image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/sfolder_2/PMC4295129_fig3_350556.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Supine radiograph demonstrating G-J tube in normal position. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3143996_F4_103487.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Echoplanar images for the BOLD signal analysis. The images are representative of the BOLD source data. An image for every 4th minute of data collection is shown. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3443454_F1_155225.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Representative confocal microscopy images showing a comparison of fluorescence in tobacco leaves following agroinfiltration with A. tumefaciensstrain GV3850 containing constructs expressing DsRed2, DsRed2-ER, tdTomato, tdTomato-ER, pporRFP, pporRFPmut-ER, mOrange, mOrange-ER and empty vector controls. Images were taken using scanning confocal microscopy at 48 hours after agroinfiltration. Scale bar represents 50 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_38305.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Post natal abdominal US scan. Shows the cystic lesion and a gallbladder that is seen to be convoluted and abnormal in position and morphology. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3876774_fig1_255114.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | mpMRI-ultrasound image fusion: suspicious lesion (arrows) on T2W (a), on DWI with low ADC (b), and washout curve on DCE (c). Correlation of an anatomical landmark (cyst) for registration of b-mode ultrasound and SPACE 3D T2W-MRI (d). Target point (+) in the center of the suspicious lesion on b-mode ultrasound and SPACE 3D T2W-MRI (e). Note the slight deformation of the lesion (circle) on the ultrasound due to compression by the endorectal probe. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4299398_Fig2_351248.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | The implantation process of J-Valve™ system (Part I). Panel A-B: the delivery sheath was sent into the supra-annular plan through transapical approach. Panel C-D: Three graspers (small black arrow) were then totally released and pushed back gently into the aortic sinuses, angiogram was performed to ensure the correct position of the graspers. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qh1evz08324f4h7mql.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 1 |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2146.jpg | What does this image show? | pancreatic fat necrosis |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2841375_F0002_59622.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Gonioscopic appearance of the angle shown in Figure 1 on indentaion, showing the a) disappearance of the synechia with Sussman lens and b) persistence of the synechia despite manipulative gonioscopy with Goldmann lens |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4496886_Fig1_404709.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Image quality – Illustration of the 5-points scale for grading image quality (lower panel) and corresponding patient distribution (upper panel) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2584774_f3_30343.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | rAAV-GFP transduction of rabbit corneas. Upper row, rAAV-GFP5; strong signal is seen in the epithelium (e), stromal cells (s), and endothelium (en). Epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells are positive for GFP after rAAV treatment. Lower row, untreated rabbit corneas as a negative control showing background fluorescence. DM indicates Descemet’s membrane. GFP was visualized using confocal microscopy and alkaline phosphatase fluorescent detection system. Bar=20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4529937_fig5_413316.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Scanning electron micrographs (SEM and FESEM) of calcium sulphate crystals precipitated in solid media. (a), (b), and (c) show polyhedral and pseudospheres shapes and EDX spectrum. (a) and (b) also show some spherulites of carbonate. (d) is detail of (c), where the surface of a biolith of sulphate mineral without mineralised cells can be observed. (e) and (f) show different morphologies of sulphate bioliths. (e) shows small spheres of calcium carbonate. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3695858_F1_214534.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Microscopy images of cultured rice protoplasts (from suspension cells) following the cell wall regeneration time course. CLSM was used to observe the protoplasts stained by a fluorescent dye, Fluorescent Brightener 28, with polysaccharide specific binding activities. The excitation wavelength at 492 nm and emission at 520 nm were used. The protoplast culture times are 0hrs (A), 4 hrs (B), and 48 hrs (C). The arrows point at the positions of cell wall syntheses. The magnification is revealed by the scale bar. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3742823_f2-ol-06-01-0125_224709.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Tissue Annexin A2 expression (immunohistochemistry; magnification, ×100). (A) Healthy control tissue; (B) liver cirrhosis; (C) non-cancer tissue showing diffuse and moderate cytoplasmic and membranous staining; (D) cancer tissue showing diffuse and marked cytoplasmic and membranous staining. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1551.jpg | Does abdomen show fixed tissue? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3536738_pone-0053582-g003_176882.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Validation of MISH results by RT-PCR.