image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_3/PMC3259059_F10_122141.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Abnormal MBP staining in brainstem of Hup23 mice. Double immunofluorescence analysis was performed on sagittal brain sections stained with antibodies against p23 (red) and MBP (green) using confocal microscopy. A, Representative lower magnification images of brainstem reveal thinner myelinated bundles in Hup23 brain. B, Higher magnification images of brainstem, staining in hippocampal CA1 region and cerebellum are shown. Unlike the apparent difference observed in brainstem, MBP staining in hippocampus and cerebellum is comparable between Hup23 mice and Ntg littermates. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2080.jpg | What is present ? | thymus |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2947727_F0002_74964.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | H and E stained section of grafted site in Group I (a) 200× magnification showing new bone formation (woven type). Osteoblasts are present haphazardly dispersed in osteoid tissue (at 8 weeks). (b) 200× magnification showing well incorporated bone graft substitute with evidence of new bone formation (woven type) (at 24 weeks) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4280992_f1-etm-09-02-0513_347837.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Expression of high-mobility group box-1 in the different grades of gliomas (streptavidin-peroxidase staining; magnification, ×400). (A) Normal brain tissue; (B) astrocytoma (grade II); (C) oligodendrocyte tumors (grade III); (D) glioblastoma (grade IV). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4665546_diagnostics-05-00061-f001_448995.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | A 67-year-old woman with breast carcinoma and known bone metastases, but without suspicion of progression, referred for FDG-PET/CT exam. (a) Axial PET image showing a focus of FDG uptake in the right posterior parietal lobe; (b) axial CT showing a rounded lesion with contrast enhancement ring and perilesional edema (arrow); (c) MIP image demonstrating the known multiple bone metastases; (d) fused image showing a rounded hypermetabolic new lesion consistent with brain metastases. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0768.jpg | How does the affected area on right show cells? | with intensely eosinophilic cytoplasm of tubular cells |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4154868_ppat-1004325-g003_317986.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative |
Ncf1 mutation leads to severe lung damage in response to BCG infection.Hematoxylin and eosin-stained lung sections taken from mice sacrificed after 3 days (A, B) or 4 weeks (C) of BCG infection. (A, C) representative sections from wild-type (a and d), Ncf1 mutant (b and e) and Ncf1 rescue (c and f) mice. (B) Pleural histology from wild-type (a), Ncf1 mutant (b) and Ncf1 rescue (c) mice sacrificed 3 days after BCG infection. Magnifications were ×200 (panels A a–c and C a–c) and ×1000 (panels A d–f and C d–f) and ×600 (panel B). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34659.jpg | what was this image taken with? | xr - plain film |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2740046_F5_45273.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Axial CT scan (A) and three-dimensional (3D) imaging (B) taken at the 6-month the first-operative of the foot shows increase in the lesion sizes (18 × 12 mm). (arrow: osteochondroma, arrowhead: cartilage cap). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2902476_F1_68576.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | CT scan of patient number 3 with primary hepatic sarcoma. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC545208_pmed-0020019-g003_1118.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Showing Blood in the Arterial Wall and Narrowing of the Lumen of the Left Internal Carotid ArteryThis is also known as the “crescent sign,” a hallmark of internal carotid artery dissection. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3423045_F2_150734.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Alexa Fluor546-dextran labels late endosomes/lysosomes in WT andGFAP-/-Vim-/- mouse astrocytes. Fluorescence images of WT (a) and GFAP-/-Vim-/- (b) astrocytes labeled with dextran and immunostained with antibodies against LAMP1, a marker of late endosomes/lysosomes. Merged images (overlay) show that the majority of dextran puncta are colocalized with LAMP1 puncta. Lower panels (insets) show boxed regions at higher magnification. Scale bars: 10 μm, 2 μm (insets). Arrowheads point to typical structures expressing both signals. Note that the green signal corresponding to the membrane bound LAMP-1 signal encircles the luminal signal of red dextran. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00436.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Radiographic image of contrast-enhanced coronal computed tomography scan showing enlarged left parotid gland and well-defined irregular soft tissue enhancing lesion in right buccal space and subcutaneous tissue |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3674318_F1_209330.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Immunofluorescent identification of connexin expression in transfected HeLa cells. HeLa cells expressing Cx43 (A) and Cx26 (B) stained with antibodies to Cx43 and Cx26, respectively, show typical punctate staining of Cx43 and Cx26 gap junction plaques at cell–cell contact areas, as well as Cx43 and Cx26 localization in the cell membranes of single cells. Green labeling represents staining of connexin proteins, while blue shows DAPI staining of cell nuclei. The right panels show bright field images. Scale bar, 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4581416_Fig3_426556.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | A 42-year-old patient with an adamantinoma of the left proximal tibia. a X-ray showed the lesion located at the proximal part of the left tibia. b MRI showed the knee joint was not involved by the tumor. c The structural bone and the periosteum were preserved after the tumor was cleared away. d X-ray showed the devitalized bone matched well with the host bones after the operation. e X-ray showed the cutting lines was disappeared, and the devitalized bone integrated well with the host bone at each ends 11 months after the operation |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3063820_F2_91024.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Light and fluorescence microscopy of various tissues from Artemisia annua. A and B: Flower bud; C and D: young leaf; E and F: old leaf; G and H: stem; I and J: root; K and L: hairy root. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4682794_pone.0143663.g001_454067.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Morphology of human dental pulp cells after exposure to CQ for 24 hours.
