image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glxs527071u2rngfl7r.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | Yes |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3686060_fig9_212062.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | (a) Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image demonstrates a ring-enhancing glioblastoma in the left parietal lobe with avid increase of rCBV (b) extending beyond the extent of the contrast enhancement. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3639886_F1_202157.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of the orbit with gadolinium infusion and fat suppression. (A) Coronal image taken at initial presentation showing a mass involving the right orbital space and extending into the ethmoidal sinus. The mass is displacing the globe. A small mass is also shown in the left orbital space. (B) Coronal image showing reduction of the pseudotumor 12 weeks after treatment. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_2679.jpg | Is atrophy present? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1388236_F1_4719.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Endothelial microstructure. Rat mesenteric artery incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.4 ml/L, A, B and C) or DSP (0.4 ml/L, E, F and G) for 24 hrs. Human MCA incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.8 ml/L, D) or DSP (0.8 ml/l, H) for 12 hrs. Magnification: × 3000 for A and E; × 5000 for B, F, D and H; × 10000 for C and G. EC = endothelial cells; SMC = smooth muscle cells; EM = elastic membrane. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4037580_fig3_292633.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | CEU perfusion images of ischemic skeletal muscle were performed at 4 weeks after ligation, showing the corresponding pulsing intervals (PI) versus signal intensity from the animals in the 3 treatment groups. There was a stronger and faster contrast enhancement in VEGF treatment group. Adapted from [22]. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4504137_Figure1_406532.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Light and EM. a: Normal glomerulus showing open capillary loops, thin delicate basement membranes, and no significant hypercellularity. No segmental scars were identified (400×, PAS stain). b: Interstitial inflammation and tubular damage (400×, H&E stain). c: CD3 predominant T-cell interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrate with areas of tubulitis (arrow) (400×, CD3 immunohistochemical stain). d: Severe foot process effacement (podocyte fusion) (arrow) (Electron Microscopy). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4220687_F2_332951.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Ultra-high field (7T) T1-weighted (A,D,G), T2-weighted (B,E,H), and susceptibility-weighted (C,F,I) images at different levels. Adopted with permission from Abosch et al. (2010). The susceptibility-weighted images show the highest detail followed by the T2-weighted images. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3009655_F10_82170.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Imago of stage W3. Overview (A) and detailed images of different optical sections (B - E) of the midgut of another worker several months of age (W3) by confocal laser scanning microscopy (for further information regarding the composition of the figure see legend of Fig. 1). The number of bacteriocytes is strongly reduced as compared to the worker (W3) shown in Fig. 9. Bacteria present in other cell types than bacteriocytes can be observed (e.g. white arrow in figure part C). Green label: The Blochmannia specific probe Bfl172-FITC; red label: SYTO Orange 83. The scale bars correspond to 220 μM (A) and 35 μM (B - E), respectively. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4300775_Fig2_351502.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image |
A case of hematogenous pyogenic spinal infection
. (A) Preoperative lateral radiograph showed obvious disc space narrowing with endplate erosion at L4-5, and focal kyphosis (B) MRI revealed L4-5 infectious spondylodiscitis. (C) Postoperative lateral radiograph demonstrated the presence of anterior interbody fusion with allograft and percutaneous posterior pedicle screw. (D) Postoperative lateral view at two-year follow-up revealed bone union without progression in focal kyphosis. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glas44n071u28gw6bch.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05314.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Figure 1 |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1ps1e130832e6zr6ypo.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3160144_fig3_105818.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, all these nodules were not showing any uptake of the tracer. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1579.jpg | Is gastrointestinal present? | yes |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic46389.jpg | what is the modality of this image? | mr - other pulse seq. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuw8zss074ye8pcfvyc.jpg | Where in the image is the anatomical landmark? | Center, Center-left, Center-right, Lower-center, Lower-left, Lower-rigth |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4480854_pone.0125930.g007_399895.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Confocal laser scanning microscopy images showing the viability (a) and distribution of the actin cytoskeleton (b) of chondrocytes cultured in vitro with different concentrations of JEZ-C, GA and SMZ for 6 d: JEZ-C (A. 6.25×10−7 μg/ml; B. 6.25×10−6 μg/ml; C. 6.25×10−5 μg/ml), Control (D. without IL-1β), GA (E. 0.078 μg/ml; F. 0.125 μg/ml; G. 0.156 μg/ml), SMZ (H. 6.25×10−6 μg/ml; I. 6.25×10−5 μg/ml; J. 6.25×10−4 μg/ml); cell seeding density: 2×104/ml (original magnification ×100).Scale bar = 200 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3915853_fig3_264830.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The immunofluorescent microscopy analysis of the T-PRF and L-PRF fibrin network structure. (A) The mature and dense T-PRF fibrin network with small gaps (g). (B) The mature and dense L-PRF fibrin network with large gaps (g) between the fibrin meshwork. The magnifications (G) are indicated in each panel. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4023246_F2_289388.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | SEM photographs showing leg and oviscapt fine structures in the Colocasiomyia gigantea species group. Foreleg tarsomeres I and II (2–8), pegs on foreleg tarsomere II (9–15) and warts on basal part of lateral lobe or basal membrane of oviscapt (16–22) of Colocasiomyia gigantea (2, 9, 16), Colocasiomyia scindapsae (3, 10, 17), Colocasiomyia rhaphidophorae (4, 11, 18), Colocasiomyia longifilamentata sp. n. (5, 12, 19), Colocasiomyia longivalva sp. n. (6, 13, 20), Colocasiomyia hailini sp. n. (7, 14, 21) and Colocasiomyia yini sp. n. (8, 15, 22). Scale line = 0.1 mm in 2–8, 0.05 mm in 9–15. Figures 16–22 are in the same magnification, with the width corresponding to 30 µm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/illus_xray-legs/train_2364.jpg | What does this image show? | x-ray typical lesion |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3230849_f5-viruses-03-02223_118281.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Subcellular distribution of WT and myr-Gag proteins as determined by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) confocal laser microscopy of transfected and fixed HeLa cells. HeLa cells were transfected with plasmids directing expression of myr-add (A), myr-sub (B), and WT, unmodified Gag (C). Cells were fixed with para-formaldehyde and reacted with a guinea pig antiserum against the FFV Gag capsid domain (red staining) while nuclei were counter-stained with DAPI (blue staining) as described in the Experimental Section. Composite z stacks of two confocal sections (out of 25) are shown. Single confocal sections were acquired at the center of the cells (upper panels) and at the apical, top part of the cells (lower panels). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4263965_jpm-04-00402-f002_344090.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | (A) Primary tumor. H&E stain. 200× magnification. The neoplasm is relatively cellular and formed of crowded polygonal cells with variable amounts of pale eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm. Nuclei are round to oval and often irregular, and they are vesicular with occasional small nucleoli. Binucleated tumor cells are present. Mitotic figures are rare. A few small tumor cells have slightly expanded cytoplasm with fibrous inclusions (nonspecific rhabdoid cells). Thin fibrovascular septa, mostly with capillary-size vessels, are present, forming vague small lobules in many areas; (B) Primary tumor. GFAP stain; 200× magnification; (C) Primary tumor. Synaptophysin stain; 400× magnification; (D) Primary tumor. Nestin stain of tumor; 200× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3168408_F2_107541.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Gross and histological appearance of the gall bladder. a). Gross appearance of gall bladder. Mass was palpated on the surface of neck portion of gall bladder (black arrow). b). Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with prominent desmoplastic response (right side) infiltrating the gallbladder wall. Invasive micropapillary components (left side) are evident. (Hematoxylin and eosin stain, × 100) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4385286_Fig2_374970.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. |
Immunohistochemical staining of NSCLC xenograft lines as used in PET studies. Images depicted at 5× magnification. Mutations: A549 (wild type), H1975 (L858R/T790M), and HCC827 (exon 19 deletion). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3356282_pone-0037310-g005_138670.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Detection of FLAG-RickA in bacteria.
