image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_3/PMC4055184_fig01_297331.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Brain regions showing reduced BOLD signal during loving kindness meditation in meditators as compared to novices (P < 0.05 FWE, cluster corrected; slices displayed left to right). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4152754_f3_317437.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | (a) (b) SEM images of the paper surface constructed by cellulose fibers and Kaolin. The Kaolin served as a sizing agent which hinders the penetration of binder. (c)~(f) Cross section at the interface between ECA (50 wt%) and substrates; From c to f, the substrates are PET, craft paper, printing paper and pulp paper; These figures clearly show that silver flakes are condensed with the decrease of sizing degree of the substrates. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pw1e6v08328gso103e.jpg | Have all polyps been removed? | No |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3917284_marinedrugs-12-00508-f004_265282.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Histological sections of mice liver after the oral administration of the AE of G. splendidum. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. (A,B) 0.5 g kg−1 b.w.; hemorrhagic and enlarged sinusoids (arrows) and hyperemia of centrilobular vein (circle). (C) 1 g kg−1 b.w.; hyperemia and proximity of the centrilobular vein (circle). (D) 1 g kg−1 b.w.; inflammatory infiltrate (circle) and disorganization of the hepatic parenchyma. (E,F) 2 g kg−1 b.w.; same observations shown in A-D and calcified tissue inside blood vessels (circles and arrows). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3320649_pone-0035244-g002_133026.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Changes in cell morphology of hMSCs expressing Olig2-Hb9 after the induction.Bright-field images of uninduced EOH cells (A), EOH cells induced for 5 days (B), completely induced EOH cells (C), and induced EOH cells further cultured in growth medium for 2 days after complete induction (E). (D) A higher magnification of the corresponding box shown in (C). (F) GFP (green), Olig2 (blue) and Hb9 (red) were expressed in EOH cells. Scale bar: 100 µm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3807810_f0025_239359.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Axial, coronal and sagittal view of brain MRI of a fetus with GA 23 weeks (first row) and the average of the 27 fetal brain 3D US with GA 18–22 weeks, aligned with the MRI. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2700667_F0002_40597.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Typical histological picture of endometriotic glands and stroma below the peritoneal surface (biopsied from the lesion in Figure 1A) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3805566_pone-0077048-g003_238922.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Histological changes in kidneys before treatment.(A) Stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) (magnification x400). (B) Stained electron micrograph of a glomerulus (magnification x20.000). Kidney of the LETO rat (a) and the OLETF rat (b). (C) Quantitative analysis of PAS-stained kidney sections. (D) Quantitative analysis of GBM thickness via electron micrographs. All data are expressed as mean±SE. *P<0.05 vs. LETO rats (n = 3). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4676814_Fig1_453012.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Color Fundus and Fluorescein Angiography photographs. Color fundus photographs show no definite retinal lesion in the right (a) and left (b) eyes. Late-phase fluorescein angiography reveals intensive dye leakage from vessels at the optic disc and macula in the right (c) and left (d) eyes, and in peripheral retina in the right (e) and left (f) eyes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4162593_pone-0107448-g002_319866.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Comparison of CT-VCUG and MRI in a 42 year-old female.(a) The axial image of CT-VCUG of voiding phase showed a diverticulum partially filled with contrast media. (b) The axial image of T2 weighted MRI demonstrated the overall shape and complexity of the urethral diverticulum. (c) Coronal image of CT-VCUG revealed the ostium clearly. (d) Coronal image of T2 weighted MRI revealed suspicious ostium, but not as clearly as in CT-VCUG. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4315584_pone.0116632.g002_355193.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | CT and enhanced gradient echo T2 star-weighted angiography (ESWAN) images of the brain of a 54-year-old man who experienced a traumatic brain injury.An axial head CT image displays right frontotemporal SAH (Fisher grade 4) with bilateral frontal contusions and intracerebral hematoma (A). A follow-up CT image 26 weeks after the brain injury indicates that the hemorrhages were completely resolved and the lateral ventricles were mildly enlarged (B). A follow-up MRI (1.5T) image was obtained 26 weeks following the head injury (C,D). The axial ESWAN image displays a rim of hypointensity (arrowheads), with hemosiderin deposits forming along the cerebral convexity (C, D). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4625725_Fig5_438836.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | In vivo X-ray CT imaging. Serial CT sections (a, b) and coronal views (c, d) of a mouse at different time points after injection of Bi2S3-QD@DSPE hybrid clusters in solution (0.6 mg Bi/g body weight) into the tail vein [heart (a, red arrow), liver (orange arrow), spleen (yellow arrow), and kidney (b, green arrow)] |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3286435_F1_127403.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Example of the delineation of the macroscopic tumor area (GTV) on T2 weighted MRI (a), an apparent diffusion coefficient map derived from diffusion-weighted MRI (b) and a Ktrans parameter map obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (c) and the dose distribution (d). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4230354_Fig1_335797.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation |
