image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/sfolder_3/PMC4532929_F5_413861.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Immunofluorescence images for integrin α4 (ITGA4) in red and cell nuclei in blue. Cross sections corresponding to a contralateral cochlea (bottom), and cochleae at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days post-implantation. The sections were observed under a confocal microscope. Mosaic images of different areas of the cochlea were acquired and later constructed. Three to four specimens were analyzed for each time point. Scale bars = 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4407553_Fig2_380198.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Morphology of the structural elements of the uterine wall at a higher magnification. Stratum compactum (a,e,i) and spongiosum endometrii (b,f,j), circular (c,g,k) and longitudinal (d,h,l) layers of the myometrium at the end of gestation months 1 (a-d), 3 (e-h), and 8 (i-l). Note the increasing height of the surface epithelium (SE), the increasing thickness of the subepithelial mesh of connective tissue fibres (*), the increasing diameter of deep uterine glands (DG) and myometrial smooth muscle cells, while superficial uterine glands SG did not show significant changes with ongoing pregnancy. The decreasing nucleus:cytoplasm ratio of myometrial smooth muscle cells is evident when comparing g,h vs. k,l. C: chorion. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4216068_pone-0111352-g001_332046.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | The immunohistochemical detection of innate immune cells was performed by using MBP, tryptase, CD68, CD163, CD11c, 2D7, and HNE (magnification x400).UP, uncinate process tissue; NP, nasal polyp tissue; CRSsNP, chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps; CRSwNP, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; MBP, anti-human eosinophil major basic protein; HNE, anti-human neutrophil elastase. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4630369_fig2_439993.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | CT (top), PET (middle), and PET/CT (bottom) scans of patient number 1 (a–d). (a) and (c) were for initial staging: pretherapy scans showing diffuse soft-tissue thickening and 18F-FDG accumulation in nasopharynx (SUVmax, 18) (a) and intense uptake in retropharyngeal lymph node and bilateral cervical lymph nodes (SUVmax, 8.3) (c). (b) and (d) were for follow-up staging: scans after seven cycles of docetaxel-based chemotherapy and nasopharyngeal and cervical radiotherapy showing slight 18F-FDG uptake in right nasopharynx (SUVmax, 4.0) (b) and no uptake in lymph node metastases (d). (e) Photomicrograph of patient number 1 showing poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma consistent with NPC (hematoxylin and eosin, ×100). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1113.jpg | What is present? | joints |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4028847_F2_290226.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Sentinel node (yellow arrow) identified by axial computed tomography with localizing marker (white arrows). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2838807_F5_59165.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Two-color STED microscopy of the three hVDAC isoforms and hexokinase-I reveals individual protein clusters. U2OS cells expressing one of the three Flag-tagged hVDAC isoforms were labeled with antibodies directed against the Flag-tag and hexokinase-I. With confocal microscopy, neither individual hVDAC3 nor individual hexokinase-I clusters could be resolved (bottom row). In contrast, the corresponding STED images clearly resolved hVDAC3 and hexokinase-I clusters (third row). Two-color STED images of hVDAC1 or hVDAC2, imaged together with hexokinase-I, further shows that the hVDAC1/hVDAC2 domains are frequently composed out of smaller clusters. In the overlay the green color corresponds to the hVDAC signal and the red color to the hexokinase-I signal. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic28383.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | incompetent cervix |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4594424_F2_430012.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Cytological observations of cells in SEs (A–F), FFEC (G–L), and OFEC (M–R) of cassava by TEM. G, Golgi body; Mt, mitochondria; P, plastid; Pe, peroxisome; RER, rough endoplasmic reticulum; S, starch granule; V, vacuole. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3879024_F1_255996.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Findings of pulmonary mucormycosis detected by computed tomography (A, B) and multi-slice computed tomography (C). A) First hospitalization, soft-tissue alveolar-consolidation changes of the anterior and posterior segment of the upper lobe (arrow). B) Second hospitalization, peribronchial circular thickening, with deformation and constriction of all bronchial segments, with peribronchial propagation in the form of irregular, interlobular septal and nodular (up to 1cm) opacities (arrow). Suspected clot masses were viewed in the lumen of the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, azygos vein and splenic vein. C) Third hospitalization, the signs of minor regression of the soft-tissue inflammatory consolidation of the upper right lobe (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4052112_fig2_296517.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | ((a)–(d)) The construction of a 3D virtual copy of the provisional guide (orange). (a) 3D reconstruction of the CT images. Notice that the mandible is slighted opened and deflected to the left side. (b) 3D model of the provisional guide (orange) articulated to the dental arches. (c) Provisional guide extracted. (d) Detailed view of the provisional guide adjusted to the upper and lower teeth. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qr1f5r0832h09pejru.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qj1exf0832aav65cug.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4065704_fig3_300338.