(A) Control (solvent), (B) 1 mM CQ, (C) 2 mM CQ, (100x, original magnification), (D) Quantitative cytotoxicity of CQ on dental pulp cells as analyzed by MTT assay. Results were expressed as % of control (as 100%). *denotes statistically significant difference (p<0.05) when compared with solvent control group. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3255457_fig5_121681.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | 3D receiving coils. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3658564_fig2_205541.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Ultrasonographic appearance of the liver in a water bath. 1: parietal surface of the liver, 2: liver parenchyma, 3: water. Notice the acoustic enhancement induced increase in echogenicity of the liver surface adjacent to the transducer. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4351098_pone.0118948.g001_364552.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | An example of the input data and ROIs used for fiber tracking.The seeding/target ROIs are overlaid on registered anatomical images. (A-C) ROIs in the axial, sagittal and coronal planes include the LGN seed (blue), V1 target (red) and waypoint (green) areas, a frontal/midline exclusion zone (yellow) and an atlas-defined OR probability map (red/yellow) overlaid on the MNI152 standard brain. (D-F) Representative axial, sagittal and coronal slices of the ADC map. (G-I) Representative axial, sagittal, and coronal slices of an FA map. (J-L) FOD plots for each voxel and the optic radiation (yellow) overlaid on the FA map in the region of Meyer’s loop indicated by the cross-hairs in (G-I). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2884036_pone-0011078-g001_65977.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | XFM analysis of the mammary gland from non-lactating and lactating mice.Mouse mammary gland (20 µm) was visualized by phase contrast microscopy (20× magnification) and analyzed using XFM. The alveoli lumen (L) is surrounded by a single layer of mammary epithelial cells (MEC). The corresponding element (phosphorus, P; zinc, Zn) and its minimum and maximum threshold values in micrograms per square centimeter are given above each image. The rainbow-colored scale bar reflects the signal intensity measured as micrograms per square centimeter in each pixel, with darker pixels representing areas of low concentration and brighter pixels representing areas of increasing concentration. A scale bar (20 µm) is shown below the elemental maps. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gm0s567071u1ep0fwvf.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2766893_F0013_48741.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Osteoclastoma treated by the old combined method of irradiation and surgery. (A) Before irradiation (pre-operative), (B) Immediately after irradiation, (C and D) 8 months after curettage and post-operative irradiation. There is good consolidation; the condition has not recurred till today-nearly 7 years since treatment. (This method of treatment has since been given up) |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4022958_Fig2_289336.jpg | Describe the following image in detail |
a Preoperative AP radiograph, right thumb of 40 yo female with rheumatoid arthritis and metacarpophalangeal joint instability and arthritis (Pt. 9). b Preoperative lateral radiograph, right thumb of Pt. 9. c Preoperative oblique radiograph, right thumb of Pt. 9. d Postoperative (5 weeks) AP radiograph, right thumb of Pt. 9 showing intramedullary compression device and fusion of metacarpophalangeal joint. e Postoperative (5 weeks) lateral radiograph, right thumb of Pt. 9 showing intramedullary compression device and fusion of metacarpophalangeal joint. f Postoperative (5 weeks) oblique radiograph, right thumb of Pt. 9 showing intramedullary compression device and fusion of metacarpophalangeal joint |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3350115_fig1_137450.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | (a) Proptosis of the left eye, (b), (c), and (d) computed tomography (CT) scans of the orbit that showed an extraconal mass involving the superior and lateral wall of the left orbit with destruction of the orbital bone, incorporating the lateral rectus, with calcifications. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4119939_F3_311055.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | TEM microscopy. Cross-sectional TEM images showing: (a) a pit and (b) Ge wires grown inside a polishing-induced trench. The topmost black layer is the protective Pt film deposited for FIB cross-sectioning. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2360679_fig2_21335.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Expression of ERβ and Ki67 in ERα-negative tissue microarray cores. (A–C) ERα-negative tumour cores stained with the specific ERβ1 antibody (GC17/385P) showing negative, medium and high expression (a–c; H-scores of 0, 150 and 225, respectively); (D–F) ERα-negative tumour cores stained with total ERβ antibody (14C8) showing negative, low and high expression (H-scores of 0, 25 and 100, respectively); (G–I) ERα-negative tumour cores showing negative, medium and high expression for Ki67, a proliferation marker (% positive, 0, 60 and 90%, respectively). Magnification × 500. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4021862_F2_288856.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating no evidence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. A Axial view, T2 weighted images showing both pericardial and bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than left. Right ventricular wall irregularities and right greater than left intracavitary tumor formation, partially obstructing the right atrial and the right ventricular flow. B Sagittal view, T2 weighted images evidencing intracavitary tumor formation and both pericardial and bilateral pleural effusions. No evidence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy could be observed. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2813121_F0001_55657.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Upper panel: Left, fistulous communication between arterial and venous system; Right, showing aneurysm (F: fistula and A: aneurysm) Lower panel: Left, fistula closed; Right, check angiogram showing an absence of AVF (C: Coils) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3885687_pone-0085163-g004_257523.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | BOLD activation for the group during the pre-exercise fMRI (left).BOLD activation for the group after exercise (middle). The main task effect z-stat maps are shown as the red to yellow colour scale. The left parietal operculum was identified as significantly different on the paired session effect as seen on the blue colour scale z-stat map (right). Images are shown in radiological convention. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0325.jpg | Why are the alveolar septa thickened? | due to congested capillaries and neutrophilic infiltrate |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4241694_fig2_338741.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Transthoracic echocardiography before and after valvuloplasty shows a calcified, stenotic aortic valve with AVA of 0.8 cm2 by planimetry and continuity equation (VTI). Postvalvuloplasty there is demonstrated improvement in aortic valve gradients as well as AVA. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3872054_brainsci-02-00667-f004_254079.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Composite activation maps showing areas of increased BOLD activation in rats presented with an empty presentation stage, stage with pups, and pups in the presence of a male intruder rat. Data are shown for control and cocaine treated rats on day 2 following initial exposure to pups and on day 8 after repeated sessions of exposure in their home cage. Color scale hue indicates percent change in signal intensity. Regions of interest are indicated to the left. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC1892781_F1_11710.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Doppler ultrasonography shows hypervascular area in the tumor. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4287504_Fig2_349166.jpg | Describe the image concisely. |
Microscopic findings. A: Severe inflammation with atypical glands proliferation (Hematoxylin-eosin staining, original magnification ×100). B: Atypical glands with invasive pattern, indicating adenocarcinoma (Hematoxylin-eosin staining, original magnification ×400). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1106.jpg | Is stress present? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2981898_F0002_78528.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Ten years follow-up X-rays of a 65-year-old female showing osteolysis in all seven femoral and all three acetabular zones but clinically patient was asymptomatic |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4154781_pone-0106864-g007_317953.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Whole-body CT of the normal and transgenic pigs.Neither structural differences nor abnormal lesions were observed in the DsRed pig. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q21edv08329nobdqci.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris iia |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl3s3sf071u5nxyezr2.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4465663_fig7_396153.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Scanning electron microscope micrographs showing the morphological features of cells cultured on CSH and Mg/CSH composite specimens. Images of cells cultured on CSH (a) and 10% Mg/CSH composite specimens (d) for 3 days; images of cells cultured on CSH (b) and 10% Mg/CSH composite specimens (e) for 7 days; images of cells cultured on CSH (c) and 10% Mg/CSH composite specimens (f) for 14 days. Magnification: ×500. Scale bar: 50 μm. Mg: magnesium; CSH: calcium sulfate hemihydrate. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz9dox0086u1in86pcf.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3257721_nutrients-03-00987-f001_121991.