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splits/subfolder_4/PMC3514126_F12_170357.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | The potential for T2* imaging to improve the differentiation between MO with and without hemorrhage is shown. Panel A shows uniform hyperintensity on T2-SPIR (spectrally selective inversion recovery) imaging despite a region of persistent MO on LGE (Panel C). In Panel B, a small region of decreased T2* is shown, which is much smaller than the MO region, suggesting that much of MO region is in fact non-hemorrhagic and shows normal T2* values. (Reprinted with permission from: O’Regan DP et al. Heart 2010; 96:1885-1891
[78]). See also the imaging vignette from Cannan C et al. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging 2010; 3(6):665–668
[71]. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4423640_Fig4_384364.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Intravascular ultrasound virtual histology image for the site of coronary spasm. A: The coronary lumen has 33% plaque. B: The component of plaque is mostly fibrous material. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3317227_fig2_132339.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | CT (a) and MRI (b: T2-weighted image; (c and d): contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images) of orbital space in 44-year-old man (case 4). Soft tissue mass is detected in the right orbital space (a; arrow). This lesion extends along the right optic nerve in MRI (b–d; arrows). The right optic nerve penetrating the lesion is detectable in MRI (b and d; small arrows). Soft tissue mass along the right infraorbital nerve is also noted (a–c; arrowheads). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4595414_Fig4_430307.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Use of flexible irrigation/suction catheter (Endoshower) for diffuse intra-abdominal irrigation using sterile saline solution, and atraumatic suction of the fluid in the left sub-diaphragmatic space under direct endoscopic vision |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01962.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CXR showed gross cardiomegaly and bilateral pulmonary shadows on the 3rd day of illness. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic44357.jpg | is this a t2 weighted image? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3885617_pone-0084729-g001_257482.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Lesion locations of stroke patients.The lesions are shown on axial slices of the T2-weighted images. Patient numbers correspond with those in Table 1. L, left and R, right. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4270777_pone-0115423-g007_345693.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Access of endocytic cargo to SIF.HeLa cells were transfected with a vector for expression of LAMP1-GFP (green) and infected with WT, sseF or pipB2 strains expressing mCherry (red) as indicated. At 4 h p.i., the cells were pulse-chased with Dextran-Alexa568 (red) for 3 h. Live cell imaging was performed at 7–8 h p.i. Note the appearance of dynamic extended tubular structures double positive for LAMP1-GFP and Dextran-Alexa568 in cells infected with WT or sseF strains, as well as double positive bulky structures in pipB2-infected cells. Scale bars, 2 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4263801_Fig12_343950.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Fibrous scar. Axial T2-weighted MR (a) and axial T1 FS contrast-enhanced (b) images, in a case of bilateral photodynamic therapy show a post-treatment pattern, with a small area of low signal intensity, without enhancement, corresponding to fibrous scar tissue (arrowhead). Low power (c, d) images from radical prostatectomy show a focus of sclerotic and hyaline necrosis on the left lobe suggesting a 7 × 5-mm therapy scar |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3509405_fig03_169221.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Expression of chimeric EGFP-Rab27a proteins in WT melanocytesWT melanocytes were transiently transfected with EGFP-Rab27a WT (A–D), EGFP-Rab27aSF1F4 (E–H) or EGFP-Rab27aSF2 (I–L). Cells were fixed and observed by confocal microscopy (A, E and I) and phase contrast (B, F and J). In panels C, G and K the merged images show the overlap between EGFP fluorescence (green) and pigmented melanosomes (red pseudocolour). Insets are magnifications of the indicated regions showing subcellular localization of Rab27a mutants in more detail. Panels D, H and L are blow-ups of the insets in panels C, G and K. Bar = 10 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_73797.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Preoperative computed tomography arterial phase. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_38506.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Panoramic radiograph revealing the presence of radiopaque material (endodontic sealer) within the mandibular canal. Tooth 45 has been extracted. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4425033_ijms-16-07551-f004_384553.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Confocal microscopic images of the expression of GST genes in HepG2 treated with MgO nanoparticles. Molecular beacons targeting the GST gene were delivered into live cells by a reverse permeabilization method using an activated SLO. The fluorescent live cell images at 24 h (top panel), 48 h (middle panel) and 72 h (bottom panel) were presented with excitation at 488 nm and emission detection at 530 nm. The intensity of the fluorescent signals was maximized at 48 h incubation time in proportion to MgO concentrations (scale bar size: 10 µm). The intensity of the fluorescent signals was found to be weak due to the low expression of target genes. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3441325_F5_154628.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Correlation of LVEF as assessed by ECG-gated FDG-PET with degree of fibrosis. (A) Representative histological cardiac findings showing myocardial fibrotic areas in CVB3-infected mice (Masson trichrome staining). (B) Correlation of degree of fibrosis obtained histology with LVEF measured by FDG-PET. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3551649_F6_180412.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | YFP fluorescence of Drosophila S2 cells expressing fusion proteins. A) cells expressing DynA-YFP early after induction, or B) 6 hours after induction. Shown are planes in the middle of cells, C) S2 cells expressing FloT-YFP, shown is the middle plane or the surface of the cells, as indicated by the lines within the circle. D) Non-transfected cells, the outline can be seen in the bright field channel; membrane stain also shows the outline of cells, but the membrane cannot be distinguished from the background of the cell; panel “YFP” shows background fluorescence in non-transfected cells in the YFP channel. White or grey bars 2 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3245316_ppat-1002460-g006_120058.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Mutants with defects in response to oxidative stress.Colonies formed by the wild type (PH-1) and Fg04382, Fg13318, Fg05734, and Fg08701 mutants on PDA with (upper) or without (lower) 0.05% H2O2 after incubation for 5 days. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4502321_Fig1_406015.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | For a representative subject, the acquired CT, T1 and T2 images (left), and the pseudo CTs with the associated difference images |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3702654_f3-etm-05-06-1649_216010.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | (A) Computed tomography (CT) imaging 2 weeks before treatment (03/01/2009); (B) CT imaging following anti-pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) therapy (03/19/2009); (C) left main bronchus; (D) argon plasma coagulation; (E) insertion of guide wire; (F) prior to first balloon dilation; (G) following first balloon dilation; (H) rechecked bronchus partial coarctation; (I) second balloon dilation; (J) fourth rechecking; (K) third balloon dilation. (L) Left main bronchus was unobstructed with partial bronchostenosis. (M and N) computed tomography (CT) imaging following treatment (06/10/2009). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2826344_F4_57658.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Angiogenesis pattern of eutopic endometrium (A, D, G), and endometriotic lesions after 15 days (B, E, H) and 30 days (C, F, I). The immunoreactivity of VEGF and Flk-1 were detected mainly in the cytoplasm of endothelial (arrows) and glandular epithelial cells (arrowheads) but also in stromal cells (asterisks) in both eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues. As expected, VEGF and Flk-1 immunoreactions were more abundant in endometriosis than in the eutopic endometrium. The distribution of the ED-1-positive macrophages was observed in the cells in the stroma, concentrated around the glands. There were more activated macrophages in samples of endometriosis than in eutopic endometrium (black squares). Magnification × 400. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4561983_fig2_421557.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Identification of the threadlike structures in the rat abdominal subcutaneous tissue using Hemacolor staining. ((a), (b), and (c)) Appearance of the subcutaneous area after serial applications of three Hemacolor solutions: Solution 1 (methanol fixative, (a)), Solution 2 (eosin stain, (b)), and Solution 3 (methylene blue stain, (c)). Dotted line is the abdominal middle line. (d) Appearance of the subcutaneous area after wash-out of Hemacolor solutions. Note the dark blue threadlike structures (arrows). See the Materials and Methods sections for a description of the protocol. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2741608_fig1_45839.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Angiographic appearance before (A) and immediately after (B) successful percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4024311_F4_289631.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Photomicrographs of control group (H & E). A. At 2 weeks, B. At 4 weeks, C. At 8 weeks after bone graft. * means 40 magnification, ** means 200 magnification. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06223.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Chest posteroanterior identifies a bone density round calcification. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4546164_Fig1_416548.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Immunohistochemical staining for CD146, Ki-67, and P53 expression in LMS, ESS, and MMMT. A CD146 mainly expressed in the epithelial compartment. B CD146 mainly expressed in the vascular epithelial compartment. C Nuclear Ki-67 immunoreaction. D Nuclear P53 immunoreaction |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_15989.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | 3D contrast-enhanced MR-angiography, coronal plane, corticomedullary phase. The lesion is slightly hypovascular compared to the renal cortex. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3844238_fig2_246766.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Morphological kidney injury after ischemia/reperfusion (IR) in different groups and subgroups of C56BL/6 mice. (PAS, original magnification 20x). Note loss of brush border and increased acute tubular necrosis in Parp1+/+ mouse kidney (IR + 48 h UW subgroup) but only tubular vacuolization in Parp1+/+ mouse kidney (IR + 48 h UW&DPQ subgroup). Kidney structure was preserved in all subgroups of Parp10/0 and in Parp1+/+ wild-type mice pretreated with ip DPQ. Ultrastructural study confirms higher tubular injury in kidneys immersed for 48 h at 4°C in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution (asterisk). Arrows indicate endothelial cell injury in peritubular capillaries (original magnification ×4600). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4542182_Figure5_415741.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | HB. a: H & E demonstrates markedly diffuse microvascular proliferation. b: ERG exclusively highlights the nuclei of endothelial cells. c: CD34 highlights endothelial cells. d: CD31 weakly highlights endothelial cells. e: α-SMA highlights abluminal smooth muscle cells within hyperplastic vascular complexes. The magnification for a: 100×. The magnification for b – e: 50×. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glms4ov071uase2f3kh.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic23672.jpg | is this a noncontrast mri? | yes |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3865387_F2_252284.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Panels show a current brain atlas, including 3D anatomical information at different developmental stages (multi-dimension), different MR contrasts (multi-contrast), and different structural definitions. The coordinate systems include MNI and Talairach coordinates with the brain depicted as parcellated into multiple cortical and subcortical areas including deep gray and white matter structures based on anatomical features (anatomical parcellation) as well as functional parcellation based on cytoarchitecture, vascular territories, and anatomical and functional connectivity. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3988723_fig6_281627.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | 3D reconstruction at stress (a) and rest (b), by OSEM iterative reconstruction (10 subsets), Butterworth filter (cutoff 0.4 Hz, power 10, Chang AC coefficient 0.1) obtained by the GE. Volumetrix software (GE. Xeleris-2 processing system). The colour scale indicates a high perfusion in white and red regions and a lower perfusion in the other regions. Defected areas are seen on the above image with a darker colour. A perfusion recovery of the defects on the rest images is observed. Data acquired by GE Starcam 4000 and reconstructed in Radiation Physics Unit, University Aretaieio hospital, Athens, Greece, 2013. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3835834_fig2_245280.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | The determination of beam arrangements based on a linear registration technique. T is a transformation matrix. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3823140_fig03_242043.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Indirect Immunofluorescence analysis of PARP-1 activity and AIF-dependent parthanatos. (A) ARPE-19 cells treated with either HMA or etoposide were probed with anti-PAR antibody to evaluate PAR synthesis. (B) Evaluation of AIF localization in HMA-treated ARPE-19 cells. Experiments were carried out with anti-mtHSP70 (to label mitochondria, red fluorescence) and anti-AIF (green fluorescence) antibodies. Scale bar 25 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05291.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Trans-oesophageal echocardiography showing supra valvular tumour during early systole moving away from the right coronary artery (RCA) ostium (ME AV long-axis view). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3867354_pone-0082301-g003_252728.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Co-localization of myocilin and endocytosed membrane proteins after GPCR stimulation.Cell surface proteins of MCF7 cells expressing myocilin (WT, P370L, or T377M) linked to GFP (green) were biotinylated. Cells were stimulated for 25 minutes with L-DOPA or remained untreated (time zero), and residual cell surface biotin was cleaved by disulfide reduction. Cells were fixed, labeled with rhodamine streptavidin (red) and imaged by confocal microscopy. Insets represent a 4-fold magnification of the cellular region identified by the arrow. Results are representative of 5 experiments conducted in MCF7 cells. Bar = 25 µM. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3782659_fig3_233480.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Chromosomal Location of CRMs Affects the Timing of Activation(A) Schematics of the 5′ CRM to PPE and the constructs that translocate the two CRMs are shown. Dotted lines indicate positions of deletions.(B–G) Fluorescence in situ hybridization with riboprobes to gfp (white in single-channel images or green in two-color images) and brk (purple) was used to compare the expression patterns of these constructs to endogenous brk expression. Each construct is shown at two time points, precellularization (left two panels) and cellularization (right two panels).See also Figure S2. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2804595_F6_54553.