image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC2229663_pone-0001608-g005_17199.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Placental malaria.HE stained placentas from BALB/c females infected with P. berghei-GFP and collected at G18. (A) Image from severely infected placenta with high number of parasitized maternal erythrocytes. (B) The same field as (A) under polarization microscopy revealing hemozoin parasite pigment. (C) Arrowhead and insert show an infected erythrocyte adhered to the syncytiotrophoblast layer. (D) Placental section with infected erythrocytes (arrowhead) in the maternal blood and fetal erythroblasts that were enhanced in the insert. Scale bar represents 30 μm in (A, B and D) and 20 μm in (C). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06053.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Post-endoscopic third ventriculostomy bilateral chronic subdural haematoma |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3818441_F4_241250.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Sequential computed tomography scans of pig No. 22 in Experiment 2. Pig No. 22 was infected with B. bronchiseptica at the age of 4 days (D0) and P. multocida at the age of 8 days (D4). Severe turbinate atrophy and nasal septum deviation (nasal lesion score 16–18) developed that progressed throughout the whole observation period. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4115216_F6_310004.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Effects of HP-R1, HP-R2 and HP-R3 on cartilage cells of AA rats. A: Control group; B: AA model group; C: AA rats administered with HP-R1; D: HP-R2; E: HP-R3. (H&E staining, magnification 10×). n = 4 per treatment group. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2291058_F5_19992.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Syncytial streamers (ST) in the subplacenta (SP) and in the decidua expressed VEGF, Flt-1, KDR, B2R and eNOS in days 20, 40 and 60 of pregnancy. Bar = 100 μm. Rectangle defines the area shown at a higher magnification (400×) in Figure 6. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4508473_fig2_407781.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | (a) PET-CT before radiotherapy showing bilateral abnormal uptake in cervical bilateral adenopathy and in right tonsil; (b) and (c) PET-CT 2 and 4 months after radiotherapy showing the persistence of FDG uptakes in the previous involved site. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_38835.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Lateral view on magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and aorta: The 180° acute angle of ascending aorta over itself, produces the characteristic “inverted v sign” on magnetic resonance imaging angiogram |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxve90kc074y6yaecqgy.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_79744.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | NHL. Axial contrast-enhanced abdominal CT shows retroperitoneal lymph nodes (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3444466_pone-0045308-g003_155437.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Ki-67 staining for cell proliferation index.Representative Ki-67 staining of A549 cells grown in (a) 2D culture and (b) the ex vivo 3D lung model. (c) There was significantly more Ki-67 staining in the ex vivo 3D lung model (23.8±2.9%, n = 4) compared with the 2D culture (6.7±0.9%, n = 3, p<0.0001). Error bar represents standard error of the mean. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4551368_Fig2_417978.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Aortogram showing aortopulmonary collateral artery opacifying the lobar superior pulmonary artery (Panel a). Hyperperfusion of the right upper lobe and hypertrophied venous return (Panel b) |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_32052.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | 2 years after presentation, progressive presentation of a reducible and asymptomatic Lumbar hernia. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4606562_f1_433569.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Immunohistochemistry analysis of tissue sections from different regions of the CNS using anti-C. glabrata antibodies.CNS sections from patient AD1 and control individual C1 were obtained from fixed tissue and immunohistochemistry analysis by confocal microscopy was carried out as detailed in Materials and Methods. EFC: external frontal cortex; CEH: cerebellar hippocampus; ERH: entorhinal cortex/hippocampus; CP: choroid plexus. DAPI appears in blue, anti-C. glabrata is shown in green and TauT100 in red. The different panels in the figure are indicated. Scale bar: 5 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4329203_Fig1_358490.jpg | Describe the following image in detail |
Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of an astrocytoma recorded in 2004. (A-C) Head CT shows a lesion that appears as a low-density region in the left lateral ventricle trigone that is exerting pressure on the surrounding tissues; the central structure remains visible in the middle of the brain. (D-F) MRI imaging showing low signaling on T1WI and high signaling T2WI and FLAIR imaging showing slightly higher signaling; the lesion was located at the trigone. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3416675_F3_149253.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | B. burgdorferiinduces apoptosis in MO3.13 oligodendrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis detected by the in situ TUNEL assay (green) in MBP-stained differentiated MO3.13 cells (red), in medium control (A) and after incubation with live B. burgdorferi for 48 h at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10:1 (B), 100:1 (C), and 500:1 (D), as visualized by confocal microscopy. (E) : Graphical representation of the percent apoptosis as detected by the in situ TUNEL assay in differentiated MO3.13 cells held in medium control and after incubation with live B. burgdorferi at MOIs of 10:1, 100:1, and 500:1, respectively, for 48 h (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3597602_pone-0059276-g004_191677.