image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC4672177_F5_451301.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Lateral and ventral views of 3D volume renderings created from the CT images immediately postoperatively (A,C) and 6 months after surgery (B,D). Note the new bone formation in the intermandibular space and bridging the ostectomy sites of both patients 6 months after surgery. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3636281_pone-0062863-g007_200946.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | MARCKS phosphorylation at the ED and S25 in E8 neural retina cell cultures stimulated with PMA.(A–C) Immunodetections of pED-MARCKS and S25p-MARCKS on 72 hours in vitro neural retina cell cultures, treated with different PMA concentrations. The same cells are shown, as maximum intensity projections of the confocal stacks (A) and as merged optical sections at different planes and orthogonal angles (B and C). Scale bars: 10 µm. (D) Pseudo-colored sequential Western-blot immunodetections for MARCKS, pED-MARCKS and S25p-MARCKS, of E8 chick embryo neural retina cell cultures. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3706939_F5_216929.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Identification of p63-specific cells in clusters. (A) Light micrograph of a representative cluster on day 4. (B) DAPI-stained cell cluster. (C) Immunostained p63-positive cells in the cluster. (D) Magnified micrograph of p63+ cells. (A through C) The same cluster is imaged with different filter settings (scale bar, 100 μm). (D) Scale bar, 50 μm; D1 40×. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_2362.jpg | How does this image show x-ray of sections of femur? | with femoral head necrosis seen in slide |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1018.jpg | What is present? | cytomegalovirus |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2320979_pgen-1000066-g002_20323.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Presence of the Dosage Compensation Complex is sufficient for the X chromosome condensation resulting from Su(var)3-7 over-expression.Polytene chromosomes from female third instar larvae harbouring the heat-shock transgene over-expressing Su(var)3-7 with (DCCON) or without (DCCOFF) the transgene expressing MSL2. A: Orcein staining. B and C: Immunodetection of HP1 (red) and SU(VAR)3-7 (green) on dosage-compensated females over-expressing Su(var)3-7 (B: moderate Su(var)3-7 expression (one daily heat-shock) and C: strong Su(var)3-7 expression (three daily heat-shocks at 35°C)). Arrows indicate the X chromosomes. D: Double immunodetection of MSL2 (green) and HP1 (red) on X chromosomes in SU(VAR)3-7 excess condition. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3284675_Fig2_127029.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Radiograph of bilateral THA at follow-up: anatomic stem on the left side and right straight stem on the right side |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3916803_F2_265140.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Positron emission tomography-computed tomography images on admission. (A) Coronal and sagittal positron emission tomography images on admission showing 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in peripharyngeal, axillary, mediastinal, hilar, iliac and inguinal lymph nodes and spleen. An arrow indicates 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at submandibular dental roots, suggesting submandibular periodontitis. (B) Fused positron emission tomography-computed tomography image showing left hilar lymph node swelling with moderate 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. (C) Fused positron emission tomography-computed tomography image showing remarkable 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the spleen. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz0don8086ub6p76h0p.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4677317_f3_453240.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Kidney section prepared from tissues of different treatment groups and stained by HE staining.G: renal glomerulus T: renal tubules, F: filtration space, PCT: proximal convoluted tubules, DCT: distal convoluted tubule, V: vascul. Control and MA group showed normal pathology. DOX treated group showed renal glomerulus gross distortion, renal tubules atrophy necrosis and exfoliated and vascular congestion. However, DOX + MA combination group showed little pathology changes. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2822147_F2_56761.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Patient with stress-inducible anterior and anteroseptal perfusion defect (black arrows). Scans show A, apical and B, equatorial shortaxis views during stress; C and D show perfusion images at rest. E, Coronary angiography shows 90% stenosis (white arrow) of proximal LAD. With permission of [2]. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3572388_Fig5_185545.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Dixon-based segmentation for whole-body attenuation correction shown in [44] (courtesy of A. Martinez-Moeller): MRI water (top left) and fat (top right) images acquired with a 2-point Dixon sequence are combined and segmented to generate the attenuation map for lungs, adipose tissue, soft tissue, and background |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic20157.jpg | in what plane is this ct scan? | axial |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4388651_pone.0124801.g001_375766.