R. parkeri strains that were not transformed (Rp) or transformed with pMW1650-FLAG-RickA (Rp FLAG-RickA) were used to infect Vero cells and then (A) labeled by immunofluorescence with anti-RickA antibody and stained for DNA with DAPI, or (B) labeled by immunofluorescence with anti-FLAG antibody and stained for DNA with DAPI. In the merged images, RickA or FLAG are labeled in green, and DNA in red. Scale bar 10 µm. Higher magnification images of individual bacteria (highlighted in boxes in the lower magnification images) are shown on the right. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_72796.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Preoperative MRI of the HeadAxial slice. T2-weighted image that demonstrates a solitary 2.9 cm left occipital lobe adenocarincoma, metastatic from a lung primary. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4014574_pone-0096985-g007_286847.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Depiction of the cross-subject variability in different whole brain structures of interest.Demonstration of the cross-subject variability (std/mean) within the 16 healthy subjects for each of the 193 anatomical regions. The population variability in terms of ROI volume (top row), the mean MD of each ROI (middle row), and the mean FA of each ROI (bottom row) are shown. The results are presented for three difference axial slices using a colormap with the color scale ranging from 0 to 0.5. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4535674_Fig1_414344.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Preoperative photographs of the three patients. a Case 1, b case 2, c case 3. Slit-lamp photographs showing corneal laceration and lens opacity (a1-c1). CT scanning revealed intralenticular foreign bodies red arrow, a2-c2). UBM exam failed to detect any IOFB in the anterior segment (a3-c3). Axial scanning of B-scan ultrasonography shows the echo of the posterior surface of the lens (white arrow), with an abnormal echo in the posterior lens in case 1 (a4) but no evident IOFB in case 2 (b4) and case 3 (c4). Transverse scanning of B-scan ultrasonography clearly showed the position between the IOFB (red arrow) and the posterior lens capsule (white arrow) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4474571_Fig3_398261.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image |
Histopathological finding in lungs of mice infected with
S. pneumoniae
(with or without mucin) or instilled with sterile mucin. Lung biopsies stained with hematoxylin-eosin and observed under optic microscopy with magnification of x4 (panels a and c), x10 (panels b and d) and x40 (panels e and f). Panels a and b correspond to mice infected with an inoculum of S. pneumoniae INS-E611 grown in Todd-Hewitt broth (THB) without mucin, panels c and d correspond to animals infected with mucin-supplemented inoculum and panels e and f show the lungs from uninfected mice instilled with sterile mucin. Abbreviations: necrosis (N), atelectasis (T), Gram positive bacteria (B), edema (E) and lymphocytes (L). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4295440_fig3_350662.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Microscopic photograph showing spindle-shaped cells with moderate cellularity crowded into bundles (hematoxylin and eosin stain, ×20) (a). Immunohistochemical studies reveal that tumor cells are positive for c-kit (b), CD34 (c), and α-smooth muscle actin (d) (×20). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4125816_Fig3_312415.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Cross-sections of O. umbellatum ovary epidermis and parenchyma cells after immunogold reaction with anti-cutinsome antibody. a Part of an epidermal cell with lipotubuloid, the cuticular layer and lipotubuloid labelled with gold particles. Fragments of images in windows are shown to the right in higher magnification. Gold particles are highlighted with circles. b Fragment of parenchyma cells with cell wall lacking gold particles. c cytoplasm, cl cuticular layer, cp cuticle proper, lb lipid bodies, v vacuole, w cell wall. Scale bars, 0.5 μm (a), 1 μm (b) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4083251_fig7_303756.jpg | What is shown in this image? | SEM of carrageenan/chitosan/glutaraldehyde, carrageenan/polyethyleneimine, 8 h/glutaraldehyde, and carrageenan/polyethyleneimine, 10 min/glutaraldehyde at ×1500 magnification. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxut8zp8074y37byce47.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_29397.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | X-ray chest with mandible showed absence of calcified crowns of the first and second deciduous molar in Twin A. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3522330_s3sub5fig4_172832.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | A 38-Year-Old Woman With Uterine Fibroid, Results of Automatic Segmentation of the Sagittal Images of MRI by Proposed Method |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01768.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Line diagram to measure fetal renal pelvic anteroposterior diameter. The APD is measured in the transverse axial image of the renal pelvis at level of the renal hilum. Antenatal ultrasound at 38-weeks showing right-sided hydronephrosis in transverse view (+---+): 11.9 mm. Anteroposterior diameter of the kidney (×---×): 28.8 mm |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2269.jpg | What is present ? | colon |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00644.