image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_5/PMC3848428_F4_247711.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Muscle biopsy. (A) H&E staining of a muscle biopsy of the left anterior tibial muscle with mild myopathic changes indicated by muscle fiber splitting and increase in endomysial connective tissue. Additionally, in the ATPase pH 4.1 staining (B), a type I fiber predominance without evidence of fiber type grouping and numerous hypertrophic type I fibers are notable. Bars in A and B adjusted to 50 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4493782_F3_403637.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | YFP fluorescence in root tissue from 7-day-old transgenic plants expressing SPS
R
SPP
Y provides confirmation that the constructs were functional as well as proving proof that YFP fusion proteins can be expressed stably in Arabidopsis seedlings. (A–D) Control Atsps
– mutant plant, (E–H) a double transgenic plant expressing both SPSR and SPPY in hairy root and root tip tissue. Scale bar=50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4140122_fig3_314518.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Effect of WPC ameliorates renal morphology changes and inhibition of AQP2 trafficking. (a) Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of the cortex and (b) inner renal medulla in rat kidney sections. (c) Immunohistochemistry staining of AQP2 (shown in brown) in the kidney medullar. Representative histological sections of kidney medulla of Sham group, untreated PAN group, nephrotic rat treated with Losartan group (30 mg/kg/day), and nephrotic rat treated with WPC group (200 mg/kg/day). (d) Immunofluorescence staining of AQP2 in renal medulla. AQP2 trafficking was stained in rhodamine (red). Membrane was visualized by WGA (green) (magnification: 400x). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvi90r0074y3dip401r.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4387253_Fig4_375375.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | EDS thickness map (left) used to correct the EELS Ti map for thickness variations over the valve and pores; the resulting 3D image (right) shows the increased amounts of Ti localized around the pore openings in the Pinnularia sp. valve |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvo90zw074y7gk7byiz.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4393910_fig1_377401.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | (a) Angiography via the femoral artery showing the left-sided PDA and left pulmonary artery with very severe distal ductal stenosis. (b) Angiography performed after stent placement in the left-sided PDA. Distal stenosis of the PDA has been relieved. (c) Angiography via the right carotid artery showing the right-sided tortious stenotic PDA and right pulmonary artery at the lateral projection. The right-sided PDA arises from the underside of the aortic arch and runs parallel to the descending aorta. (d) Angiography performed after stent placement in the right-sided PDA from the right carotid artery at the anteroposterior projection. The direction of the guiding catheter is straight. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3593338_F2_190909.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | (a) NHS hospital admission CT abdomen, note open laparotomy wound and herniating bowel. (b) CT scan 6 months after initial injury shows herniated bowel, retraction of the abdominal musculature and incidental finding of diffuse peritoneal calcifications prior to components separation. (c) Post components separation closure CT, note remnant calcifications. CT indicates computed tomography. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_26442.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Appropriate placement of Cardio-Fix septal occluder across ventricular septal defect with tiny residual shunt is evident from left ventricular angiogram in left anterior oblique view |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4561983_fig8_421563.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Comparison of the subcutaneous threadlike structure and lymphatic vessel using scanning electron microscopy. ((a) and (c)) Typical longitudinal images of the threadlike structure and lymphatic vessel. Asterisks are an adipocyte attached to the lymphatic vessel. ((b) and (d)) The surfaces of the threadlike structure and lymphatic vessel at higher magnification. Asterisks are the cells on the surface of the threadlike structure. Note that the threadlike structure and lymphatic vessel are different in terms of the presence or absence of the bundle structure of several subducts and cells. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4085961_F5_304201.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Light micrographs of cross-sections through leaves of (A) Atriplex prostrata, (B) Atriplex rosea, (C) their F1 hybrid, (D) F2-108, (E) F2-114, and (F) F2-123. See Supplementary Fig. S3 for light micrographs of leaf cross sections for the other six hybrids in the study. “*” delineates bundle sheath cells; C, a crystal containing cell; m, mesophyll cells; and V, vascular bundles. Bars=50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4132064_pone-0105118-g006_313326.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | The change of EGFP-labeled rMSCs after stereotactic injection into the striatum of PD rats.