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | The micrographs show the laser capture of a—odontoblasts, b—pre-secretory ameloblasts and c—secretory ameloblasts.The left panel shows pre-capture and area to be captured while the right panel shows post-capture and the removal of target cells. Scale bar: 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3617449_F6_196883.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Near-infrared reflectance imaging and 488 nm fundus autofluorescence in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Angioid streaks and peau d’orange are best and most reliably visible on NIR reflectance imaging (B,E,J) correlating well with findings on funduscopy (A,D,K). Peau d’orange is usually not discernible on 488 nm fundus autofluorescence images (C,F). Angioid streaks may present with a reduced autofluorescence (C,F) but may as well remain undetected on autofluorescence imaging (H,I). Note the reticular drusen on NIR reflectance and 488 nm autofluorescence which are sometimes associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (H,I). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3001465_pone-0015239-g002_81024.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | The absence of the autophagic buildup in converted fibers of tgKO.Immunostaining of single psoas (fast) fibers for LAMP-1 and LC3. A centrally located region with multiple LC3-positive structures, which represents autophagic buildup, is found in the KO, but not in the tgKO fiber. An isolated LC3-positive autophagosome (arrowhead and inset) can be found in the converted fiber from the tgKO. Electron microscopy (B&W panels) shows autophagosomes in psoas fibers in both KO and tgKO mouse lines. Magnification of the areas marked by the white boxes is shown in the upper panels. Muscle samples were taken from 5 month-old mice. Bar: 10 µm (immunofluorescence) and 500 nm (EM). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4371885_fig8_371086.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Enhancers E3 and E5 drive expression in the
cVg1-expressing corner of the marginal zone at the cut
edge of isolated anterior half-embryos.Embryos were electroporated with the same vectors as described in Figure 7, then bisected. The anterior
half was then cultured for 5–7 hr and viewed under fluorescence
(first 4 columns), then fixed and processed for cVg1 expression (last
column). Enhancers E3 and E5 drive expression of the reporter at the
cVg1-expressing edge of isolated anterior
half-embryos. Note that unlike what is found in whole embryos, Enhancer
E1 does not appear to drive expression in the area pellucida of the
isolated anterior half.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03743.021 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2945349_F4_74619.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Immunofluorescent analysis of NALT and CLN early after i.n. immunisation. Both naïve (PBS) and immunised (LT + Ag85B-ESAT6) Balb/c mice were compared. Tissues sections from six individual mice were analysed at 5, 24 and 72 h post immunisation by confocal microscopy. For NALT and CLN, 6 μm frozen sections were stained for (A) CD11c (red), (B) F4/80 (green) or (C) Ly6G (red) and nuclei (blue). A representative picture for each group is shown. There was no staining using isotype control mAb (not depicted). Arrows indicate HEVs; FR, follicular regions; PR, parafollicular regions; E, edges. (Original magnification, ×28.) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3476950_f01_01_161317.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Withania somnifera plant infested by red spider mite Tetranychus urticae. (A) Heavily infested leaf with a single spider mite is zoomed out in spherical window. (B) Swarm of mites on a leaf tip. (C) Apical young leaves covered by web like structures. (D) Damaged apical part after heavy infestation. High quality figures are available online. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4101948_fig2_306852.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Transplanted PSCs reduce β-cell mass in vivo. Insulin immunofluorescent staining was performed on pancreatic sections. Representative images of insulin immunofluorescence staining (green) and nuclei labeled by DAPI (blue) were shown. All images were taken at the same magnification (×200). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34145.jpg | what imaging modality was used to take this image? | ct with iv contrast |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4363523_Fig8_368488.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | 61-year-old female presented with a SAH due to ruptured carotid aneurysm. NECT (a) demonstrated the profound SAH. Mixed images at H20 kernel (b) revealed the carotid aneurysm. SAH is easily depicted at the VNC (c), at lower SNR, but higher CNR, while the aneurysm is depicted at the IOM (d). Same image as (b) after BR (e) (NECT 120 kVp, 285 mAs, CTDI 48.28 mGy, DLP 666 mGycm. DECT 80/Sn140 kVp, 310/155 mAs, CTDI 26.34 mGy, DLP 457 mGycm; 95 cc iodinated contrast 300 mg/ml; injection rate 5.5 cc/s; 40 cc saline flush 5.5 cc/s) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qk1ey70832cye0fh94.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3563495_F2_183606.