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Oil Red O staining of frozen liver sections from control, pair-fed and fructose-fed mice. These sections are visualized at 100× magnification. The red staining corresponds to lipids and the blue stain corresponds to nuclei, respectively. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2709.jpg | What does this image show? | abdominal aorta |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3109785_F0006_98136.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Kidney biopsy slide stained with hemotoxylin-eosin stain and periodic acid Schiff stain (PAS), viewed under 400× magnification shows an enlarged glomerulus with increased mesangial matrix and mesangial interposition with diffuse membrane thickening. Tubules and interstitium are normal |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_3007.jpg | What is atherosclerosis left? | anterior descending coronary artery |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2265766_pbio-0060051-g004_18736.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Dynamic Redistribution of EYFP-Tagged CK-B during Phagocytosis.Time-lapse microscopy of zymosan (A and D), COZ (B and E), or IgG-opsonized zymosan (C and F) uptake in RAW 264.7 cells stably transfected with EYFP-CK-B (A–C) or EYFP (D–F). Photos represent a single frame at the peak of accumulation from a time-lapse recording; arrows mark the start of the corresponding line plot visualizing accumulation of signal in the cup. Bars indicate 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4366097_pone.0121220.g001_369479.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Segmentation of the regions of interest (ROI) CE-T1 tumor and T2 peritumoral edema.Glioblastoma of the left temporal lobe in patient 6. Coregistered images from the different sequences showing an exemplary slice of the whole tumor volume for this patient. A) CE-T1 tumor ROI (red line) segmented on CE T1-weighted image while thoroughly excluding central necrosis. B) T2 peritumoral edema ROI (green line) segmented on T2-weighted image. C) Coregistered ADC map and D) MTRasym contrast illustrating both ROIs. The glioblastoma tumor and the cerebrospinal fluid in sulci and ventricles display hyperintense on NOE mediated CEST based on MTRasym. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4499616_fig2_405402.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | 3D midesophageal aortic valve short-axis view. In (a), the valve is opening. Note the vegetation on all three leaflets. In (b), the valve is closed and vegetation can be seen obstructing the point of coaptation. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3654714_fig1_204542.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Multiple peritoneal metastases after surgery were confirmed by a PET-CT whole-body scan in February 2011 (A). The irregular speculated soft tissue mass in the proximal superior mesenteric artery lesion (20 mm; (a)) and the right side mesentery mass (32 mm; (b)) disappeared in the recent CT scans ((a′) and (b′)) after only aRVS treatment. All the metastases disappeared in the recent PET-CT scans in February 2012 after only aRVS treatment (B). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_43307.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Magnetic resonance imaging showing flow signal void along the saggital sinus and transverse sinus, diagnostic of venous sinus thrombosis |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3903486_pone-0085843-g003_261633.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Gray matter volume increase in TLE-HS and TLE-NL.VBM demonstrated areas of gray matter increase in TLE-HS and TLE-NL. A: shows the areas of gray matter volume increase in TLE-HS (two-sample T-test, p<0.001, uncorrected, minimum threshold cluster of 30 voxels); B: shows the areas of gray matter volume increase in TLE-NL (two-sample T-test, p<0.001, uncorrected, minimum threshold cluster of 30 voxels). TLE-HS: temporal lobe epilepsy with MRI signs of hippocampal sclerosis; TLE-NL: temporal lobe epilepsy with normal MRI; VBM: voxel based morphometry; T: t-value; L: left; R: right. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4159111_pbio-1001947-g001_319040.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Month-by-month maps of sailing yacht transits around the world.Data are collected from the YOTREPS network (http://www.pangolin.co.nz/) of cruising yachts worldwide and plotted with Esri ArcGIS 10.2.1. Density of yacht traffic is highest in red. Note the seasonal patterns of transits in the various oceans: high density of traffic during the “Coconut Milk Run” in the Pacific beginning in April, eastward Atlantic ocean traffic during the boreal summer and westward during the boreal winter, and passages to Alaska in the heart of the boreal summer. Used with permission. Esri, DigitalGlobe, 2014. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2915.jpg | Does this image show apoptosis in prostate after orchiectomy? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4372376_pone.0121674.g004_371287.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Characteristic apoptotic, necrotic and oncotic cells in transmission electron microscope (TEM).