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Axial T1-weighted cerebral MRI confirmed the presence of a lesion of increased signal, similar to brain tissue (a); the tumor (22 × 15 × 11 mm) enhanced with gadolinium in the medial portion of middle ear and in the tubaric region (b). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4603136_F2_432700.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | MRI of the patient's pelvic cavity revealed small multifocal areas (arrows) on the left, right, and back side of the anus. These foci had a weaker intensity on the T1WIs and were more heterogeneous with stronger intensity on the T2-weighted images. Note that the left side of the pelvic cavity (L) appears larger than the right side (R). MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, T1WI = T1-weighted image. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2740005_fig-001_45181.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | MRI image showing the site of the tumor in the left tibia (Case 1). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3944779_fig1_272236.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Physiological events of normal swallowing as seen by real-time MRI (27-year-old female). LAT: laryngeal ascent, VCT: velo-pharyngeal closure, OOT: oro-velar opening (start time defined as reference), PTT: pharyngeal transit, GCT: glottal closure, SFT: vallecular and piriform sinus filling, ERT: epiglottic retroflexion, PCT: pharyngeal constriction, EOT: esophageal opening, LDT: laryngeal descent (“s” and “e” refer to respective start and end times). The images are selected from respective movies (see Supplementary Movie 1 in the Supplementary Material available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/493174) at a resolution of 41.2 ms (24.3 frames per second) and sorted according to their temporal onset from top left to bottom right. For further details see text. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2932714_pone-0012529-g004_72622.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Immunofluorescence labeling of Ure2 after extracellular addition to the cell lines.Labeling with Ure2 polyclonal antibody was carried out in the SH-SY5Y, HEK-293, HeLa and MES 23.5 cell lines 48 h after extracellular addition of different states of Ure2 protein (bar = 12 µm). The concentration of Ure2 and its fibrillar species used here was 3 µM. The images shown are cell sections obtained by confocal microscopy, as described in the Materials and Methods. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2650709_F1_35342.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Morphology of lymphatic vessels in cervical cancer tissue. (A) The lymph vessels of the normal cervix control were open and regular (arrow). Primary antibody: LYVE-1 polyclonal antibody, magnification: ×200. (B) Blood vessel endothelial cells, negative by immunostaining, with some red blood cells in the capillary lumen (arrow). Primary antibody: LYVE-1 polyclonal antibody, magnification: ×400. (C) The intratumoral lymph vessels were small and collapsed (←); in contrast, the peritumoral lymphatics were often dilated, and irregularly shaped (→). Primary antibody: LYVE-1 polyclonal antibody, magnification: ×200. (D) Some invading cancer cells were present in lymph vessels (star). Primary antibody: LYVE-1 polyclonal antibody, magnification: ×400. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_1084.jpg | Is brain present? | yes |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2942817_F1_74105.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Actinomycete species isolated from attine ants. Actinomycete species isolated from Acromyrmex octospinosus worker ants viewed under a light microscope at 40 × magnification. Streptomyces strains are numbered S1-S9 and Pseudonocardia strains P1-P2. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3671516_fig1_208761.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Panoramic histological view of the laryngeal polypoid lesion (1a) (H-E, 15x). Frequent islets of clear foam cells with congestive vessels are seen below a laryngeal squamous epithelium without atypia (1b) (H-E, 100x). At higher magnifications, the foam cells have a xanthomatous appearance (1c) (H-E, 250x) and are negative for PAS (1d) (PAS, 400x). Immunohistochemical staining shows intense cytoplasmic reactivity in the foam cells against CD68 (ie) (CD68, 250x) and adipophilin (1f) (adipophilin, 250x). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3817735_pharmaceuticals-06-00960-f005_241086.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | S5-DBD-PA interferes with the nuclear translocation of Stat5 upon prolactin induction. (a) Stat5-activation in T-47D breast cancer cells stimulated with Prl. (b) Immunofluorescent images of lentiviral transduced T-47D cells either expressing S5-DBD-PA or hTRX were taken 7 days after infection by confocal laser scanning microscopy in the absence or presence of Prl. Cells were stained with a Flag-tag antibody, marked with a Alexa 546 conjugated secondary antibody, and a Alexa 647 conjugated antibody recognizing tyrosine phosphorylated Stat5a and Stat5b. Nuclear staining was performed with DAPI and fluorescence marker (eGFP) expression of the SiEW-lentiviral transfer vector was monitored. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_54022.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Bilateral metastatic osteolisys, showing vascular injection of the cement. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01068.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Brain MRI – a single uncharacteristic small focus in hemispheric white matter.Abbreviation: MRI, magnetic resonance imaging. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4632831_ijms-16-25881-f005_440886.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Assessment of fibrosis in the animal hearts. Cirrhosis was assessed using Masson’s trichrome (MS) staining assay to indicate collagen accumulation (the blue color indicated by the arrows) in the heart tissue slides. The bar length is 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2803781_F4_54053.