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | M. tuberculosis p27 and PE_PGRS33 target J774 cell mitochondria. J774 macrophages exposed for 2 h to 1 μg/ml of p27, MT_1866, PE_PGRS1, PE_PGRS33, or α–crystallin His–tagged recombinant proteins were labelled with Mito Tracker red CMX ROS (mitochondria, red), FITC–labelled anti His antibody (recombinant protein, green), and DAPI (nuclei, blue), and then analyzed by confocal microscopy, in order to assess targeting of recombinant proteins to host cell mitochondria. Results are representative of multiple microscope fields form three independent experiments. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2729424_fig1_43927.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Imaging studies for Case 1. (a) Preoperative lumbar spine MRI showing sagittal T2-weighted image. Destruction of the L4 vertebral body and an abscess are evident. (b) Postoperative lumbar spine MRI showing sagittal T2-weighted image. Normalization of signal intensity in vertebral bodies and disappearance of abscess are observed. (c) Postoperative CT showing callus formation bridging the vertebral bodies around the L4/5 intervertebral region. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4075343_f0010_302211.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Visualisation of fMRI results showing enhanced neural activation patterns during gain and loss anticipation in areas related to reward processing and motor preparation. Results are presented at a voxel-level family-wise error (FWE) corrected threshold of p < 0.05 (minimal cluster size k = 20 voxels). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2377140_fig1_22549.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Over-expression of ILK in sporadic colorectal cancers. Panel A: representative case examining ILK expression in the control crypts vs cancerous crypts at a lower magnification (× 100) as well as at a higher magnification (× 200). Panels B–G: three additional representative cases demonstrating enhanced ILK expression in the cancerous lesions (C, E, G) when compared with the normal control (B, D, F). Staining was performed as outlined in the Materials and Methods section. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4320134_Fig3_356130.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description |
MRI slides of patient with major response. T1 weighted, contrast enhanced MRT. A: Horizontal: before start of imatinib: with a left frontal lesion with contrast enhancement. B: Horizontal: 3 months after start of imatinib, contrast enhancement of the lesion is not longer visible. C: coronal, before start of imatinib with the contrast enhancing lesion near the ventricle. D: coronal, 3 months after start of imatinib: no contrast enhancing lesion visible. The best fitted sections were selected for this image, as the head positioning and bending of the neck were not exactly similar in both examinations. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4020862_pone-0097365-g002_288492.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Forced expression of mRNA encoding constitutively active yap alters early zebrafish embryogenesis.(A) Representative images of EGFP mRNA-injected (control) or yap (WT) mRNA-injected zebrafish embryos at 52–54 hpf. Top panels, lateral views of whole embryos. Bottom panels, higher magnification images of the head regions of the embryos in the top panels. N, total number of embryos examined. Embryos injected with either yap (WT) mRNA or EGFP mRNA had normal phenotypes. (B) Representative images of EGFP mRNA-injected (control) or yap (5SA) mRNA-injected zebrafish embryos at 48 hpf. Embryos injected with Yap (5SA) mRNA (10 pg) showed the same spectrum of abnormal phenotypes as mst2 morphants. Data are presented as for Fig. 1B. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3862226_f0015_251732.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | (a) Microscopic findings of the resected ovarian tumor and lymph nodes. Atypical cells with clear cytoplasm grew papillary, tubulocystic, and focally solid pattern (hematoxylin and eosin [HE]). (b) Non-caseating epithelioid granulomas were observed in the pelvic lymph node as well as in the spleen where there were no metastatic lesions (HE). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3712889_F1_218177.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Renal Biopsy findings: Light Microscopy (LM). Focal Proliferative and sclerosing glomerulonephritis with ten percent fibrous crescents, a) Glomerulus with fibro-cellular crescent and one globally sclerotic glomerulus - 200 ×; b) Globally and segmentally sclerosed glomeruli - 40 ×; c) Jones’ stain- glomerulus with fibro-cellular crescent - 200 ×; d) Glomerulus with fibro-cellular crescent and some segmental proliferation- 400 ×. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv990ac074yd27687my.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3148050_F5_104142.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | SEM micrographs taken at 45º tilt angle (shown using three magnifications) of nanostructure on flat replica, microstructures, and hierarchical structure. Nano and hierarchical structures coated with 0.8 μg/mm2 of Lotus wax after storage for seven days at 50 °C with ethanol vapor. Flat epoxy resin and microstructure were covered with flat Lotus wax [21]. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4232691_Fig1_336398.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see |
