image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/sfolder_2/PMC3879146_pcbi-1003412-g006_256040.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Group maps of CSM and CTM.Maps are displayed for the 3T (A) and 7T (B) datasets. Top: inflated representation of the group cortex. Maps are shown in the cortical region highlighted by the black square. Middle, Bottom: purple denotes tuning for fine (fast) spectral (temporal) structures; orange denotes tuning for coarse (slow) spectral (temporal) features. The white circle and square outline anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal auditory regions, respectively. The black line indicates HG. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvo9100074yfqt61zy9.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03784.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Computed tomography scan on admission (at thoracic inlet level) showing signs of cervical-mediastinal hematoma (black arrows) in the right prevertebral and paratracheal space. A marked midline shifting and compression of the trachea is evident. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3909355_F2_263248.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Pelvic computed tomography and angiography showed the source of the bleeding managed by transarterial embolization. (A) Noncontrast pelvic computed tomography (CT) revealed a blood clot (arrow) in the bladder; Contrast pelvic CT demonstrating the contrast blush suggestive of a pseudoaneurysm (arrow) (B) arterial phase CT image; (C) parenchymal phase CT image; (D, E) The pelvic angiography showing a pseudoaneurysm (arrow) of the superior vesical artery on the right side which was the source of the bleeding. (F) A successful endoluminal occlusion of the anterior trunk of the right internal iliac artery with a coil (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3131277_pone-0021297-g007_101586.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | 3D renderings of various types of microdamage.A–B: large and thin linear microcrack (L1), parallel to the surface (front and side view, 512×512×512 ROI). C–D : crack (L2) perpendicular to the surface and matching the shape of the trabecula (front and side view, (512×512×256 ROI). E–F : Parallel cracks(P) (256×256×128 ROI). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4591016_pone.0139564.g003_429091.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Confocal microscopy of osteoclasts and FBGCs.Plasma membrane (red: CD44 antibody), nuclei (blue: Hoechst nuclei staining), and actin rings (green: phalloidin staining of F-actin) were fluorescently labeled after 25 days culture on bone. Both cell types contained numerous nuclei (a, b, e, f,), actin rings (c, g; white arrow,), and podosome belts (c, g; red arrow). Sagittal views of both cell types composed from the apical side (white asterisk) showed actin structures resembling sealing zones (i, k; white arrows). Sagittal views composed from the basolateral side (red asterisk) of the cells showed round structures composed of actin (j, I; white arrow, red arrow). Scale bar = 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3279423_pone-0032030-g007_125681.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | FIP4 localises to the midbody of dividing cells independently of TSG101.HeLa cells were transfected with constructs encoding the indicated proteins. At 16–18 hours post-transfection, cells were processed for immunofluorescence microscopy and immunostained for α-tubulin. DAPI was used to visualise the nuclei. Images were acquired by confocal microscopy. Scale bar indicates 10 µm. Data are typical of at least three independent experiments. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_endocrine/train_1463.jpg | Is endocrine present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2957857_fig6_76430.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | VGAT immunolabeling in SN in coronal midbrain section of rats after 12.5 minutes of global ischemia at day 56. (a) VGAT-ir in sham rat. (b) Higher magnification of boxed area in (a). The insertion with hematoxylin counterstaining presents a higher magnification of VGAT-ir. Immunohistochemical analysis shows abundant puncta of VGAT-positive dots, and some of these puncta encircle an unlabeled neuron's body and its dendrites. (c)–(g): VGAT-ir in 5 ischemic rats at day 56 after injury. (h): higher magnification of boxed area in (g) shows lower density and less amount of VGAT puncta and fiber network than sham rat. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2720383_F1_42780.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | A to C. Chest X-rays of three patients with pulmonary KS showing bilateral paracardiac infiltration. Confluent lesions are most evident in C. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2775954_pone-0007932-g007_50504.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Diagnostic use of lineage-specific transcription factor “code” in evaluation of a glioblastoma of the pineal region.Examination of H&E stained sections of a pineal tumor reveals high-grade histologic features somewhat suggestive of glioblastoma (A). Immunohistochemistry showed nuclear CRX in normal pineocytes (red arrow) that are infiltrated by the invasive tumor which is negative for CRX (black arrow) (B). The germ cell marker OCT4 is absent in neoplastic cells and in pineocytes (C). However, robust expression of OLIG2 is evident in neoplastic cells but absent in infiltrated pineocytes (arrow) (D). Original magnification 400x. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4105246_F4_307554.