Radiographic measurements. A. Coronal balance; a distance between the central sacral vertical line and the C7 plumb line (right; positive, left; negative) in the standing postero-anterior radiograph. B. Sagittal balance: a distance between the C7 plumb line and the posterosuperior corner of the sacrum in the lateral standing radiograph. (anterior; positive, posterior; negative). C. Clavicle angle: the angulation of a horizontal line and the tangential line connecting the highest two points of each clavicle (left side up; positive, left side down; negative). D. T1 tilt angle; the angulation of the upper endplate of T1 to the horizontal line (left side up; positive, left side down; negative). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_70397.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Same patient as Figure 3.Five lymph nodes (arrow heads) were found in lesser curvature with monochromatic images. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3337287_F3_135541.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Magnetic resonance imaging after steroid pulse therapy. High-intensity areas in the left caudate head, bilateral semicentral ovales, and bilateral occipital forceps majors are clearly enlarged on FLAIR and T2W imaging. Gd-enhanced lesions in the occipital forceps majors are clearly expanded. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2263047_F6_18564.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Histochemical localization of WFA and ADAMTS-derived brevican fragment in rat and mouse brain. Localization of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) and ADAMTS-derived fragment of brevican in rat and mouse brain including lateral thalamus (A-F), hippocampus (G-L) and cerebellum (M-R): Epifluorescent micrographs of biotinylated-WFA reactivity (A, D, G, J, M, and P, red), anti-EAVESE (rat) immunoreactivity (B, H, N, green), anti-EAMESE (mouse) immunoreactivity (E, K, Q, green) and merged composites of WFA and anti-EAVESE (C, I O), and WFA and anti-EAMESE (F, L, R) in fixed brain sections. Images A-L were captured at 25× magnification and M-R were captured at 100× magnification. Scale bar represents 100 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2082.jpg | What is present ? | spleen |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3541615_fig02_178224.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Infarct size and neurological deficit in female MyMRKO mice after transient MCA occlusion. A, Representative MRI sections from FC and MyMRKO mice 24 h after transient (90-minute) MCA occlusion. Infarct sizes in FC and MyMRKO mice represented as (B) fraction in ipsilateral hemisphere and (C) total infarct volume. D, Functional outcome was assessed by scoring neurological deficit in mice after 24 h. Data are expressed as median with interquartile range. n=6 per group. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3920851_fig3_266298.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | The top row contains the three 2D orthogonal projections showing the 3D spherical landmark located at the junction between the femoral component head and stem and the bottom row contains the three 2D orthogonal projections showing the 3D spherical landmark surrounding the femoral component head. (a) shows the axial projection, (b) the coronal, and (c) the sagittal. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4658090_pone.0143292.g001_447355.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Original X-ray showing CS cannulation in LAO 30° view.1. A.1-3. Standard cannulation technique using preformed sheets and hydrophilic wire. B.1-3. Steerable EP catheter with exact cannulation. C.1-2. CS angiogram and coronary wire guided LV-lead positioning. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3540709_fig1_177843.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Imaging studies of HAML: (a) ultrasonography and (b) angiography. White arrow indicates the tumor staining in the portal venous phase. (c) 1st phase of CTA, (d) 2nd phase of CTA, and (e) CTAP. ((e) is from [12] with permission from Springer). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_55025.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Bone sagittal view of contrast-enhanced computed tomography shows retropharyngeal fluid collection and three calcific deposits anterior to the C1-C2 level (white arrow). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4676331_rbv017-F3_452907.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Three-dimensional CBCT reconstructions of experimental site from left, right, top and rear perspectives at different time points. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4226617_pone-0112851-g005_334759.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Analysis of cell proliferation and apoptotic cells in control and ethanol-treated embryos.(A-B) anti-pH3 immunofluorescence at 24hpf in order to analyse cell proliferation. (C-J) Cell death visualization using TUNEL assay in 36hpf embryos (C-D), and 5dpf larvae (E-J). Tg[Mü4127:mCherry] embryos were use for landmarks of r3 and r5 in red. (E,H) Apoptotic activity was visualized in whole-mount embryos at 5dpf. Note that ethanol-treated embryos have more apoptotic figures. (F-I) TUNEL analysis (green) in 5dpf embryos displaying red in the primary sensory neurons (F-F′, I-I′) or in motoneurons (G,J). All are lateral views with anterior to the left. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4331293_Fig2_359178.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. |
Computed tomography angiography and digital subtraction angiography. (A) to (C) Computed tomography angiography. (D) to (F) Digital subtraction angiography. Red arrow, right terminal internal carotid artery aneurysm. (A), (D) Coronal view. (B), (E) Sagittal view. (C), (F) Three-dimensional rendering. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic16217.jpg | what plane is demonstrated? | sagittal |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv4901g074y1b0i72e3.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2844753_F0003_60316.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | A 15-year-old boy presented with unilateral painless, nonpulsatile proptosis of the left eye. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan (a) shows a left lacrimal abscess (asterisk). Coronal CT scans (b,c) show irregularity, destruction, thickening, and sclerosis of the adjacent frontal and zygomatic bones (arrow) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3606599_F1_194159.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues with polyclonal anti-αB-crystallin antibody. DAB staining of three oral cavity tumor sections. Tumor cells are indicated with T, surrounding stromal cells with S. (a). Immunofluorescent staining of biopsies with low αB-crystallin expression (red, b left panel) and high αB-crystallin expression (red, c left panel) and the corresponding Hoechst stainings (blue, b and c right panels). Blood vessels are indicated in white (b and c). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0799.jpg | What does the tumour have? | areas of necrosis |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3623472_fig12_198049.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Primary hepatic NH lymphoma. (a) On T2w image well-defined homogeneous moderate hyperintense nodule (asterisk) in S VII. (b-c) T1w in- and out-phased images. The lesion appears homogeneously moderate hypointense on T1w sequences. (d–g) On contrast enhanced MRI the mass shows homogeneous hypervascular enhancement in arterial phase (e) and becomes isointense to liver parenchyma on portal and late dynamic phases. (h) In epatobiliary phase the nodule is homogeneously hypointense. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2200863_pone-0001510-g004_16121.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Enhanced PIN2-eGFP vacuolar accumulation in dark-grown det3-1 mutant.PIN2-eGFP was slightly enhanced in diffuse and punctate cytoplasmic structures in light-grown det3-1 mutant, compared to the eir1-1 control plant (A, C). In dark-grown det3-1 mutant, a high level of PIN2-eGFP was detected both at the PM and in vacuolar compartments, compared to the dark-grown control plant, where PIN2-eGFP was greatly reduced from the PM and a greatly reduced level accumulated in vacuolar compartments (B, D). Shown were root epidermal cells imaged under identical confocal settings. Scale bars, 50 µm (left), 10 µm (right). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3216265_fig3_115719.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Imaging of early events of colorectal liver metastasis by intravital TPLSM. (a) Normal liver. (b) Arrest of a tumor cell in the hepatic sinusoid (2 hours after inoculation). (c) Tumor-cell-induced platelet aggregation (white arrows, 2 hours after inoculation). (d) Phagocytosis by a Kupffer cell (24 hours after inoculation). (e) Phagocytosis by a Kupffer cell at different depth. (f) Extravasation of a tumor cell (24 hours after inoculation) (bar, 50 μm). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3751550_F3_226911.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | In vitro autoradiography using rat brain sections. Slides were incubated with [11C]MMPIP including the vehicle (A), 10 μM of AMN082 (B), or 10 μM of unlabeled MMPIP (C). Cb, cerebral cortex; Ce, cerebellum; Co, corpus callosum; Hi, hippocampus; Hy, hypothalamus; Me, medulla oblongata; Mi, middle peduncle; Th, thalamus; St, striatum. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3121681_F1_100213.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | A pre-operative cranial MRI showing the primary lymphoma (arrow), which was solely located in the third ventricle (small arrows). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4596421_Fig3_430697.