Trichomes on spearmint leaf. (A) Scanning electron microscope image of spearmint leaf showing three types of trichomes, a, Non glandular hairy trichome; b, Peltate glandular trichome (PGT); c, Capitate glandular trichome. (B) Process of secretion by PGT. a, presecretory stage; b, formation of storage cavity; c, secretion into the storage cavity; d, release of oil upon injury. The PGTs were stained with toulidine blue. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3530432_F8_175053.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Immunofluorescence of TgPTTG 10 months old mice for PTTG-EGFP protein expression. PTTG antibody was used for immunostaining of PTTG protein and detected with Alexa 594 fluorescent antibody (red). Images were acquired using confocal microscopy. WT = wild type, FT = fallopian tube, AdC = adenocarcinoma. White bar indicates 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2714572_F0007_42030.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | AP radiograph of the same patient with ARDS as in Figure 6 with further complication of bilateral pneumothoraces secondary to pleural drain placement |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3552899_F4_180870.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Transverse ultrasound image shows the nerve passing through the inguinal ligament. ASIS: anterior superior iliac spine; LFCN: lateral femoral cutaneous nerve; IL: inguinal ligament. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic46389.jpg | in what plane is this image oriented? | sagittal |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46896.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | T2W image of brain |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q51eir08323kcz5adj.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3411474_F3_148187.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Effects on cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB). (A) Phosphorylated CREB expression (red fluorescence) and NeuN(green fluorescence) in hippocampus of a representative animal exposed to sleep fragmentation (SF) for 15 days and a control (n = 3). Right panel shows merged images. (B) Transcriptional CREB activity in untrained mice and in mice trained in the spatial task water maze (both exposed to SF for 15 days) compared with trained and untrained non-SF controls (P <0.01; n = 5/group). (C) Time course of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 gene expression in cortex of mice exposed to SF (P <0.01 for all time points; n = 6). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3625161_pone-0061074-g002_198247.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Results of MRI and SPECT examinations of the proband.Magnetic Resonance Imaging revealed marked cortical and subcortical atrophy within both occipital and parietal lobes bilaterally. The atrophy was less pronounced in the frontal and temporal lobes, and the hippocampal structures of the temporal lobes were mostly preserved. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography demonstrated severe hypoperfusion within the parietal, occipital and temporal lobes bilaterally. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3447924_pone-0045441-g001_156542.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Loss of Tgfa expression in embryos that lack Irf6.Expression of Tgfa (A,A′), Irf6 (B, B′) and merge (C, C′) in coronal sections of E14.5 wild type murine embyos. Tgfa and Irf6 expression colocalized to oral and nasal epithelium and remaining medial edge epithelium. Magnification was 10× (A–C) and 40× (A′–C′) for boxed regions in panels A–C. No expression was observed for Tgfa and Irf6 in coronal sections of E14.5 embryos that lack Irf6 (D). Regions of higher magnification are indicated (D′, D′′). Abbreviations are palate (p), tongue (t), nasal septum (ns). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4459169_f4_394267.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | De-Os-rMSCs formed more ectopic bone in nude mice.The untreated rMSCs and De-Os-rMSCs were loaded onto sterilized porous calcium phosphate restorable granules, and then implanted subcutaneously into the dorsal surfaces of nude mice. The transplants were harvested 8 weeks later for histological examination. The sections were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin, and Immunohistochemistrical staining with anti-collagen type I or anti-OCN antibody. A: adipose tissue; F: fibrous tissue; S: Si-TCP biomaterial remnants; B: bone tissue. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2527131_pone-0003192-g005_27121.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Immunohistology.Higher magnification images (100×) of portions of the sections shown in figure 3. Estimates of percentages of B cell engraftment are done at this magnification by comparing the percentage of the splenic section staining with anti-CD20. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glfs4e3071ucwo1fphn.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qv1fb3083230udd83n.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4600171_biosensors-05-00537-f007_431735.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Schematic illustration of (A) P. cannabina pv. alisalensis detection and (B) bioluminescent plagues with examination under light (left) and dark field (right) illumination. The bioluminescence at the plague periphery (phage/cell interface) indicates phage-infected pathogens. Figure has been adopted from Ref. [114]. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2850902_F4_61390.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Viral particles in swine sera and hepatocytes revealed by electron microscopy. A: Electron micrographs of negatively stained SHBV particles from HBsAg positive serum. Two types of particles were observed which are similar in size (20 nm and 40 nm) and morphology, like complete and empty viral particles of SHBV. B: Virus-like particles in the nucleus of hepatocytes (liver sample from DX385). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic48278.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | hematosalpinx |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3813430_pone-0078332-g009_240052.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Digitized images of dorsal hippocampus showing similarities in the volume of this region between the different experimental groups.Schematic drawing obtained from Paxinos and Watson's Atlas. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3964308_Fig3_276274.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. |
a–c Phase-contrast images of the same group of cells immobilized to the suspended membrane exposed at first to no deformation (a) and then exposed to a horizontal (b) and vertical deformation (c). Arrows indicate stretching directions. d–e
Insets showing a particular group of cells exposed to the corresponding strain fields |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3305165_F2_130173.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | T1 weighted and UTE MRI of a coronary artery with large fibrocalcific plaques. (A, B) T1W MRI at two cross-sections along the coronary artery. (C) T1 weighted multiplanar reformat of the vessel. (D) UTE multiplanar reformat, and (E, F) UTE cross sections of the vessel. Two large plaques are seen along the coronary artery in the multiplanar reformats. Foci of profound T1 hypointensity, which appear isointense on the UTE images, are seen in these plaques consistent with plaque calcification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4166663_pone-0107427-g002_320730.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Whole body images after the administration of 11C-DNP: (a) dynamic maximum intensity projection images of PET, (b) coronal images of PET, CT, and PET/CT (20–40 min, arrow: left adrenal gland). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3789892_Fig8_235803.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Tα-syn is localized within microglia already 1.5 h after injection into the OB. Tα-syn was identified by its ATTO-550 fluorescent tag (red), and microglial cells by Iba1 staining (green) by confocal microscopy. At 20 min after injection of oligomers, no Iba1-positive cell containing ATTO-550 signal was detected (a). After 1.5 h, confocal three-dimensional reconstructions show ATTO-550 signal (red) colocalized with Iba1 (green) also within microglia in the OB of mice injected with oligomers at 1.5 h (b), 3 h (c) and 72 h (d) timepoints, indicating that these cells contain huα-syn. Scale bars represent 10 μm in each panel |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3860981_f1-etm-07-01-0080_251210.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | (a) Morphology of the isolated osteoblasts. The arrow shows the sclerite of jawbone; (b) ALP staining with numerous visible particles showing a clear positive effect; (c) high-density black nodular aggregates with varying size visible in the observation of calcium nodes. ALP staining and the observation of calcium nodes confirmed the successful isolation of osteoblasts. ALP, alkaline phosphatase. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvj90t8074y9y4z6tp3.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4283053_fig03_348261.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Rho kinase inhibition causes astrocyte stellation without enhancing co-localization of mitochondria and GLT-1 in pure astrocyte cultures. Astrocytes co-transfected to express V5-GLT-1 (green) and DsRed-1 mito (red), were treated with Y27632 (100 μM, 24 h). (a, b) show staining with anti-V5 (green), (c, d) show mitochondria (red) and (e, f) show a composite image allowing visual analysis of co-localization. Nuclei are counterstained with Hoescht 33342 (blue). (b, d, f) represent higher magnifications of the parts of images boxed in (a, c, e). Scale bar (a, c, e) = 10 μm, (b, d, f) = 1 μm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4031973_F3_291219.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Immunohistochemical examination of the mass. (a) Positive staining for vimentin, ×200. (b) Positive staining for synaptophysin, ×200. (c) Pattern of nerve bundles in the neoplasm with vesicular nucleus and huge ganglion cells including wide cytoplasm. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×40. (d) Ganglion cell group in detail. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×100. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3933332_pone-0088860-g009_269127.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | V1-ATPase subunit D and pPDGFβR colocalization.Urothelial carcinoma. Immunofluorescence detection of the V1-ATPase subunit D and the pPDGFβR and their colocalization signal (yellow in the merged image). Magnification, ×550. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3354680_fig2_138361.