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | This CT scan shows irregular dilatation of common bile. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic25331.jpg | what organ system is shown in the image? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3892382_fig01_258618.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | CtIP/RBBP8 and retinoblastoma (RB1) expression in breast cancer biopsies. Paraffin-embedded breast cancer biopsies were immunostained with CtIP/RBBP8 or RB1 antibodies and stained with hematoxylin and eosin as described in the Patients and Methods section. A representative image of each cancer subtype is shown. In addition, the gradation of CtIP/RBBP8 and RB1 protein level can be observed from 2 (normal; left) to 0 (triple negative; right). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2999444_f02_80673.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Wing epidermal cells expressing EGFP after plasmid injection followed by electroporation. A) 3 pulses of 80 V, o.1 ms pulse duration, and 100 ms pulse interval (100X magnification). B) 3 pulses of 80 V, 1 second pulse duration, and 500 ms pulse interval (200X magnification). C) and D) Epidermal cells of wings treated in the same way as in A) and B) but injected with blue colored water. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv4901o074y8ygaf737.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | Z-line |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3687373_fig4s3_212366.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | CNV progression in homozygous RPE-specific Flt-1 knockout (Vmd2-cre+flt-1lox/lox) mice.Representative FA images (at same time after fluorescence injection) from a 38 day old mouse demonstrate that CNV lesions appear 8 days after initial imaging in previously non-fluorescent areas, indicating progression of CNV. CNV: choroidal neovascularization; FA: fluorescein angiography; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00324.023 |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic28724.jpg | what image plane is this? | axial |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0393.jpg | Is schematic diagram of intimal thickening present to the left? | no |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glys52v071u8z0u422w.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, White, Yellow, Red |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic41873.jpg | is this a t1 weighted image? | no |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3616471_Fig8_196599.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Final 36-inch standing films posttranspsoas discectomy and interbody fusion, L5–S1 transsacral discectomy and interbody fusion and percutaneous pedicle screw and rod placement. The thoracolumbar curve measures 23° and the thoracic curve measures 24°. The majority of the deformity correction was achieved with percutaneous screw and rod placement and not with the transpsoas approach |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4618332_fig2_436357.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Illustration of intermediate and final results of the proposed 4D lung segmentation approach. (a) 4D CT data consisting of a TLC and FRC lung scan pair to be segmented. (b) Model initialization. (c-d) 4D RASM segmentation with (c) mutual segmentations and (d) result after the constrained adaptation step. (e) 4D OSF segmentation result. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2988.jpg | Where is this from? | vasculature |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4513430_Fig4_408942.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | The brain segment result of a chick embryo at 17 days of incubation slice by slice in sagittal and coronal planes. The area of the whole brain (yellow), telencephalon (green), cerebellum (red), brainstem (blue) and LV (pink) were calculated by the ImageJ automatically. Since the slice thickness is 1 mm, the volume is the sum of each slice’s area, which is shown in the bottom of the figure |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_48962.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | T1 weighted axial MRI at the level of right hepatic vein demonstrating mass with internal haemorrhage. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4086353_F1_304263.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Technical considerations in region-of-interest (ROI) delineation. On diagnostic CT, auto-segmented ROIs should closely match lung parenchyma margins (A). Our SPECT/CT ROI technique requires the inclusion of a very thin sliver of pleura within its margins (blue arrows), but this has a tendency to over-include the left mediastinal border (red triangles) (B). Due to differences in CT scan technique, diagnostic CT (C) and SPECT/CT (D) of the same patient performed a week apart show dependent atelectasis on SPECT/CT (D, blue arrows) but not on diagnostic CT (C). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3751529_F4_226880.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Trans-well migration of OE33 cells after NET1 gene knockdown (KD), 5μM LPA stimulation (NT+LPA) and both conditions combined (KD+LPA). A) Migration across a gap is graphed by average number of pixels. Non-targeting siRNA (NT control) treated cells acted as a sham control for gene knockdown and time=0 is included as a reference. Statistically significant differences are shown in bold. B) Light microcopy images (10× magnification) of trans-well migration assay. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4188593_pone-0109303-g003_325873.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Postnatal NMDA receptor blockade reduces somatic expression of Kv1.1.(A–H) Representative confocal micrographs (maximal intensity, flattened Z-stack, z separation of 1.03 um) of somatosensory cortex from adolescent mice (PND42) neonatally injected with vehicle (A–D), or MK-801 (E–H). (D, H) Staining for the Kv1.1 potassium channel subunit is dramatically reduced in FSIs from MK-801-injected mice. Insets in (B) and (F) show higher magnification of layer IV regions of interest. Green = Parvalbumin; Red = Kv1.1. Scale bars = 100 um (A–C; E–G) or 10 um (D, H and insets in B, F). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4433322_pone.0124572.g004_386822.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Intravascular MR imaging of WHHL rabbit after DMNC injection.Aortic arch (red) and thoracic aorta (green) at 0, 0.25, 2, and 25 h after DMNC injection (0 h: baseline without DMNC injection) were visualized by (a) UTE and (b) T2W imaging. The intravascular signal intensity of (c) UTE and (d) T2W imaging was quantified and plotted versus time. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4476819_fig03_398899.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Formation of vesicle-like structures during development of S. lividans.A–F″. Spores were seeded onto agar plates, and incubated as described under Experimental procedures. Samples were inspected by phase contrast after 2.7 (A), after 4–5 (B–E) and after 6 (F) days within areas containing a few (A, B), moderate (C, D) or high numbers (E, F) of substrate hyphae. In addition, the samples were scored for endogenously derived red fluorescence (A′–F′), and merged with A–F to result in A″–F″. Different types of arrows mark particles that have a red fluorescence (), or none (). Bars: 2.5 μm.G. Aerial hyphae (←) lack intensive red fluorescence (G′ and G″). Bars: 2.5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4636357_pone.0142529.g002_442069.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Confocal microscopy of the immunoreactivity of M. hyorhinis with the endosome-specific markers RAB5 and RAB7, and the autophagosome-specific marker LC3 in mycoplasma-infected HTR8/SVneo trophoblasts 24 h post-infection.In the RAB5, RAB7 and LC3 panels, the bars show the percentage of the mycoplasma signal overlapping with the corresponding markers at 3, 6 and 24 h post-infection (N = 3). *, the p-values below 0.05. Arrows point to the overlapping signals. Scale bars, 10 μm. Blue, DAPI. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2575384_pone-0003611-g002_29574.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Subcellular localization of eight candidate adhesive domain-containing proteins in T. gondii.Left: Direct fluorescence of YFP in T. gondii tachyzoites expressing fusion constructs of eight candidate adhesive domain-containing proteins (numbers indicate gene IDs). Right: Fixed parasites transfected with YFP- or HA-tagged transgenes were stained with anti-HA (76.m01642 only) or anti-YFP (green), anti-TgMIC10 (red), and anti-TgROP2/3/4 (blue). Open and filled arrowheads in 8.m00177 indicate rhoptry and microneme staining, respectively; arrows in 44.m04666 indicate dense granules. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4425860_Fig5_384663.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Functional site prediction using LIGSITEcsc. On the basis of interaction with the surrounding atoms, out of the three pockets predicted, the pocket PKT 1032 with the best interaction result was identified as the possible functional site of the protein molecule. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3342287_pone-0035476-g003_136478.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Structural brain changes in EAE mice with and without KD treatment.(A) T2-weighted images were obtained with a 7T MR scanner during the peak stage of motor disability. EAE mice showed abnormal signal intensities adjacent to the lateral ventricles. Arrows indicate focal lesions on T2-weighted imaging. In contrast, lesion volumes were significantly reduced in KD-fed EAE mice (N = 4–8). (B) In contrast to the observed hippocampal volume loss in EAE mice at 30 days post immunization, neither naïve mice nor KD-fed EAE mice showed changes in hippocampal volume. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4061229_f1-etm-08-01-0009_298951.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Histopathological changes of lungs following irradiation with or without Yangyinqingfei decoction treatment. (A) Control group; (B) model group (irradiated rats without drug administration); (C) low-dose treatment group (2 g/kg/day); (D) intermediate-dose treatment group (6 g/kg/day); (E) high-dose treatment group (18 g/kg/day). Rats in group A received sham irradiation; others were irradiated with a single dose of 25 Gy to their right hemi-thoraxes by a 60Co γ-ray. Rats were sacrificed one, two or four weeks after irradiation and the lung sections showed different degrees of congestion and collapsed alveoli following 60Co γ-ray irradiation with or without Yangyinqingfei decoction administration. Hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, ×200. p.i., post-irradiation. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2093.jpg | What is present? | hematologic |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz2dop0086uc0952vut.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 1 |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/illus_xray-legs/train_0909.jpg | Impaired remodeling of calcified cartilage in the epiphyses of the wrist has caused a marked increase in whose radiodensity , so that they are as radiopaque as the cortical bone ? | their |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3205743_fig3_113729.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Angiograms demonstrating stages of Onyx embolization of a 53-year-old man presenting with severe headaches and found to have 19 × 13 mm left anterior choroidal aneurysm with 5 mm neck as seen in the A/P (a) and 3D reconstruction (b). (c) DSA showing magnified frontal and lateral. (d) Projection after Onyx embolization and placement of Enterprise stent. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2762260_F0003_48068.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Preoperative X-ray (lateral view) cervical spine shows altered transfer of mechanical force to adjacent hypermobile segments (arrows A and B) that was further aggravated by concavo-convex joint surface (arrows C and D) |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4651641_fig1_445662.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Showing the chest radiograph posteroanterior view. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged but stable. The hilar structures are unremarkable. There are diffuse bilateral air space opacities. There is S-shaped thoracolumbar scoliosis. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic47260.jpg | which organ system is imaged? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1764431_F1_8302.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Immunohistochemical labeling of CD8+ and CD3+/FOXP3+ T cells of representative colon cancer specimens with one case demonstrating a high number of CD8+ T cells (A) and CD3+ T cells (red, membranous) with a high proportion of regulatory T cells co-expressing FOXP3 (brown, nuclear) in the stroma (C) and the malignant epithelium of the tumor (inset) and another case with a low number of CD8+ T cells (B) and only a few CD3+ T cells and FOXP3+ Treg (D). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4244636_fig0030_339306.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Three-dimensional MSOT kinetics: Volumetric representation of anatomical information in grayscale combined with molecular information overlaid in color at different time points (t = 5 min, t = 20 min, t = 50 min, t = 80 min), both in a 3-D rendering (top row) and in two exemplary cross-sections in stomach and intestines (bottom two rows). ICG clears from the stomach and accumulates in the intestines and the liver. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuy8zv4074y4ko73ya3.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic18728.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | renal cell carcinoma |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3206953_pone-0027329-g002_114067.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Symptoms observed in plants agroinfected with the clone pDIM-BG30-7-BIN of SPLCLaV.(A) Growth reduction, leaf curling and vein yellowing in I. nil. (B) Growth reduction, yellowing, leaf curling and vein yellowing in I. setosa. (C) Growth reduction, yellowing and leaf curling in N. benthamiana. (D) Leaf curling in sweet potato cv. ‘Beauregard’. (E) Loss of purple pigmentation in sweet potato cv. ‘Promesa’. Symptoms were recorded at 35 days (A–C) and 5 months (D, E) post-inoculation. H, healthy control plants. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2978087_pone-0013924-g003_78213.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | IRES-directed expression of DsRed in cells.(A) BHK-21 or (B) C6/36 cell monolayers were infected in triplicate with recombinant dsSINV constructs. Pictures were taken at 10× magnification using a Zeiss Axiovert epi-fluorescence microscope. White light pictures show monolayer confluency at (A) 3 and (B) 4 dpi (upper panels). GFP-specific fluorescence indicates cap-dependent translation of the first ORF (middle panels). DsRed-specific fluorescence indicates 5′-end-independent translation directed by the RhPV 5′ IRES element (lower panels). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_70779.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Chest X-ray on in the afternoon of the first postoperative day showing increase in the amount of effusion with gastric distension. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1682.jpg | Is lymph node present? | yes |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4439484_fig2_388453.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvic tumor revealed a mass measuring approximately 5 cm, behind the rectum ((a) T2 enhanced sagittal, (b) T2 enhanced axial, and (c) contrast enhanced spectral inversion recovery (CE SPIR) sagittal). The inside of this mass was stained heterogeneously with contrast medium, and the lymph nodes around the tumor were swollen. The tumor was diagnosed as rectal cancer. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3600682_F2_192820.