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Effect of tra over-expression during development on sexual differentiation of adults. UAS-tra males were crossed to GS255B virgins, cultured on food with drug (+RU486) to drive the over-expression of tra during development, or cultured on food with ethanol as the control, as indicated. Pictures were taken at the magnification of 100X. (A, B) Female genitalia. (C, D) Male genitalia. (E, F) Male sex comb. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4512673_pone.0132554.g001_408792.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Odd-even effect observed in DW-MR data.Healthy liver DW-MR image (v3-0528) showing the odd-even effect (in the coronal view) as a result of an interleaving acquisition protocol; the coronal view images (C and D) show what is seen from the cross section of the horizontal line drawn on the transverse view slice (A and B); the two columns show different cross sections on the same volume; image volume selected is one of the repeat data-sets (out of 4) with diffusion gradient in −x direction; b-value = 100s/mm
2; gamma adjusted. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3177881_F3_109340.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | PET/CT scan: 2 views showing the 3.9 cm rim calcified right anterior mediastinal mass which is FDG avid (SUV 6). The adjacent midline anterior mediastinal density is FDG avid as well (SUV 3.9). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3469248_fig2_159821.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Microscopic appearance of Merkel cell carcinoma. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of a MCC section. (a) Nodular growth pattern. (b) Infiltrative growth pattern. (c) Lymphovascular invasion. (d) Skeletal muscle invasion. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4629149_f7_439762.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Immunohistochemical analysis of the paraffin-embedded sling and clasp muscle fibers stained with bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BB3) specific antibodies.BB3 immunostaining (arrows) was detected in the LES sling (A) and clasp (B) muscle ganglia (magnification 400×). The sections were stained with equimolar concentrations of normal rabbit IgG, which was used as a negative control for the sling (C) and clasp (D) muscle staining (magnification 400×). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3608562_pone-0059782-g008_194675.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Analysis of stress and senescent-associated markers on vitiligo tissue biopsies.P53 and its senescent-associated target genes PML and GADD45a were analyzed on tissue biopsies (VHM = 4; NHM = 4) by immunohistochemistry. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2790443_F3_52656.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Consequences of the ER-resident trafficking deficient CLN5 on the localization of CLN2, CLN6 and CLN8 in HeLa cells. HeLa cells were transiently transfected alone with the trafficking deficient CLN5 (CLN5-TD) carrying the intramolecular flag-tag after aa 330 (A-C) or together with wild type CLN6 (D-F) or CLN8 (G-I). The cells were fixed with methanol 48 h post transfection, stained and analyzed by confocal microscopy. The CLN5-TD did not have an effect on the lysosomal localization of endogenous CLN2 (A-C) or on the overexpressed ER resident NCL proteins CLN6 (D-F) and CLN8 (G-I). Scale bar 10 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1676.jpg | Does this image show lymph nodes, nodular sclerosing hodgkins disease? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3965129_f3-etm-07-04-0917_276414.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | A 57-year-old female with an 11-year history of T2DM. (A and B) Soft plaques in the middle segment of the right coronary artery with an eccentric and smooth surface (black arrow). The CT value was 26 Hu. (C) The plaque was identified through routine coronary angiography. CT, computed tomography; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4559320_Fig1_420605.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | MRI showing the location of brain regions sampled for post-mortem analysis. FLAIR-weighted, coronal MR images from anterior to posterior (a-g) of the LBC1936 participant’s brain. Post-mortem, regions were collected for analysis as highlighted by the numbered boxes. h Numbered boxes correspond to the brain regions labelled in the table, with corresponding Brodmann Area for each cortical region provided |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3985035_F5_280848.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | The Qualitative results for the five cases of the PBNRR filter. Each column corresponds to a different case, and each row from the top to the bottom: the preoperative MRI, the intra-operative MRI, and the warped preoperative MRI using PBNRR and the warped preoperative MRI using BSpline based NRR. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_52986.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Subclavian vein occlusion after ICD-DR im plantation – venography after introduction of the vascular sheath |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic47704.jpg | which organ system is shown in the ct scan? | lung, mediastinum, pleura |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4186565_f4-ol-08-05-2140_325560.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Patient 4. (A) Unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging scan reveals that the lesion is located in the anterior skull base with a well-defined border and lobulated shape. (B) The lesion exhibits a crow-midline growth pattern and intratumoral vessels are visible (arrow). (C) Enhanced scan reveals that the lesion is heterogeneously enhanced. (D) A narrow-based attachment to the skull base may be observed. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv6906k074y56xz8cyc.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3795766_pone-0075060-g001_237372.