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Patient # 6: a) planning CT; b) follow-up CT at the end of treatment; c) difference image between planning CT and follow-up CT; d) deformed follow-up CT using all target and organs-at risk meshes; e) deformed follow-up CT using target, lung and spinal cord; f) difference image between planning CT and deformed follow-up CT based on all target organs-at risk meshes. The contours of the macroscopic primary tumor in the planning CT and the follow-up CT are shown in red. Note the distortion of the vertebral body and the trachea without using meshes of these organs for deformable registration in e). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3308919_F2_130835.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Peripheral white blood cells of uninfected pigs. A - eosinophil, B - basophil, C - medium lymphocyte, D - small and large lymphocytes, E - monocyte, F - segmented neutrophil, G, H - band neutrophils. Blood slides were stained by Giemsa modified solution. Cells were examined under the light microscope at 1250 × magnification. Scale bar is 10 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4485669_Fig5_401001.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Histopathological examination of biopsy of the skin lesion from the upper arm showing leukocytoclastic reaction. a, b Hematoxylin and Eosin staining showing the epidermis lined by keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium with evidence of spongiosis. Most of the blood vessels in underlying dermis showing thrombus formation along with necrosis in the vascular wall and neutrophilic infiltration. c, d Periodic acid schiff staining of the same skin lesions showing amorphus PAS positive material deposits (red arrows) in form of intramural and intravascular thrombus. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4337257_fig9_361010.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Analysis of microcomputed tomography in the region of the proximal tibia and distal femur after sacrifice. Representative 3D images of (a) tibia and (b) femur. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05016.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | This is a gastrograffin meal highlighting diverticulae in the duodenum, performed six weeks prior to admission for further evaluation of oesophagitis. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4649913_f2_445017.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | The enhanced functional connections in the dance group compared with the non-dancer group (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected, cluster threshold k > 600 mm3). Row ‘A’ represents the significantly increased functional connectivity with left putamen seed and row ‘B’ reveals that of the right putamen seed. Row ‘C’ represents the significantly increased functional connectivity with left precentral seed. Row ‘D’ reveals the significantly increased functional connectivity with right postcentral seed. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3123646_F1_100560.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Whole-body computed tomography (CT) findings. Systemic lymph node swelling was observed. (A) Left supraclavicular lymph node metastasis measuring 33 mm in diameter (arrowhead). (B) Middle thoracic para-oesophageal lymph node metastasis measuring 24 mm in diameter (arrowhead). (C) Multiple para-aortic lymph node metastases in the abdomen, the largest one measuring 43 mm in diameter (arrowhead). (D) Left iliac internal lymph node metastasis measuring 18 mm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0076.jpg | Is the surface covered by endocervical mucosa with squamous metaplasia? | yes |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv08zx0074ya8f13n87.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Oesophagitis |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2654539_pone-0004947-g001_35943.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Syndecan-1 is not detected within the nucleus of cells expressing high levels of heparanase.Confocal microscopic z-stack images of (A) HPSE-low and (B) HPSE-high cells immunostained using antibody to syndecan-1. Blue (Hoechst stain) identifies nuclei; white identifies syndecan-1 within the nucleus (co-localization of Hoechst and syndecan-1); green identifies cytoplasmic and cell surface syndecan-1. Syndecan-1 is detected within nuclei of HPSE-low cells but absent in nuclei of the HPSE-high cells. Bar = 10 µm. Note: As is characteristic of myeloma cells, the size of the nucleus is large relative to the amount of cytoplasm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4141345_Fig7_315003.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Patient with a humeral lipoma (arrows in a, b and c): frontal radiograph shows a lytic lesion in the head of the humerus. This lesion showed signal intensity similar to that of fat on T1WI (b). The signal was suppressed in T2FS WI (c) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl7s3z3071u90yh7f7r.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2632639_F1_33387.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Two-dimensional echocardiography showed the large right atrial (RA) mass (arrows) on apical 4-chambers view (A) and almost complete resolution after the treatment (B). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3921996_fig2_266493.