image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC3418235_pone-0042994-g008_149562.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | GCAP1 localizes to the synaptic terminal and partially overlaps with Ribeye.Immunolabeling of vertical retinal sections from WT and GCAPs−/−GCAP2+ mice with rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-GCAP1 and a monoclonal antibody against Ribeye/CtBP2. GCAP1 is found at the outer segment (os) inner segment (is) and outer plexiform layer (opl) of the retina, where it colocalizes with Ribeye at synaptic ribbons (white arrows). GCAP1 antibody immunolabeling signal was absent in GCAPs−/−GCAP2+ sections when identical laser power and acquisition gain parameters were used at the confocal microscope, excluding that the signal originates from cross-reactivity of anti-GCAP1 antibody with GCAP2 at this working dilution. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2921513_F0011_71293.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Cutting balloon is being used in the right pulmonary artery. Pre- (a) during (b) and post-balloon (c) angiograms are demonstrated |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4117752_F8_310491.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | MPV17L2 gene silencing causes condensation of mtSSU proteins in foci that frequently coincide or overlap with enlarged mitochondrial nucleoids. HeLa cells treated with a random dsRNA (NT) or a specific siRNA for MPV17L2 (siR2) were analysed by confocal microscopy with antibodies to MRPS18B, MRPS27 and MRPS45 (red), the DNA was detected by anti-DNA (green) antibody. Co-localization of the ribosomal-specific red signal and DNA-specific green signal appears yellow in the merged images. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3563580_pone-0055966-g002_183623.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | NLS1 is required for nuclear localization.GFP-GST fused constructs listed in Fig. 1 were visualized in COS7 cells. GFP fluorescence from the fused BRMS1 or BRMS1 mutant proteins indicates localization. As predicted, mutants lacking NLS1 were predominantly localized to the cytoplasm. Phalloidin and DAPI were used to visualize the cytoplasm and nucleus respectively. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3362604_pone-0037802-g005_139779.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | ILK co-localizes with β-MHC in sarcomeres of fetal cardiac cells.Immunocytochemistry of primary cultures of fetal myocardium-derived cells indicates that ILK expression is present in cells representing all stages of cardioblastic-cardiomyogenic differentiation. Confocal microscopy showing human fetal heart derived cells (22 weeks gestation) cultured for 2 days and immunostained with anti-β-MHC (MF-20) (red) and anti-ILK (green) antibodies. Nuclei were detected with DAPI staining (blue). Scale bar, 10 µm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3114863_pone-0021074-g009_98983.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Stimulus-locked source reconstruction maps (FWE-corrected p<0.01) versus mOFC activations in 3 published fMRI studies.The source reconstruction of the EEG data from 400–550 ms (red) and 700–800 ms (yellow) shows vmPFC sources consistent with previous results from fMRI (green, cyan, and blue). Notably, the closest match with the EEG data comes from Litt et al. (2010), who used a similar evaluation task with appetitive and aversive stimuli. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4117457_pntd-0003001-g004_310283.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Axial CT scans of the bone window showing erosion of the left nasal wing (A), large erosion of the nasal septum (B), complete obliteration of the left maxillary sinuses with thickening of their bony walls (osteitis-C), complete obliteration of the ethmoid cells (D) and diffuse thickening of the nasal wings with collapse of the nasal pyramid (E).Axial CT scan shows the integrity of the nasal septum in a patient from the control group (F). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3842955_pone-0081290-g002_246633.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Clinical features of the family.Slit-lamp photographs of affected individuals show the phenotype of congenital cataract is membranous cataract. The lens opacities became denser and upward dislocation gradually with increasing age. In addition, the lens cortex was dissolved gradually as age increased. Over 50 years old, the lens cortex could be dissolved completely. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4182873_Fig2_324580.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see |