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | (a) The micrograph of the kidney section obtained from first filial control rats, magnification ×400. (A) Normal glomerulus. (b) The micrograph of the kidney section obtained from first filial rats treated with fixed-dose combined antituberculous agents, mag ×40. (A) Acute tubular necrosis. (c) The micrograph of the kidney section obtained from first filial rats treated with fixed-dose combined antituberculous agents plus vit C, mag ×40. (A) Acute tubular necrosis. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3704538_pone-0068342-g006_216421.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | The micro-CT images of screws-bone interface taken at 12 weeks after operation.(a) Coronal micro-CT image of bioactive screw-bone interface. (b) Coronal micro-CT image of metallic screw-bone interface. (c) Sagittal micro-CT image of the bioactive screw-bone interface. (d) Sagittal micro-CT image of the metallic screw-bone interface. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_63534.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Contrast sagittal MRI shows well-defined heterogeneously enhancing T1 hypo and T2 hyperintense mass in the right cerebellopontine angle causing mild mass effect on the brain stem (white arrow). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3678756_f3-ol-05-05-1546_210389.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | (A) Histological examination of resected lung tissue (H&E staining, ×100/×400). The arrow (a) shows the abnormal artery from the descending thoracic aorta to the resected mass. The arrow (b) shows a nodule in the mass. (B) Using immunohistochemistry, the carcinoma cells were positive for CD56, CK-L, synaptophysin, TIF1, cromogranin A and Ki-67 (<1% positive) and negative for S-100 (magnification, ×100). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3070720_pone-0018383-g002_91768.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Antibodies detecting the parasite surface and inner membrane complex.A) Phase contrast and fluorescence showing that 4C1 and 21H12 stain the surface of Neospora. B) 15G6, 8H12, and 15D5 stain daughter parasites characteristic of the inner membrane complex. 8H12 and 15D5 stain both mother and daughter parasites whereas 15G6 is predominantly detected in daughter cells. 15D5 appears to have a more apical distribution while the others are localized throughout the IMC. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4556004_Fig1_419447.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | The bacterial artificial chromosome reporter line Tg(nkx6.1:eGFP) mirrors the expression of the endogenous nkx6.1 gene. Immunodetection of endogenous Nkx6.1 (red) and GFP (green) in Tg(nkx6.1:eGFP) embryos of the indicated stages. Green arrows point to Nkx6.1–/GFP+ cells and red arrows to Nkx6.1+/GFP- cells. All views are either lateral (b, b', c, and c') or ventral (a, a', d, d', f, and f') with the anterior part to the left. They represent either z-plane confocal images (b, d, e) or confocal projection images (a, c, f). Scale bars = 30 μm. EPD extra-pancreatic duct, IPD intra-pancreatic duct, i islet |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic33476.jpg | what type of imaging does this represent? | bas - barium swallow |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4285878_fig3_348951.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | A comparison of slices through the three-dimensional Patterson maps generated from the high-fluence data set of known orientation and a low-fluence (48 photons per frame) reconstruction. The map was 53 × 53 × 53 voxels in size and every fourth slice is shown here, with the slice number shown below each pair. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4518096_F6_409967.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Gamma scintigraphy study of starch matrix tablets (F1) on rabbits at time point (A) 0.5 h and (B) 1 h. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4559152_Fig2_420492.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Autopsy findings and experimental setup. a Right lung shows macroscopic tissue damage and hemorrhagic bullae. b Assessment during the performance of lung trauma. The captive bolt stunner is targeted towards the lead plate. c Fluoroscopy of right hind leg after fracture. d Drop-weight gadgetry placed above the right hind leg to produce fracture. e Macroscopic findings in the fracture zone |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2759001_pbio-1000223-g002_47506.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | EGFP expression in Tg(–0.43per2:EGFP)tlv1.The per2 minimal promoter drives an EGFP expression throughout all tissues that is augmented in the pineal gland. Transgenic Tg(–0.43per2:EGFP)tlv1 adult (A) and 3 dpf larva (B) under a stereo dissecting microscope. 2 dpf embryo (C) under a confocal microscope. See also Video S1 and Figure S1. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4325006_Fig2_357581.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image |