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Pruning of the Cranial Division of the Internal Carotid Artery (CrDI) during eye blood vessel development in zebrafish embryos.Still images of a frontal view time-lapse movie of Tg(kdrl:Hsa.HRAS-mcherry)s916; Tg(fli1a:nEGFP)y7 zebrafish embryos. (A) Overlay of brightfield image with fluorescent channels. (B) Fluorescent channel only. (C) Onset of the connection of the Nasal Ciliary Artery (NCA) to the CrDI at 33.5 hpf. (D) Connection of the NCA has completed (arrow). Box indicates area imaged in Figure 2. (E) Collapse of endothelial lumen in the dorsal CrDI (arrowhead) at 40 hpf. (F) Completion of CrDI pruning (arrowhead). Scale bar = 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4503529_pone.0132941.g003_406266.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Effects of NAM and Sirtinol on cortical granule-free domain (CGFD) formation in porcine oocytes.In the control group, cortical granules (CGs) were absent at the cortex near the site of polar body extrusion in MI oocyte. However, in the treatment group, cortical granules were distributed uniformly across the entire cortex. CGFD formation was failed to observation. The arrow indicates a CGFD. Green, CGs; blue, chromatin. Bar = 20 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4186593_f3-ol-08-05-2171_325603.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Expression of transforming growth factor-β1 was (++) in the cytoplasm and (+) in the extracellular matrix of epithelial ovarian cancer cells (magnification, ×200). Sections with <5% positive cells scored 0; 5–25% positive cells scored 1; 26–50% positive cells scored 2; 51–75% positive cells scored 3; and >75% positive cells scored 4. To dermine the positivity of a sample 0–2 corresponds to (−), 3–4 to (+), 5–8 to (++) and 9–12 to (+++). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic40991.jpg | what part of the body is being imaged here? | face, sinuses, and neck |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz9dox0086u1in86pcf.jpg | What is the size of the polyp? | 5-10mm |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_49081.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Residual uncinate process and Haller cell. A coronal C.T scan of a patient admitted for revision FESS showing a residual right uncinate process (arrow head) and a residual left Haller (infraorbital) cell (arrow). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_37566.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Coronal MRI of the pelvis, T1-weighted image. There are two small rounded lesions (arrows) on the sacrum adjacent to the right SI joint with the same signal as those seen in image 5. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4423894_pone.0126546.g003_384394.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Basal levels of autophagy marker LC3 in full thickness human skin sections from young and old donors.Representative fluorescence confocal photomicrographs for LC3 (red fluorescence) and DAPI is used for nucleic staining (blue fluorescence). (A) skin section from the photo-protected upper arm of a young donor, age 27 yr. (B) skin section from the photo-exposed lower arm of the same young donor. (C) skin section from the photo-protected upper arm of an old donor, age 60 yr. (D): skin section from the photo-exposed lower arm of the same old donor. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4270743_pntd-0003384-g004_345647.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Microscopic pathology in the heart and skeletal muscles of a dystrophin gene kDNA-mutated rooster, showing inflammatory infiltrates and lysis of striated muscle and of parasympathetic neurons.A) and B) Heart (left) and skeletal muscle (right) sections showing vacuolation of fibers and inflammatory infiltrates (arrows) in rooster 24 with mutation (HG531472) in the dystrophin gene. C) Inflammatory infiltrations and target striated muscle cell lysis in a chicken progeny. D and E) Inflammatory lymphocytes infiltrates (arrows) parasympathetic ganglia of the large bowel (middle) and of the heart (right), and neuronolysis. Bars, 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3087503_fig3_94411.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Tests on the synthetic noisy image shown in Fig. 2B. (A) FP-NLM filtered; (B) a selected image region taken from Fig. 2B and enlarged; (C) FP-NLM filtering result in the selected region; (D) denoised image of Fig. 2B by NLM filter; (E) denoised image of Fig. 2B by PBF; (F) denoised images of the area marked by the white box in (A, D, and E) shown enlarged, left: FP-NLM filtered, middle: NLM filtered and right: PBF filtered. The filtering parameters are given in the main text. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3661522_pone-0064096-g002_206266.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Localization of GIRK5 in an Xl oocyte.Images on the left and right show light transmission and confocal images, respectively. The animal pole (ap) and vegetal pole (vp) are shown at the top and the bottom of each panel, respectively. Oocyte circumference (A and B) and the limits between the animal and vegetal poles are indicated on confocal images with a white circle and dashes, respectively. The nucleus (n) is shown on the light transmission images. A) Non injected; B) Injected with EGFP-GIRK5, which localized in the nucleus at the animal pole (green); C) Injected with ECFP-ER, which labeled the ER (red). Scale bar: 250 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3366891_F8_140379.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | T2-weighted MR images of different amounts of RAW267.4 cell (treated with 100 μg/mL particles for 1 h) suspended in Matrigel (0.4 mL) and embedded subcutaneously into the dorsal flanks of mice (arrow head). A: 1 × 104. B: 1 × 105. C: 1 × 106 . Left side: cells treated with SHU555A. Right side: cells treated with the MNCs (63 nm). D: plain Matrigel. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4049677_f3-ol-07-06-1933_295744.