Representative ventral images of fluorescence emission of gastric contents. Mice received a bolus of 10 μL/g body weight of liquid EN (Hine® E-gel) containing 1.25 pmol of GastroSense™750 fluorescence imaging agent without (A) or with (B) pectin. Representative ventral images of anesthetized mice are shown at baseline and at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min later to monitor gastric EN. All images were acquired using the same pseudocolor scale of radiance to show relative changes in bioluminescence emission over time. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3320873_pone-0035069-g003_133069.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Histological improvement by apilimod treatment.Histology and immunohistochemistry of one patient (1046) showing improved histology and clinical measures (58%reduction in PASI score) at week 12 in the 70mg QD apilimod treated group. Skin biopsies from non-lesions (left) and lesions (middle) at baseline and lesion at week 12 (right) were stained with H&E, K16, anti-CD3 Ab, anti-CD11c Ab, or anti- IL-12p40 Ab. Cells staining positive for CD3, CD11c and IL-12p40 are indicated (arrows). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3270441_fig1_124217.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | HAX1 colocalizes with uPAR upon stimulation of cells with uPA and uPA-ATF. (A) HEK293/uPAR and (B) MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with pGEM-3Zf(+)∖HAX1, kept as negative control (a) or serum-starved overnight (b) and then treated with 100 ng/mL of either EGF (c), uPA, (d) or uPA-ATF (e) for 20 min. Cells were fixed and then immunostained with antibodies against uPAR (red) and HAX1 (green), and colocalization appeared as yellow colour. These cells were analysed using confocal laser scanning microscope and 60x oil immersion lens (final magnification 600x). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3896406_pone-0085625-g002_259665.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Electron microscopy micrographs.Scanning (A,B,E) and transmission (C,D) electron microscopy micrographs of B. pumilus cells under control conditions (A,C), 30 min (B,D) and 120 min after treatment with 2 mM H2O2 (E). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4585103_F2_427443.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Photograph taken 3.5 h after implantation of the gelatin embedded electrode, showing that the gelatin has dissolved and the brain surface contracted around the electrode array. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0851.jpg | Is the overlying mucosa covered partly by respiratory and partly by squamous metaplastic epithelium? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3926856_F3_267659.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Positive α7 nAChR epithelial cells surrounding in A) the lumen of an alveolus and in B) the lumen of a bronchiole – SIDS case, 2 month-old. α7 nAChR immunostain; magnification: 40×. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2169242_F4_15671.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Comparison of MAA binding using MAA from different suppliers. Serial sections of adult lung tissue for comparison of lectin binding of Maackia amurensis (MAA) for SAα2,3Gal. Biotin conjugated MAA1(also known as MAL) from Vector Laboratories (A) and (E), Biotin conjugated MAA2 (also known as MAH) from Vector Laboratories (B) and (F), Digoxigenin conjugated MAA from Roche (C) and (G) and HRP conjugated MAA from EY Laboratories (D) and (H). Orange arrows indicate alveolar macrophages, Green arrows indicate alveolar pneumocytes and blue arrows indicate bronchiolar epithelium. Haematoxylin counterstain 200 × magnification. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1504.jpg | What is present ? | female reproductive |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3707056_fig1_216954.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | The presence of TRiC inhibits the progression of mhttQ51 aggregation.2-D cryoEM images of (A) mhttQ51 at 45 min, (B) 4 hr, and (C) 24 hr post-initiation of aggregation (PIA), and of mhttQ51 incubated with TRiC and imaged at (D) 45 min (E) 4 hr and (F) 24 hr PIA. (G, H) Higher magnification images of mhttQ51 + TRiC at 4 hr PIA. Some TRiCs are seemingly attached to mhtt fibrils (red boxes), while others are seemingly freestanding (blue boxes).DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00710.003 |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pz1ear08321pgl9r9q.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 2 |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3873998_pone-0084476-g005_254458.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | GRK6 overexpression mediates βarr2 recruitment to Lgr5 intracellular vesicles.GFP-tagged βarr2 and HA epitope-tagged Lgr5 was transiently overexpressed in HEK cells (A) without GRK overexpression, or with overexpression of (B) GRK2, (C) GRK4, (D) GRK5, or (E) GRK6. Cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with a primary and secondary (568nm) antibody pair to HA. Representative images are presented of native GFP fluorescence (Left Panels, Green), HA-568 (Middle Panels, Red), and merged (Right Panels, yellow denotes colocalization). Arrows point to representative βarr2/Lgr5 colocalization. Inset depicts a 2x magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3700998_f3-ol-05-06-1783_215535.