A. Apoptotic cell, overall view, 2800 ×. B. necrotic cell, 2800 ×. C. oncotic cell, 2800 ×, D. Detail of apoptotic cell nucleus, 5600 ×. E. Detail of necrotic cell, 14000 ×. F. Detail of oncotic cell cytoplasm, 11000 × magnification. Red arrow—nuclear fragmentation. Black arrow—rupture of plasmatic membrane. White arrow—karyolysis. Yellow arrow—reticular nucleolus. Dark blue arrow—dilatation of nucleus. Green arrow—dilatation of ER and Golgi. Pink arrow—cytoplasmic bleb. Light blue arrow—chromatin condensation. Violet arrow—formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles. Orange arrow—initial lysis of nucleolus. Brown arrow—mitochondrial swelling. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1519.jpg | What does this image show? | uterus |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4159573_Fig1_319161.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image |
Pycnogonid visual neuropils studied with focused ion beam SEM technique. A, three-dimensional volume of low-resolution image stack; note sharp xz- and yz-projections due to almost perfect alignment of FIB-SEM. B, backscattered electron image of mesa at beginning of milling by FIB-SEM. Bar 100 μm. C–F, short consecutive image series at beginning of stack; note minor but visible structural change from slice number 80 (C) to slice number 83 (F). Bar 10 μm. Arrowhead, visual tract projecting through cell body rind; Th, thickening; VN1, visual neuropil 1. SEM, scanning electron microscopy. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2841143_F9_59534.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Immunofluorescent staining of ErbB1-4 receptors, phospho-ErbB2 and phospho-ErbB4 receptors in +SA cells after treatment with, γ-tocotrienol (γT3), erlotinib (E), gefitinib (G), alone or in combination. +SA mammary tumor cells were plated at a density of 2 × 105 cells per well in 6 well plate (3 replicates/group) and incubated with control or treatment media for 4 days. The cells were then fixed with methanol and incubated with primary antibody directed against specific ErbB receptors followed by rhodamine conjugated secondary antibody, as described in the Methods section. Magnification is 200×. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3534439_fig3_176486.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Vascular abnormalities seen on parenchymal imaging. Left: Venous thrombosis in the sagittal sinus (Top: empty delta sign on contrast CT scan; Bottom: thrombosis in the transverse sinus on MRI) Middle: Other vascular abnormalities (Top: contrast CT showing a vein of Galen malformation in a child with proptosis; ‘tramline’ calcification on CT in a child with Sturge–Weber syndrome) Bottom: Abnormal arteries seen as filling defects (Top: collaterals in moyamoya; Bottom: giant arteriovenous malformation) Right: |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3856422_fig11_250243.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | (online color at: http://www.lpr-journal.org) Three-dimensional images of islet vascular in the mouse pancreas. (a)–(e) Images of transmitted light (left) and fluorescence (right) at different depths in the pancreatic tissue specimen (vascular: cyan; nuclei: red). (f)–(i) Separate and merged stereo images of blood vessels and the islet/pancreatic structure. (h) and (i) Projections from the top and bottom halves of the imaged area. Dimensions of the scanned volume: 369 µm (x) × 369 µm (y) × 225 µm (z, depth). (j) and (k) Two typical three-dimensional projections of the islet vascular network 49. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4009826_fig11_285900.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Exclusion of ER-transmembrane proteins at the cER bud neck.(A) localization of the indicated ER membrane resident proteins (green) and the ER luminal marker dsRed-HDEL (red) at the bud neck of the same cells. (B) Classification of Sec61-GFP exclusion from the bud neck in three groups: total exclusion (green), partial exclusion (grey) and no exclusion (red). (C) Evaluation of Sec61-GFP exclusion from the bud neck in wild type and mutant cells of indicated genotype, using the classification above. Arrowheads indicate exclusion, arrows indicate no exclusion. Representative cells are shown. n > 100 cells. Scale bars = 2 µm.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01883.013 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4692838_Fig1_456895.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Angiographic pictures of the haemodynamic study in patient no. 15. All views are in left anterior oblique (LAO) showing the haemodynamic effects of stimulation from the coronary sinus lead and LV endocardial stimulation in the mid-posterolateral area (left upper panel), basal posterolateral area (left lower panel), LV septum (right upper panel) and lead positions after LV endocardial implantation of a permanent lead in the LV basal posterolateral segment. Arrows indicate the position of the bipolar pacing lead |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3280110_pone-0031179-g002_125748.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Coronally reconstructed micro-CT images.Imaging of the liver of a C57BL/6J mouse was performed 3 hours after i.v. injection of 100 µl of a nanoparticular contrast agent (ExiTron nano 12000). The color-coding of the single liver lobes corresponds to the color coding presented in Figure 1. The slice orientation in relation to the spine is shown in the lower right corner. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic50898.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | cerebellar hemangioblastoma |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_29301.