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Imaging of live animals. Mice were imaged at 14 (A) or 21 (B) days post initiation of treatment. The images show the tumor area of four representative mice of each group. At the left side of each unit an overlay of white light images of the mice and fluorescence images (RFP: tumor; GFP: infection) are shown. On the top right side separate RFP signals respectively on the bottom right GFP signals are displayed. (C) Quantification of tumor burden (RFP signals) and viral infection (GFP signals) by scaled counts/s. (D) Calculation of the percent of infected tumor area. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4278868_pone-0114931-g003_347285.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | PTB colocalization with dsRNA in JEV-infected cells.Monolayers of Vero cells were infected with JEV at a moi of 10. At the indicated time pi, the cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with mouse dsRNA antibody, rabbit NS3 and NS5 antibodies (panel a), goat PTB antibody (panel b), followed by staining with anti-goat Alexa 568, anti-mouse Alexa 488, and anti-rabbit Alex 568 secondary antibodies. Cells were visualized after adding mounting medium with DAPI to stain the nuclei. Localization of dsRNA is shown with green fluorescence whereas PTB, NS3 and NS5 are shown with red fluorescence. Colocalization of dsRNA with PTB results in yellow fluorescence as seen in the merge panels. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1053.jpg | What does this image show? | nicotine stomatitis |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_78256.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Recurrent rectal cancer at right lateral side wall (yellow arrow), with close proximity to iliac vessels (red arrow); this requires excision of involved vascular segment and reconstruction. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4579258_Fig2_425925.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Coronal T2-weighted MRI and MR hydrography MIP images. Coronal T2-weighted MRI (a) and MIP images of MR hydrography [frontal view (b) and right anterior oblique view (c)] show an uninterrupted large cystic lesion extending from the pelvic cavity to the right inguinal region, measuring 13.5 cm in diameter with constrictions at the internal inguinal ring (arrow) and external inguinal ring (arrowhead) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4018347_pone-0097364-g008_287829.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Histone modifications at 180-bp knobs in chang7-2 root nuclei.(A) 2D image. DAPI staining signals in blue, immunosignals in green and knob 180-bp signals in red. (B) Image after 3D deconvolution. (C) The intensity signals along the white line. The horizontal axis indicates the location of the selected chromatin, and the vertical axis indicates the grey level. Scale bar = 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4612690_F3_434898.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Representative midventricular short-axis slices PET myocardial perfusion at rest and PET myocardial metabolism using 13NH3and 18FDG tracers respectively in pigs studied in the chronic (A) and acute (B) phases after myocardial infarction. From Lautamäki et al. (2009) Figure 1. With permission. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4657199_Fig1_447161.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. |
a Enhanced CT revealed contrast material extravasation within the retrocrural space on arterial phase (arrow). b Enhanced CT revealed contrast material extravasation above the pubic bone fractures on arterial phase (arrow) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyxdok8086ucxq941zi.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4154686_pone-0106346-g009_317823.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Time-lapse of vasculature-like structure formation.Time-lapse images revealed the gradual development of a neurovascular cytoarchitecture in hCMEC/hNSC coculture. Arrowheads indicate the border of VLS that became prominent after coculture for 72 h. This solid cytoarchitecture was fixed after an observation period of 168 h. The contrast at borders between hCMECs (CD31+ in red) and hNSCs (polyclonal GFAP+ in green) areas was enhanced computationally. Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, blue) serves as a nuclear counterstain. Scale bar, 200 µm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4464299_f2-mmr-12-02-1685_395659.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Morphology of the SGNs and the proportion of remaining SGNs compared with the control group. Tubulin (red) indicates the morphology of the SGNs, and DAPI (blue) indicates the nuclei. Immunofluorescence images in the (A) control group and at Glu perfusion concentrations of (B) 5, (C) 10, (D) 20 and (E) 40 mM. (F) Histogram depicting the proportion of SGNs lost in each image. White arrows indicate normal SGN; yellow arrows indicate abnormal SGN or irregular morphology. Scale bar, 50 µm. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. SGNs, spiral ganglion neurons; Glu, glutamate; con, control. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_67733.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Sagittal computed tomographic scan showing a narrowed aortomesenteric angle of 8.6 degrees. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_73179.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | The MRI study of the brain revealed prominent bilateral extra-axial C.S.F. spaces with gliosis in both posterior parieto-occipital area with prominent left lateral ventricle and cerebellar folias. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3827173_pone-0079608-g005_242902.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Microvasculature examination of functional vessels.a. Left, dense vessels were distributed regularly around the flaps of the arterial perfusion group; right, no vessels were visible in flaps of the composite skin-grafting group.b. Left, only a trunk vessel without small vessels was noted in the AVF group; right, plenty of small vessels as seen in the arterial perfusion group was visible in HR group ( the red arrow indicates the site of ligation). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_kidney/train_0134.jpg | Does the sectioned surface show replacement of almost whole kidney by the tumour leaving a thin strip of compressed renal tissue at lower end arrow? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3559449_F2_182341.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Top row: macroscopic (left) and microscopic (right; stained with hematoxylin and eosin) images of acute atrial ablation injury. Microscopic histology demonstrates transmural injury with coagulative necrosis, hemorrhage and interstitial edema. Bottom row: macroscopic (left) and microscopic (right; stained with Masson’s Trichrome) images of chronic atrial ablation injury. Microscopic histology demonstrates transmural replacement of normal atrial wall with fibrous scar tissue. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4172974_Fig7_322227.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description |
CT images of osteomyelitis. (A, B) CT imaging of a 6-year-old male Holland lop rabbit weighing 1.9 kg. Osteomyelitis of the right and left mandible following periapical infection of a premolar tooth is visible. (C, D) 3D volume-rendering reconstruction, right lateral view of the same rabbit. The 3D image shows the extent of osteomyelitis of the right mandible (C), while cross-sections (D) reveal the extent of osteomyelitis in the left mandibular region. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4619012_Fig3_436567.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Ultrastructure of chloroplast of Edamai No.6 and whs18 at different developmental stages. a Edamai No.6 at etiolated stage, b Edamai No.6 at albino stage, c Flag leaf of Edamai No.6 d Etiolated leaf of whs18, e Albinistic leaf of whs18, f Flag leaf of whs18
|
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3051913_F4_89483.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | The klarMW allele supports nuclear migration in photoreceptors. Eye discs from third-instar larvae were fixed, stained with anti-Elav to reveal photoreceptor nuclei and examined by confocal microscopy. In klarZ discs, the photoreceptor nuclei are present in apical positions; a few nuclei are visible in the basal section because the disc curves at the edges. Nuclei are absent from the optical nerve (ON). This is the pattern observed in wild-type discs [22,24]. In klarYG3 discs, many nuclei are found basally and in the optical nerve because apical migration of nuclei has failed. KlarMW discs display the wild-type pattern. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4164260_fig2_320254.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Three-dimensional multimodal slices of clinical high-grade glioma MR images. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4005143_fig2_284905.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Intra-operative uterus examination demonstrating good vascularity on postoperative day number 12. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4137046_Fig1_314022.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. |
MRI-scan two days after symptom onset. Emerging white matter lesions with slight restricted diffusion but without Gadolinium (Gd) enhancement. A) T1 Gd-enhanced, B) T2-FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery), C) DWI (diffusion-weighted imaging). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3166278_F11_107225.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Symptoms exhibited by N. benthamiana plants infected with PVX expressing the c5 gene of CLCuKoV, the βc1 gene of CLCuMB and the gfp gene. Photographs of N. benthamiana plants, and close-up views of leaves, infected with PVX expressing CLCuKoV c5 (panels A and B), CLCuMB βc1 (panels C, D, E and F) and gfp (panels G and H). The photograph in panel H was taken under UV illumination to show GFP fluorescence. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4010441_pone-0096136-g006_286018.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | p14ARF induces E7 and E7C24G to accumulate in the nucleolar compartment.MCF7 and U2OS cells were transfected with the pCMV16 E7- Flag/HA or pCMV16 E7C24G-Flag/HA vector and pcDNA3.1-p14ARF (p14ARF) by using the FuGENE 6 transfection reagent. At 48 h, samples were stained with anti-HA (green) and anti-p14ARF (red) antibodies and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy using a 60× objective. Cellular DNA was counterstained with Topro III. Superimposition of the figures confirms that nucleolar colocalization occurs only when p14ARF is expressed. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC1501076_F5.2_6001.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | M-mode echocardiography of a SVT with a long VA interval |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3917894_pone-0088423-g001_265508.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Immunolocalization of Enzyme Positive Cells before Fracture.Top image shows a mouse femur stained with safranin-O (orange) and counter stained with fast green (green) and hematoxylin (black; CB: cortical bone; scale bar: 300 um). Bottom images show immunohistochemical staining of different cell types with antibodies to COX-1, COX-2, 5-LO, or LTA4H (brown; scale bar: 50 um). Rabbit IgG was used as a negative control (Neg.). Immunohistochemistry specimens were counter stained with methyl green. The higher magnification images are labeled with the primary antibody target (COX-1, COX-2, 5-LO, LTA4H, or Neg.) and with a letter indicating cell type and location as listed in the bottom of the figure. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3448314_F2_156667.