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | One-week post-operative enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrating no tumor recurrence. (A) The tumor shadow has disappeared on the sagittal view. The pituitary and stalk are well preserved. (B) The tumor shadow has disappeared on the coronal view. The pituitary is well preserved. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvh90pw074yftqi4j83.jpg | Where in the image is the anatomical landmark? | Center, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-center, Lower-left, Lower-rigth |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3158798_pone-0023739-g001_105735.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | PAG gray matter volume in relation to the duration of asthma in the patient group.A) Statistical parametric map demonstrating a significant increase of gray matter volume in the brainstem PAG with increasing duration of asthma (shown at p<0.005, uncorrected). Gray matter changes are superimposed onto the asthma groups' mean structural T1 weighted MRI image. B) Mean PAG gray matter volumes of each patient in relation to the individual duration of asthma. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_baby/train_2623.jpg | What does this image show? | view of face with rash |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4241236_Fig2_338578.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Immunohistological analysis of SR-BI localization in vivo in mouse liver. a–c mouse liver sections were stained for SR-BI (red) and either β-catenin (green
a), or CD31 (green
b), or MRP2 (green
c) and imaged using a confocal microscope. SR-BI was found beneath endothelial cells (arrowheads in b) and to co-localize with β-catenin (arrowheads in a) and to some extent with MRP2 (arrowheads in c). Bar = 50 µm; for middle panel
bar = 10 µm, for lower panel
bar = 3 µm (a, b) and 1.5 µm (c). Blue = DAPI |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4178152_pone-0108320-g002_323505.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Chronic cystic changes of brain lesions on MRI.At the time of an acute brain attack, brain MRI showed multiple T2-hyperintense lesions with subtle T1 hypointensity in the frontal white matter (Aa), corticospinal tract (Ba, Ca), occipital white matter (Da) and corpus callosum (Ea). On follow-up MRI, all T2 hyperintense lesions were markedly decreased in size but revealed focal T1-hypointensity with cystic changes (Ab, Bb, Cb, Db, Eb). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4415757_fig1_382285.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | MRI images of the patient. Axial (a) and coronal (b) T2-weighted images show a hyperintense extra-axial right parietal convexity space occupying lesion, compatible with a meningioma. The skull adjacent to the lesion is thicker than contralateral bone. The separation plan is hypointense. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07891.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | No residual shunt was found after two spring embolism placed |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3241701_pone-0028963-g002_119634.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Cell reorientation upon cyclic stretch.Stretch cycles as indicated (top left) of various amplitudes (a0 (0%), a1 (4.9%), a2 (8.4%), a3 (11.8%), a4 (14.0%), a5 (32%), b5 (31.7%)) were applied to adhered cells for 16 hours. Subsequently, cells were fixed and stained for actin. The arrow indicates the direction of stretch. Note the induced cytoskeletal reorientation upon cyclic stretch. Frequencies used for each amplitude are given in table 1. Scale bars, 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4171495_pone-0107535-g006_321809.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | BPAG1a/b short filament pattern disappears upon microtubule depolymerization, but not the dotted pattern in C2.7 myoblasts.Cells were treated for 10 min with A) 0.32 µM or B) 10 µM nocodazole, then immediately fixed in PFA and immunolabeled with anti-β-tubulin and anti-BPAG1a/b antibodies. Blue: nuclei stained with DAPI. Scale bar: 20 µm. C) Negative control cells were treated with a corresponding volume of DMSO for 30 min, and processed for microscopy the same way. DMSO had no effect on the cells and BPAG1a/b pattern looked the same as in non-treated cells (Fig. 4B). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4633477_Fig2_441127.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | The bone-bridge surgical technique. Removal of cortical window (a). Exposed intermedullary canal (b). Head and diaphysis stem placement using spacer to ensure alignment (c). Spacer removed and stems cemented in-situ (d). Removal of bone-bridge (e). Implantation of load transducer and re-alignment of native anatomical position (f). Radiograph of implanted load transducer device in a cadaveric radius (g) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4081363_f3-ol-08-02-0513_303304.