leaflet. This resulted in severe posteriorly directed MR. B: At 120 degrees the MR originates from the A2/P2 scallops. C: The degree of tethering should be recorded by measuring the tenting height (coaptation depth) and the area subtended between the mitral leaflets and the white line that connects the mitral annulus. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2747442_F0003_46546.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Axial contrast-enhanced CT scans show multiple, hypodense, focal lesions in both lobes of the liver with fatty attenuation (arrows) |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3542926_fig2_178569.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | There is a second saccular-type aneurysm originating at the posterior cerebral artery segment of the left internal carotid artery. The width of the aneurysm fundus measures 8 mm; the aneurysm neck measures 2.7 mms; the neck-to-dome distance measures 8 mm. The long axis of the aneurysm projects inferomedially. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3224839_f8_117236.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Viability Staining of LECs cultivated over PCL nanofibers. A: LECs depicted high ratio of viable cells as demonstrated by positive green staining. Phase contrast micrograph shows that LECs are migrating from the periphery of viable limbal explant (white arrowhead; 40× magnification). B: LECs cultivated on electrospun nanofibers shows confluent viable cell sheet at 100× magnification. C: Confocal microscopy depicted LESCs infiltrated the nanofibers and formed viable 3D corneal epithelium, positive viability staining (green) nanofibers (gray). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2075.jpg | Is hematologic present? | yes |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4620757_F5_437504.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | A-B, Microscopic appearances of the tumor, showing a polymorphic infiltrate of histocytes and a multinucleated giant cell embedded in the fibrotic stroma. Xanthomatous foamy cells and lymphocytes were also noted, but there was no mitotic figure and no villous projection of the synovium (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×100, ×400). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4377000_Fig4_372514.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description |
Histological appearance of tumor (H&E). A Microscopic appearance of the tissue specimen dissected from the fibula lesion shows a vaguely lobulated neoplastic hyaline cartilage separated by fibrous bands and focal myxoid change (×40). B High-power photomicrograph shows the enlarged tumor cells with moderate grade of atypia and exhibits multiple, enlarged grotesque nuclei. Mitoses can be seen (×200). C The tumor cells were seen in the Volkman canal (×200). D, E High-power photomicrograph of the tissue specimen from the needle biopsy of ilium shows a cartilaginous lesion with hypercellularity and cytologic atypia (×100, ×200, respectively). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3168445_Fig2_107565.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Seven weeks later, the degree of vascular sheathing, beading, and tortuosity has decreased, while intraretinal hemorrhage and exudate have increased in both eyes (a and b). Early-phase fluorescein angiography, right eye (c) and left eye (e), shows a blocking defect by retinal hemorrhage, vascular occlusion, and aneurysmal changes. Early frames of the nasal retina of the right eye (d) and left eye (f) show vascular leakage and global areas of non-perfusion |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3912197_pone-0087980-g002_263704.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Histopathological changes shown by H&E staining in collected brains from mice infected with GD201008-001 at 20 h.p.i.me = meninges;mi = microglia;gn = glial nodules;hc = Hippocampus;nf = nerve fibers. (A) Prominent meningeal hemorrhage and erythrocyte aggregation in the meninges (400×). (B) Microglial cells showing an increase in the number and volume. Glial nodules were distributed (400×). (C) Lytic and necrotic hippocampus (400×). (D) Nerve fibers showing severe damage (400×). (E) and (F) No histopathological changes in sham infection control (injected with PBS) (400×). Scale bar = 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4385645_fig1_375067.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Photomicrophotograph of lymph node biopsy shows paracortical necrosis, histiocytes, apoptotic bodies, and nuclear dust (karyorrhexis). CD3 and CD20 immunostains demonstrate the reactive population of lymphoid cells including both B cells (CD20 immunopositive) and T cells (CD3 immunopositive). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4579069_pgen.1005533.g005_425845.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Enhanced Met expression levels in Del-R26
Met myoblasts does not perturb activation of downstream signalling effectors.Limb transverse sections of E10.5 control and Del-R26
Met embryos showing the distribution of phospho-Met (on Tyr1234–1235), phospho-Akt, phospho-ERKs (red) and of Pax3 protein (green) in myoblasts. Note ectopic phospho-Met in limb mesenchyme (arrowheads) and in non-migrating myoblasts (arrows) in Del-R26
Met mutants. Asterisks indicate non-specific staining in blood cells. Scale: 100μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2189.jpg | Where is this? | oral |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3261205_pone-0030341-g004_122470.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Widespread distribution in the brains of dogs following either intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intrathecal (IT) administration.