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Role of TLR4 in endothelial ICAM-1 expression and pulmonary neutrophil infiltration by E. coli OMVs. C57BL/6 wild-type and TLR4-/- mice were intraperitoneally administered with PBS or E. coli OMVs (15 µg in total protein/mouse). Three hours after the administration, the lungs were harvested (n = 3). A. Immunohistochemistry with confocal microscopy of ICAM-1 (green), endothelial cell marker CD31 (red), and nuclei (blue) in the lungs (scale bars, 50 µm). White arrows indicate ICAM-1 positive endothelial cells. B. The quantitative analysis of ICAM-1/CD31 co-localization. C. The number of neutrophils per field was determined as described in Figure 3D and 3E. **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. Results are represented as means ± SEM. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4433702_fig2_386954.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image |
In vivo imaging of inflammation with two cFLFLF-derived probes in the rat knee joints treated with (right knee) or without (left knee) monoiodoacetate (MIA). (a) CFLFLF-PEG-Cy 7 probe with animal back down, at day 5 after MIA injection; (b) cFLFLF-PEG-DOTA-64Cu with animal back up, at day 5 after MIA injection (upper column: micro-CT; middle column: micro-PET; lower column: fused). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3984237_pone-0094654-g008_280603.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Transfer of enhanced imaging speed into improved heart coverage per breath-hold.Three short axis views of the heart derived from single breath-hold per slice acquisitions using coherent FSE and SCSE-FSE are shown. For comparison the same three short axis views of the heart were derived from three-fold accelerated single breath-hold acquisitions using coherent FSE and SCSE-FSE. The latter offers an effective examination time advantage of a factor of approximately six (assuming a 15 sec recovery after a breath-hold) over the single slice per breath-hold approach. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2854442_F0006_61875.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | A montage image of fluorescein angiogram of the same eye as in Figure 4. Leaking retinal telangiectasia are highlighted and an adjacent area of capillary non-perfusion is made out |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4207948_F2_330150.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | PBF and NIS colocalization in multiple cell lines. A, Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrating MYC-tagged NIS (green) localization in COS-7, HCT116, VCaP, Saos-2, SW1736, TPC1, K1, LNCaP, T47D, and A2780 cells. Bars, 20 μm. B, Confocal microscopy demonstrating PBF-HA (red) and NIS-MYC (green) expression, detected using anti-HA and anti-MYC antibodies, respectively, with specific colocalization (yellow) observed predominantly within intracellular vesicles. Bars, 20 μm. C, Confocal images of PBF pY174 (red) and NIS-MYC (blue) localization, determined using anti-pY174 and anti-MYC antibodies, respectively, in TPC1, K1, LNCaP, T47D, and A2780 cells. Specific colocalization is represented in magenta. Bars, 20 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3631238_pone-0061427-g001_200008.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Representative immunofluorescence microphotographs of NSCLC samples (Fig. 1A: ADC and Fig. 1B:SCC) with high SOX2 levels and negative SOX2.The upper panels show SOX2 fluorescence (red channel) with characteristic nuclear staining pattern (left) and lack of SOX2 positivity (right). The lower panel shows cytokeratin immunoreactivity in the tumor compartment (AE1/AE3, green channel) and nuclear staining with DAPI (blue channel). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2776534_pone-0007961-g002_50635.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Localization of bacteria ingested by C. elegans.Confocal microscopy of a live nematode that was co-cultured with E. coli DH5α, marked with green fluorescent protein, and B. cenocepacia HI2424, marked with red fluorescent protein, is shown. B. cenocepacia (red, lower left quadrant) grows throughout the nematode gut and forms aggregates on the nematode cuticle, whereas E. coli (green, upper right quadrant) is found only in limited concentration in the mouth. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2575.jpg | What is present? | liver |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3362529_pone-0038010-g005_139729.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Identification of the DmRad9B nuclear localization signal.Confocal images of S2R+ cells expressing DmRad9A mutated in suspected NLS sequences. (A) DmRad9B mutated at position 287 – 289 (NLS1). (D) DmRad9B mutated Position 300–302 (NLS2). (G) DmRad9B mutated Position 314–316 (NLS3). (B, E and H) stained with anti-lamin antibodies, which mark the nuclear membrane, in red. (C) Merged image of (A) and (B). (F) Merged image of (D) and (E). (I) Merged image of (G) and (H). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_arm/train_1963.jpg | What is good example of muscle atrophy said? | to be due to syringomyelia |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3226628_pone-0028207-g005_117521.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | The length of hydrophobic amino acids in the TMD is important for GOLPH2 Golgi retention.