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | In the right upper lobe (S1), (A and B) the pulmonary metastasis was revealed to be thymic carcinoma with squamous histology [hematoxylin and eosin stain; (A) magnification, ×40, (B) magnification, ×400] and (C) appeared positive for cluster of differentiation 5 (magnification, ×200) and (D) appeared positive for c-kit (magnification, ×400) in the ninth year by immunohistochemical staining. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2775.jpg | Does good example either chest show pleomorphic small lymphocytes? | no |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4557109_F4_419862.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Kidney weight (wt)/body weight ratio (A), glomerulosclerosis (B), glomerular tuff area (C) in diabetic apoE−/− mice treated with quercetin (DQ) compared with diabetic apoE−/− mice administered vehicle (DV) compared with non-diabetic apoE−/− (ND) mice. Photomicrographs (D) are representative glomerular sections (magnification of 400x), stained with Masson's trichrome. Values are the means ± SEM for n = 6–8 mice per group. *p < 0.05 vs. ND, #p < 0.05 vs. DV. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4411043_pone.0124534.g001_381135.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Meningioma location.Exemplary images of meningioma location to demonstrate assessment of location of the tumor as easily accessible in this study. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3596703_jbr-25-02-120-g005_191504.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Typical expression of fgl2 in the renal tissue of rats (IHC,×200).Fgl2 was expressed in the microvascular endothelial cells of the glomerulus (A) and renal interstitium (B) in the diabetic rats at the 28th week. No expression of fgl2 was observed in the glomerulus (C) and renal interstitium (D) of normal rats. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2375213_fig4_22297.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Tumour angiogenesis observation in transparent skin chamber after implantation of 2×105 Panc-1 wild-type (upper panels), Panc-1/BAI1 (middle panels), or Panc-1/LacZ (lower panels) cells at day 0 (A,E,I), day 3 (B,F,J), day 7 (C,G,K) and day 14 (D,H,L). BAI1 transfected tumour cells failed to promote angiogenesis after 2 weeks, whereas the wild-type and LacZ transfected cells established a stable vascular network based on the normal vasculature of the skin, in a similar time frame. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzddp2c086uexa16ca8.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3317382_f2-ijms-13-02744_132378.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Phenotypic characterization of dwf1 and wild type under the same growth conditions. (A) Propagation of dwf1 (front row) and wild type (back row); (B) Leaves of dwf1 and the wild type; (C) Tissue culture seedlings of dwf1 and wild type. The dwf1 mutant displayed lower root biomass, fewer lateral roots, crinkly and leathery leaves, dark green leaf blades and deep red petioles, in comparison to the wild type and the other transgenic lines. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2678826_F0001_38081.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Diagrams showing the use of the (a) extended-tip spatula and (b) Cervex brush to take cervical smears (Images reproduced with permission from Rovers Medical Devices) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2803815_F2_54138.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Digital subtraction angiography demonstrating complete aneurysm thrombosis and obstruction of both common iliac arteries. Level 0: 1 cm above the renal arteries; level 1: 3 cm distal to the renal arteries; level 2: at the origin of the inferior mesentery artery; level 3: 2 cm distal to level 2. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_intestine/train_0608.jpg | What are superficial with intervening inflammatory pseudopolyps? | ulcers |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3727124_fig5_221311.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Localization of D1R in renal tubules of (a) control rats treated with vehicle, (b) control rats treated with zaprinast, (c) control rats treated with zaprinast plus Sch-23390, (d) PAN-NS rats treated with vehicle, (e) PAN-NS rats treated with zaprinast, and (f) PAN-NS rats treated with zaprinast plus Sch-23390, after volume expansion protocol. Double-immunofluorescence staining visualized by confocal microscopy was performed with polyclonal anti-D1R (red) antibody and monoclonal anti-gp330-megalin (green), colocalization (orange), and Hoechst 33258 stained for nuclei (blue). The images shown are representative of at least six images from 3 to 4 animals. Magnification 200x. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4149355_pone-0099655-g005_316623.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Disruption of cell polarity induced by TGF-β1 treatment prevented folding.