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | A,C) Craniofacial coronal and axial views showing metachronic metastasis of a previously operated hypernephroma. B, D) Axial CT view and orthopantomography after tumour excision. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2990714_pone-0014100-g008_79544.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Sequestration of PIP2 by RFP-PH affects translocation of cortical granules during meiotic maturation.Transmission EM exhibited the ultrastructure of the eggs matured in the presence of RFP-PH or the R40A proteins (330 µM, pipette concentration). (A) In the eggs microinjected with R40A, cortical granules are intimately apposed to the plasma membrane, often perpendicular to the cell surface (arrows). (B) In the eggs microinjected with RFP-PH at the GV stage, cortical granules failed to be stacked underneath the plasma membrane, and were often located at a considerable distance from the plasma membrane (arrows). Scale bar, 10 µm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qa1elf08321ksz430e.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4302292_f3_352053.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Correlation of ICG positive areas with tumor cell density.(A), The images depict the three cases operated on which the ICG angiography was carried out and the corresponding levels of tumor cell density (Map2) in the positive areas. The extent of Map2 expressing cells showed positive correlation with the intensity of the ICG signal. (B), The graphs depict quantification of the intensity of ICG fluorescence and Map2 signal. Statistical significance was calculated with the Student's t-test (mean ± S.D., *P < 0.05, n = 3 measurements per group). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3671522_fig3_208768.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Radiograph showing nail breakage at the opening for the lag screw at 14 months after surgery. The fracture shows signs of nonunion with sclerosis of the bone ends. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1475.jpg | What is present ? | endocrine |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_67902.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Patent hypoplastic LIMA with large thoracic side branch. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4172947_Fig4_322197.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. |
Identification of the membrane receptor HER2 by immunofluorescence. The IF staining pattern of the VHH A10 fused to either myc (periplasmic expression) or Fc (cytoplasmic expression) was compared with that of trastuzumab in HER2 neg and HER2 pos cells. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4077252_Fig3_302505.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Immunohistochemistry of Fas and FasL protein of spleen tissue sections. Immunohistochemical analysis shows that Fas protein (a–d) and FasL protein (e–h) accumulate in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of splenic lymphocytes. Compared with the control (a, e) and MAP groups (b, f), the staining intensity and number of cells expressing Fas and FasL increased markedly in the SAP group (c, d, g, h), especially in those animals with infectious complications (d, h; original magnification ×400). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2941677_F3_74014.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Correlations with posterior cingulate/precuneus BOLD activity. Patient's positive correlation with posterior cingulate/precuneus BOLD activity in the first (A) and second (B) scans. Results are thresholded at p < 0.05 FDR-corrected and mapped on the patient's brain. Numbers on the upper-left corner of each image refer to MNI-coordinate. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3323428_F3_133342.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | X-rays (posterior-anterior (a) and lateral (b)) the operated leg of an animal of the PDLLA-treated group at time of sacrifice. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4182447_pone-0108335-g002_324336.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Images of a 43-year-old male with a grade II astrocytoma.(A) T2-weighted image, (B) T2 FLAIR image, (C) T1-weighted image, (D) contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image, (E) ADC map with ROI placement, with the corresponding (E) 3-D height map of the ADC signal intensity, (G) histogram of ADC and (F) cumulative ADC histogram. The entropy value of ADC was 6.168. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4545419_pone.0135158.g002_416255.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | MRI scan.A giant oval mass with low signal in T1WI (A) and high signal in T2WI, appearing as the “light bulb” sign (B). DSA showing intrahepatic massive and multiple nodular tumors, developing in the early arterial phase and gradually filling to the interior, appearing as the “fast out, slow in, tree bearing fruit” sign (C and D). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4324485_fig5_357339.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Hematoxylin stained nerves (vertical arrows) exposed to different laser powers: 2, 5, and 10 Watts (W). The left column shows sections at low magnification; the right column shows the same samples at a higher magnification. At 2 W laser power setting, the neural sheath of the nerve was ablated without obvious additional damage to the nerve bundle ((a) and (b)). At 5 W and 10 W laser power settings, severe ablation of the nerve is evident ((c), (d), (e), and (f)). Also note the margin of deeper thermal damage evidenced by staining differences (double headed arrows). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3948900_Fig25_273023.