A. Mutations used in the present study. Hydrophobic residues were deleted from or added to the TMD of GOLPH2-Δ(III–IV–V), and the amino acid sequences of the mutants are indicated. B. Cellular localizations of fusion proteins. The mutant plasmids were transfected into HeLa cells, and cellular localizations were viewed using a confocal microscope. Endogenous GOLPH2 was probed by anti-GOLPH2 mAb as a Golgi localization marker (red fluorescence). Merged images show the colocalization of endogenous GOLPH2 and mutants. Bars, 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4510344_F5_407999.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Ultrastructural organization of the epidermis. Electron microscopic images of ultra-thin sections of the outer cell wall in the upper leaf epidermis were obtained for the wild type (A), rwa2-1
(B), and rwa2-3
(C). The cuticle layer is indicated by the white arrowheads. The electron dense deposits are indicated by black arrowheads. All scale bars equal 500 nm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2994818_F2_80079.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Lung biopsy sections of sarcoidosis patients. The presence of non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas (Gr) with a surrounding layer of lymphocytes (hematoxylin-eosin staining, ×10) is shown in A). CD68 immunostaining in alveolar macrophages (AM), epithelioid cells (Ec) (×10) is shown in B) and CD68 immunostaining in a multinucleated Giant cell (Gc) and epithelioid cells (Ec) (×40) is shown in C). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3103586_pone-0020337-g011_97324.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | NGF immunochemistry in adrenal medulla of offspring rats.The expression of NGF increased in OAP and ONP rats adrenal medulla
compared to OCP rats from P3 to P14 and return to normal level from P30
to P60. The expressions of NGF protein in OANP rats decreased from P3 to
P14 compared to OAP. IOD values are expressed as mean
±SEM(n = 8); * P<0.05 vs. OCP,
▴<0.05 vs OAP. (The magnification of the image
is 400 ×). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic45316.jpg | what is one organ system seen in this image? | skull and contents |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3928436_pone-0089399-g004_267953.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Ipl1-dependent Sli15 phosphorylation is dispensable for chromosome bi-orientation.Wild type SLI15 (VMY316), sli15-20A (VMY318) and sli15-20D (VMY320) cells containing CEN5-(tetO)336, tetR-GFP, Venus-TUB1 and pMET3-CDC20 were arrested in G1 with α-factor at 26°C and then released to a metaphase block in rich medium (containing 2 mM methionine to deplete Cdc20) for 2.5 h. (A) Representative stills from time-lapse images of live cells. Bi-oriented chromosomes show dynamic splitting and reassociation of sister CEN5s. Green, CEN5 labeled with tetR-GFP; red, Venus-tubulin. (B) Quantification of chromosome bi-orientation in metaphase-arrested cells from multiple time-lapse fields (n = number of cells scored in each category). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3424959_fig4-2041731412454420_151392.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Histological studies confirm new bone formation in scaffold with chondrocytes group. At 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks after implantation, the specimens were fixed and embedded and followed by H&E (left) and Safranin-O staining (right). Magnification was at 2× objective lens. In Safranin-O staining, the bone tissue was stained with green, the PPCLM scaffold with light red, and the endochondral bone formation with dark red. Scale bar = 500 µm.PPCLM: poly(polycaprolactone triol malate); H&E: hematoxylin and eosin. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2945342_F3_74586.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Expression of Ngb, Cygb and CA IX in human normal tissues. Tissue microarrays containing cores obtained from various human normal tissues were stained with to antibodies to Ngb, Cygb or CA IX. Positive staining was visualized by the chromogenic reaction of HRP with DAB. Photomicrographs were obtained at 20× magnification, and the scale bar indicates 50 μM. (A) stomach (fundus); (B) small bowel; (C) gallbladder. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2740005_fig-001_45182.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | MRI image showing the site of the tumor in the left tibia (Case 1). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3723914_F1_220353.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Example of the dose distribution using 3DCRT and IMRT. This patient had a tumor limited to the bilateral nasal cavity and nasopharynx and obtained CR following induction chemotherapy. The PTV (volume in red) included the nasal cavity, ethmoid sinus, maxillary sinus, nasopharynx and laryngopharynx. The top row and the bottom row show the dose distributions for IMRT and 3DCRT, respectively. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2169.jpg | What is present? | oral |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4331823_F7_359593.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | A 29-year-old man Intestinal obstruction caused by intussusception. Patient with metastatic melanoma evolving into a clinical picture of intestinal obstruction. Computed tomographic images obtained after oral and intravenous iodinated contrast show intussusception with distention of the upstream small bowel loops. (A) Axial and (B) sagittal images showing the proximal portion of intussusception and invagination of the mesenteric adipose tissue toward its interior (arrows). (C) Axial and (D) sagittal images showing the distal portion of intussusception with parietal thickening of the invaginated small intestinal loops (arrows), which was confirmed as a melanoma metastasis after surgical resection. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4273550_fig1_345953.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | 3D SPGR FS, FOV 5 cm. Axial sections at the posteromedial aspect of the tibia, above the medial malleolus. The tibial nerve is visualized (large arrow) with the typical fascicular pattern. The neurovascular bundle is seen at the posteromedial aspect of the tibia. Sequential images at high resolution demonstrate the medial calcaneal nerve dividing into anterior and posterior branches, providing sensory innervation to the plantar aspect of the heel (small arrows). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3355043_F3_138427.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | fMRI with 99% sensitivity during the 100 mAmp electrical stimulation one month after cardiac arrest showed the activation of the left thalamus, left insula, and cerebellar cortex and a more intense activation of the brain areas previously described in Figure 2. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4414435_Fig13_381981.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation |
The putative ST and DTI myocyte angles are compared for 5 rat hearts. The putative myocyte helix angle α’ and transverse angle α” in an equatorial short-axis slice are colored according to the −90° to +90° scale shown. The transmural orange line on the FLASH images indicates the transmural span quantified in in Figure 14. DTI: Scan #1, 6-direction, b = 1000 s/mm2; ST: Scan #8, DTW = 3, STW = 3. FLASH: fast low angle shot; ST: structure tensor of FLASH data; DTI: diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging; DTW: derivative template width STW: smoothing template width. The symbols for vectors and derived angles are defined in Table 2. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic21011.jpg | what modality is shown? | us - ultrasound |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3955674_fig1_274369.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Examples of microbleeds detected by SWI. The black arrows pointed to lobar and infratentorial microbleeds. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4069010_pone-0100304-g006_300733.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | X-rays of the disc allografts in different groups (three months postoperatively).A: AP view, B: lateral view, C: extention-lateral view, D: flexion-lateral view. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_13939.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | X-ray pelvis showing right hip prosthesis after replacement |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2535.jpg | Is no tissue recognizable as ovary present? | no |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3639209_pone-0062626-g004_201862.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | MR scans of CSPIO-labeled islet isografts in non-diabetic mice.A: Grafts of CSPIO-labeled islets were visualized on MR scans as distinct hypointense areas homogeneously located at the upper pole of the left kidney at day 1 and week 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 after syngeneic transplantation in non-diabetic mice. B: Compared with the same area on the contralateral kidneys, the MR signal intensity in CSPIO-labeled (solid triangle and square) was significantly lower than that of control (open triangle and square) islet grafts (81.9±14.0% vs. 103.8±15.4%, P = 3.68297E-05). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1261538_F2_3523.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | MRI showing cystic and solid lesion in the pancreas. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3132497_fig2_101733.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Intraoperative images of the performed laparoscopic splenectomy. (a) Ligation of the short gastric arteries. (b) Dissection and ligation of the splenic artery. (c) Ligation of the splenic hilum using the Ethicon stapler. (d) View of the operative field after completion of splenectomy. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4293587_F2_350417.jpg | What is shown in this image? |
A) Operative radiography of the maxillary left central incisor with a #140 K-file; B) MTA-specific points inside the canal; C) placement of the MTA apical plug; D) Canal backfilling E) Six years later |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2633003_F2_33490.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Preoperative cranial computed tomography scan showing expansile bony mass of the right orbit involving the greater wing of the sphenoid, the medial wall of the orbit and the greater wing of the sphenoid (transverse view). There is encroachment into the retro-orbital space with obvious proptosis of the right globe. There is no evidence of intracranial extension. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxux8zu4074yc3afaavx.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, White, grey |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2527007_F1_27082.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | CATS- and CATX-immunohistochemistry in normal rat spinal cord. Representative examples of CATS- (A, C, E-G) and CATX-immunostained (B, D, H-J) sections of the L5 segment. CATS-immunopositive deposits are localized in small glial-like cells (C, E, F) that distributed homogenously throughout the section (A), while CATX is mostly found in large neurons (D, H) and only few small cells are intensely stained (D, J). G, I: Sections incubated with preabsorbed primary antibodies are free of immunostaining. Scale bars, 500 μm (A, B), 50 μm (C, D), 20 μm (E-J). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4265077_fig06_344430.