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Proliferative changes in the accessory breast tissue in the axillary region. There is no evidence of mass lesion. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3716898_F14_218976.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | 20 month old infant prior to (upper row) and following (lower row) occlusion of a right lower lobe pulmonary arteriovenous fistula with an Amplatzer device. Contrast enhanced MRA performed at 3T: shown are 3D volume rendered reconstructions (A,D), maximum intensity projections, sagittal plane (B,E), and procedural angiographic images (C,F). Images (A-C) are prior to embolization, (D-F) post embolization. Only minimal signal void is present and occlusion of the arteriovenous shunt is unequivocally confirmed. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3742844_Fig12_224721.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery in a 61-year-old man with an unruptured cerebral aneurysm. a: Arch aortography, frontal view. b: Right anterior oblique view. The left common carotid artery, right common carotid artery, and right subclavian artery branch off the aortic arch in that order, finally wrapping around the posterior side of the trachea and esophagus with a protruding Kommerell’s diverticulum, which is the vestige of the left aortic arch. Stenosis and post-stenotic dilatation of the aberrant left subclavian artery are visible beyond Kommerell’s diverticulum. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1156956_F2_2327.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Expression of SPHK1 in PCLS from different mouse strains studied via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Representative confocal laser scanning micrographs of double labeling immunohistochemistry demonstrates the restriction of SPHK1-immunoreactivity to smooth muscle cells, identified by immunoreactivity for the marker protein α-smooth muscle actin (α-sma). SPHK1a-immunoreactivity was present in peripheral airway smooth muscle of knock-out animals (M2R-KO, a-d) and wild-type (M2R-wt, e-h, FVB, i-l). Granular immunoreactivity could be detected in the cytoplasm and in the membrane of smooth muscle cells. Bars = 50 μm |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4540119_f3_415468.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Time-lapse images of LNs (LN521-, PLL+LN521-, LN111-, and PLL+LN111-)-coated single Plastic MCs being incorporated into cells/MC aggregates, the arrow indicating the particular MC being incorporated. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3639801_F1_202086.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Bone biopsy (Goldner'strichrome, magnification 40x) showing in red, the unmineralized matrix and in green the mineralized bone matrix. A- in a healthy control: the trabecular micro-architecture and connectivity are normal. B- in a patient with IJO: in addition to a global thinning of the trabeculae, there are disconnections within the trabecular network. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4260863_pone-0114247-g010_343096.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Inmunohistochemistry of AQP 5.The dye stakes the alveolar network and the surface of type 1 pneumocytes perfectly. Staining is more intense with longer MV exposure times (Groups 2H and 4H). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4684506_pone.0145174.g005_454598.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Intact collagen IV meshwork is essential for size-dependent molecule retardation.
A. Control stain of BM specific collagen IV protein after enzymatic collagenase IV treatment. Comparative detection of laminin-5 protein demonstrated the colocalization of residual collagen IV protein within the remaining BM structure. B. The time-lapse of dextran influx in collagenase IV treated MCF10A acini with highly-developed BM (semi-matured group) is independent of the dextran tracer size. Left panel (0 min): bright field images. Other panels: representative dextran signal appearance (contrast inverted images) at indicated locations was independent from dextran molecular weights. IC: Intercellular cleft signal. Scale bars = 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3541148_pone-0053301-g002_177935.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Histochemical examination of collagen-induced arthritis in experimental mice.The tissue structures of the paw (A–C), knee (E–F) and ankle (G–I) were histochemically examined. Synovial hyperplasia and inflammation, cartilage destruction and bone resorption with pannus formation were observed in the arthritic joints of the collagen-treated TXNDC5-Tg mice (n = 5) but not in WT (n = 5) and TXNDC5-Tg mice treated with BSA (n = 5). Single arrow represents synovial membrane, and double arrow indicates joint cartilage. Magnification: 200×. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4687928_pone.0145301.g004_455566.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Immunohistochemistry-based protein profiling of elevated genes in urinary bladder that are expressed in intermediate/basal layer cells.Of the 90 elevated genes in urinary bladder, KRT17 (tissue enhanced gene), PCP4L1 (tissue enhanced gene) and ATP1A4 (tissue enhanced gene) are localize specificity in intermediate/basal layer cells in urothelium. All images are from the Human Protein Atlas. Titles on each images are gene and antibody names of concerned proteins. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2821394_F1_56623.