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | A 76-year-old female with severe aortic stenosis assessed for potential implantation of a Medtronic CoreValve. Aortic diameter 4 cm above the plane of the aortic annulus is crucial: diameter >4.3 cm may prevent even the largest device from successfully anchoring. The 3D volume-rendered images provide landmarks to display the sites of subsequent measurements of the ascending aortic luminal diameter (a). This area is carefully measured using a centreline approach (b) with subsequent luminal measurements made in a plane orthogonal to the vessel (c) |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_37555.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | MRI midsagittal view of a Dandy-Walker malformation, showing an enlarged retrocerebellar space (*), cerebellar hypoplasia and upward displacement of the tentorium. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4328646_fig07_358322.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Lysosomal localization of LAMP2A in Ctns−/− cells is rescued by inhibition of lysosomal proteasesWT,Ctns−/− or Ctns−/− mouse fibroblasts treated for 20 h with either a combination of both leupeptin and chloroquine (CQ/Leu) or bafilomycin A (BafA) alone were fixed and immunostained with antibodies recognizing endogenous LAMP1 and LAMP2A proteins and samples were analyzed by confocal microscopy as described in Material and Methods. Lysosomal colocalization of LAMP1 and LAMP2A was evident in treated (middle lower and bottom panels) but not in untreated (middle upper panels) Ctns−/− cells. Scale bars: 5 μm. Inset scale bars: 2 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4700669_Fig7_459202.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Characterization of the mtirx1-1 mutant by UV microscopy and phloroglucinol staining. a to c, stem cross sections of wild type (a), and the mtirx1 mutant (b) were observed under UV light. c A higher magnification of the rectangle marked area in (b). Collapsed xylem phenotype is evident. The blue color is the auto-fluorescence of lignin under UV light, and the red color is the auto-fluorescence of chloroplasts. d to f, cross sections of wild type (d) and the mtirx1 mutant (e) after phloroglucinol staining. f, Staining of the mtirx1 mutant at a higher magnification. Bars = 10 μm |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1169.jpg | Why does this image show brain, infarct? | due to ruptured saccular aneurysm and thrombosis of right middle cerebral artery plasmacytic astrocytes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4072020_fig1_301470.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | [18F]Galacto-RGD PET: (A–C) patient with a soft tissue sarcoma dorsal of the right knee joint. (A) Sagittal section acquired 170 min p.i. (B) PET/CT image fusion. (C) Immunohistochemistry of a peripheral tumor section using the anti-α
v
β
3 monoclonal antibody LM609 demonstrates intense staining predominantly of tumor vasculature. (D–F) Patient with malignant melanoma and a lymph node metastasis in the right axilla. (D) Axial section acquired 140 min p.i. (E) PET/Ct image fusion. (F) Immunohistochemistry of the lymph node demonstrates intense staining predominantly of tumor cells and also blood vessels (with permission from Haubner et al. [17]). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2553188_fig3_28041.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Sample ROIs (shown in red) defined for one
subject. The V1 ROI was obtained by retinotopic mapping, the t-map ROI included common voxels from
thresholded and resampled FAIR and PET t-maps,
and the grey matter (GM) ROI was defined by Bayesian classification of the
anatomical structures. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3948513_Fig1_272839.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Saphenous vein grafting images of the graft angiography 12 years previously. Left anterior-posterior view. Right left anterior oblique view |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2993.jpg | What does this image show? | coronary artery atherosclerosis |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3549796_F1_180295.jpg | What is shown in this image? | X-ray indicating diaphragmatic Bochdaleck. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4551557_Fig2_418066.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Biopsy image of patient 7. a Transmission image of normal tissue. Fluorescence images of normal tissue under (b) F1 and (c) F2 excitation. d Binary image of normal tissue for calculating fraction dimension. e Transmission image of cancerous tissue. Fluorescence images of cancerous tissue under (f) F1 and (g) F2 excitation. h Binary image of cancerous tissue for calculating fraction dimension |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3288063_pone-0032044-g005_127602.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Laser confocal micrographs showing BUB1 in rat oocytes.Oocytes collected 19 h post hCG were aged for different times in mR1ECM before examination for BUB1. The α-tubulin, BUB1 and chromatin were pseudo-colored green, red and blue, respectively. Images in different rows show freshly collected oocyte in MII (FCO), non-SA oocytes observed at 0.5 h (NSA0.5h) and 6 h (NSA6h), and SA oocytes observed at 0.5 h (SA0.5h), 4 h (SA4h) and 6 h (SA6h) of in vitro aging, respectively. Images in different columns show α-tubulin, BUB1, chromatin and merged pictures, respectively. Scale bars are 15 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3225361_pone-0026477-g002_117355.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Subcellular localization of SYT2 in Arabidopsis.