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Pathology of the muscle biopsy, 2 weeks after stopping methimazole. (a) Dense eosinophilic infiltration of the myofibers associated with necrosis (red arrow). (b) Dense mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate with associated myofiber necrosis and regeneration (white arrow). (c) Minimal perimysial inflammatory cell infiltrate of plasma cells, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. (d) Fibrofatty tissue with minimal inflammatory cell infiltrate, identical to the previously described one. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3765461_F3_230032.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Clinical and radiological outcome. A: 3D CT scan view showing the final reconstruction of the fractured frontal bone. B: CT scan performed one month after injury, demonstrating the hypodensity of both frontal lobes as chronic consequences of penetrating injury. C: Patient at discharge with paresis of right superior rectus muscle and ptosis. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3231802_F1_118390.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | HBO reduces rmTBI lesion volumes. Pre- and post-treatment with HBO reduces lesion volume identified from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, T2 weighted images). Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) was induced 3 days apart and resulted in ipsilateral tissue damage. On T2WI, hypointensities (white arrow) are consistent with bleeding while hyperintensities (black arrow) suggest edema formation. At 24 hrs after the rmTBI, HBO pre- or post-treatment significantly reduced the lesion size compared to untreated animals. The neuroprotective effects persisted to 14 days after the initial mTBI. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2843666_F1_60007.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Computerized Tomography showing active bleeding into the lumen of the gallbladder. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2767150_F2_48971.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Axial computed tomography scan revealing faint excretion of contrast medium in the lower pole calyces. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00675.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Computed tomography of left lung mass. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_uterus/train_1894.jpg | Is myoma lesion quite typical close-up photo? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4530862_pone.0135343.g001_413489.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Whole-tissue fluorescence images of F-actin and E-cadherin.The spatial distribution of F-actin (left) and E-cadherin (right) during epididymal (upper), kidney (middle), and lung (bottom) development is shown. Each organ was dissected at E16.5 for epididymis and at E13.5 for both kidney and lung. Dotted orange lines in the middle row represent the tissue boundary of the epithelial renal tubule. For the images obtained with F-actin staining, a maximum intensity projection was applied over 30 μm with 2-μm intervals for the three organs. The E-cadherin images are single section views. Scale bar: 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3794793_f8-ijms-14-18520_236832.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Multicontrast differential polarization imaging with SHG and fluorescence of Congo Red stained corn stalk tissue. (a,b) SHG intensity images, obtained simultaneously with orthogonal polarizations. The arrows indicate the polarization direction; (c) SHG anisotropy of the sample, defined as r = (IV − IH) / (IV + IH)max ; (d,e) MPF intensity images obtained simultaneously with perpendicular polarizations. The arrows indicate the laser beam polarization direction; (f) Anisotropy of the fluorescence signal, defined as r = (IV − IH) / (IV + IH)max. Maximum signal occurs when the polarization is parallel to the cellulose fibers. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3543387_pone-0053697-g008_178738.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | HE staining of ectopic bone formation in nude mice at 12 weeks (×100), Implant I can be seen partially degraded DBM stand, surrounded by fibrous connective tissue replaced; Implant II showed more mature bone structure of a small beam than other groups; both Implant III and IV showed small beam structure of bone with some cartilage-like structure partially visible, bone formation maturity lower than Implant II. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2211403_pone-0001514-g008_16390.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | AprA protein matrix surrounding the FAD cofactor (residues in a distance of less than 4.1 Å are shown) in the three-dimensional structure from A. fulgidus (A) and selected, homology modeling-based models from Allochromatium vinosum (B), Pelagibacter ubique (C), Pyrobaculum calidifontis (D), Desulfotomaculum reducens (E), Desulfovibrio vulgaris (F), Chlorobaculum tepidum (G), and Thiobacillus denitrificans (H).Charged and polar residues are marked (positively charged AA, blue; negatively charged AA, red; polar AA, yellow; uncharged/-polar AA, grey). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2841094_F3_59452.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | PET-CT image reconstruction: effect of image registration. Micro-CT combined with micro-PET before image registration (panel A) and after (Panel B). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1775067_F1_8602.