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Brain magnetic resonance images. (a) Brain magnetic resonance image scanning T2 weighted image showing high signal of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cranial nerves (arrow). (b) Brain magnetic resonance image scanning T1 after gadolinium showing enhancement of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cranial nerves (arrow). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4231224_fig02_336165.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Histological analysis of control and afadin conditional knockout (CKO) skin. (A, B, E, F) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of adult control (A, B) and afadin CKO (E, F) skin. A and E are lower, and B and F are higher magnification photographs. (C, D, G–P) Immunohistochemistry of adult control (C, D, I–L) and CKO (G, H, M–P) skin using the antibodies shown at the top of each photograph. Dotted lines in G and J indicate basement membrane. Scale bars: 80 μm in A, E, 25 μm in B, C, D, F–P. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3965472_pone-0092830-g010_276512.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Magnetic resonance imaging to visualize contrast dye following submucosal vaginal injections.50 μl of Gd-G5DOTA dendrimer was injected submucosally at two sites within the vagina followed immediately by MR imaging. Within minutes of injection, draining internal iliac LN and upstream common iliac LN were clearly visible. This 3D rendering image is shown only in posterior view and is representative of the 2 animals examined by MRI. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q41eh70832e59jh9e0.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris iia |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3025945_F2_85370.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Comparison of abscission layers across weedy Oryza populations. Panels A-F are shattering BHA_1A05, Panels G-L are shattering SH_1A08, Panels M-R are non-shattering MXSH_1B06. Each individual was collected 1 week prior to flowering (Prior), at flowering (Flowering) and 1 week after flowering (After). Arrows point to the region of the abscission zone while white boxes outline the region magnified further. Abscission layers can be seen as darkly stained bands. Images at left were taken at 10× magnification while those at right are 60× magnification. Scale bars on bottom right represent 100 μm for 10× images and 50 μm for 60× images. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1688.jpg | What is present? | lymph node |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2262.jpg | Is gastrointestinal present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3759923_f6-ijms-14-16515_228705.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Two-month-old sedc/sedc mice show detectable metachromasia within the enlarged PCS (B) compared with +/+ mice (A). Electron microscopy revealed a non-fibrillar amorphous material within the enlarged PCS (D). Images were captured at 40× magnification (Bar = 20 μm) for light microscopy (A, B) and 2100× (Bar = 2 μm) for electron microscopy (C,D). Notably, sedc/sedc chrondrocytes show significantly elongated cytoplasmic processes (CP) compared with +/+ mice. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glfs4cn071u0m2x8rre.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3038615_fig3_86958.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | A 58-year-old female developed paraplegia and paresthesias in August 2007; weakness slowly worsened. Pulse methylprednisolone and IVIG were initiated with no resolution; she continued to deteriorate. After 2-year ATT, her situation fully recovered. The MRI changes are as follows: (a) sagittal T2-weighted image showing a contiguous area of increased signal intensity spanning T2 to T3 level, (b) axial T2-weighted images reveal the strong signals, (c) axial MRI images showing focal cord enhancement, (d) after 5 months of ATT, the lesion decreased, (e) following 1-year ATT, sagittal T2-weighted MRI of the thoracic cord reveals no abnormal signals, and (f) no lesion is visible on cross-sectional T2-weighted images. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34500.jpg | is this a ct scan? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3358313_pone-0037146-g009_139051.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Histological observation of leaves treated with recombinant BSMV viruses and infected with avirulent race CYR23.Typical leaves were examined at 24, 48 and 120 hpi. Treatments a, b, c: BSMV:γ infected leaves inoculated with CYR23 examined at 24, 48 and 120 h, respectively. Treatment were d, e, f, BSMV: TaRab7 infected leaves inoculated with CYR23 examined at 24, 48, 120 h. SV, substomatal vesicle; IH, infection hypha; HMC, haustorial mother cell; NC, necrotic cell; SH, second hypha; HC, haustorium cell. Bars = 20 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02835.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | X-ray of the left hand and wrist showing a bone age of less than one year |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2845357_F0005_60427.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Photograph showing completely healed and contracted wound following six weeks of VAC application and split-thickness skin grafting |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3101722_F0002_96778.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | A 66-year-old woman who came for restaging of breast cancer. MIP image (left panel) and coronal fused images (right panel) of 18F-FDG PET/CT showed extensive hepatic and bony metastases. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2965709_F6_77273.