(A and B) Transient expression of SYT2-GFP in leaf epidermis cells of tobacco (A) and Arabidopsis (B) shows punctate structures in the cytoplasm. Autofluorescence of chloroplasts appears as golden structures (B). Arrows indicate the punctate structures of SYT2-GFP. Bars = 20 µM. (C–F) Expression of SYT2-GFP in stably transformed root hairs (C) and root tip cells (D–F). (E), High-magnification image of root cells in the inset in (D). Arrows indicate the punctate structures of SYT2-GFP. Bars = 20 µM. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05716.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | The Jostent polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent implantation state at the ruptured left anterior descending artery. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_22323.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Coronarography of the left coronary artery – significant stenoses of middle segment of the left anterior descending artery (white arrows) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3799014_fig02_238381.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Transverse images of a mouse inoculated with a high and low uPAR expression human tumour xenograft subcutaneously after a PET scan with 18F-FDG (Top) and 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 (uPAR PET) (Bottom), 1 h postinjection. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4172957_Fig9_322213.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision |
Immunohistologic analysis of wild type or
itr1aΔ itr3cΔ
mutant infected mouse brain. Antibody mediated immunofluorescent staining were performed using brain sections from mouse infected with the wild type H99 or the itr1aΔ itr3cΔ mutant strain. The stained sections were analyzed by confocal microscopy followed by 3D reconstructions of images. Tissue sections were stained for the host cell nuclei (DAPI, blue), fungal GXM (FITC-labeled GXM antibody 18B7, Green), host GFAP (astrocyte marker, red) or host Iba-1 (macrophage/microglia marker, red). Scale bar: 180 μm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic21661.jpg | what type of imaging modality is shown? | us - ultrasound |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3386927_pone-0040024-g002_143324.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Immunohistochemical staining of DNMT3a, DNMT3b, and DNMT1 proteins in benign ovarian tumorsRepresentative examples of negative (A, E, I), weakly positive (B, F, J), moderately positive(C, G, K), and strong positive (D, H, L) immunostaining for DNMT3a, DNMT3b, and DNMT1 expression are shown, respectively. Magnification: ×400. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3836850_pone-0081637-g004_245492.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Live cell imaging of pericytes in COSC from EYFP-NG2 mice.Lectin stained microvessels in COSC appeared as red labeled vascular structures that were surrounded by EYFP-NG2 expressing pericytes (A, insets). Pericytes could be identified for up to 3 DIV 3 (B). Co-stainings with PDGFR beta (C, D), Cl-5 and NG2 demonstrate that perivascular EYFP-NG2 expressing cells are indeed pericytes (E, insets). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3423404_pone-0040987-g002_150882.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Top down SEM images and AFM of the structurally modified surfaces' multiscale structures were taken.Features are shown in (A) shrunk, bimetallic PO, (B) transferred in PDMS, and (C) imprinted in PS from PDMS. Scale bar is 10 µm for the large SEM images and 2 µm for the insets. (D) AFM 3D image of the morphology and height profile. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qv1fbj08322yq17mq6.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3877120_pone-0083928-g005_255233.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Binding of anti-flagella pentabodies to intact flagellar filament.Fluorescence microscopy showing FlagV1P (A) and FlagV6P (B) pentabody binding to C. jejuni flagella. Fluorescently labelled FlagV1P and FlagV6P were hybridized with either C. jejuni strain 81–176, 81–176 flaA−flaB−, or C. jejuni strain 11168. (C) Fluorescence microscopy showing polyclonal anti-81–176 flagella binding to both strains, 81–176 and 11168. Representative fields of view are shown for all images at the same magnification, as indicated by the 5 µm bar. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4007571_F1_285273.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Diagnostic images of case 1 and case 3. (A) T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of representative radiologic response to vaccination in case 1 who achieved complete response. (B) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) of case 1. Diffusely infiltrated lymph node metastases around the hepato-duodenal ligament by MRI (A, left side) as well as PET (B, left side) were confirmed their disappearance by MRI and PET analysis after 10 months of vaccination (A &B, right side). (C) Computed tomography in case 3 who achieved stable disease. The massive liver metastases were kept stably for 5 months. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4381098_Fig6_373739.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Dependent lung changes. Axial high-resolution T2-weighted postmortem magnetic resonance imaging in a term stillbirth. There are dependent changes in both lungs, which are a normal finding. There is also normal postmortem sedimentation or layering of blood in the heart, shown as a fluid-fluid level (white arrow). Note that by imaging earlier in the postmortem interval in this case, fluid redistribution and gas in the heart may not yet have accumulated (compared to Figs. 4 and 5) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1431729_F2_5025.