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | (A) Pathological results revealing the composition of the tumor, with spindle cells, a lack of nuclear atypia and mitotic figures (HE; magnification, ×200). Immunohistochemical analysis showing positive cytoplasmic staining for (B) desmin, (C) CD10 and (D) caldesmon in the tumor cells (magnification, ×200). HE, hematoxylin and eosin; CD10, cluster of differentiation 10. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2862707_pone-0010431-g001_63330.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Representative phase contrast images of spheroids formed in 3D Matrigel culture.Most structures fell into the categories round, mass, stellate, or grape-like. Some cell lines failed to form spheroids in Matrigel but persisted as single live cells for up to two weeks (single phenotype). Most spheroids were imaged at days 9–10 after inoculation. PC-3 spheroids, shown as round phenotype at day 9, undergo a metamorphosis to invasive/stellate phenotype at day 13. The same occurs to PC-3M at an earlier time point (day 5–8). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4131879_pone-0103348-g006_313229.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Detection of GAP43 expression in the sciatic nerve of 808-nm LLLT laser-treated distal site using immunofluorescent staining.Groups: sham-operated rats without (normal) or with 8 J/cm2 LLLT (normal+8J) and rats with sciatic nerve crush injury without (crush) or with LLLT at 3 J/cm2 (crush+3J), 8 J/cm2 (crush+8J) or 15 J/cm2 (crush+15J). Sections were labeled with DAPI (blue), GAP43 (green) and neurofilament (red), which is specifically expressed in neurites. Original magnification: 100×. White boxes show the enlarged views with a magnification of 400×. Scale bar, 200 um. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3599483_fig06_192398.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Typical case of improved Eustachian tube function after MAC regeneration. Nine-year-old female with cholesteatoma with adhesive otitis media. (a-1, b-1) High-resolution CT scan of the temporal bone. (a-2, b-2) Sonotubometry test results for Eustachian tube ventilatory function. (a) Pre-operation. Development of mastoid air cells and Eustachian tube function is poor and there is no aeration in the mastoid cavity. (b) Six months after the second-stage operation. Regenerated mastoid air cells and good aeration in the mastoid cavity are observed along with concurrent improvement of Eustachian tube function. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3834860_pone-0077674-g004_244864.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Representative MEMRI scans of an exposed (tinnitus) untreated rat (left column), an unexposed (no-tinnitus) untreated rat (center column), and an exposed treated rat (right column).Panel rows are indexed with respect to the auditory nerve (dark arrows in row 0). The row labels indicate distance in mm rostral (positive values) or caudal (negative values) to the auditory nerve. The dorsal cochlear nucleus (dark arrows) appears in row −0.6 and the paraflocculus (white arrows) in row −0.9. The scale bar (top right panel) is 2 mm, R and L indicate the right and left hemispheres, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3108610_pone-0020499-g002_97975.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. |
M. tuberculosis complex mycobacteria are internalized into amoeba.Transmission electron-microscopy observation of M. tuberculosis H37Rv (A and B), M. bovis (C), M. avium (D) and M. canettii (E and F) in A. polyphaga trophozoites. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3554718_pone-0054622-g002_181338.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | The fluorescence mainly distributed on the surface of the PDAV.The red fluorescence indicated the presence of VEGF bound to HEP-PDAV (A), while the green fluorescence distributed on the surface of the tissue cross section represent HEP bound to the whole the decellularized valve (B). The fluorescence between FITC and Rhodamine B was non-overlapping, indicating that the both HEP and VEGF were mutually bound to the PDAV (C). (A–C) Scale bars: 60 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2694310_fig3_39763.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Magnetic resonance imaging of the tumor. (a) T1-weighed MRI. The mass showed mixed low and iso-intensity signals. (b) T2-weighed MRI. The mass showed mixed high and iso-intensity signals. (c) The tumor was enhanced remarkably by gadolinium. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2774534_fig3_50261.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Low magnification view of myolipoma. The tumour is characterised by lobules of adult-type (mature) adipose tissue intimately admixed with sheets and septa of smooth muscle. Both components lack cellular atypia (H&E stain; 2× magnification). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3520810_pone-0051469-g003_172205.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | IS causes mitochondrial fission and membrane rupture.(A) Sample TEM images of mitochondria from neurons (upper) and astrocytes (lower) treated as indicated for 24 hrs. (B) Sample western blots of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome C (Cyto C) release from samples treated as indicated for 6 hrs. Blots are representative of 3 separate experiments. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2698154_pone-0006084-g001_40265.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Nestin and GR colocalize in embryonic tissue of mice.(A) Horizontal section through the head of a mouse embryo (E 14.5); paraffin section stained with hematoxilin-eosin; (B–E) Immunoperoxidase labelling of GR and Nes on consecutive sections demonstrates expression in glia (B and C) and muscle fibres at vibrissae (D and E). (F–G) Fluorescence double labelling demonstrates co-localization of GR and Nes in glia (F1–F3) and in developing muscles adjacent to a hair follicle (G1–G3). Bars in A–E = 100 µm; G1 = 20 µm; G3 = 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2831462_fig2_58349.