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Microscopic observation of cellular morphology using phase contrast inverted microscope of CEMss cells. Cells were treated at IC50 Boesenbergin A in time-dependent manner. (A) Untreated cells showed normal structure without prominent apoptosis induction and necrosis. (B) Early apoptosis features were seen after 24 h representing (arrows) (C) Blebbing were noticed in 48 h treatment (arrows). (D) Increasing blebbing with chromatin condensation was seen during late apoptosis after 72 h incubation of CEMss with Boesenbergin A (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3305611_F2_130333.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Myocardial first pass dual bolus perfusion imaging showing a perfusion defect in the area of an occluded RCA. Images have been segmented for better visibility. LV left ventricle, RV right ventricle, AIF arterial input function (taken from the inflow tubing). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic44473.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | acute myelogenous leukemia, aml |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4635427_f5_441664.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Abbrogation of anti-oxidant effect of apelin by overexpression of FoxO3-TM in H9C2 cells.(A) H9C2 cells were transfected to express GFP (in green) and the dominant negative mutant FoxO3-TM. Cells were submitted to hypoxic conditions (H) or kept in normoxia (N) in the presence or not of apelin (A). Mitochondrial O2− production was measured by confocal microscopy using MitoSOX (in red) in transfected cells and in non-transfected cells (NT) as a control. Bar is 10μm. (B) Quantification of MitSOX fluorescence per cells from (A). §§§p < 0.001 vs N from transfected cells; ###p < 0.001 vs H from NT cells; ns, non significant. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2660297_F4_36479.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Typical MRI scan changes in prolactinomas adenoma. An enhancing mass lesion is seen in the sella turcia under the T1-weighted postcontrast MRI scan performed 1 year after MASEP GKRS, but the volume of the mass had collapsed for more than 50%. Patient 2's clinical symptom did improve. Her serum prolactin level came down to 14.5 ng/ml, and she got gestation and delivered a healthy baby recently. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3660395_pone-0063462-g003_205974.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Images of a 55-year-old male with a grade II astrocytoma.(A) ROI-drawn rCBV map overlaid on a T2-weighted image, (B) contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image, (C) histogram of nCBV and (D) cumulative nCBV histogram. The 99th percentile value of the cumulative nCBV histogram was 3.703. ROI = region of interest; rCBV = relative CBV; nCBV = normalized CBV. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3787019_pone-0074682-g003_234730.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Morpholino knockdown of fga, fgb, and fgg results in intracranial and intramuscular hemorrhage.Single cell embryos were injected with 1fga, fgb, and fgg splice blocking MOs, and analyzed at 3 dpf. Larvae displayed what appeared to be hemorrhage, primarily intracranial, which was confirmed by two methods. (a) Example of an injected gata1-dsred transgenic larva with apparent hemorrhage in the facial region, confirmed under fluorescence (b). Note that the yolk sac displays autofluorescence. o-dianisidine staining detects hemoglobin, which identified sites of hemorrhage (c, d). These sites included intracranial hemorrhage with secondary hydrocephalus (arrow in d), as well as apparent intramuscular hemorrhage (arrowheads in c, d). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4182442_pone-0107952-g009_324319.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Morphological assessment of NHDF on hydrogels with SEM.SEM images of NHDF adherent on (a,b) alginate, (c,d) ADA70-GEL30, (e,f) ADA60-GEL40, (g,h) ADA50-GEL50, (i,j) ADA40-GEL60, and (k,l) ADA30-GEL70 after 4 days (left column) and 7 days (right column) of incubation. Black arrows and white arrows indicate filopodia and microvilli of cells, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4216674_fig1_332247.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Preoperative T2-weighted contrast enhanced MRI showing an expansive and osteolytic lower and mid-sacral lesion, extending up to the inferior half of S2 vertebra, with both intra- and extracanalar components and a ventral extension displacing the rectum anteriorly. (a) Coronal, (b) sagittal, and (c) axial views. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4364982_pone.0116521.g002_369128.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Evolution of emerging actin networks induced by counterion condensation, depletion interactions and specific binding interactions.Time-lapse images of emerging networks of actin bundles from semi-dilute solutions of confined actin filaments (3 μM, l