A 67 y.o. with mass (arrow) within the right kidney pathologically proven to represent pRCC. (a) On arterial phase CECT image, homogeneously enhancing tumor is identified (b) The renal tumor was manually segmented (c) 3D ROI of the renal tumor was created (d) Histogram of whole lesion enhancement demonstrates relatively low mean and median arterial enhancement (35 HU and 32 HU respectively) and relatively low interquartile range and standard deviation (155 and 20 respectively). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3023691_F6_84744.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | MHCI-HC colocalizes with radial glia marker in the subcortical white matter of the occipital lobes. MHCI-HC (green; A) is localized to vimentin-positive radial glia (red; B and C) in the subcortical white matter (SWM). Higher magnification reveals colocalization between MHCI-HC and vimentin signals (white arrowheads in D). Scale bar in C: 50 μm; scale bar in D: 25 μm. Abbreviations: postnatal month 1, PM1; subcortical white matter, SWM. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4142732_f2-0071123_315297.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Organotypic PER2::LUC jejunal organoids display circadian variation in PER2 and LUC expression. (A–C) Representative three-dimensional confocal image reconstruction of a PER2::LUC organoid with crypt, villous and lumen domains 42 hours after serum shock and staining with fluorescent antibodies against PER2 and LUC throughout. Comparison of single plane confocal images at (D–G) 28 hours following serum shock versus (H–K) 42 hours following serum shock reveals a time-dependent increase in PER2 and LUC staining. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4337257_fig9_361002.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Analysis of microcomputed tomography in the region of the proximal tibia and distal femur after sacrifice. Representative 3D images of (a) tibia and (b) femur. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34141.jpg | what organ system is primarily present in this image? | vascular and lymphatic |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3596695_jbr-24-06-467-g002_191491.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Right posterior communicating artery aneurysm in a 59-year-old woman with SAH.A: VR image from CTA clearly shows the broad-necked aneurysm (arrow), and indicates that the aneurysm should be coiled with a stent-assisted technique. B: the broad-necked aneurysm was proved by DSA images (arrow). C: The broad-necked aneurysm was treated with a stent implantation (arrowhead). SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage; VR: volume rendering; CTA: computed tomography angiography; DSA: digital substraction angiography. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3072527_f0045_92064.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Effect of MG132 on the localization and morphology of cellular compartments. HeLa cells were treated with control DMSO for 20 h or 10 μM MG132 for 6 or 20 h, fixed, permeabilized and stained for: Rab5 or EEA1 (early endosomes), CD63 (late endosomes), MitoTracker Orange (mitochondria), and GM130 (the Golgi apparatus). All panels represent single confocal scans. Bar, 20 μm. The color panels show co-staining for the organelles (red) and APPL1 (green) from cells treated with MG132 for 20 h. Insets show magnification of APPL1 clusters; inset size: 5.3 μm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3776546_fig7_232174.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Postoperative panoramic radiograph. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4369363_Fig7_370376.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. |
Tumor progression followed by MRI. Representative T2 MR imaging to follow brain tumor progression (7 days observation time interval; 3 time points in total) among the experimental groups. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_54006.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Selective 2D angiogram of the same tumor with a microcatheter |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv28zzw074y62u9gdv9.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Gastroscopy |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_38313.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patient 1.Representative axial MRI of patient 1 noting expansile lesion of right lumbar nerve root. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4595807_F1_430479.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Establishment of the immune microenvironment during breast cancer progression in a conditional mouse model for mammary tumorigenesis. Female K14Cre;Cdh1F/F;Trp53F/F mice develop de novo invasive mammary tumors that closely resemble human invasive lobular carcinoma (19). Immunohistochemical staining on mammary tissue from K14Cre;Cdh1F/F;Trp53F/F mice obtained during different stages of mammary tumor progression. From top to bottom are represented wild-type mammary gland (top), early lesion (middle), established mammary tumor (bottom). From left to right, identification of different immune cell populations by H&E, F4/80 (macrophages), Ly6G (neutrophils), CD3 (total T cells), and FOXP3 (regulatory T cells) staining showing the dynamics of the tumor microenvironment. Arrowheads indicate FOXP3+ nuclei. Scale bar 100 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/outside_other/train_2657.jpg | What is present? | Spina Bifida |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glws517071u73qm5d88.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3200091_fig1_112929.