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | In situ hybridizations of fosmids to D. virilis polytene chromosomes. Fosmid DNA was labeled and used for in situ hybridization on denatured polytene chromosomes from D. virilis. Three examples are shown (left to right: contigs 106, 72, 113) demonstrating hybridization to a specific band on the dot chromosome (arrowhead). In some cases, signal is associated with the chromocenter, presumably due to repetitive sequences shared with the band on the dot. In situ hybridizations were performed with at least one fosmid from every contig from the dot chromosome with similar results (data not shown). See Table 1 for the chromosome locations of the other fosmids. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4625930_Fig5_438945.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Imaging of SiO2-NPs -labelled hMSCs in normally perfused rat hearts. a Reconstruction of a 10 µm transverse slice (juxtaposition of consequent stacks of 5× magnification) to show the localization of labelled hMSCs in normal ventricles. White points: clusters of hMSCs. Red line: perimeter of cell distribution inside normal ventricles. b Subset showing spare distribution of labelled hMSCs (red) inside cardiac tissue. Magnification 5×, scale bar 200 µm. c Representative confocal reconstruction with superposition of bright field, hMSCs (red) and nuclei (blue). The white dotted line limits the perimeter of the volume illustration showed in (d), where arrowheads stress the co-localization between labelled hMSCs (red) and nuclei (blue) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3620582_F9_197442.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Example of an associated transverse and posterior wall fracture treated through Kocher-Langenbeck approach, using a 3.5 mm reconstruction plate, two third-tubular spring plates, and a 3.5 mm anterior column screw. (A-C) Preoperative X-rays (a.p., obturator oblique, iliac oblique). (D-F) Postoperative X-rays (a.p., obturator oblique, iliac oblique). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4633538_fig2_441187.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Example of an image of a CRC tissue section analyzed by EPSTRA. (a) K8 staining (TxRed) overlaid with DAPI (blue) including Cy2 (green) and Cy5 (white) background fluorescence; (b) epithelial mask (yellow) and stromal mask (green) as found by EPSTRA; (c) the adjacent mucosa is depicted in green contours, (d) tumor center in red, (e) invasive front 1 in yellow, and invasive front 2 in pink; (f)–(h) show the corresponding epithelial mask of (c)–(e) views. Bubbles show the region of interest (ROI) identification number and its area. Bar indicates 200 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3773337_f06_231546.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Effect on 11-day old Amphiprion percula Ap-otx2 transcript abundance after settlement odour exposure for 1-day post-hatching.Lateral view after in-situ hybridisation of eyeless heads for control (C) and Xanthostemon-(X) leaf odour exposed larvae. Note that control fish were not exposed to settlement cues at any stage. Ap-otx2 transcripts are located in the olfactory area with dorso- and ventral-boundaries denoted by arrows and showing greater staining in the Xanthostemon-treated fish. Black/brown patches represent pigment cells. Circular inlet (i) and outlet (o) nostrils are indicated. Scale bar: 340 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3819505_pone-0077430-g003_241466.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Biglycan immunolocalisation in UCMD muscle biopsies.Biglican (red) and perlecan (green) conventional immunofluorescence in muscle sections of controls (A-C), UCMD patient 9 (D-F) and patient 2 (G-I) showing a variable degree of biglican reduction. Scale bar: 50 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03932.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Left sided CDH showing stomach and liver in the four chamber view and mediastinal shift of the heart to the right side. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4007776_F6_285318.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | The expression profile of tumor promoting and inhibiting proteins of tumor sections excised out from tumor bearing mice administered with complex 3 (0 and 10 mg/kg/body weight of mice). Immunohistochemical analysis of p53/p21 (upper panel), NF-қB p65/p50 subunits (middle panel), and VEGF/MMP9 (lower panel). Magnification at 20×. Scale Bar = 15 mm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2920563_f1-ijms-11-02715_71167.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | GST-pi immunostaining in human laryngeal tumors. (A) Patient 10, who had failed prior surgical treatment without radiation therapy; (B) Patient 5, who had failed prior treatment with radiation therapy; (C) Patient 7, who had failed previous treatment with radiation therapy. Positive immunohistochemical staining is brown. Images collected at 100× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4651348_pone.0141357.g005_445607.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Examples of benign (left) and malignant (right) masses in mammograms.Subsequent biopsy established histopathology ground-truth. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3875549_pone-0084579-g002_254871.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Image of left and right hind paws (upper panel) and front paws (lower panel) of experimental mouse 7.In both rows, the left image is a position image, recorded under weak light illumination before the actual imaging of UPE. Middle images represent UPE before luminol injection. Right images represent UPE immediately after luminol injection. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0395.jpg | Is a scar smaller than the original wound acute panarteritis? | no |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glps4sj071ug75952ul.jpg | Is there text? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3150248_F1_104404.