(A) Cells were injected into the striatum through needle passage with microsyringe. (B–E) The fluorescence intensity in Lv-PSPN-MSCs group is stronger than Lv-null-MSCs group no matter in the first week or second week. Over a period of 4 weeks following grafting, EGFP-labeled rMSCs could be detected at various locations. rMSCs could be detected within the striatum (F) while others had already attached either to the contralateral striatum (G), periventricular regions (H–I) and cerebral cortex (J). Single cells even exhibit processes resembling neuronal morphologies (K). Scale bar = 200 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3944955_F7_272287.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Detection of 3-nitrotyrosine in mesenteric arteries: 3-nitrotyrosine detection using immunofluorescence was performed in thin sections of NF, or HF arteries using confocal microscopy. Arteries were isolated from LZ rats or from ZDF rats treated or not with ALT-711, Tempol or Tempol + ALT-711. Image contrast and brightness were increased by 10% in each image to improve visibility. Bargraph: Quantification of 3-nitrotyrosine was performed using image density analysis (3–4 arterial sections per artery and 10 rats per group). Mean ± SEM is presented. *P < 0.05, treated versus untreated. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3424155_pone-0041740-g005_151267.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Photomicrographs of the developing kidneys of offspring at birth.Hematoxylin and eosin stain, same magnification in all pictures. (a) SC offspring and (b) VitD- offspring in the F1 generation; (c) SC offspring and (d) VitD- offspring in the F2 generation; (arrows) clusters with comma-shaped and S-shaped glomerular structures at the cortex; (open arrows) vascularized glomerular structures in the inner region. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54541.jpg | what plane is this nuclear medicine image in? | lateral |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4619354_pone.0140525.g001_436726.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Liver histologies of PSC patients with a mHAI score greater and lower than 3 points.A: typical concentric fibrosis and low grade of inflammation. B: typical periductular fibrosis and additionally signs of interface hepatitis (*), representing a patient with a mHAI score of 8/18. Staining: hematoxylin eosin. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3944053_F3_272052.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | SEM examination of the N-CNTs from Syntheses I–IX and MWCNT from Ref. Synthesis. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4648397_f5_444631.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | DBA/1 mice in TP-0.4 showing fluorescence on day 28 of collagen-adjuvant injection.In this figure, the control group shows no fluorescence, the treatment group shows fluorescence which also showed before the onset of clinical signs. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_42680.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | MRI scan. T2 hypersignal cystic lesion. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4389211_f2_375965.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Material characterization.SEM micrograph of (a) acid-treated MoS2 show stacked sheets with lateral dimension of 2 μm to 5 μm. (b) SEM image of SiCN/MoS2 and (c) its corresponding EDX map show presence of Mo (blue), Si (Green) and C (red) distributed in the composite. (d,e) TEM images of SiCN/MoS2 sheet composite show intact morphology of MoS2 sheets after pyrolysis. The SAED pattern in the insert corresponds to crystalline MoS2. SEM images of SiCN/MoS2 freestanding paper (f) cross-section, (g) top view and (h) corresponding EDX map. The insert in Figure (f) is an optical photograph of SiCN/MoS2 freestanding and flexible paper. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_65580.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | CT scan 30-days post-coiled embolization |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4090634_F1_304999.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | The basal ganglia hematoma was evacuated by transsylvian-transinsular approach. A: A small question mark incision line for the frontal-temporal craniotomy; B: The dural was opened, the sylvian was seen (yellow arrow); C: The CT scan demonstrated a large hematoma within the left basal ganglia of the head, when the patient was admission to neurosurgery department; D: postoperative CT scan showed the intracranial hematoma was totally removed and there was no obvious parenchymal injuries. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3608317_F2_194539.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Chest radiograph showing gross mediastinal deviation toward the right lung and overexpansion of the left lung. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2474604_F2_25493.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Pathology of mouse brain coronal sections of 7 day TMEV infected C57BL/6J mice. A and B: 24 hours post intravenous irrelevant E7 peptide injection. C and D: 24 hours post intravenous VP2121–130 peptide injection. Red arrows demonstrate microhemorrhages, yellow arrows demonstrate sites of demyelination. E: CD8 T cell stain in the corpus callosum (cc) and hippocampus (hipp) 24 hours post intravenous VP2121–130 peptide injection. F: T1 Gadolinium enhanced MRI at the level of the hippocampus 24 hours post intravenous VP2121–130 peptide injection. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzkdp9g086u7xclfg3j.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_20163.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Postoperative radiograph showing pelvic resection, total hip arthroplasty, and bone block fixed to anterior column. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3983115_pone-0094359-g002_280279.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Nuclear localization of MYT3.Representative examples show co-localization of MYT3 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and histone H1 fused with red fluorescent protein (RFP). A strain containing MYT3::GFP and hH1::RFP was grown on CM (hypha), YMA (conidia), and carrot agar media (ascospores) for the microscopic observation, respectively. DIC, differential interference contrast; scale bar = 20 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2262.jpg | What is present ? | gastrointestinal |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3900477_pone-0086182-g002_261027.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Expression patterns of bHLH003, bHLH013 and bHLH017 in Arabidopsis.Histochemical GUS staining of 6 days-old or adult Arabidopsis plants expressing the GUS reporter under the control of the bHLH003, bHLH013 and bHLH017 promoters. From upper to bottom panels, GUS activity was detected in cotyledon, roots, adult leaves, anthers, sepals, petals and pistil. GUS activity was detected in cotyledon and leaf, roots, petals, sepals, etc, etc. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4048501_F2_295486.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | A 65-year-old female with invasive ductal carcinoma and without lymphatic metastasis. A): Dynamic contrast-enhanced image disclosed a ring-like tumor focus; B): Enhancement rate, 230%; C): Ascending enhancing mode and dynamic contrast-enhanced curve; D and E): Optical microscopic observation showed comedonecrosis (white arrow) and fibrosis (black arrow) (HE×100). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4263137_f2_343583.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Confirmation of global Tspo knockout mice with immunostaining.(a) Anti-TSPO antibody staining showed the presence of TSPO (here shown in the kidney and testis) in the wild-type and absence in the knockout Tspo−/− mice. The slides were the same as previously used for autoradiography with the selective TSPO-binding ligand [3H]PK11195 (Fig. 4). (b) Antibody staining of Tspo+/+ and Tspo+/− macrophages validates mitochondria as the primary site of the TSPO, which is entirely absent in Tspo−/− mice. No obvious difference in intracellular density or distribution of the mitochondria was detected in the Tspo−/− mice (green=TSPO; red=mitochondria; yellow=merged image; blue=nucleus; scale bars: (a) 500 μm and (b) 20 μm). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_skull/train_1258.jpg | Does this image show dr garcia tumors b5? | yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4095713_fig2_305798.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Identification of fibroblast regions: result of color segmentation technique applied to sample image in Figure 1. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3976122_fig-4_278856.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Shell withdrawal path analysis of Plectostoma concinnum (Fulton, 1901).(A) Animal withdrawal depth at different growth stages of the shell. (B) Predatory path in the shell (red line). (C) Shell ontogeny axis (blue line). (D) Determination of animal withdrawal depth and growth stage by using photograph and 3D shell model. (E) Transferring information of predatory path and growth stage from each shell to an adult reference shell. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4387942_fig3_375514.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | A 49-year-old man with NET of unknown origin for over 4 years. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT (a) identified primary pancreatic lesion (arrow), whereas SPECT/CT (b) and WB DWI (c) did not. This lesion was noted only retrospectively (arrow) on dedicated abdominal CT (d) performed 4 years previously [13]. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3042418_F2_87736.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Microscopical analysis of EpCAM localization. Confocal microscopy of generated and endogeneously EpCAM overexpressing cell lines as well as vector controls revealed an increase of EpCAM membraneous staining with cell density. Cells with a cytosolic distribution could be observed in cultures of low confluence. Actin staining with phalloidin revealed slight changes of the actin cyctoskeleton formation upon EpCAM expression. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3543613_Fig2_178798.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Acute inhibition (72 h post-siRNAITSN) of ITSN-1s expression causes lung microvessel loss. A Micrographs of AQP-1staining of lung sections from controls (a1) and KDITSN mice, 3d, (a2), show decreased number of AQP-1 labeled microvessels (diameter or transverse diameter, respectively <9 μm) in siRNAITSN relative to control specimens. Arrows indicate microvessel profiles whose boundaries are labeled by AQP-1 Ab. Isotype-matched IgG staining of mouse lung sections of wt- (a3) and KDITSN mice (a4) produced no ECs staining. The NovaRed substrate produced a light-reddish background. Bars 10 μm (a1, a2), 15 μm (a3, a4). Results are representative for three different experiments, with 3–4 mice/experimental condition |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4273957_f03_346060.