(A) F-actin (green) and gp135 (red) fluorescence. Cells were treated with TGF-β1 (1.5 ng/ml) for 2 days before fixation. Bar = 25 µm. (B) Time-lapse images of polarity-disrupted epithelial colonies after the gel overlay. Numbers in the images represent the observation time (h). Bar = 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4045221_fig1_294353.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Images of visceral fat cells and liver cells. (A) Images of visceral fat cells after hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The body weights of all rats were monitored every week and visceral fat weight was measured when the mice were anesthetized with Nembutal (100 mg/kg). The images are shown at 400× magnification. (B) Histological images of the livers of rats fed chow and HFD, as visualized by HE staining. All the images are shown at 400× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3608121_fig2_194453.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Color fundus photographs (a) and OCT (b) of the right and left eyes on full dose dabrafenib and lower dose trametinib showing recurrence of the multifocal neurosensory detachments. After stopping trametinib, OCT findings improved at 1 week (c), 3 months (d), and 6 months (e). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3557268_pone-0055173-g003_181857.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Comparison between in vivo and in situ analyses of subretinal beads.Noninvasive OCT virtual cross sections through MicroBeads allowed detection of single cells and demonstrate overall structural integrity of the sphere (A–B). Histology confirmed the subretinal location of the bead (C). Fluorescence microscopic analyses of the sphere allowed discerning eGFP signals of individual embedded cells (D). Blue: DAPI staining of retinal cell nuclei. Bars: C, 50 µm; D, 25 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_37017.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Three-vessel view showing a dilated superior vena cava. SVC = Superior vena cava; Ao = Aorta; PA = Pulmonary artery |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3937395_pone-0090005-g005_270277.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | H&E staining of livers and kidney indicates absence of systemic toxicity.Hematoxylin and eosin staining (40-fold magnification) of kidney and liver retrieved from SNALP empty (A, B), SNALP miR-NC (C, D) and SNALP miR-34a (E, F) treated mice, respectively. No significant damage was detected in the different groups of treatment. Representative image are shown. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3907062_F5_262735.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Dynamic translocation of STIM1 into neuronal filopodia in response to store-depletion. Representative time-lapse fluorescent images of growth cone expressing YFP-XSTIM1 before (1 mM Ca2+) and after store Ca2+ depletion (0 mM Ca2+/CPA). mCherry was co-expressed to mark filopodia and growth cone. Images were pseudocolored to enhance the observation of intensity changes. The arrows indicate newly translocated XSTIM1 proteins into neuronal filopodia. Scale bars: 10 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_1572.jpg | Where is this area in the body? | heart |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3414839_F2_149033.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Computed tomography scan showing a subglottic tumor completely obstructing the laryngeal lumen. Arrow shows the subglottic tumor while the glottis area is free of disease (Figure 1). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3260170_pone-0029728-g006_122249.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Immunoperoxidase staining of human tissues with anti-human CD44 fully human IgG mAb (GV5).Sections from PFA-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tissues were treated with microwaves in citrate buffer for the retrieval of antigens, and incubated with biotinylated GV5. After being rinsed in PBS, tissue sections were incubated with ABC reagent and substrate solution containing DAB and H2O2. Nuclei were stained with hematoxylin. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic25660.jpg | in what plane is this image taken? | ap |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2740017_fig-003_45203.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | (A) Computed tomography of abdomen and thorax. showing left sided renal cell carcinoma, (B) Computed tomography of abdomen and thorax Left sub-pleural lesion suspicious of metastasis. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_17273.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Pelvic CT demonstrating enlarged lymph nodes in the pelvis, more pronounced in the left iliac region. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2797747_F0003_53444.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Lateral views of a digital subtraction angiogram study following a left internal carotid artery (ICA) injection show the cavernous ICA aneurysm with a carotico-cavernous fistula, leading to early filling of anterior (thin arrows) and posterior (thick arrows) veins |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4150677_f0005_317028.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | A: T1 MRI demonstrating PVH in the left trigone.B: T2 Coronal MRI status-post implantation of intracranial electrodes.C: Dose plan for Case 1.D: Axial T2 MRI showing left trigone PVH. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3637375_F1_201344.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Magnetic resonance imaging findings showed the desmoid tumor (arrows) with lower signal intensity on T1-weighted image (a) and high signal intensity on T2-weighted image (b and c). Note that the desmoid tumor was next to contrast-filled transverse colon. (a and b) Axial plane. (c) Coronal plane. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3762212_fig5s2_229021.