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Maize roots are colonized by S. Typhimurium and A. niger. Images are overlay of transmitted light (grey) with sfGFP fluorescence (false coloured green).A. Epidermal maize root tissue colonized by sfGFP-labelled S. Typhimurium.B. Epidermal maize root tissue colonized by A. niger (blue arrow).C. Epidermal maize root tissue colonized by sfGFP-labelled S. Typhimurium and A. niger. Blue arrow points at a representative fungal filament.D. Non-inoculated maize root tissue is shown as control. Scale bars: 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4301493_f1-ol-09-02-0903_351640.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging. (A) Sagittal T1-weighted image revealing an intramedullary cystic-solid lesion in the conus medullaris. (B) Solid lesion demonstrating inhomogeneous enhancement following gadolinium injection. (C) T2-weighted image revealing the solid mass (large arrow) accompanied by a cranial cystic lesion (small arrow). (D) Coronary contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image showing the solid mass (large arrow) located exclusively within the conus medullaris (small arrow). (E) Coronary T2-weighted image indicating the additional cranial cystic lesion (large arrow) present in the spinal cord (small arrow). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08290.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Plain computed tomography of the pelvis shows polypoidal mass within the urinary bladder with dense foci of calcification on the left side (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1087842_F1_1904.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Biopsy specimen of gastric glandular epithelial mucosa showing the presence of intranuclear cytomegalic inclusion bodies (1A, arrow), together with edema and inflammatory infiltrate. CMV infection was confirmed using immunohistochemistry, with a specific anti-CMV antibody (DAB-peroxydase) (1B). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4673160_F4_451547.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Overexpression of OPN protein in EAC using tissue microarray (TMA) immunohistochemistryOverexpression of OPN protein was observed in EACs with differential intensity but homogeneous staining. Stroma adjacent to dysplastic epithelium but not the epithelial cells themselves, overexpressed OPN (c, cytoplasmic staining; n, nuclear staining). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2637.jpg | Does this image show head and face, severe trauma, contusion, lacerations, abrasions? | yes |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl8s41z071u2siucxod.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4505874_pone.0132731.g002_406921.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | The methods used in AE diagnosis.(A) and (B) the 5th and 4th cases’ liver samples histopathological images (HE staining, ×100); (C) and (D) the 7th and 8th cases’ liver samples immunohistochemical staining images (×400); (E) and (F) the 7th and 8th cases’ abdominal CT images; (G) the 1st cases’ abdominal B-ultrasound images; (H) DNA extracted from three cases’ paraffin- embedded samples and PCR products (M.5000 bp DNA Marker. Line 1, 2, 3, DNA extracted from the 5th, 7th, and 8th cases paraffin-embedded samples. Line 4, 5, 6, PCR products of the 5th, 7th, and 8th cases’ DNA samples). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4142551_fig2_315277.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Intraoperative aspect of the transplanted kidney (a) and visualization of the parenchyma at the time of indocyanine green injection (b) and after the revascularization with real-time fluorescence imaging (c). Follow-up control with magnetic resonance angiography (d). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4330230_Fig8_358742.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | An elderly female with sudden spontaneous onset of pain. Initial radiographs (shown AP view, a) do not show a focal anomaly. MRI 1 month later performed for persistent pain shows extensive bone marrow oedema-like change in the medial femoral condyle with a subchondral sclerotic area consistent with an insufficiency fracture (b, c; PD-FS; see arrows). The features are those of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee, SONK. Note the degeneration/tear of the medial meniscus, a common association of SONK. Radiographic follow-up 1 month after the MRI shows partial cortical collapse of the medial femoral condyle (d, see arrows) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwypdoe4086udayh6pr2.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | No |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_49307.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Left ureteral stricture (solid yellow arrow) and patent right ureter (interrupted yellow arrow). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3266186_F1_123528.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | A computed tomography scan image of hip arthroplasty. Evidence of a periprosthetic abscess with diffusion to the left psoas muscle and cutaneous fistula is shown. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2714488_F4_42005.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Transmission of hypovirulence and its associated traits of strain XG36-1. A, the colony of hygromycin-resistant gene labelled strain XG36-1A34R was converted when dual culturing with hypovirulent strain XG36-1(red triangle). B, the hyphae at the colony margin of strain XG36-1A34R branched excessively as strain XG36-1 did. C, converted strain XG36-1A34R also lost virulence on detached rapeseed leaves. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3739749_pone-0073469-g003_224070.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | The LRR domain is required to target XopAC to the plasma membrane of
N
. benthamiana
epidermal cells.YFPv-XopAC (A, E and F) and mutant variants (B, YFPv-XopAC-H469A; C, YFPv-XopAC∆fic and D, G, YFPv-XopAC∆LRR) were expressed using
Agrobacterium