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Case 1: Female 38 yer as old Myerson I type, X-radiograph before operation; X-radiograph shows the fracture-dislocation healed two weeks and six months post-operation. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3786788_f3-etm-06-03-0791_234402.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Whole body PET-CT examination. Several ribs and double femoral neck (incompletely) had continuous discontinuity and numerous old fracture lines were present (indicated by arrows indicate loose lines). PET-CT, positron-emission tomography-computed tomography. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4698751_f7_458547.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Three STM images obtained consecutively at the same location, which show that a change of tunneling bias or scan direction can erase the DHPA double-chain structure.The meandering DHPA chains in (a) are partially erased in (b) and about halfway through erased in (c), revealing some intact gold herringbone structures originally under the DHPA chains. Scanning conditions: (a) U = 0.9 V, I = 100 pA, T = 141 K; (b) U = −0.8 V, I = 500 pA, T = 141 K; (c) U = −0.8 V, I = 500 pA, T = 141 K. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic32301.jpg | what plane is demonstrated? | axial |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz9doxc086u60u1cjgd.jpg | Have all polyps been removed? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3532595_fig0010_175717.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Glycoprotein positions on the virus surface. (a) Tomogram section of Udorn virions showing glycoproteins. (b) Glycoprotein positions identified by red model positions. (c) Surface mesh for HAs placed at density peaks. (d) End-on view of the model in (c) shows that glycoprotein models have only been built on the upper and lower cylindrical surfaces of the virion. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2732081_F0001_44337.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Non-small cell lung cancer. PET/CT images show invading the visceral pleura without chest wall invasion while on the CT alone it would be more difficult to determine the chest wall invasion (T2 N0 M0) (Reprinted with permission of reference).[39] |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0837.jpg | What is the colon coated by? | tan pseudomembranes |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic48976.jpg | what is most alarming about this mri? | arachnoid cyst with extension through third ventricle into lateral ventricle |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4569792_fig2_423619.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Computed tomography with intravenous contrast, showing a contrast captating solid vesical lesion. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3499163_F2_166206.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Detection of live-dead bacteria by confocal microscopy. Observation by confocal microscopy of L. brevis IOEB 9809 after gastric stress to pH 5.0 in absence of BA precursors (A) or in presence of: agmatine (B), tyrosine (C) or agmatine plus tyrosine (D). Green cells represent live bacteria, while red cells are bacteria with damaged membrane. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_1440.jpg | Where does this x-ray been taken? | endocrine system |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3127991_F8_101154.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | MRI image of mice. A, FMNPs without coupling BRCAA1 B, FMNPs coupled with BRCAA1 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4422703_pone.0126551.g003_383952.jpg | What is shown in this image? |
In vivo MRI tracking of CCI lesions over time.Representative MRIs at the same location for a rat treated with saline and a rat treated with rat mesenchymal stromal cells (rMSC) are displayed for days 2, 9, and 30. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4345228_F0002_363232.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Microphotography showing a compact nests cells with vesicular nuclear chromatin and prominent nucleoli (hematoxylin-eosin Gx40 (a) and GX200 (b) |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic53587.jpg | was the mri taken with contrast? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3713254_Fig2_218366.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | MRI on patient 6. Areas of low signal intensity consistent with hemorrhages are noted on SWI images on a 1.5T magnet on the standard brain MRI-SWI protocol (a) and on the dedicated high-resolution orbits SWI protocol (b). The hemorrhages are better delineated on high-resolution images (b). Other RH was also identified (not shown) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3879305_pone-0084188-g004_256220.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | In situ hybridization assay detects the presence of mir-208a in the cardiac myocytes.Representative microscopic images showing the presence of mir-208a (green color) in the cytoplasm of cardiac myocytes from left ventricular myocardium in AV shunt rats. The sham group or scrambled probe did not detect the presence of mir-208a. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2803892_F1_54248.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Macroscopic and microscopic findings of the heart. (A) The heart weighted 460 g and showed marked dilated and congested coronary veins posterior to the right ventricle (arrows). (B). A formalin-fixed horizontal cross-section of the base of the heart revealed a fresh thrombus at the orifice of the coronary sinus (arrow). (C) Histopathological examination revealed extensive hemorrhagic change around the coronary vein (HE, ×40). At the site of venous rupture, infiltration of leukemic cells was focally observed. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q41ehj0832d31f9acd.jpg | What is the size of the polyp? | 5-10mm |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3257205_F1_121898.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | RLC Ser1 phosphorylation is elevated in mitotic cells and localizes to the contractile ring. (A) HeLa and primary human keratinocytes (PHK) under normal growth conditions were fixed and immunostained for RLC Ser1-P (green) and stained for actin (red). (B) RLC Ser1-P is specifically enhanced in the contractile ring of dividing cells. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0915.jpg | What are the histologic change? | reactive astrocytosis |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_41959.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Ureter stricture. Seen under transabdominal ultrasound after normal saline retention enema, stricture (indicted by N) of the left ureter (indicted by UR) is visible behind the splenic flexure of the colon and upper descending colon (indicted by C). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2584033_F3_30152.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Electron micrographs of myelinated axons. Electron micrographs show myelinated axons in the white matter region containing corticospinal tract in wild type (A) and NFL-/- (B) mice at the age of 2 months. Note the myelin thickness increased in NFL-/- mice (B). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4635614_Fig1_441760.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner |
a The incisions were made on the right later chest; a negative drainage ball was placed through the 4# port. b The incisions were made on abdomen; a negative drainage ball was placed through the 2# port. c The histo-pathological type of EC was squamous cell cancer. d The lymph nodes along the RLN were dissected. e The subcarinal lymph nodes were dissected. f One patient suffered pulmonary thrombosis because of DVT, and died in-hospital; in the CT scan, a large embolus was found in the right pulmonary artery trunk |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4674754_f3_452505.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Histopathological assessment of the IRE-ablated bone with fluorescence and H&E staining.(a–e): Fluorescent labeling of the target bone segment with calcein green or alizarin red in the corresponding period. (A–E): H&E staining of the target bone segment in the corresponding time period. Bars represent 200 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_50577.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Biopsie en condition stéréotaxique du processus, ayant confirmé le diagnostic de tuberculome |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2881123_F6_65652.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Different oligomeric states of KLH2 (a-e) and Leptoxis carinata hemocyanin (a'-e'). (a-d; a'-d') Class sum images of negatively stained single particles collected from electron micrographs. (e, e') 3D models shown as longitudinal section through the cylinder wall to reveal the fundamentally different collar complexes. Note that the flattening effect is more obvious in KLH2 (upper panel). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3794519_fig8_236731.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Rab11 colocalizes with ENO during encystment. Trophozoites were induced to encyst by incubation in LG medium diluted to 47% containing 5% ABS. At 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, aliquots were taken, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and blocked with 10% FBS, before staining to analyze the localization of enolase with anti-enolase mAb (1 : 50) (A-5, sc-271384 Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Rab 11 with anti-Rab-11 mAb (1 : 25) (C-19, sc-6565 Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and F-actin with Rhodamine phalloidin (1 : 50) (R415, Invitrogen). Cells were viewed with a Carl Zeiss LSM 700 microscope. Micrographs correspond to 3D optical images. Co-localization, of molecules of interest, is shown by arrows. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3741466_F3_224276.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Mitotically active cells express SVCT2. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analyses of the neurogenic niche and RMS at 21 days postnatal development, using antibodies to identify proliferative cells and the ascorbic acid transporter, SVCT2. (A) Sagittal section of the rat brain analyzed with anti-SVCT2. (B) Sagittal section of rat brain analyzed with anti-BrdU, 5 days after incorporation of BrdU in vivo. (C–F) Co-localization of SVCT2- and BrdU-positive cells in the neurogenic and RMS areas. The images are representative of three independent experiments. LV, Lateral ventricle; RMS, rostral migratory stream. Scale bars in (A–C), 100 μm. Arrows point positive cells for SVCT2 and BrdU. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4644335_Fig4_443776.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Examples of radiographic high-graded heterotopic ossification for each kind of implant within our cohort. a Ceramic-ceramic-coupled total hip replacement. b TriboFit®. c Endoprosthesis |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic35685.jpg | is this image normal? | yes |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2459.jpg | Is oral present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4372551_pone.0122452.g003_371381.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | mAb/Tf was bound (4°C) and endocytosed (37°C) by CHO-hTfR cells.(A) 2×105 CHO-hTfR cells were incubated with anti-hTfR mAb for 1h followed by PE-conjugated donkey anti-mouse Ab staining for 30min at 4°C (upper). Half cells were incubated at 37°C for another 30 min and then rinsed by ice-cold medium 1 (Lower). (B) 2×105 CHO-hTfR cells were incubated with Alexa-Tf (5μg per tube) at 4°C (upper) or 37°C for 1h. Then 37°C incubated cells were rinsed with ice-cold medium 1 (lower). Fluorescence was developed using Olympus fluorescence microscope (60×). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/outside_other/train_0238.jpg | What are both meninges and spinal cord parenchyma included in? | the cystlike structure visible just above the buttocks |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3022176_fig2_84425.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | (a) After 18 months, a new CT scan depicted a local tumor progression at the ablation site. Note the unenhanced area of the lesion corresponding to the ablated site (long arrow) and the local tumor progression seen as an adjacent hypodense area (short arrow). (b) Similar to findings on the MRI scan, the ablated area shows no signal (long arrow), whereas the local tumor progression appears as a low signal area (short arrow). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4359276_dfig2_367362.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Longitudinal changes in gray matter volume comparing PCA patients with tAD patients. The color bar shows correlation coefficients, with warmer colors indicating greater volume loss in PCA patients compared with tAD patients, and cooler colors representing the reverse contrast. L, left; R, right; A, anterior; P, posterior. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2396155_F3_23287.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Skin biopsy: clusters of histiocytes with froth-like cytoplasm (hematoxiline-eosine). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4635432_f5_441678.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | A case of pachychoroid neovasculopathy.A 68-year-old male was visually impaired in the right eye (best-corrected visual acuity = 30/20). (A) Color fundus photograph shows serous retinal detachment (arrowheads) without drusen. (B) FA suggests occult CNV. (C) Late-phase IA shows choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (arrowheads). (D) Enhanced depth imaging OCT (vertical scan thorough the center of the fovea) reveals type 1 CNV and subretinal fluid. Choroid is thick throughout the macula, and subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured as 353 μm. He had GT genotype at ARMS2 A69S (rs10490924) and AG genotype at CFH I62V (rs800292). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4467152_F3_396764.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Morphology of DU145 and DU145R80 cells and cellular localization of FLMNA and F-actin(A) Representative images of DU145 and DU14580 cells grown on glass slides to semi-confluence and then analysed by phase contrast microscopy; or (B) by confocal microscopy after double staining for FLMNA and F-actin. Original magnifications: 200x (A) or 630x (B). Scale bars: 50 μm (A) or 10 μm (B). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4247958_fig2_340345.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | AP and lateral radiographs of the left femur, demonstrating a complete diaphyseal fracture. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03463.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Axial T1 and T1 FS after contrast, demonstrating isointense, enhancing mandibular masses, cortical erosion, and adjacent soft tissue mass. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4408581_Fig1_380516.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | PET-CT scan and macroscopic findings in a recurrent patient (case 11). (A) PET-CT scan before treatment; a black arrow points to the metastatic tumor in the left portion of the fourth lumbar vertebra. (B) PET-CT scan after treatment. (C) and (D) show the retroperitoneal tumor fused by several para-aortic lymph nodes. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3559760_F2_182574.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Perfusion images of 10 slices covering the whole ventricular myocardium |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2878334_pone-0010884-g005_65165.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | PI3K inhibitors alter the levels of L1 in infected cells.