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Three-dimensional images of isolated A. officinalis salt gland. Top view (A) and side view (B) of the same salt gland showing 8 secretory cells (arrows). Optical sections were first taken using Zeiss LSM 510. Excitation and emission wavelengths were 488 nm (12%) and >505 nm, respectively. Each three-dimensional image was constructed from the stacked images using Imaris™ (beta) 3.0. Bars = 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3847299_F7_247482.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Metachronous skull eosinophilic granuloma. Patient 27 presented with a tender palpable frontal mass 16 months after he had been treated for nasopharangeal carcinoma. Radiography of the skull demonstrated two bony erosions (arrows in a) in his frontal and occipital bone. The lesions were contrast-enhanced on the magnetic resonance image (arrow in b and c). Histological examination demonstrated Langerhans cells and eosinophils with positive immunohistochemistry for S100 and CD1a. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q41eib0832151yg688.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3340557_F3_136234.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Induced pluripotent stem cell clone spontaneous differentiation into cells of embryonic germ layers. Wilms tumor (WT)-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-iPS cell and autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)-iPS cell clones were allowed to spontaneously differentiate as embryoid bodies in suspension, followed by adherent culture for 10 to 14 days. Differentiated cells were immunostained for markers of ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm lineages β-III-tubulin (green), FOXA2 (red) and CD31 (PECAM-1) (green), respectively. Nuclei were stained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. All images were obtained at 40× magnification. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1922.jpg | Does this image show outstandingly horrible example in infant with apparent gangrene of distal and middle phalanges pseudomonas sepsis? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4194407_Fig3_327217.jpg | Describe the image concisely. |
Phase microscopic observation of MLO-Y4 osteocytes after metal ion treatment for 24 hr. Round-shaped cells that lost long dendritic cell processes characteristic to MLO-Y4 osteocytes were observed in both Co- and Ni-ion-treated cells at 0.50 mM (arrowheads). Scale bar =50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3305204_F2_130194.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | CMRI of allografts hearts from the WkHt model on POD 47 (top panels, A-E) and the Non-WkHt model on POD 41 (lower panels, F-J). (A, F) in vivo T2* MRI; (B, G) tagging MRI at ED; (C, H) tagging MRI at ES; (D, I) circumferential strain (Ecc) maps derived from tagging MRI; and (E, J) ex vivo T2* MR Microscopy (MRM). The hypointensity regions/sports appeared in A, F, E and J result from MPIO-labeled monocytes/macrophages. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4475315_Fig2_398501.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Microscopic lesions in case of endometrioma in a bitch. a Endometrioma presenting epithelial tissue in detail (arrow) similar to the endometrium forming tubules, acini or cavity structures filled with blood and surrounded by intense stroma (Hematoxylin and eosin, bar = 250 μm). b Epithelium with particulate and eosinophilic material at the apical surface, consistent with secretion (Periodic Acid-Schiff, bar = 24 μm). c Fibers of smooth muscle forming the stroma of the endometrioma (asterisk) (Masson trichrome, bar = 250 μm). d Extensive areas of bleeding in the stroma and within the lumen of tubules coated with endometrial epithelium (Hematoxylin and eosin, bar = 250 μm) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3045976_F3_88427.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | LCMR1 expression in human NSCLC. Compared with adjacent normal tissues, LCMR1 was significantly overexpressed in primary tissues and metastatic lymph nodes of patients with NSCLC respectively by immunohistochemistry analysis. (Magnification: ×100) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2666639_F6_37001.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Ki-67 and β4 integrin staining observed for MCF-10A, MCF-10AT, and MCF-10CA1a cells in three-dimensional culture. MCF-10A (top), MCF-10AT (middle), and MCF-10CA1a (bottom) cell lines stained to examine proliferation and basement membrane formation during growth in overlay three-dimensional culture. Single confocal sections stained for Ki-67 (A, E, I) indicate that only MCF-10CA1a cells continue to proliferate at day 20 in three-dimensional culture. β4 integrin (B, F, J) staining detects basement membrane deposition for all three cell lines. Nuclei were stained with Draq5 (C, G, K) and matching differential interference contrast images are shown (D, H, L). Scale bars, 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3585442_F6_189205.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Ocular lens imaged using diffusion weighting pulse sequences with combinations of different b-values and TEs. In the second set of diffusion-weighted experiments (see Materials and Methods), b-values within the range of 1300–1600 s/mm2 were tested with a range of TE from 12 to 30 ms in unidirectional diffusion-weighted scans. For the combinations tested, there was a pronounced, general loss of signal as TE was increased; as well as attenuation as b-value was increased, consistent with the results shown earlier. The lens, image slice and diffusion gradients were oriented as in Figures 4 and 5. |
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