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Neoplastic proliferation of differentiated plasma cells. Immunochemistry was positive for CD138 (plasma cell marker) and negative for CD20 (accompanying B-lymphocytes) and CD3 (accompanying T-lymphocytes). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3407145_pone-0042109-g003_147123.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Burned roof unit (unit 9).(A) Overview of the excavated building. (B) Burned roof elements inside the building with position of sample for thin section production. (C) Detail of (B) showing the three elements of the burned roof: burned beams, white phytolith ash layer and reddened daub layer. (D) Architectural elements within and under the burned roof: F: Floor, P: Posthole, I: Flint tools. B: wooden roof elements. (E) Detail of burned beams from the wooden structure of the roof. (F) Stereographic projection of trend and plunge for all recorded burned beams and rose diagrams showing dip and trend for recorded burned beams. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04227.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Schematic presentation for the correctable angle by asymmetrical lateral proximal tibia epiphysiodesis. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_15275.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Hemodynamically stable patient (patient B) with blunt abdominal trauma after motor vehicle accident. CT with intravenous contrast shows hemoperitoneum, fractured spleen with large hematoma and extravasation of contrast medium into the abdominal cavity (AAST grade 4, Baltimore grade 4b) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3597136_Fig1_191579.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Viral diseases elimination through meristem culture in sweetpotato. a Development of isolated apical meristem (6 days old) on filter paper bridge in liquid MS medium. b Primary shoots initiation after 14 days in liquid medium. c Shoot with primary leaf development after subculturing in the semisolid medium. d Development of complete plantlet with root after transferring in a semisolid medium. e Multiplication of plantlets using excised nodal segment. f Acclimatization of plantlets. g Normal storage root developed in meristem-derived plants. h Meristem-derived plantlets in net house for producing clone from pre-original seed |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4616796_F2_435875.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the femoral artery-deep femoral artery arterioarterial prosthetic loop 1 year after placement. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3557284_pone-0054792-g002_181930.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Expression of expanded polyglutamine protein disrupts eye morphology of adult flies.(A–D) Scanning election microscopic images of the eyes of 15-day-old adult flies (×200). (a–d) Scanning election microscopic images of the eyes of 15-day-old adult flies (×1000). Compared to normal Drosophila phenotype (A, a), moderate expression of MJDtr-78Q in eye caused mildly disrupted eye morphology (C, c), whereas strong expression of MJDtr-78Q in eye had quite deleterious effect on the eye phenotype (D, d). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2045107_F3_14459.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Calponin is not expressed in embryonic tissue. The olfactory mucosa was immunolabeled with antibodies to identify A) ORNs (TUJ1-red, Fn-green, DAPI-blue), B) connective tissue (Fn-red, calponin-green, DAPI-blue), C) OECs (p75NTR-red, calponin-green, DAPI-blue) and D) control tissue omitting the primary antibody. Images were obtained using the confocal microscope. The embryonic olfactory mucosa lacked any calponin immunoreactivity even though it expressed other markers which defined the OECs and connective tissue seen in the P7 olfactory mucosa. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3335008_pone-0035820-g004_134906.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | PKCα does not localize to P-bodies.Non-treated SK-N-BE(2)C cells (A) or SK-N-BE(2)C cells transfected with a vector encoding PKCα-EGFP (B) were placed at 44°C for 1 h. PKCα and the P-body marker Dcp1a (A) or Dcp1a and G3BP2 (B) were thereafter visualized by immunofluorescence. Cells were analyzed by confocal microscopy and in (B) PKCα was detected by the EGFP fluorescence. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic18218.jpg | in what plane is this mri captured? | axial |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2614527_F1_32202.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | LRC are in cycle during pregnancy. The nuclear label [3H]-thymidine is detected by autoradiography in sections of mammary tissue from pregnant mice that received 5BrdU for 2 weeks during weeks 4 and 5 of life (group 1 is day 3 of pregnancy, group 2 is day 4 of pregnancy, group 3 is day 6 of pregnancy, and group 4 is day 12 of pregnancy). LRC in periductal and basal positions are evident in all time points evaluated. Arrows indicate double positive cells. Scale bars = 10 μm. 5BrdU, 5-bromodeoxyuridine; LRC, label-retaining cell. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4073282_fig6s1_301789.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | VLP release is impaired by inactivating or depleting Vps4.(A) Confocal image of HEK293T cells expressing Vps4B-E228Q or Vps4A & Vps4B siRNA and transfected with Gag-GFP. Note that Gag accumulates on the plasma membrane instead of in released VLPs (compare with Figure 5—figure supplement 1A). (B) Deep-etch EM of an unbroken Vps4-depleted cell expressing Gag showing unbudded VLPs accumulating on the cell surface.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02184.011 |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4315475_Fig7_355120.