(A) I2S immunohistochemical staining of the cerebral cortex of vehicle control dogs was negative. Representative fluorescent immunohistochemical images showed uptake of I2S in the neurons of both ICV-dosed (C,D,F,H) and IT-dosed (C,E,G,I) dogs. I2S was detected in neurons in the deep internal layer of the cerebral cortex (B,C), Purkinje cells of the cerebellum (D,E) and neurons in the hippocampus (F,G) and thalamus (H,I). Green, I2S; blue, DAPI-stained nuclei. Scale bar: 25 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2712474_F3_41775.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Thoracic computed tomography scan demonstrating hydropneumopericardium (air and contrast material filling the pericardial sac) and bilateral pleural effusions. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4342079_Fig2_362779.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor antigens expression and T cell infiltration. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Melan-A/MART-1 and HMB-45/gp100 stainings in pre- (November 2011) and post- (April 2012) sunitinib tumor lesions. (B) Analysis of infiltrating immune T cells (CD3 and CD8) in sunitinib-treated tumor. Higher magnification in a shows area of pathologic tumor regression associated with lymphocyte infiltration; Bottom panels show CD3 and CD8 stainings; square b reports the high magnification of area infiltrated by CD8+ T cells. All scale bars indicate 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4593541_pntd.0004128.g004_429720.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | 72h post-blood meal.At this time point, colonization of the fly species appeared different, where B. bacilliformis were observed at relatively high density in locations outside the abdominal midgut of L. verrucarum, but not L. longipalpis. B. bacilliformis was found in the thoracic midgut (A-B) as well as the ileum (C-D) of L. verrucarum. B. bacilliformis colonization of L. longipalpis was limited to the abdominal midgut (E-H) and bacteria appeared to be digested along with the blood meal. Image pairs were acquired with fluorescence (GFP) or phase contrast (PC) microscopy. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3534041_pone-0053306-g007_176162.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Pathological finding of edematous stroma and thrombus formation (hematoxylin and eosin staining; original magnification, ×100). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3162532_F1_106525.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Macroscopic and microscopic images. A: macroscopic image of the ectopic liver, fused with the spleen. B: microscopic image of the ectopic liver (right), fused with the spleen (left). The organs are separated by the splenic capsule and loose connective tissue (12.5×, metering bar = 200 μm). C: microscopic image of the liver biopsy showing mild hepatocellular adenomatosis (10×, metering bar = 200 μm). D: microscopic image of the HCC (right) and the parent adenoma (left). The broad trabeculae and increased nuclear pleomorphism can be easily appreciated in the HCC (200×, metering bar = 100 μm). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00028.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Magnetic resonance T2 weighted image showing foraminal extensions of the cysts |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3366936_pone-0038348-g008_140393.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Blockade of 14.7K-mediated TNFR1 internalization persists in optineurin-knockdown cells.Confocal microscopy of H1299 parental or H1299 14.7K expressing cells 48 h after transfection with 100 pmol optineurin-specific or control siRNA. Cells were labeled with biotin-TNF/strepavidin-FITC complexes for one hour on ice and analyzed immediately for TNFR1 internalization (pictures A, C, E, G) or shifted to 37°C for another hour before microscopy (pictures B, D, F, H). Pictures were acquired using a Zeiss LSM 510, magnification 630-fold. A representative experiment of three independent experiments is shown. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2763.jpg | Does this image show thermal burned skin? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4689044_Fig2_455699.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | X-ray of the left knee (lateral view), taken at the first out-patient presentation |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4316975_f1-etm-09-03-0860_355521.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Case 1. (A) Thyroid ultrasonography showing a 30×25×21 mm3 heterogeneous hypoechoic mass with hyperechoic spots. (B) Thyroid ultrasonography showing the mass with interval vascular flow. (C) Cytological findings of the fine-needle aspiration revealed no follicular cells, only a mixture of various inflammatory cells (hematoxylin-eosin stain; magnification, ×200). |
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