avg ≥ 10 μm) by (a) Mg2+ ions (50 mM), (b) PEG polymers (5% w/v, M. W. 8000) and (c) filamin dimers (ratio of filamin to actin (R) = 0.1). Images i-iv show the formation of networks while images v-viii show their disassembly upon addition and depletion of bundling agents respectively. Scale bar represents 10 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3531403_pone-0052627-g001_175312.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Partial co-localization and co-trafficking of Exo70 and Cav1 at the plasma membrane.(A) Hela cells expressing Cav1-GFP and Exo70-mCherry were visualized by TIRFM (upper panel); Scale bar, 5 µm. Higher magnification of the boxed region is shown (bottom panel). Scale bar, 1 µm. (B) Hela cells expressing Cav1-mRFP and Exo70-GFP were visualized using time-lapse confocal spinning disk microscopy. Scale bar, 5 µm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1186.jpg | Is respiratory present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4113263_F3_309119.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | SMBV replication cycle. Replication of SMBV in A. castellanii observed by transmission electronic microcopy. A) SMBV enters amoebae by phagocytosis and remains within the phagosome; B) Giant viral factories are present within the amoebal cytoplasm; C) Morphology of SMBV near the viral factory: early morphogenesis (red arrows), intermediate morphogenesis (green arrows) and late morphogenesis (blue arrows). * = Viral seed; M = mitochondria, VF= Viral factory. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1261535_F1_3503.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Intrapulmonary arteries. A) laser-microdissection of small intrapulmonary arteries. 1) The laser cuts along the outer side of the tunica adventitia. 2) A sterile needle is used to isolate the vessel. 3) Needle with adherent vessel is lifted and transferred afterwards to a reaction tube. Magnification × 200. B) Representative intrapulmonary arteries during the process of vascular remodelling. 1) Under normoxic conditions. 2) At day 1 of hypoxia. 3) At day 7 of hypoxia. Smooth muscle cell layer causes vascular thickening. 4) At day 21 of hypoxia. Magnification × 200. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2898774_F2_68238.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Confocal microscopy of SPP uptake into normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Cells were incubated for 8 hours with 5 × 106/cm2 Alexa Fluor 488 labelled subpollen particles (green) in chamber slides. Cell cytoskeletons were stained with an antibody against F-Actin (Rhodamine phalloidin, red) and nuclei staining was performed by TO-PRO-3 Iodide (blue). Three dimensions along the white lines are shown. The intersection displays an internalized SPP. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4489207_Fig1_402131.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | T1 tumors in lesser curvature of the gastric angle. (a-c) Enhanced CT scanning showed a clear gap surrounding the fat and smooth serosa. (d) Ultrasound imaging. Visible lesions were seen in the submucosa. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4165768_pone-0107224-g002_320566.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Double immunohistochemistry on human osteosarcomas.Co-immunostainings of osteosarcoma tissue array either with the anti-P2X7R-ec plus anti-Ki67 antibodies (A–D), or with the two primary anti-P2X7R antibodies (E–H) were carried out as described in Materials and Methods. (A,C): representative P2X7RB positive osteosarcoma showing a higher number of Ki67 positive nuclei (stained in blue) respect to a representative P2X7RA+B tumour (B,D). (E–H): representative P2X7RA+B positive tumours demonstrating the presence of a mix of cells some (stained in brown) positive for P2X7RB only, some others (stained in blue-brown) positive for both P2X7RA and B. Two different magnifications, 20x (A,B,E,F) and 40x (C,D,G,H) are shown. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3960519_fig2_275549.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | A summary of spleen sampling sites by Quantitative Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography (VTTQ). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3970149_viruses-06-01253-f011_277497.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | The nuclear export mechanism of PEDV N. Vero E6 cells were transiently transfected with plasmids encoding pAcGFP-N, pAcGFP-NR3, pAcGFPNR3365-394, with or without treatment with LMB, and examined live 24 h after transfection by confocal microscopy. Each image is representative of the majority of the cells observed in the same cells. The nucleolus (No) is arrowed where appropriate. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3072967_pone-0018361-g002_92105.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Effect of flip angle and bandwidth on prostate visibility and artifacts.Flip angle of A: 30° vs B: 40° vs C: 50° at BW of ±62.5 kHz. Bandwidth of D: ±31.25 kHz vs E: ±62.5 kHz vs F: ±83.3 kHz. Red arrowheads indicate prostate boundaries. White arrows point to fat pad used for CNR calculations (FP) and to inguial lymph nodes (ILN). Scale bar is 1 cm. Scan parameters: Axial scan, FOV 3×3 cm, 200 µm isotropic resolution, TR/TE = 3.3–4.6 ms/1.1–2.3 ms, 4 PC, 2 NEX, 14 minutes. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4427623_Fig2_385157.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Co-localization of dually phosphorylated MAPKs at Thr/Tyr and β-tubulin in interphase cells and during successive stages of mitosis in L. esculentum. a–d Immunodetection of dually phosphorylated MAPKs, a’–d’ immunodetection of β-tubulin, a”–d” DAPI staining, b’’’–d’’’ scatter plots of representative images. R depicts mean values of Pearson’s correlation coefficient above a threshold, n indicates number of analyzed mitotic figures. Bar 10 µm |
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