A. BHK cells were infected with VV WR, and treated with AS1 (50 µM) or AS2 (50 µM) post-adsoption for 16 hours. Cells were fixed and stained with phalloidin to visualize actin (red), DAPI to visualize DNA (blue), and stained with L1 antibodies to visualize IMV. Note that AS1 causes a reduction of punctate FITC fluorescence in the cells, as well as a reduction in the number of actin tails. AS2 also causes a modest reduction in the number of actin tails relative to DMSO controls. Results are from two independent trials. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4214163_fig5_331275.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | The patterns of Hth expression in T2 and T3 imaginal discs. ((a)–(c)), ((d)–(f)), and ((g)–(i)) are T2 wing, T3 leg, and T3 haltere discs, respectively. ((a), (d), and (g)) The expression patterns of endogenous Hth; ((b), (e), and (h)) the expression patterns of Hth-YFP; ((c), (f), and (i)) the expression patterns of Hth-YFP in the boxed regions in the corresponding images at high magnification showing that the protein trap is nuclear. Double-labelling of Hth-YFP and its endogenous gene shows that they have very similar temporal and spatial expression patterns in wing ((j)–(j′′)), haltere ((k)–(k′′)), and T3 leg ((l)–(l′′)) imaginal discs. ((m)–(m′′)) are higher magnifications of the boxed region in (l). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3679003_pbio-1001585-g007_210500.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative |
Tmt- and val-opsin co-expression domains in inter- and motorneuron cluster are conserved in vertebrates.Two-color ISH of tmt-opsin1b (blue) and val-opsins (red/red fluorescence) on coronal medaka (A–F) and zebrafish (G–L) sections. Magnifications are indicated as boxes. Scale bars, 50 µm. Tmtops1b and valopb co-expression in the central posterior thalamic nucleus of medaka (A–B) and zebrafish (G–H), in the dorsal tegmental nucleus in medaka (C) and zebrafish (I) and in the facial nerve nucleus in medaka (D–F) and zebrafish (J–L). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4263798_Fig4_343842.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Non-ossifying fibroma—incidental finding on MRI: The lesion is hyperintense on T2 (a), hypointense on T1 with a fluid-fluid level (arrow; b), and it presents peripheral contrast enhancement (c). Lateral X-ray of the tibia demonstrates the typical NOF aspect (d) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3943546_fig3_271941.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Scattered X-ray (SA) and XRF elemental distribution maps of P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Br of an untreated B16 cell. The maximal elemental area density (in µg cm−2) is given in the top corner of each map. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q21edv08329nobdqci.jpg | What is the size of the polyp? | < 5mm |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4573613_fig4_424207.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Coregistered PET and MR images from individual with anaplastic oligodendroglioma WHO grade III (participant #14). ((a)–(d)) MR images obtained at the time of PET study. (a) T1-weighted MR image with contrast (Gadolinium) enhancement; (b) T2-weighted MR image; (c) Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) diffusion-weighted MR image; (d) Cerebral Blood Volume (CBV) perfusion-weighted MR image; (e) AG PET image; (f) CMRGlu PET image; (g) CMRO2 PET image. (h) CBF PET image; (i) T2-weighted MR image 1 day after surgery (2 days after the PET study); ((j)–(l)) Follow-up T1-weighted images with contrast (Gadolinium) enhancement obtained 2 days (j), two months (k), and 14 months (l) after the PET study. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3114552_fig1_98897.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Patient no. 1: (a) Volume-rendered computed tomography shows the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the main pulmonary artery. (b) Full length of the dilated RCA. (c) Late postgadolinium CMR imaging demonstrates enhancement of the mid-interventricular septum (arrowhead) consistent with fibrosis. AO: aorta, LAD: left anterior descending coronary artery, LV: left ventricle, MPA: main pulmonary artery, RCA: right coronary artery, RV: right ventricle. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuq8zmc074ydwk1ec2r.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | Z-line |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4637027_fig8_442249.