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | (a-b) A case of MX BI-RADS 4; mammography shows a cluster of microcalcifications in deep upper-outer quadrants of the left breast. (c) MRI shows an irregular area with irregular and segmented contrast-enhancement with longitudinal development (about 15 mm) in deep retroareolar region, next to the cluster of microcalcification seen by Mammography; this case has been classified as MRI BI-RADS 4. (d) time-intensity curve documents heavy but not fast washin and slower washout of contrast-enhancement. Histology demonstrated a DCIS. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_1573.jpg | Is cardiovascular present? | yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06357.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Axial CT scans of the sternoclavicular joints showing soft-tissue calcification around the medial end of the right clavicle (arrow) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3614268_fig373_195939.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Transaxial CT and Fused FDG PET/CT ImagesFigure 2A shows multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the left cervical region, with the largest node measuring 2.6 cm in the short axis (SUVmax 6.0 gm/ mL). Figure 2C shows a conglomerate mass of the abdominal lymph nodes with the largest node measuring 6.8 cm in the short axis (SUVmax 5.9 gm/mL). There was complete morphological and metabolic disappearance (Figure 2B and 2D) of these nodes after androgen ablation and hormonal treatment. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) PET images show pretherapy disease burden (Figure 2E) and the dramatic response post-treatment (Figure 2F). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4276880_F4_346801.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Mutation of the ΔB residues confers retention in the Rab11 compartment. Cells expressing WT N-terminally FLAG-tagged FPR2, ΔA, or ΔB were co-expressed with EGFP Rab11 and fed with M1 antibody as in Figs. 1 and 2 and incubated for 30 min with W peptide. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized, and incubated with secondary antibody (anti-mouse IgG2b Alexa Fluor ® 594, 1:1000) and visualized using confocal microscopy. Representative images are shown with scale bars equal to 20 μm (green arrow indicates the Rab11 recycling compartment, and white arrows show co-localization). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4522994_F2_411362.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrating a turbulent color Doppler signal in the pulmonary trunk. (A) Compressing mass in the pulmonary trunk in the parasternal short axis view (B) multilocular cystic mass (C). RA: right atrium; MPA: main pulmonary artery; AV: aortic valve. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3885427_pone-0083104-g005_257424.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | SHOX2 is coexpressed with SHOX, SOX5, SOX6 and SOX9 in the 18-week human fetal growth plate.Immunohistochemistry performed on 18-week human fetal tibia growth plates using antibodies against SHOX2, SHOX, SOX5, SOX6, SOX9 and the negative control (PBS). Specific staining can be observed in the reserve (R), proliferative (P) and hypertrophic (H) zones of the growth plate for all analysed proteins. Images performed at 20× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3654999_F1_204659.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | ER localization of NbNAG in tobacco BY-2 cells. A. BY-2 cells were immunolabeled with anti-NbNAG antibodies and briefly stained with ER. Tracker™ Blue-White DPX as an ER marker for observation with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Scale bars: 10 μm. B. After immunolabeling, the BY-2 cells were examined by fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescent and bright field images are shown. Scale bars: 10 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwy9dnv8086ub89u1wpe.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl2s3qn071ucguna2um.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic45741.jpg | what imaging modality is used? | an - angiogram |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3271029_F5_124318.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Microscopic examination of the proximal tumor in the stomach demonstrating typical histological findings of adenocarcinoma (A). In addition, histopathological examination of the submucosal nodule revealed GIST of the low-risk category, composed of cytologically bland spindle cells with a low mitotic index (< 5) (B). Immunohistochemistry indicated strong staining for CD34 (C) and C-kit (D), while negative results were observed for S-100 (E) and SMA (F). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4265518_fig18_344564.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | X-rays showing good implants/abutments contact and final prosthesis. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4526077_f3-mmr-12-03-3381_412125.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | GSK1904529A inhibits the migration of glioma cells. (A) U87MG cells were treated with GSK1904529A (10, 20 or 40 nM) for 8 h. The non-migrated cells on the upper surface of the filter were removed. The migrated cells on the lower surface were stained using crystal violet and images were captured (magnification, x4). Representative images are shown. (B) Quantification of the inhibition of Transwell migration. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. |
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