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Laparoscopic Evaluation of Lesions in a Baboon Model of Experimental Endometriosis. Visualization of the peritoneal cavity by laparoscope demonstrated the presence of powder burns (identified by a single asterisk) and blue (identified by the arrow) and chocolate lesions (identified by the double asterisks) within three (A,B) and six (C,D) months of induction of disease. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4087860_F3_304592.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Photograph before surgery |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_17372.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Cecocolic pseudocyst. Resolved after detorsion and cecocolopexy. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3867354_pone-0082301-g003_252719.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Co-localization of myocilin and endocytosed membrane proteins after GPCR stimulation.Cell surface proteins of MCF7 cells expressing myocilin (WT, P370L, or T377M) linked to GFP (green) were biotinylated. Cells were stimulated for 25 minutes with L-DOPA or remained untreated (time zero), and residual cell surface biotin was cleaved by disulfide reduction. Cells were fixed, labeled with rhodamine streptavidin (red) and imaged by confocal microscopy. Insets represent a 4-fold magnification of the cellular region identified by the arrow. Results are representative of 5 experiments conducted in MCF7 cells. Bar = 25 µM. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3864077_fig7_252112.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Photograph of mice cardiac muscle, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and testes after oral administration of P(ECA-IA-MEG) hydrogel (40x), ((b), (d), (f), (h), (j), (l), (n), (p), (r), (t), (v)) and of the control group ((a), (c), (e), (g), (i), (k), (m), (o), (q), (s), (u)). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1819375_F10_9953.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Histopathological image of a biopsy guided by the assessment in "Figure 9" showing keratosis with scattered nuclei (20–40 cell layers deep) and Civatte bodies at the basement membrane conducive with a diagnosis of Lichen Planus. This is at right angles (i.e. transverse section) to the plane of assessment in "Figure 9". |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2700446_F0003_40491.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Histology from left lower lobe transbronchial biopsy; (A) hematoxylin and eosin ×10, (B) synaptophysin immunohistochemistry ×40 |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic41195.jpg | is this a t1 weighted, t2 weighted, or flair image? | t1 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3233586_pone-0028640-g007_118534.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Gram-staining of lesion tissue sections revealed the presence of RGAS053 microcolonies (biofilms).10 µm sections of lesion tissue excised at 8 dpi were subjected to Gram-staining. RGAS053 infected samples contained microcolonies of adherent GAS (arrows). RGAS053Δsrv infected samples contained randomly dispersed GAS throughout the field of view and microcolonies were largely absent. Microcolony formation was not observed in lesion tissue excised from either MGAS315 or MGAS315Δsrv infected samples. Representative images from the same field of view are shown at 60× and 100× magnification. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4141343_Fig2_314977.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Quantification of echo intensity. Principle of the sonographic hepatorenal index. ROIs are placed over the liver parenchyma and renal cortex at the same depth. Mean echo intensities are determined on a standard 8-bit US image, e.g. in this example with freeware ImageJ, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). SHRI is calculated by dividing the mean liver brightness by the mean renal cortex brightness. In this example 59/14 = 4.21, i.e. severely fatty [20–23] |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4037580_fig9_292644.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | At 2 weeks after iliac artery ligation, all groups were performed on CEU. Above color-coded CEU perfusion images showed ischemic hind-limb muscle blood flow, indicating CEU signal from microbubbles was strongest for combination of SDF-1 and EPC-treated ischemic muscle. Adapted from [50]. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4177532_F7_323080.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Illustrative microphotographs of lung pathology caused by OA and ouabain at 30 min. Sterile saline (control – A, D); ouabain 10-4 (B, E), or 10-3 μmol (C, F); OA 10 μmol (G, I) or OA 10 μmol + ouabain 10-3 μmol (H, J) were injected i.v. 30 min before the collection of the lungs. Figures are shown at 100× magnification (A, B, C, G, H) or 1000× magnification (D, E, F, I, J). These pictures are representative of at least 5 animals in each group. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_79686.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | 62-year-old man with eroding pancreatic pseudocyst. Transverse transabdominal sonogram shows an anechoic small cystic, round, lesion (arrow) that was 1.5 cm in diameter at the region of the pancreatic head. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1948005_F3_13012.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Outlier patient 4, transaxial FDG PET- (A), transaxial FMISO PET- (B), CDS- (C) and transaxial CT (D) scans (pO2 = 2.5 mmHg= 43.0%, pO2 = 5.0 mmHg = 53.0%, pO2 = 10.0 mmHg = 71.5%, median pO2 = 3.7 mmHg, mean pO2 = 8.8 mmHg; CPD = 2.96%; FDGSUVmax = 4.80, FDGSUVmean = 4.55; FMISOT/M = 1.19, FMISOT/B = 1.11). 