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | BVS in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Right coronary artery occluded with a thrombus during the acute course of an inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (a). After manual thrombectomy with an Export catheter and extensive predilatation with a 3.0 × 15 mm balloon, a 3.5 × 28 mm BVS was implanted (b and c, BVS positioning). Final angiography cine (d) and OCT pullback documented an excellent result (e−k). *Residual adherent thrombi (pullback—Supplemental video 6) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4586912_fig2-2324709615577415_428107.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Jejunum biopsy. Hematoxylin–eosin staining (A-C) and immunohistochemistry (D-F).(A) Low-power view of transmural wall involvement with tumor cell infiltration and necrosis. (B) Low-power small intestine villi infiltrated with tumor cells. (C) High-power view of tumor cells and mitotic figure (center). (D) CK7 cytoplasmic immunostaining. (E) TTF-1 nuclear immunostaining. (F) Napsin A, granular cytoplasmic immunostaining. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4048622_F7_295540.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Microscopic appearance of the kidney stained with H & E. Microarchitecture of kidney tissues stained with H & E and viewed at ×10 magnification in rats 4 weeks post-exposure to different concentrations of ZALH (A), ZALL (B), ZAH (C), ZAL (D) and vehicle control (E). G, glomerular; T, tubule. Micrographs (A) and (C) (encircled areas) show some leukocyte infiltrations which are eosinophilic glomerular due to inflammation likely caused by high dose of the nanocomposite delivery system. The two areas from (A) and (C) were viewed under higher magnification and they are presented in Figure 7. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4021991_fig3_288928.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Plain X-ray of abdomen of 4-year-old boy showing ingested 5 pieces of rare-earth magnets joined together due to strong magnetic force. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3403125_fig2_146254.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | August 2008 (upper row): axial T2WI ((a) and (b)) and sagittal FLAIR (c) and August 2011 (middle row) axial T2WI ((d), (e), and (f)) demonstrate sequelae of lesions as multifocal high T2 signal intensities in right centrum semiovale area and peri-left-occipital horn white matter, involving also splenium and posterior body of the corpus callosum which were stable and the peripheral vasogenic edema is gone. August 2011 (lower row) postcontrast axial T1 W images ((g) and (h)) and sagittal cervical spine T2 WI (i), no enhancement in lesion or abnormal signal intensity in cervical cord were seen. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4310313_fig3_353795.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | (a) Endogenous integrin expression using immunostaining in CHO and U87MG cells. (b) Confocal fluorescence microscopy images of cells with or without integrin αvβ3. U87MG-EGFP and CHO-EGFP cells were incubated with 2 μg of GCR or GC protein at 37°C for 1 h. Confocal microscopy imaging following treatment with the GCR protein revealed fluorescent signals from U87MG-EGFP cells but no signals from CHO-EGFP cells. Confocal microscopy following treatment with the GC protein revealed no fluorescent signals from U87MG-EGFP or CHO-EGFP cells. Scale bar corresponds to 10 μm. U87MG, human glioblastoma-astrocytoma, epithelial-like cells; CHO, Chinese hamster ovary cells; EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4454674_pone.0128700.g005_393059.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | DNA translocation analysis by triplex displacement.Reactions were examined by agarose gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of 32P-labelled-triplex-forming-oligonucleotide (Materials and Methods). Bound (triplex) and free triplex-forming-oligonucleotide (TFO) are indicated. Lane 1, free TFO; lane 2, triplex formed by the triplex-forming-oligonucleotide and covalently closed pLKS5 plasmid DNA; lane 3, triplex incubated with endonuclease reconstituted with wildtype HsdR; lane 4, triplex incubated with endonuclease reconstituted with mutant Lys220Ala HsdR, lane 5, triplex incubated with endonuclease reconstituted with mutant Lys220Glu HsdR; triplex incubated with endonuclease reconstituted with mutant Lys220Arg HsdR. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07875.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Lateral neck X-ray view of the patient showing subglotic narrowing and soft tissue opacity. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1775066_F6_8596.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Immunostaining for MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-3 in the pigtailed macaque endometrium. Samples were collected either on day 0 (a,c,d) or on day 2, 48 hours after P withdrawal (b,d,f). Note the strong gradient of MMP immunostaining with the strongest signal in the upper and mid functionalis zone. Magnifications (50× original magnification). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4441737_Fig1_389044.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | MRI scans of case 1–3 showing longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions. Yellow solid arrows indicate extensions of lesions. The lesion extended throughout the entire myelon and there were also lesions in the brainstem in case 1 (a) (upper inset in a). Blue dashed lines in the sagittal images indicate the levels of related axial scans. med. obl. axial scan at level of medulla oblongata, C and T indicate the respective cervical and thoracic vertebrae; T2 T2 weighed MRI sequence, T1 T1 weighed MRI sequence, +Gd gadolinium-enhanced sequence |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3592849_pone-0057179-g004_190808.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Phase-contrast images of ELC colonies.PBMC from a DS1-treated dog were isolated 4 days post DS-1 cell infusion, and cultured in vitro. Two adherent cells appeared 4 days after the start of culture as shown in Panel A. Panel B shows the expansion of the 2-cell colony to a small ELC colony 10 days later. Panel C shows an image of the center of the colony 15 days after Panel B. Panel D shows a higher magnification of Panel C. Original objective: 10X for Panel A, 4X for Panels B and C, and 20X for Panel D. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4579299_fig7_425976.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Upon immunohistochemical staining of the original endoscopic biopsy specimen, this second layer of smooth muscle/fibrous tissue was also lined on the antiluminal side by a layer of flat endothelial cells, highlighted by the endothelial marker CD34 (immunofluorescence staining of endoscopic biopsy). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3211880_F5_114945.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | a High-resolution TEM images of the samples prepared by NaBH4 = 1,100 μL and PVP = 6 mL. The sample was pre-adsorbed on the amino-terminated silica film–coated copper grids to increase the adhesion of anionic nanoprisms. The subplots b–d show the individual nanostructure with a triangular shape. The insets show the electron diffraction pattern taken from the individual nanostructure. e HRTEM image of a silver nanoprism by directing the electron beam perpendicular to the flat face. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3280255_pone-0030615-g002_125901.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | 70K with Ile-to-Ala mutations bind to FN−/− fibroblasts.(A) FN−/− fibroblasts adherent to FN-coated coverslips were provided 40 nM FITC-70K, FITC-70K I150/242A, FITC-70K I480/572A, or FITC-70K I150/242/480/572A for 1 h before fluorescent microscopic imaging of the FITC fluorochrome. Results are representative of multiple fields of each condition examined in four separate experiments. Bar, 10 µm. (B) Western blot of cell lysates from cells provided FITC-70K (1), FITC-70K I150/242A (2), FITC-70K I480/572A (3), or FITC-70K I150/242/480/572A (4). The asterisk denotes the FITC-70K band. The Western blot was probed with rabbit anti-FITC followed by peroxidase-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/cell_other/train_2947.jpg | Is opened muscle present? | no |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_79498.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Complete rupture of the Achilles tendon with haemorrhage and debris filling the gap between the torn ends (stars). The arrows point to the distal tendon which has a slack appearance due to loss of tension. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_44578.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Angiogram showing extravasation from the tertiary branches of the right hepatic artery after selective angiography of the right hepatic artery. Arrows shows area of extravasation. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic18141.jpg | is this a ct scan? | yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3974199_F5_278438.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | CD94 status does not affect the iris disease in D2 mice. Representative images for mice of each genotype are shown, with broad beam illumination on top of transillumination images. Comparative analysis of CD94 sufficient and deficient mice (Klrd1+/+and Klrd1-/-) indicates that the onset and progression of iris disease in D2 Klrd1-/-(A-H) is similar to that in D2 Klrd1+/+(I-P). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4560768_Fig3_421214.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Axial T2- and T2-FLAIR images, two MRI examinations in case 2. Bottom row shows progression of lesions seen after 2 weeks |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4287685_Fig6_349273.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Callose distribution in tetrads of sexual T. linearisquameum. In all images transversal walls with callose denoted by arrowheads; ch chalazal pole, m micropylar pole. a Diffuse of callose fluorescence around differentiating chalazal functional megaspore (fm). b–d No callose in the wall of functional chalazal megaspore (fm); arrows indicate the presence of callose at the micropylar pole of the micropylar-most megaspore. e Lack of callose in the walls of increased micropylar and chalazal megaspores; im increased megaspore. f Callose accumulation around chalazal megaspore. Scale bars = 10 μm |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4585035_F6_427423.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Scanning electron micrographs of S. aureus(A–C), B. subtilis(D–F), and (G–J) cells: control (A,D,G), treated with D-limonene organogel-nanoemulsion (B,E,H), treated with D-limonene organogel-nanoemulsion with nisin (C,F,I), and E.coli treated with organogel-nanoemulsion with nisin (J), at MIC value for 3 h (magnification × 30,000 or 50,000). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3653723_F1_204242.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Planning computed tomography images. Outer and inner lines indicate the planning target volume and gross tumor volume, respectively. Case 1, hepatocellular carcinoma (23 mm) located in segment 1 (S1) near the duodenum; case 2, hepatocellular carcinoma (25 mm) located just below the diaphragm in S4; case 3, hepatocellular carcinoma (22 mm) located in S5 near the inferior vena cava and the duodenum; and case 4, hepatocellular carcinoma (40 mm) located in S6/7. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4397060_pbio.1002116.g009_378121.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Acidification is required for secretion of effector SseJ.
(A) RAW264.7 macrophages were infected with I-switch-electroporated Salmonella WT harboring psseJ-HA for expression of SseJ-HA. Cells were immunostained for Salmonella LPS (green) and HA epitope (red), followed by Alexa488- or cy5-labeled secondary antibodies, respectively, for various time points as indicated. (B) 25 nM BAF or an equal volume of DMSO (A) was used as a control. Samples were imaged by confocal microscopy and analyzed using ImageJ software. Scale bar, 3 μm. SseJ secretion was observed (red puncta) after SseB release from the surface after 3.5 h. |
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