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Endocytosis is coupled to exocytosis.Representative micrographs showing acetylcholine neuromuscular junctions from unc-13(s69) mutants that were unstimulated (A–C) and stimulated by light activation of ChIEF (D–F). Large vesicles do not appear after stimulation in unc-13 mutants, suggesting that endocytosis is triggered by addition of vesicle membrane to the synaptic membrane and not simply depolarization of calcium entry. Docked vesicles are marked with black arrows, and tethered vesicles are indicated by white arrows.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00723.015 |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3629145_f3-ol-05-04-1195_199365.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | (A) Tumor thrombus. Magnification, ×24. (B and C) cHCC-CC invading the bile duct wall. Tumor cells displaying features of hepatocytes. (D) Tumor cells are immunoreactive for hepatocyte, while bile duct cells are negative for hepatocyte. Magnification, ×24 and ×120, respectively. (E) Inflammatory cells positive for pCEA, with no bile canaliculus observed between tumor cells. Magnification, ×60. (F and G) Tumor cells and bile duct cells positive for MOC31 and CK19, respectively. Magnification, ×60 and ×120, respesctively. (H) Tumor cells and bile duct cells negative for HM47/A9, B cells positive for HM47/A9 Magnification, ×120. cHCC-CC, combined HCC and cholangiocarcinoma. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3918106_F1_265587.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Illustration for whole procedure of stone extraction. A: The intrasinusal pelvis was incised according to the shape and location of the stone. P represents pelvis. B: The stone was made free from mucosal adhesions with forceps. S represents stone in the pelvis. C: A flexible ureteroscope was inserted from the trocar under the twelfth rib and through the pelvis incision to search for the residual stones. U represents ureterscope. D: A large stone was removed by stone basket. E-F: Intraoperative and postoperative abdominal x-ray was used to confirm stone clearance. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3527386_pone-0052140-g001_174311.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | In-vivo low resolution and ex-vivo high resolution templates.(A) In-vivo T1-weighted images from three individual canines, obtained with 1 mm isotropic resolution. (B) Individual in-vivo brains following manual brain extraction. (C) Templates in the in-vivo space. Top is the diffeomorphic average, low-resolution brain including the soft-tissues of the head. Middle is the average, low-resolution, skull-stripped brain. Bottom is the high-resolution, ex-vivo diffeomorphic average following warping to the in-vivo space. (D) The high-resolution, diffeomorphic average of the ex-vivo brains, in the ex-vivo space. (E) Examples of high-resolution, ex-vivo brains scanned at 7 Tesla with 0.33 mm isotropic resolution. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4031011_jfb-03-00114-f003_290979.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | SEM micrographs of air-dried 80% DDA microspheres and scaffolds. A: 3.0% CS, No HA; B: 3.0% CS, 1× HA; C: 2.5% CS, 2× HA; D: 3.0% CS, 1× HA, MES acid wash. 1: Microsphere at low magnification—50×; 2: Microsphere at high magnification—250× (A,B,D) and 100× (C); 3: Scaffolds at 30× magnification. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4312094_pone.0116763.g004_354114.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Histological aspect of trabecular bone at the metaphysis of A) and C) chicken of the FREE group and B and D) chicken of the HYPO group.Note the increase in osteoid volume and osteoid surfaces in the HYPO group. Goldner’s trichrome on undecalcified bone sections. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic18201.jpg | what organ system is shown in the image? | musculoskeletal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3903589_pone-0086903-g006_261753.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | RAGE expression enhances cell spreading.Cell spreading assay. (A) Spreading of R3/1-pLXSN or R3/1-FL-RAGE cells onto culture dishes coated with 10 µg/ml of ECM proteins (Coll I, FN, or Lam) or PBS was assessed at 90 minutes after seeding. Photographs were taken in phase contrast at 40× magnification. Bar corresponds to 20 µm. (B) Quantification of cell spreading based on cell surface area. Results are displayed as means±SEM (ns, not significant; *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3879305_pone-0084188-g004_256213.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | In situ hybridization assay detects the presence of mir-208a in the cardiac myocytes.Representative microscopic images showing the presence of mir-208a (green color) in the cytoplasm of cardiac myocytes from left ventricular myocardium in AV shunt rats. The sham group or scrambled probe did not detect the presence of mir-208a. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_3010.jpg | What does this image show? | lung tissue and cartilage |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3654851_f5_204581.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Ocular characteristics and systemic anomalies of patient II:3. Slit lamp photographs showed hypoplasia and iris posterior embryotoxon (black arrows) in both eyes, but Haab’s striae were observed only in the left eye. A, B: Gonioscopy showed open angles in both eyes with anterior insertion of the iris into the trabecular meshwork, prominent iris processes, and broad-based synechiae at places in both eyes (C, D). Physical examination revealed hypertelorism, telecanthus, a flat face, and a flat broad nasal bridge (E, F). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4616469_F1_435613.