-mediated transient transformation and imaged in epidermal cells by confocal laser microscopy 48 hours after inoculation. (A) The plasma membrane localized RLK-CFP fusion (At4g23740) and the nucleo-scytoplasmic marker MIEL1 (At5g18650) were co-expressed with YFPv-XopAC (E, F) or YFPv-XopAC∆LRR (G) and used as controls. The merged pictures are shown (E, F and G). Scale bars = 25 µm. White arrowheads indicate nuclei (N), cytosol (Cyto) and cytoplasmic strands (CS). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3765280_F2_229881.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Gross evaluation. Macroscopic appearance of the gastric mucosa of the rats pre-treated with DES at doses 5, 10, 20 mg/kg (D,E, F) or omeprazole 20 mg/kg (C) showed reduced lesion formation when compared to the ulcer control rats (B) 2C. Ethanol-induced sever injuries to the gastric mucosa appear as elongated bands of haemorrhage (white arrow). (A) Showed normal macroscopic appearance of the intact stomach from normal group. (magnification: 1.8×). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08460.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Small-bowel lesions of FAP. Double-contrast radiography demonstrates fine barium flecks and granular appearance in the ileum. FAP = familial amyloid polyneuropathy. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3702654_f3-etm-05-06-1649_216012.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | (A) Computed tomography (CT) imaging 2 weeks before treatment (03/01/2009); (B) CT imaging following anti-pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) therapy (03/19/2009); (C) left main bronchus; (D) argon plasma coagulation; (E) insertion of guide wire; (F) prior to first balloon dilation; (G) following first balloon dilation; (H) rechecked bronchus partial coarctation; (I) second balloon dilation; (J) fourth rechecking; (K) third balloon dilation. (L) Left main bronchus was unobstructed with partial bronchostenosis. (M and N) computed tomography (CT) imaging following treatment (06/10/2009). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4179866_F3_323748.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | CT scan illustrating post imatinib decrease in size of the tumor now amenable to surgical resection. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3579993_Fig23_187348.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma in a 44-year-old woman. Frontal chest radiograph shows a large, well-defined mediastinal mass with increased density (arrow). Contrast-enhanced CT scan shows a bulky soft tissue mass (arrows) with homogeneous CT-attenuation value occupying prevascular space. Note the left internal mammarian artery completely surrounded by the lesion. Photomicrograph reveals numerous neoplastic lacunar cells (arrows) in a background of small lymphocytes, histiocytes and eosinophils, which supports the diagnosis of nodular sclerosis type Hodgkin lymphoma |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_30683.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scan showing multiple areas of high uptake including the C7 vertebral body and surrounding tissue, pituitary, left parietal bone, tongue and left hip |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4356381_f2-ol-09-04-1885_366473.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | (A, B) MRI showed the progression of leptomeningeal dissemination following one cycle of TMZ and interferon-β therapy. (C, D) Leptomeningeal dissemination on MRI decreased following two cycles of TMZ and one cycle of bevacizumab from the beginning of recurrent therapy. (E, F) MRI showed no progression of leptomeningeal dissemination following three cycles each of TMZ and bevacizumab from the beginning of recurrent therapy. A, C and E: T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI; B, D and F: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; TMZ, temozolomide. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4546485_F3_416863.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Represantative images for patterns of progressionMRI scans for the three types of progression (local, diffuse, distant), as predefined in Methods, are shown. The first two columns show the postoperative situation on contrast enhanced T1 sequences (T1+c) and T2 weighted sequences. The last two columns show the corresponding scans at the time of first progression. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3256204_pone-0029945-g001_121841.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | An FOV from multi-parametric MRI and the resulting composite images of a responder.(Patient ID: 1125), 1st row: MR images before the treatment (T2, FLAIR, T1-pre and T1-post, respectively from left to right). 2nd row: Composite images (WM, GM, CSF and Orthogonal, respectively from left to right). 3rd row: MR images acquired 41 days after the treatment. Red ROIs show borders of Gd-enhanced region on different images. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3141608_F1_103024.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | DCE-CT image (a), Blood flow (b), Blood volume (c) and FDG-PET image (d) of a mdx mouse at 8 weeks of age. Axial slices using DCE-CT of the lower limbs of a dystrophic mouse (a,b,c); coronal slice generated using PET, displaying the mdx mouse from the abdomen to the feet (d). Red circles indicate one region of interest (ROI) encompassing the posterior compartment of the hind limb (HL) musculature from which data was collected. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2921512_F00017_71285.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | The anatomic image (left hand panel) and the three-dimensional echocardiograms (right hand and middle panels) show how the typical defect seen in the setting of the common arterial trunk is also directly juxta-arterial. In the images shown, there is again a muscular bar interposing postero-caudally between the leaflets of the truncal and tricuspid valves. The defect itself opens to the right ventricle between the limbs of the septomarginal trabeculation or septal band (yellow Y) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4293145_pone.0116119.g003_350337.