1/2 = distance measurements for the guidance of the polarographic needle electrode. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_15786.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Prompt resolution of infiltrates and pleural effusion after start of corticosteroids. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2813585_F0003_55789.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | This 17-year-old male presented with sudden development of decreased vision in the left eye, proptosis, conjunctival chemosis, ptosis and elevated intraocular pressure 1 year after having experienced head trauma (A, B). Imaging studies revealed classic features of CCF on the left side manifested as evidence of the enlargement of the superior ophthalmic vein (SPV)(C). Dilated signal-void serpiginous structures are seen intraconally and extending to the left cavernous sinus (C, D). In addition, there were enlarged extraocular muscles on the left side, as evidenced by axial and cornonal MRI (E, F). MRA and MRV confirmed the diagnosis of CCF with markedly enlarged left SOV (G) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3251882_fig1_121271.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Effect of MU on HA accumulation in cells and pericellular matrix formation. (A) Histochemical staining of hyaluronic acid binding protein (HABP) in each cell that was either left untreated or incubated with MU (1.0 mM) for 72 h (original magnification × 200). (B) Visualised pericellular matrix that was observed after 72 h of incubation without or with MU (1.0 mM; original magnification × 200). (C) Morphometric analyses were used to determine the proportions of the area delineated by the cell-associated matrix area to the area delineated by the plasma membrane area. Bars represent means±s.d. from 10 cells of each condition (*P<0.001, compared with DMSO). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4376778_pone.0122706.g004_372282.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | The level of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the brain sections of experimental mice studied by immunohistochemistry.Confocal microscopy images of the hippocampus CA1 or motor/somatosensory cortex of non-treated (Ctrl), α7(1–208)-immunized or LPS-injected mice stained with biotinylated Aβ40- or Aβ42-specific antibodies and developed with Extravidin-Cy3 (red) and with α7-specific antibody developed with anti-rabbit Alexa 488 (green). Bar corresponds to 50μm, actual for each fragment of the panel. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2769479_fig-001_49567.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | (A,B) Computed tomography of the brain on admission shows a 5 mm thick linear hyperdense lesion along the right side of the interhemispheric fissure. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qs1f7308320i3rbxw7.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, White, Yellow |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3097792_F1_96133.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Multiphase CT in arterial phase showing a focal enhancing lesion in segment 6 (A). Angiogram before embolisation shows tumour (arrows) supplied by the branch of right hepatic artery (B). Multiphase CT in arterial phase 1 month after embolisation reveals complete disappearance of tumour, in keeping with complete response (C). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2641017_pone-0004518-g007_34370.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you |
Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs showed an abrogated in vivo pluripotency.
In vivo pluripotential competence of Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs was evaluated by teratoma formation analysis. Cdk2ap1+/+ or Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs were transplanted into the testis of SCID mice in duplicate as described by Conway et al. (29). After 4 weeks, tumors were extracted and subjected to fixation and sectioning. The slides were stained with H&E and examined under bright field microscope. A. Gross examination of teratoma sections from Cdk2ap1+/+ and Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs (×4 magnification). B. Specified three lineages committed from Cdk2ap1+/+ mESCs. C. A restricted commitment of Cdk2ap1−/− mESCs to a certain mesoderm lineage. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuz8zw0074y99tt59jn.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4328038_Fig5_358093.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail |
Transformation of
A. nidulans
A4 with the plasmid pCPXBteGFP. (A-B) Bright-field images of an untransformed colony (A) and a potential transformant growing in the presence of carbendazim (B). (C-D) Epifluorescence stereomicroscopic analysis of a nontransformant colony showing no fluorescence (C) and a potential A. nidulans transformant showing fluorescence in the peripheral hyphae (D). Scale bars 2 mm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2797074_pone-0008416-g007_53198.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | The effect of smyhc1 knockdown, BTS treatment or hsp90α1 mutation on Z body formation, and Z-line organization in skeletal muscles of zebrafish embryos.Anti-α-actinin antibody staining shows the Z-disk organization in control (A, C), smyhc1 knockdown (B, D), BTS-treated (E, G), or slotu44c mutant (F, H) embryos at 60 hpf. C, D, G and H are high magnifications of A (control), B (smyhc1 knockdown), E (BTS treated) and F (slotu44c mutant), respectively. Scale bar = 25 µm in A, B; 20 µm in E, F; 4 µm in C, D, G, H. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4336728_Fig1_360898.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image |