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Anti-CD15-SPIONs injected into the corpus callosum. After injection of anti-CD15-SPIONs into the corpus callosum, the corpus callosum (arrows) shows decreased signal intensity on T2∗-weighted (a) and T2-weighed images (b), which was retained until 7 days after injection. No decreased signal intensity appears in the RMS or SVZ. Prussian blue staining reveals that there were positive SPIONs in the needle track (black arrowhead) and the corpus callosum (arrows), while no positive SPIONs are present in the SVZ and RMS (black rectangle). Bar = 200 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4437394_fig2_387851.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | A Patient with avid and high-attenuation right internal mammary lymph node (arrow) on axial CT (a), axial PET (b), sagittal CT (c), and sagittal PET (d) images. Chest CT images prior to talc pleurodesis are not available. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2427016_F2_24259.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (vessel, temporal region, biopsy). A. Low magnification demonstrates a vessel wall infiltrated by small lymphoid cells. B. Higher magnification demonstrates a population of lymphoid cells with prominent vascularity. C. There are focally increased eosinophils and reactive "epithelioid" endothelial cells. D. The atypical lymphoid cells show small amount of clear cytoplasm with scattered eosinophils in the background. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4409782_Fig1_380912.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Transthoracic echocardiography, aortotomy, and excision and division of the mass. (A) Transthoracic echocardiography revealing a mass at the left ventricular outflow tract. (B) Aortotomy was performed and the mass visualized underneath the aortic valve. (C) The total excised mass. (D) The mass was divided and multiple haemorrhagic areas discovered. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3097635_F1_95936.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Pelvic radiograph showing area of marked sclerosis, with wide zone of transition and cortical irregularity involving the left ischial tuberosity (thin arrow). Areas of lucencies are seen in the adjacent soft tissue (arrowheads). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2740098_fig-002_45315.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | 18FDG PET/CT showing the thyroid incidentaloma in sagital (a), coronal (b) and axial (d) view. Image (c) shows the right thyroid cyst on the CT scan. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2672955_F2_37737.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | HCCR-1 is positively well correlated with breast cancer prognostic parameters. Correlation of HCCR-1 expression levels with known breast cancer prognostic parameters. Immunohistochemical staining for ER, PR, HER2, p53 and HCCR-1 in fresh frozen tissues from human breast cancers. All the breast cancer tissues were derived from pathologically-proven invasive ductal carcinomas. Positive immunostaining for ER, PR, and p53 in the nuclei of carcinoma cells and for HCCR-1 in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells (top panel). The HER2 immunohistochemical staining showing complete strong membrane staining (3+) in the carcinoma cells (top panel). Negative immunostaining for ER, PR, p53, HER2 and HCCR-1 in breast carcinoma (bottom panel). Original magnification, × 100. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4674706_f1_452495.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | (a) Schematic illustration of the different regions of a candle flame, the photograph was taken by Hao-Bo Jiang; (b) Photograph of as prepared GO paper; (c) typical SEM image of the surface of the GO paper; (d) photograph of FR-GO prepared by candle flame treatment of GO paper; (e) SEM image of FR-GO sample; (f) Contact angle of pristine GO paper; (g–i) Contact angles of FR-GO measured at different time. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3981645_f5-ijmm-29-06-0963_280032.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | fMRI conducted with MR_CHIROD shows functional cortical plasticity in a chronic stroke patient. (A) Patient performance halfway through training. (B) Patient performance after full 8-wk training. Patient squeezed the MR_CHIROD at 45, 60 and 75% maximum grip force. Activation threshold P<0.05 corrected; activation maps are superimposed on the patient’s T1-weighted anatomical images. SMC activation, longer arrow; SMA activation, shorter arrow). Red color (t-score=10, P<0.0001); Blue color (t-score=4.8, P=0.05). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvi90qs074y7agh8ilw.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
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