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | The effects of RSV on mesangial expansion in DN. Photomicrographs of rodent glomeruli sections of CON (A), STZ-DM (B), DM-R0.1 (C) and DM-R1 (D) groups were represented at × 400 magnification from periodic acid-Schiff-stained kidney. CON: non-diabetic control, STZ-DM: streptozotocin-induced diabetes, DM-R0.1: DM treated with RSV (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, DM-R1: DM treated with RSV (1 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3591528_Fig5_190712.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | MicroPET with double enhanced CT of Wt1-Igf2 mice with bilateral renal tumors obtained at different times during development. a In one Wt1-Igf2 mouse obstractive hydronephrosis was detectable in the right kidney, which manifested by retention of 18F-FDG and CT contrast in the renal pelvis; in the left kidney, the developing tumor has gradually destroyed the whole kidney and retained a glucolytically active core. b In another Wt1-Igf2 mouse a large tumor that completely destroyed the right kidney had multiple hemorrhagic cysts (evident at gross pathologic examination), which explains the relatively lower average glucolytic activity. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4323654_f4_357239.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Experiment results of imaging the numbers behind a ground glass by using the on-axis holography.(a), Photographs of the numbers to be imaged behind a ground glass. (b), Photographs of the numbers behind a ground glass when they are illuminated directly by a He-Ne laser beam. (c), Photographs of the numbers when they are illuminated through the ground glass by a conjugated light produced by the corresponding hologram of each number. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3245292_pone-0029599-g006_119994.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Expression of MUC1 at the cell surface after stimulation with HRG.(A) MKN45-1 cells were stimulated with HRG for the indicated time. A second dose of HRG was given after incubation for 24 h for the 2-day cultures. Muc1, with or without permeabilization, was stained with anti-MUC1 antibody. On the right sides, Nomarski views of the same cells are shown. (B) Effect of inhibitors for various signaling molecules on MUC1 expression at the cell surface was examined. MKN45-1 cells were cultured for 2 days in the presence of HRG. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_69448.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | CT chest, scout image.There is leftward shift of the cardiomediastinal silhouette (red arrow) with hyperinflation of the right lung; no evidence of left lobe collapse. The left hemithorax is asymmetrically smaller when compared to the right (black arrow). There is central left-sided bronchiectasis with opacification of the left lower lung field. Incidental note is made of a right-sided aortic arch (blue arrow). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3009746_pone-0015462-g007_82306.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Centrosome irradiation causes a change in microtubule organization.Images A,E show GFP fluorescence prior to laser irradiation. Images B,F are immediately following laser exposure. Inset shows a magnified image of the GFP fluorescent centrosome region. Images C,D,G,H show cells fixed 2 or more hours following irradiation, and stained for B-tubulin. Cells with similar morphology prior to irradiation were matched horizontally. Cells with an irradiated centrosome display a nonpolarized microtubule network, unlike cytoplasm irradiated cells. Scale bar = 20 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_23259.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Computerized tomography view before calcitonin therapy. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01837.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | T1 gadolinium-enhanced brain magnetic resonance image with a sagittal view showing a track-like intracranial enhancement of the suspected foreign body. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4558050_pone.0137329.g001_420192.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Squamous cell carcinoma of the lower trachea and involvement of right main bronchus.MDCT axial image (A), MPR (coronal, B; sagittal, C), VR (D) and VB (E) images disclosed a wide based and irregular tumor, protruded into endolumen with severe eccentric lumenial stenosis, still homogeneous density and fairly obvious enhancement, extending to right main bronchus, and longitudinal involvement of 53.7 mm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4323071_fig5_357082.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Clinical case. Dipyridamole stress-CMR in a 62-year-old man with familiar history of CAD and hypertension, referred to chest pain. Cine images at rest (Panel (a)) showed akinesis of anterior interventricular septum (arrow). Under stress, first pass perfusion images showed a large perfusion defect in anterior wall of left ventricle (Panel (b), arrow) without matched wall motion abnormalities (Panel (c), arrow). Late gadolinium enhancement images show an unknown transmural myocardial infarction of anterior interventricular septum (Panel (d), arrow). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3794953_pone-0076626-g004_236936.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Modeling the neural medium using DMS.The image at the center shows the immunostaining of neural tissues, and the others are the 3D renderings of simulated glial cells (colored in red) at different time points. The cell gradually expanded due to the effect of dynamic morphological evolution function. Dark blue spheres and light blue curves represented the diffusing particles and their motion trajectories. |
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