Representative PET/CT images showing the NTcratio. (a) True positive case, 57-year-old woman with an SUV-T of 8.69, SUV-LN of 3.11, and a NT ratio of 0.381. (b) True negative case, 63-year-old woman with an SUV-T of 9.63, SUV-LN of 1.07, and a NT ratio of 0.111. (c) False positive case, 42-year-old woman with an SUV-T of 1.27, SUV-LN of 1.69, and a NT ratio of 0.751. (d) False negative case, 62-year-old woman with an SUV-T of 10.88, SUV-LN of 1.45, and a NT ratio of 0.132. The primary tumor (right panel, yellow arrow) and axillary lymph node (left panel, white arrow) showing the highest SUV-LN in the axillae are indicated. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4486413_Fig3_401043.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. |
Raman spectral imaging of neuroprogenitor and derived-glial cells. Phase contrast images (A,E), DAPI (blue)/FITC (green) fluorescence staining (B,F) and Raman spectral images corresponding to the 788cm-1 band (C,G) and 813 cm-1 band (D,H) for typical fixed neuroprogenitor and glial cells respectively. (Scale bars: 10 μm). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0323.jpg | What is seen between the cavernous spaces? | scanty connective tissue stroma |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4498614_pone.0130878.g002_405023.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Representative sample of a HR and LR scan containing a calcified plaque area.Panel A and B show a HR image at a different magnification, with a manual delineated calcium contour obtained with the closed segmentation method (panel C). Panel D and E show a LR image at a different magnification, with a manual delineated calcium contour obtained with the closed segmentation method (panel F). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4052480_fig7_296650.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | From the same pyramidal three-dimensional data set, the left ventricle can be visualized using different display modalities: volume rendering, for visualizing morphology and spatial relationships among adjacent structures; surface rendering, for quantitative purposes; and multislice (multiple two-dimensional tomographic views extracted automatically from a single 3D data set) for morphological and functional analysis at different regional levels. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2740050_fig-001_45285.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Photomicrograph of liver biopsy showing lympho-plasmacytic infiltrate and paucity of bile ducts in portal triad, and foci of lobular inflammation (H&E, x200). Inset showing high power view of the portal triad (H&E, x400). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0057.jpg | Are the tiny silica particles toxic to macrophages? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1208966_F2_3202.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Arterial phase of the computed tomography scan of the abdomen shows a hypervascularized area (arrows) in the pancreatic body. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3072967_pone-0018361-g002_92107.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Effect of flip angle and bandwidth on prostate visibility and artifacts.Flip angle of A: 30° vs B: 40° vs C: 50° at BW of ±62.5 kHz. Bandwidth of D: ±31.25 kHz vs E: ±62.5 kHz vs F: ±83.3 kHz. Red arrowheads indicate prostate boundaries. White arrows point to fat pad used for CNR calculations (FP) and to inguial lymph nodes (ILN). Scale bar is 1 cm. Scan parameters: Axial scan, FOV 3×3 cm, 200 µm isotropic resolution, TR/TE = 3.3–4.6 ms/1.1–2.3 ms, 4 PC, 2 NEX, 14 minutes. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4486502_Fig6_401092.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Example of visibility of landmarks on AP versus lateral view radiographs. Cadaveric distal femur of a 10-year-old male. a AP radiograph without markers, undulations easily visible. b AP radiograph with markers. c Lateral radiograph without markers, difficult to visualize posterolateral valley and central peak, marked by arrows. d Lateral radiograph with markers |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic36777.jpg | which plane is this image taken? | coronal |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1833.jpg | Does this image show well shown infarct? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2654729_pone-0004958-g001_35976.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Electron micrographs showing viral particles in a sample of patient no. 4.a) destroyed merkel cell carcinoma cell with viral particles (white arrow) measuring 50 nm, mingled with nuclear fragments and multiple smaller ribosomes (20 nm). b) penetration of virions through the nuclear membrane (white arrows) toward the cytoplasm (on the left). (original magnification; 12000×). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3629082_pone-0056799-g003_199312.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Imaging of the transplanted islets and surrounding blood vessels.Overlay of GFP fluorescence (pancreatic islets) and Texas Red fluorescence (blood vessels). Upper row: islets in the control group, Lower row: islets in the tacrolimus-treated group. GFP and Texas Red were excited at 890 nm. The scale bar indicated 51.0 μm/unit. |
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