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Disturbance of the neural progenitor zone altered the pattern of vdINVP.(A) Schematic illustration of pBI-based expression vectors. pBI-vector and pCAGGS-tTA were used without Dox, the combination that retained expression of electroporated DNAs. (B) Control electroporation with EGFP. (C-E) DN-RhoA was electroporated unilaterally into the neural tube. Thick transverse sections were prepared from highlighter ink-infused embryos and co-stained for markers indicated, followed by confocal microscopy. Top and bottom panels are identical views. (F, G) Similar experiments using CA-Rac1. Arrows: vdINVP misdirected into a lumen-facing region. (B-E) E5.5/HH27. (F, G) E5/HH26 Scale bars: 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3812090_pntd-0002283-g002_239850.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Common yaws, bejel, and pinta lesions in 2013.Papillomatous primary yaws lesion (A); disseminated papilloma of secondary yaws (B); labial mucosal plaques of primary bejel (C); disfiguring infiltration of the nose, glabella, and forehead in a patient with secondary bejel (D); squamous plaque of primary pinta (E); late achromic pinta (F). Sources of photographs: O. Mitjà, Papua New Guinea (A, B); A. Abdolrasouli, Iran (C, D); F. Gómez, Mexico (E, F). The individuals photographed for this publication were informed of the purpose of the photograph and they agreed to have their photograph taken and potentially published. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pt1e1j08323lfq47ic.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3485302_pone-0048557-g006_162994.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | AIS Kv channel expression is not dependent on the actin cytoskeleton.Confocal microscopy photomicrographs show that Kv1.2 (A–F) and Kv2.2 (G–L) accumulation in the AIS is not affected by cytochalasin D. Hippocampal neurons were exposed to DMSO (control, A–C, G–I) or cytochalsin D (5 µM; D–F, J–L) from 15 to 17 DIV, double stained for 14D4 or ankyrin G (blue) and Kv1.2 (red, A–F) or Kv2.2 (red, G–L), and stained with Alexa 488 phalloidin to reveal F-actin. Note the presence of Kv1.2 and Kv2.2 at the AIS in both control and cytochalasin D-treated neurons. Scale bar = 25 µm (A–F) and 30 µm (G–L). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvo910s074y158ph2xe.jpg | Is there text? | No |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4337257_fig9_361013.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Analysis of microcomputed tomography in the region of the proximal tibia and distal femur after sacrifice. Representative 3D images of (a) tibia and (b) femur. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2844740_F0001_60236.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Standard FDG-PET/CT acquisition in a follow-up case of invasive carcinoma of the bladder. Coronal (a) and sagittal (b) plain CT scan images reveal focal bladder wall thickening posteroinferiorly (arrows). Coronal PET (c) and sagittal PET/CT (d) images show a high concentration of tracer in the urine-filled bladder cavity. No wall abnormality is discernable in the bladder (arrows) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4595735_f5_430428.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | The 3D angio-architecture and skeletonization of the hippocampus.(A,D) Dorsal view. (B,E) Ventral view. (C,F) The higher magnification of the unilateral hippocampus is presented in the red box in (B,E). The pseudocolor bar in the lower-right corner of F panel indicates the diameter ranges of vascular trees in hippocampus. Scale bars: 2000 μm (A–F). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3936944_F1_270040.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Three-dimensional microtomography reconstructions of left deciduous teeth in sheep showing the four incisors (i1 – i4) and the second premolar (p2). The investigated teeth are presented in dorsal/posterior (D/P), ventral/anterior (V/A), mesial/bucall (M/B) and distal/lingual (D/L) views, respectively. The volumetric tooth mineral density (vTMD) was determined in volumes-of-interest (VOIs) separately for whole enamel (volumetric enamel mineral density – vEMD) and for whole dentine (volumetric dentine mineral density – vDMD). Using the same VOIs, total enamel volume (Evol) and total dentine volume (Dvol) were measured automatically for each tooth. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3913202_fig1_263834.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | (a) Sagittal ultrasound image of the right kidney shows a large mass replacing the upper pole of the right kidney (arrow). The echotexture is similar to renal parenchyma with mild internal heterogeneity and a few cystic spaces. (b) Sagittal ultrasound image with Doppler shows internal vascularity (arrows) within the large mass replacing the superior pole of the right kidney. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3878643_F1_255870.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Early and late radiological evidence of heterotopic ossification around the right hip. (A) Axial computerized tomography (CT) scan cut of the acetabular region 11 days post-trauma. Note the denser soft tissues (encircled) surrounding the right fractured acetabulum. Radiographic AP view of the right hip at 14 days; (B) and three and a half months; (C) post-trauma. Note the progression of calcified soft tissues medially and laterally within the abductor muscles. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2854.jpg | Does this image show fixed tissue saggital section sternum with typical plasmacytoma shown close-up very good? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4008271_fig1_285382.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Coronary angiography showed (a) and (b) native left coronary artery territory similar to previous described and flow reversal in the LIMA graft; (c) patent left radial artery grafted in a intermediary branch; (d) and (e) native right artery territory similar to previous described; (f) saphenous vein graft to posterior descendent artery occluded. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC1899177_F2_11832.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Photomicrographs of typical lung lesions in NNK-treated Wistar rats. (A) Alveolar epithelial hyperplasia in a Wistar rat (magnification × 200). (B) Dysplasia occurred in the alveolar region. Some of the alveolar structure was absent and replaced by proliferated cells (magnification × 200). (C) Proliferated cells with increased cellular atypia (magnification × 400). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4117859_Fig1_310502.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image |
Microscopic characterization of human breast adipose tissue. A, Normal mammary adipose tissue after Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. Scale bar, 100 μm. B, transmission electron microscopy image of human breast adipose tissue showing perivascular adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) surrounding a small blood vessel with endothelial cells (EC). Scale bar, 10 μm. C, Under fluorescence microscopy, vascular endothelial cells are vonWillenbrand positive (red fluorescence) in the breast adipose tissue, whereas D, adipose-derived stem cell are CD44 positive (green fluorescence). E, Merged image shows that CD44 positive cells reside around endothelial cells of small blood vessels in breast adipose tissue. Nuclei are stained with Hoechst. Scale bar, 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3443575_fig2_155255.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Maximum-intensity projection image of whole-body FDG PET in Patient 12. There are conglomerate mediastinal lymph nodes with intense FDG uptake (SUVmax 12). The findings are suspicious for lymphoma. Subsequent mediastinal nodal biopsy suggested acute necrotizing inflammation. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4650435_fig6_445314.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | BM-MSCs promoted clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria through enhanced autophagy in chronic HG-treated INS-1 cells. (a) Immunofluorescence analysis was used to determine the number of Mito Red-marked mitochondria colocalized with LC3-labeled autophagosomes. White arrows point at the colocalization. Scale bar, 20 μm. (b) TEM analysis showed that autophagosomes engulfed damaged mitochondria for degradation in INS-1 cells co-cultured with BM-MSCs. White arrows pointed to mitochondria. Scale bar, 0.5 μm. Magnification: × 40 000. All the data were collected from at least three independent experiments |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3224775_F2_117176.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | CT scans in bone window through the C3-C4 intervertebral disc, before surgery (A) and 25 months post-surgery (B). (A) The image demonstrates calcified material centrally and to the right of the vertebral canal compressing the spinal cord to the left. (B) The image demonstrates local recurrence about two years after subtotal resection of the cervical chordoma. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3207858_pgen-1002352-g005_114153.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail |
sol2, but not sol1, showed synergistic genetic interactions with tso1 class II alleles.Each panel consists of the top portion showing fertility phenotypes and bottom portion showing flower and inflorescence phenotypes. (A) tso1-1. (B–E) Fully fertile siliques and morphologically normal inflorescences developed in sol1-1 (B), so1-2 (C), sol2-1 (D), and sol2-2 (E) single mutants. (F) A sol1-2; amiRTSO1 inflorescence showing wild type phenotype. (G–J) tso1; sol2 double mutant plants showing an absence of silique and abnormal inflorescences of tso1-3; sol2-1 (G), tso1-3; sol2-2 (H), tso1-5; sol2-1 (I), and tso1-5; sol2-2 (J). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz0donk086u27libb9k.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3319561_pone-0034097-g007_132724.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Localized endogenous MMP activity around Aβ plaques.A thin film of DQ gelatin was digested by metalloproteases, releasing fluorescence. This degradative activity occurred mainly around Aβ plaques (A–C). The activity of metalloproteases continued despite no new deposition of Aβ for one month in tetAPPsi mice (D). MMP activity was not observed in non-transgenic littermates (E) or in sections treated with the metalloprotease inhibitor, 1,10 PNTL (F). Antibody staining specific for mouse MMP9 indicated reactive endogenous cells (arrows) in close proximity to Aβ plaques deliver MMP9 (G–I) in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. The images shown are representative of an analysis of at least three sections from three animals. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3591394_pone-0057862-g004_190619.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | MCcps immunomagnetically isolated with mAb BGD6 from E11.5 embryos.(A) After 21 days in culture with SCF and IL-3 the MCcp grew as small colonies around the immunomagnetic beads (white arrows). (B) After 21 days in culture, many of the mast cells displayed metachromatic granules. Inset: A higher magnification of a metachromatic mast cell attached to a immunomagnetic bead. (Immunomagnetic beads, black arrows). |
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