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | ROIs and VOIs for image analysis. LSF was measured on anterior and posterior 99mTc-MAA planar scans. ROIs are drawn on the lungs (red) and liver (yellow) (A). With reference to contrast-enhanced CT images (B), VOIs for 3 partitions of tumor (red), in-target normal liver (yellow), and out-target normal liver (blue) were drawn on 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT (C) and 90Y-microsphere PET/CT (D). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4122467_pone-0103296-g004_311684.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Conventional clinical imaging of the brain of a healthy volunteer using T1-FSE (A), T2-FSE (B), PD-FDE (C), GRE (D), T2-FLAIR (E), MP-RAGE (F), and IR-dUTE imaging with a TE of 8 µs (G) and 2.2 ms (H) as well as the corresponding echo subtraction image (I).The ultrashort T2* components in the white matter of the centrum semiovale appear hypointense in the 1st echo image (G) but near zero signal in the 2nd echo image (H), and are highlighted in the subtraction image (I). The rubber phantom is only seen with UTE based techniques. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2572601_F2_29368.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Echocardiographic assessment of MR severity by PISA. Measurement of PISA radius, ERO and regurgitant volume for assessment of MR severity using color Doppler imaging and CW Doppler. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3196981_fig6_112262.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Dissection and identification of the fistulous track, respectively. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2681458_F5_38432.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Immunohistochemical staining of the distribution of HO-1 in rat lung. Simvastatin treatment led to marked HO-1 immunoreactivity around pulmonary vascular sites. (A) normal control, (B) MCT-PH rats, (C) CH-PH rats, (D) normal rats treated with simvastatin, (E) simvastatin treated, MCT-PH rats, (F) simvastatin treated, CH-PH rats. Magnification: 400×. Bars represent 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4588337_fig1_428434.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | A direct abdominal radiography showed multiple opaque substances accumulated as strips in the mid-line. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3735582_pone-0072039-g012_223336.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | 3D OPT imaging of DCX and nestin stained mouse brain.3D optical imaging with OPT was used to image a single hemisphere stained with DCX (red) and nestin (blue) simultaneously. Optical slices through the tissue are shown to represent the 3D nature of the sample (A). The slice orientation is shown on a cartoon. A 3D representation shows the distribution of DCX- and nestin-stained cells along the surface of the lateral ventricle (B). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4524657_pone.0134789.g005_411778.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Depletion of CSPP-L and Desmoplakin cause multi-lumen spheroid formation in Caco-2 spheroids.(A) Localization of CSPP-L (a-CSPP-L, green), filamentous actin (Phalloidin, white), E-cadherin (a-E-cadherin, red), and DNA (blue) during different stages of spheroid development of Caco-2 cells. Cells were grown in 3D-Matrigel culture and formalin fixed for IF. Images show projections of z-sections enclosing the entire lumen volume. CSPP-L shows prominent enrichment juxtapose to the apical filamentous actin throughout all stages of spheroid development (B) The apical CSPP-L staining pattern (a-CSPP-L, green) is CSPP1 siRNA sensitive and not altered by Desmoplakin depletion (a-α-tubulin, red; phalloidin, white). CSPP1 and Desmoplakin siRNA Caco-2 transfectants develop disorganized cell aggregates with multiple lumen. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4561951_fig1_421549.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | (a) CT representation of the right papillary type 2 renal cell carcinoma. (b) CT representation of multiple cystic structures within the left kidney. (c) PET scan demonstrating FDG-avid left adrenal lesion. (d) PET scan demonstrating FDG-avid uterine focus, likely a leiomyoma. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4565707_pone.0137701.g005_422584.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Trichomes on the adaxial epidermis of Populus euphratica heteromorphic leaves from Pe1 to Pe12.Scale bars: Pe1–Pe7 = 50 μm, Pe8–Pe12 = 100 μm. H, leaf hairs. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4539934_Fig3_415439.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. |
a) Laparoscopic view of a reduced epigastric hernia (FL: falciform ligament); b) Progressive dissection of the FL; c) FL mobilisation completed (size arrow 4cm); d) FL covering cephalad part of mesh |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4315077_f1-ol-09-03-1321_354922.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Case one. (A) Transverse and (B) sagittal plane magnetic resonance imaging showing an irregularly shaped mass, 7.5×9.1×9.3 cm in size. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvm90xw074ydc33evay.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Oesophagitis |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2253502_F3_18024.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Electronmicrographs showing oval to spindle shaped cells with prominent nucleoli (a, ×2250 original magnification) packed with compound melanosomes and premelanosomes (b, ×6250); higher magnification of premelanosomes demonstrating internal structure (c, ×8250) and electron dense neurosecretory granules (d, ×6250). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_27505.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Tomographic reconstruction showing cuboid-navicular coalition. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4596145_Fig2_430646.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. |