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Images of a 40-year-old male patient. a and b, preoperative lateral X-ray and CT scans showing a type II Hangman’s fracture with severe translation. c, MRI with sagittal section showing C2/3 intervertebral disc injury. d, 3-month postoperative lateral X-ray showing adequate reduction and bony fusion. e, CT with sagittal reconstruction showing solid fusion and fracture healing. f and g, 24-month flexion/extension lateral X-rays showing no range of motion at the fusion site |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4393981_F1_377433.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Immunohistochemical staining of VDR in OSCC. Immunohistochemical staining shows representative images of VDR in N.T. (A), SIN (B), and OSCC (C). Brown chromogen color (3,3'-Diaminobenzidine) indicates positive staining, the blue color shows the nuclear counterstaining by hematoxylin. The square box demonstrates the area of interest (original magnification: x100-fold, left panel) which is also shown in larger magnification (x200-fold, right panel). VDR, vitamin D receptor; SIN, squamous intraepithelial neoplasia; N.T., normal tissue. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3600285_fig3_192746.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Observed structures, all of which were of tumoral quality. Patchy vascular structures were apparent. Frequent mitotic activities were present. Tumor cells consisted of atypical cells with uniform nuclei and narrow cytoplasm, and some with vesicular nuclei. Immunohistochemical studies showed a positive staining with chromogranin (brown areas). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2712068_pone-0006374-g005_41696.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Comparison of all ABPs and substrate probes in parallel in separate mice.Fluorescence images of live mice bearing C2C12ras tumors treated with GB137, GB123, GB138, ProSense750 and ProSense680. Images were taken at various time points after injection using the FMT2500 imaging system. Representative pictures of each mouse scanned over time in the 680 nm or 750 nM channel are presented. Fluorescent tomography scans in color are overlaid over an epifluorescent image in black and white. The colorimetric scale bars indicate nm of fluorescence. White circles indicate the location and rough size of individual tumors. These circles do not indicate the area used for quantification of tumor fluorescence in figure 6. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glds497071u4nznh6kl.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4635780_F2_441771.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Imaging data of the activation of BA 2 by finger and joint in response to pressure stimuli (p1: first joint, p2: second joint, p3: third joint). BA 2 = Brodmann area 2. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4490651_Fig8_402688.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Late diagnosed group. a X-ray of the right wrist after injury sustained during martial arts training. No signs of fracture are evident; therefore, patient received no treatment. b Seven months after the injury, repeat X-ray revealed fracture of the distal third of the scaphoid. Thumb spica cast was installed and LIPUS treatment began. c, d, e After 2 months of treatment, X-ray and CT scan demonstrate minimally displaced completely healed fracture |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4570462_Fig1_423713.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Case 3 (female, 70 years old) required long-term glucocorticoid treatment because of interstitial pneumonia. She suffered from left tibia osteomyelitis and failed treatment with intravenous antibiotic therapy. a Tenderness, warmth and effusion were observed on admission one month after the onset of osteomyelitis. d-e X-ray film and CT scan revealed bone destruction on admission. b, f hrough debridement was performed; a significant bone defect occurred after debridement. c, g The bone defect was filled with bone cement |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3495849_F3_165404.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | MRI investigations. T2 weighted images obtained at age 11 months (left column) and at the beginning of the therapeutic trial (at age 3 9/12 years; right column) illustrating the severe brain atrophy caused by loss of cerebral white matter with consequent thinning of the corpus callosum. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3786835_f1-etm-06-02-0579_234460.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | (A) Panoramic radiograph showing a multicystic ameloblastoma in the left mandibular angle associated with the 2nd and 3rd impacted molar (arrows). (B). Recurrent multicystic ameloblastoma located in the mandibular ridge (arrows). (C) Radiographic control after marginal mandibulectomy and reconstruction with cancellous bone graft obtained from proximal tibia, placement of two dental implants and restoration with implant-supported prostheses. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4526094_f4-mmr-12-03-3494_412180.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Effect of OVX on osteoclast numbers and activity in rats with experimental periodontitis, based on TRAP staining. (A) Analysis of the number of osteoclasts in a 1-mm2 area. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (*P<0.05; **P<0.01) (B) Images of alveolar bone after TRAP staining (magnification, ×200). (C) Magnified areas from B highlighted in a yellow (magnification, ×400). Multinuclear osteoclasts are stained red (yellow arrows). TRAP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; OVX, ovariectomy. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic40495.jpg | what is the organ principally shown in this mri? | skull and contents |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic52266.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | spongioform encephalopathy, presumed variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3338698_pone-0036253-g001_135936.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | An illustration of the experimental setup.Subjects were asked to make explicit size comparisons between two disks (40 mm and 40.5 mm in diameter). Within the same trials, subjects were also asked to grasp the central target disk. The 3D position of the fingers was tracked by three infra-red light emitting diodes attached to each participant's index finger, thumb, and wrist. This design allowed us to compare grasping resolution between correct and incorrect perceptual judgments trials. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4352908_fig2_365153.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | CT pulmonary angiogram performed the same day as the chest radiograph. (a) Axial image (lung windows): left lower lobe soft tissue nodule corresponding to the abnormality on the CXR (arrow) demonstrates no internal calcification or cavitation. Six other similar-appearing nodules of varied sizes were scattered throughout the lungs. (b) Coronal MIP image (soft tissue windows): two well-circumscribed left lower lobe nodules (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4144063_F2_315570.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Intraoral radiograph showing paramolar (right side) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3503757_pone-0050104-g002_167654.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Representative IHC staining patterns for IL6 in normal oral epithelium (A) showing negative or barely conspicuous cytoplasmic staining (intensity = 0), hyperplastic oral epithelium (B) showing negative or barely conspicuous cytoplasmic staining (intensity = 0) and dysplastic oral epithelium (C) showing weak cytoplasmic staining (intensity = 1+).(Immunohistochemistry: original magnification×200). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05119.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | CT of chest which shows synovial sarcoma invading pulmonary artery. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvc90go074y4erzha8j.jpg | Is there text? | No |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3272002_pone-0028664-g001_124527.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | VBM analysis revealed decreased gray matter volume in MCI group compared to controls.Compared to the control group, the MCI group showed significantly decreased GMV (blue region) in mainly in bilateral prefrontal, left temporal and posterior cingulate cortex. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2762694_F0001_48160.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Cytology of the peritoneal fluid. Note the large cell size, the moderately abundant basophilic cytoplasm, the eccentric nuclear location in some cells, and the prominent nucleoli. Apoptotic bodies are also present (cytospin preparation, Papanicolaou stain, ×600) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4437183_fig03_387779.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Case 2. (a) MRI on admission. DWI shows abnormal hyperintensities in the occipital horns of both lateral ventricles. Hydrocephalus is obvious. A metallic artifact is apparent around the right frontal region. (b) Preoperative MRI. Progression of asymmetrical hydrocephalus with findings of ventriculitis is evident. (c) Postoperative MRI. Both ventriculitis and hydrocephalus have resolved. DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4385219_Fig2_374937.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner |
Histology of the liver tissue after H&E stain in rats. Histology of the liver tissue after H&E stain (10×) in rats 2/weeks post treatment with ZAL (A), ZA (B) and vehicle control (VC) single dose each, via the oral route. PT, portal triad; CV, central vein; H, hepatocytes; and S, sinusoid. The hepatic lobular array is well maintained with central vein at the centre shown in the control (C). The same feature was also seen in A and B. Microscopic appearance of spleen stained with H&E. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvj90tw074y4ap48h2a.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3570125_f2-etm-05-02-0549_185035.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Histology of buccal mucosa tissues induced by injecting U14 squamous cell carcinoma cells into mice (hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, x100). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4589397_pone.0138341.g001_428747.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Classes of metabolic responses.Class 1: no metabolic unresponsive lesion; Class 2: minority of unresponsive lesion among whole body target tumour load; Class 3: majority of whole body target tumour load does not respond; Class 4: all target lesions are non-responding, or, presence of progressive lesions [progression defined as >25% increase of FDG uptake on second PET, or appearance of a new lesion]. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4653303_F7_445989.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Nicotiana benthamiana cells analyzed for red fluorescence resulting from interactions of split-mCherry at 14 dpi. Cells are shown in 10× magnification and specific excitation for mCherry was applied with a Texas Red filter (B,D,F,H). The upper pictures show the overlay of transmitted light and the specific fluorescence excitation (A,C,E,G). (A,B)N. benthamiana non-infected, (C,D) plant infected with PVX-C-mC-2A-CP and PVX-N-mC-2A-CP, (E,F) coinfection of PVX-N-mC-2A-CP and TMV-C-mC-2A-CPPVX, and (G,H) coinfection of PVX-C-mC-2A-CP and TMV-N-mC-2A-CPPVX. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3735506_pone-0071263-g003_223187.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you |
In situ gelatinolytic activity labeling 6 h after hypoxic-ischemic procedure.Gelatinolytic activity (green) and vessel labeling by IB4 (red) were obtained in WT (A–D), t-PA−/− (E–H) and PAI-1−/− (I–L) mice. Low magnification observation of gelatinolytic activity (A,E,I). Note gross tissue alteration in PAI-1−/− and low level of fluorescence in t-PA−/− mice sections. Higher magnification allows to visualizing micro-vascularization. Gelatinolytic activity is hardly detectable on vessels in WT (B–D), while it is undetectable in t-PA−/− (F–H) and high in PAI-1−/− (J–L) mice. Arrowheads point to spots of high activity; arrows point to microvessels. ISZ; in situ zymographic activity; Ib4; isolectin B4 vessels labeling. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4044985_F1_294280.jpg | What is shown in this image? | The assessment of PT length and dimensions using, respectively, balanced SSFP cine and 3D SSFP navigator sequence. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4398443_pone.0119960.g002_378427.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Exogenous melatonin suppresses branching morphogenesis of the submandibular gland.Phase-contrast images show E12.5 SMGs at 0, 48, and 60 h of culture without or with 1 or 100 μM melatonin (Mel), 100 μM 6-OHMel, and 10 μM LZ. Scale bar: 500 μm (A). The effects of treatment with 1 and 100 μM melatonin, 100 μM 6-OHMel, and 10 μM LZ were quantified by counting the number of buds per gland at 0, 48, and 60 h (n = 8) (B). Bars represent the mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01 compared with control. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4673160_F4_451553.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Overexpression of OPN protein in EAC using tissue microarray (TMA) immunohistochemistryOverexpression of OPN protein was observed in EACs with differential intensity but homogeneous staining. Stroma adjacent to dysplastic epithelium but not the epithelial cells themselves, overexpressed OPN (c, cytoplasmic staining; n, nuclear staining). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2880799_F4_65564.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | fMRI gender differences Major differences between female and male subjects were found in A) cerebellum, B) right hippocampus, C) limbic region, D) right frontal area, and E) supplementary motor area. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2733133_F3_44469.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Representative immunohistochemical staining of CML in the human carotid artery. The magnification of 2A (100×) and 2B (400×) reveal CML positive cells in the subendothelial space. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2684356_F0003_38737.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Photomicrograph shows epithelioid cell granulomas involving ovarian stroma [Figure 3a, H and E, ×40]. Granulomatous inflammation affecting myometrium [Figure 3b, H and E, ×40] and ectocervix [Figure 3c, H and E, ×40 and 3d, H and E, ×100] |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2811169_pntd-0000586-g008_55471.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Ultrastructure of ΔLdDC2n/p null mutants flagella.Electron microscopic studies of cross-sections from flagella of chemically fixed L. donovani WT (A), ΔLdDC2n/p-1 (B) and ΔLdDC2n/p-2 (C) promastigotes at the same magnification. Magnifications of L. donovani WT (D) and ΔLdDC2n/p-1 (E). Outer dynein arms (arrows) are missing in the mutant. a, axoneme; p, paraflagellar rod. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvo910s074y158ph2xe.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz7dous086u413h19fr.jpg | Have all polyps been removed? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4348622_f3_363804.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | The shape and density of leaf stomata in transgenic insect-resistant cotton lines, Zhong-30 and Zhong-41, and their respective conventional counterparts, Zhong-16 and Zhong-23, at 300× magnification using a scanning electron microscope. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_63167.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Complete opacification of the left frontal sinus |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3690260_fig12_213128.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Detailed view of compensated and not compensated slices of a 20s scan with 2 full respiration cycles. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3614591_F4_196023.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | The figure shows x-rays in two standard planes of pelvis/hip. The roentgenological follow-ups before surgery and after two, six and 12 weeks after BMP-2/MSC-tretament show a progressive bony healing of the osteolytic area behind the cup. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3755970_pone-0072767-g008_227752.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Expression of Notch pathway effectors Hes1 and Hes5 during adult spermatogenesis.Positive immunostaining in brown color, counterstaining with haematoxylin (400× magnification). Only nuclear staining was considered positive. Hes1 is expressed in stage VII–VIII Sertoli and spermatogonia cells (B). Hes5 is expressed in stage IX–X Sertoli cells and elongated spermatids (D). Control was done with rabbit IgG (A, C). Arrow heads point to spermatogonia cells. Arrows point to Sertoli cells. Tailed arrows point to elongated spermatids. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic24928.jpg | what is the modality? | nm - nuclear medicine |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3684773_dfig3_211880.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Wild type and phosphomutant tau species do not aggregate in autophagy-deficient MEFs. WTtau, E18tau, E27tau, and A18tau were expressed in transfected autophagy-deficient (Atg5-/-) MEFs. Tubulin was stained using DM1A antibody and tau was detected by EGFP fluorescence. No tau aggregates were detected after 48-hour expression. A18tau exhibited a greater ability to bundle microtubules (white arrow). Scale bar, 50 μm. Abbreviations: EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein; MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast cell. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3698349_Fig4_214997.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | A 16-year-old female patient, a, b CT and MR show atlantoaxial dislocation, the spine medulla was compressed by the dens, g the consecutive C2 CT scan spectrum shows that the VAG was type II in both sides; c–e the patient underwent posterior instrumentation with lamina screws on both sides of C2, f 3-month postoperative CT scan showed atlantoaxial dislocation was reduced appropriately |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4672103_fig1_451237.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Gross necropsy findings of challenged piglets. (a)–(d) Fibrinous layers on serosal surfaces in enterocoelia, thorax, pericardium, and articular cavity from nonvaccinated pigs. (e) and (f) Lesions in thorax and enterocoelia from immunized pigs. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4075027_fig2_302150.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Abdominal computed tomography showing a 31×24 mm low-density mass within the right adrenal gland with mild enhancement post-contrast (A) that was also positive for [131I]adosterol imaging (B). Cut sections of the yellow adrenocortical adenoma (30×30×20 mm, 25 g nodule) with the atrophic right adrenal gland (C). Pathological evaluation of the right adrenal mass indicated diagnostic characteristics of a typical adrenocortical adenoma with Cushing's syndrome (D). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00882.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Use of plain radiographs to determine fracture configuration, size of bony comminution and bone stock; Anteroposterior Radiograph. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4031619_F1_291161.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Axonal and presynaptic localization of BACE1-YFP in hippocampal mossy fibers of transgenic mice. (A) Schematic structure of tetO BACE1-YFP transgene. (B) BACE1 expression in mouse forebrain lysates from bigenic BACE1-YFP (Tg BACE1-YFP), CamKIIα-tTA, non-transgenic (WT), and BACE1−/− mice was analyzed by immunoblotting with mAb 3D5. (C) Localization of endogenous BACE1 and BACE1-YFP in presynaptic terminals of the mouse brain hippocampal mossy fibers (MF). Top, non-transgenic mouse brain stained with anti-BACE1 mAb 3D5. 3 month-old non-transgenic (top panel) or Tg BACE1-YFP mouse brains (bottom) were stained with antibodies against synaptophysin, and MAP2 and were analyzed by confocal microscopy. Neuronal cell bodies in dentate gyrus (DG) were only weakly positive for BACE1-YFP. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08084.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Radiograph of the left hip 2 years after revision surgery |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3135138_fig2_102063.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Iris melanoma located in the inferonasal portion of the right eye. Of note the associated corectopia and an episcleral sentinel vessel were adjacent to the lesion. This lesion extended to the anterior chamber and acquired a ring configuration as shown in gonioscopy. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4625550_jcdd-02-00214-f001_438710.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Characterization of VIC phenotypes during early heart valve development. Immunohistochemistry to show expression of smooth muscle α-actin (SMA) with Periostin (A,A’,D), Twist1 (B,B’,E) and Vimentin (C,C’,F) in cells within the inferior and superior endocardial cushions at E12.5 (A–C’) and atrioventricular valve primordia at E13.5 (D–F). Arrows indicate SMA expression (red) and arrowheads indicate Periostin (A,A’,D) Twist1 (B,B’,E) and Vimentin (C,C’,F) shown in green. The boxed areas in A-C are shown at higher magnification in (A’–C’). The white lines highlight the developing valve regions. I, inferior cushion; IVS, intraventricular septum; LV, left ventricle; P, parietal leaflets; S, superior cushion. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4603031_F3_432621.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed syringomyelia. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3730754_f6-rmmj-4-3-e0015_222013.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The Cardiovalve (Valtech-cardio).A: The Cardiovalve in situ in an animal model, with no perivalvular regurgitation and optimal competence of the valve. B: A 3D view of deployment. C: A 3D view from the atrial perspective of the implanted Cardiovalve. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4548228_f8_417244.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Images of Ca2+ and K+ distribution in cucumber roots detected using map-scanning of an X-ray.The plants were grown under normoxic conditions (Control), hypoxic conditions (Hypoxia) and hypoxia + 4 mM CaCl2 treatment (Hypoxia + Ca2+) for 3 d. Samples comprised 1 cm of the root tips. Denser points indicate higher ion concentrations. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2769340_fig-005_49347.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | CT scan during percutaneous drainage under CT guidance reveals that the drainage catheter is in good position within the abscess cavity. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4234377_pone-0112624-g002_336848.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Photographs of analysis the changes of gross morphology of erythrocytes in blood smear at 3d after whole-body exposure to 12C6+ ions or X-rays (by 100×oil immersion observation).Panel a: Non-irradiated control group erythrocytes (0 Gy); Panel b–d: erythrocytes of carbon ions radiation groups (Radiation dose: 2 Gy, 4 Gy and 6 Gy); and Panel e–g: erythrocytes of X-rays radiation groups (Radiation dose: 4 Gy, 6 Gy and 12 Gy). Black arrows indicate the morphological changes of erythrocytes. The scale bar is 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4554920_RSOB150076F2_419141.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | (a,b) Pronuclear formation and the first zygotic mitosis. (i–x) Confocal images of eggs or embryos at the indicated stages stained for histones to reveal nuclei. Left panels views were reconstituted by fusing two confocal images of the anterior and the posterior regions. Right panels are magnifications of the nuclei (the insets in (i–iii) show the male pronucleus). Male pronuclei are indicated (arrows). PB, polar bodies. Scale bars, 10 µm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl7s407071u0j1bd6ly.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3575495_pone-0057090-g006_186309.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Time-lapse video microscopy of the association of C. trachomatis inclusion with the Golgi apparatus during the early stages of the developmental cycle.Selected merged frames from Video S1 acquired every 30 minutes by time-lapse video microscopy of HeLa cells transiently transfected with a YFP-Golgi construct (yellow) and infected with C. trachomatis expressing mCherry under the control of the incD promoter (red). The first frame corresponds to 10 h post infection. The time (hours: minutes) is indicated in the upper right corner of each frame. Scale Bar: 10 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_33751.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | X-ray of the spine in lateral projection one year after additional ventral augmentation showing no further loss of correction |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3904701_F5_261992.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Example voxel-wise MBF maps. CMR MBF maps quantified using Fermi function parameterization (stress C-E, rest F-H; basal-ventricular C and F, mid-ventricular D and G, apical-ventricular E and H), Tikhonov regularization (I-N) and TSVD (O-T), with corresponding stress (A) and rest (B) PET polar plots in a patient with a significant stenosis of the right coronary artery. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2974740_F3_78116.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Identification of PKH26-labeled cells with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and doublecortin after transplantation. Colocalization of PKH26-labeled bone marrow cells with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (A-D) and doublecortin (DCX) (E-G) around the infarct penumbra 7 and 14 days following transplantation. PKH26 and PCNA double-labeled cells are small and occur in pair or small cluster (C, D). PKH26 and DCX double-labeled cells have round or oval somata with visible neuronal processes. PKH26 fluorescence appears weaker in these double-labeled cells relative to those seen at 7 days post cell transplantation. Scale bar (in B) = 200 μm for A, B and 50 μm for C-G. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_25599.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Fluorescein angiogram of patient in figure 3 showing peripheral capillary nonperfusion area (solid arrow) and collateral vessels (blank arrow) |
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