a SD-OCT image through fovea reveals disruption of Bruch’s membrane and overlying photoreceptor layer. b SD-OCT image demonstrating consolidation of choroidal neovascularization post-treatment with ranibizumab |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3072419_pone-0018645-g005_92030.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Nipples from nm23-M1−/− mammary glands are obstructed.Sections from WT (a, c) and nm23-M1−/− (b, d) nipples were sectioned and stained by hematoxylin and eosin (a, b) or trichrom Masson (c, d). The general architecture of dermis and epidermis of the mutant nipple doesn't seem overly changed. However, close examination revealed that the final opening of the lactiferous canal is obstructed by epithelial cells in the mutant glands (arrow). M: milk. Original magnification X200 (a, b) X400 (c,d). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3904075_F2_261802.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | VSD-activity and local active information storage (LAIS) maps. VSD activity averaged over stimulation epochs and time after stimulus onset after the initial transient (0.2–1 s) (left column). LAIS map immediately after stimulus onset—negative values (blue) indicate surprise of the system (middle column). Time-average LAIS maps from the stimulus period after the initial transient (0.2–1 s) (right column). Rows 1–7 present different stimulus motion directions: 0, 45, 90, 180, 225, 270, 315 (in degrees, indicated by arrows on the right, arrow colors match time-trace colors in Figure 3). 67 × 137 data pixel per image, pixel dimension 30 × 32 μm2. Left–right image direction is anterior–posterior direction. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3748323_Fig10_225762.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Expression of genes related with the serotonergic phenotype in the caudal raphe cluster in sagittal sections at E12.5. a–l Each pair of adjacent images represents paramedian and more lateral section levels reacted with a given probe and 5-HT immunoreaction (a–f) or only with an in situ probe (g–l). The relevant genes are indicated in blue color at the upper right corner of each photograph. Scale bar 250 μm |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2083.jpg | What is present? | hematologic |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4161980_acm20129-fig-0001_319771.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Axial, sagittal, and coronal views of the registered FLT PET and CT images for one subject. Color wash represents increasing FLT uptake from purple to red and blue approximately equal to SUV 2. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3206951_pone-0027311-g001_114041.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Localization of RpkA-GFP.RpkA-GFP expressing AX2 cells fixed with methanol were labeled with monoclonal mouse antibodies against subunit A of the vacuolar H+-ATPase, VatA (mAb 221-35-2), the putative copper transporter p80 (mAb H161), the common lysosomal antigen CLA (mAb 221-450-6) and the post-lysosomal marker vacuolin (mAb 263-79-2). As secondary antibody a goat-anti-mouse-IgG conjugated with Alexa 568 was used. Presence of RpkA-GFP in living AX2 cells on acidic compartments was identified by LysoTracker-Red. RpkA-GFP expressing cells were incubated for 15 min with TRITC-labeled S. cerevisiae and fixed with methanol. rpkA− cells expressing VatM-GFP and RpkA-RFP. Images were collected using the LSM confocal laser scanning microscope. Scale bar, 5 µm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic20572.jpg | what organ system is pictured here? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2847124_F0011_60777.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Sutures given after taking biopsy |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3748027_pone-0072160-g002_225665.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Scanning electron microscopy of the somatic embryo development in Coffea canephora.
A) Proembryogenic mass (Pm) from a leaf explant at 21 days after induction (dai). B) Globular stage; the white arrowhead indicates the protoderm establisment. C) Heart stage; the white arrows indicate the beginning of the cotyledonary primordia in the embryo. D) Torpedo stage; the white arrow indicates the enlargement of the embryo. E) Early cotyledonary stage, where the establishment of the future cotyledons can be observed. F) Late cotyledonary stage. At this stage the cotyledons are fully developed. Bars = 100 µm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1813.jpg | What is present ? | endocrine |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3211461_F1_114897.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Cross section SEM images for the 0.006 volume fraction samples. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3439712_F1_154362.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Abdominal CT scan with gastric tumor (a) and MRI showing bilateral ovarian masses (b). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3337287_F2_135533.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Uptake of thallium in the lesions on 201Tl scintigraphy. Definite uptake of thallium is identified in the lesions. However, the retention index (ratio of thallium uptake between late and early phases) is 0.88, suggesting a low possibility of malignancy. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4506141_pone.0132266.g005_407154.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Toxicity analysis after CED into the striatum of rat brains.CED of aCSF (negative control), carboplatin (0.72mg/ml; 5μl volume) (or carboplatin NP (1mg/ml; 5μl volume) was conducted and toxicity in rat striatum assessed. Dual IHC analysis of neurons (NeuN) and Glial cell (GFAP) demonstrated minimal toxicity localised to the needle track. No glial or neuronal cell loss was observed elsewhere. Scale bar: 100μm. |
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