(A) Expression of miR375 was detected in a series of cell lines by MISH (1,000× magnification). The result showed that miR375 expression level was consistent with data derived from RT-PCR (B). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_33959.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Postoperative anteroposterior pelvis radiograph showing the internal fixation of the ischial tuberosity avulsion fracture. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4417934_fig8_382970.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Myosin10/11/14/9 and MRLC9/12 localization in homozygous aim embryos.(A) Distribution of nuclear and Myosin10/11/14/9 (green) or MRLC9/12 (orange) localization phenotypes (ant., anterior; post., posterior; unloc., unlocalized) in aimless embryos. Each dot represents a single scored cell. (B and C) MRLC9/12-Venus (green) localization in cells with posterior and anterior nuclei (red), respectively. (D and E) Myosin10/11/14/9-myc (green) localization in cells with posterior and anterior nuclei (red), respectively. Anterior is to the right in all panels.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05361.012 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2730571_pgen-1000646-g005_44122.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Expression of AGO1 and ZLL reporter proteins in heart stage Arabidopsis embryos.(A–D) Epifluorescence images of Col seedlings showing expression of YFP-ZLL and CFP-AGO1 from the respective endogenous promoter and with swapped promoters as indicated. Images (A–D) are at the same magnification. (E–G) Confocal images of heart stage embryo cells expressing pZLL:YFP-ZLL outside the nuclei, which are marked by blue DAPI staining. (H–J) Confocal images showing overlapping expression of pZLL:YFP-ZLL (yellow) and pAGO1:CFP-AGO1 (colored red for clarity). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic19753.jpg | which plane is this image in? | sagittal |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4356538_pone.0118744.g002_366696.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Immunohistochemical staining for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the liver biopsy sections.
(A) The intensity of α-SMA staining in activated stellate cells coincided with the degree of fibrosis in F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4 group of patients with HCV infection. (B) Quantification of α-SMA staining. The data are mean ± S.D. in each group. Original magnification, x100. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4607993_F0001_433997.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | A) sagittal MRI T1 sequence: presence of an epidural haematoma at T12-L1; B) sagittal MRI T2 sequence: epidural haematoma at T12-L1 with spinal cord compression; C) axial MRI T1 sequence: epidural haematoma at T12; D) axial MRI T2 sequence: epidural haematoma at T12, spinal cord compression |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3501476_pone-0049820-g001_166808.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Detection of HCV proteins by immunofluorescence in MDBK and BT cells.The cells infected with liver homogenates from domestic (DR), wild (WR) rabbits and a hare (H) were analyzed 14 days post infection. MDBK cells incubated with MAbs specific for NS3 (A to D), NS4A (E to H) and NS5 (I to L) proteins. BT cells incubated with MAbs specific for NS3 (M to P), NS4A (Q to T) and NS5 (U to X) proteins. Negative controls (NC) for each cell culture and each Mab was also performed (A, E, I, M, Q and U). No fluorescence was detected. Scale bars: (A to H), 20 µm; (I to X), 50 µm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2911760_F5_70051.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Representative photomicrographs of lung stained with H&E (left panels) and TUNEL (right panels). Animals were randomly assigned to hypovolemia (HYPO), normovolemia (NORMO) or hypervolemia (HYPER) with recruitment maneuver (RM-CPAP) or not (NR). Note that in the HYPER group, the number of apoptotic lung epithelial cells was higher than in NORMO and HYPO (arrows). Photographs were taken at an original magnification of × 200. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3738523_pone-0073331-g003_223880.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Treatment of a patient (#7) with bilateral buttock claudication and iliac stenoses.(a) Digital subtraction angiography showing the sheath retrogradely advanced to the common iliac artery. Stenoses of the external and internal iliac arteries are visible at their respective origins (arrows). (b) Results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the external iliac artery with a 7 mm balloon and the internal iliac artery with a 4 mm balloon catheter. CIA = Common Iliac Artery. EIA = External Iliac Artery. IIA = Internal Iliac Artery. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2483290_F1_25836.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Use of Laser Capture Microdissection to isolate the hippocampus dentate gyrus from an adult mouse. A) Intact coronal brain section at ~Bregma -1.35 stained with cresyl violet. B & C) dentate gyrus (DG) has been microdissected with laser. D) dentate gyrus has been isolated and captured for total RNA extraction and construction of SAGE libraries. Images were captured using a Sony DXC-390P 3-CCD color video camera attached to a Nikon Eclipse TE2000-S microscope (10× magnification). Scale bar = 100 μm. D: dorsal; V: ventral. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4349179_F2_363921.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | MRI of the brain on day 24 of PRES. Images show axial T2 (A) and sagittal FLAIR (B) with cortical edema and T1 with contrast enhancement (D,E) of the leptomeninges. Right column images show DWI (C) and ADC (F) with vasogenic edema, but without areas with restricted diffusion. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4508372_fig9_407735.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | The image shows the so-called “tug test.” An Amplatzer Cardiac Plug is pulled before the deployment. During this maneuver, the distal part of the device (“disk,” arrow) is put in tension, while the distal part (“lobe”) remains anchored in left atrial appendage. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4616342_F3_435534.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | (A) Bronchoscopic appearance of the approximately 1-mm fistula opening 6 cm distal to the cricoid cartilage (arrow). (B) Control bronchoscopic appearance after argon plasma coagulation. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4585251_F2_427566.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | The subcellular localization and transcriptional activation analysis of pepper CaNAC2. (A) The subcellular localization of pepper CaNAC2 in onion epidermal cells. The fused pBI221-GFP-CaNAC2 and pBI221-GFP constructs were introduced into onion epidermal cells by biolistic bombardment. The GFP signals were observed under confocal microscope; (B) Transcriptional activation analysis of CaNAC2 in yeast strain AH109. CaNAC2 represents the fusion protein of the GAL4 DNA-binding domain and CaNAC2; pGBKT7 was used as control. The culture solution of the transformed yeast was streaked on SD/-Leu/-Trp medium and SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp medium. The plates were incubated for 3 days. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3492924_F2_164749.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Cuatrecasanthus leaf surfaces: A–B
Cuatrecasanthus flexipappus. A Adaxial surface B Abaxial surface C–D Cuatrecasanthus giannasii
C Adaxial surface, showing deeply insculpate veins D Abaxial surface. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3215553_F0003_115453.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | X-Ray of pelvis showing bilateral iliac horns |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4157549_F6_318669.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Immunohistochemical staining for CD206 (MCR-1; mannose receptor) in human (A–C) and mouse (D,E) normal (B,D) and cirrhotic (C,E) livers. (A) Co-localization of CD206 (blue staining) and CD68 (red staining). Arrows indicate co-localization, asterisks indicate endothelial staining of CD206. (F) Immunohistochemical staining for CD31 in fibrotic mouse livers illustrating staining of sinusoidal endothelial cells. Magnifications: 100× (B–F) and 400× (A). N = 5 cirrhotic human livers, N = 6 normal human livers, N = 4 normal mouse livers, N = 6 fibrotic mouse livers. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3786835_f3-etm-06-02-0579_234465.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | (A) Panoramic radiograph showing a multicystic ameloblastoma in the left mandibular body and angle (arrows). (B) Recurrence of the lesion destroying the body, angle and ramus (arrows). (C) Simulation of tumor resection on a three-dimensional stereolithographic model and pre-bending of the reconstruction plate. (D). Radiograph after segmental mandibulectomy and reconstruction with a fibula free flap. (E) Three-dimensional reconstruction of preoperative planning and outcome after surgical treatment was performed using AYRA software. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/illus_drawing/train_0692.jpg | Are tan areas of haemorrhage identified in a section of the normal skin? | no |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_1567.jpg | Is Aorta present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4024196_fig6_289605.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Statistical parametric maps of regions in which R2* significantly decreased with age at the p < 0.05 FWE corrected level. The SPMs (of both the GM and WM analyses) are superimposed on the mean MT map for the cohort in MNI space. The color bar indicates the t score. Abbreviations: FWE, family-wise error; GM, gray matter; MT, magnetization transfer; WM, white matter. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3542885_fig1_178546.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Lateral neck X-ray showing foreign body. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2759918_F4_47748.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Electron micrographs of fibroblasts treated with Ag-np. TEM of Ag-np treated IMR-90 cells: Image shows presence of nanoparticles inside the phagosomes, near the cell membrane (A). Cell shows nanoparticles in the cytosol, nucleus and nucleoli. Arrow points to nanoparticles deposited. (B). Exocytic vesicles were observed at the cell periphery containing nanoparticles and cellular debris (C). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4044417_F1_294181.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Visual comparison of the standard segmented (iPAT2), accelerated real-time iterative SENSE reconstruction (SENSEi9.9), and accelerated real-time (TPAT3) CMR in a 73 year-old patient undergoing imaging for post-operative aortic valve replacement. 4-chamber (A), 3-chamber (B), and mid-short axis slices (C) are shown. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1826.jpg | Where is this part in the figure? | endocrine system |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4687293_Fig3_455347.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Modulation of dynamic actin polymerization by mAR activation of MCF-7 cells. a Original confocal images of rhodamine-phalloidin binding to F-actin (red) and DRAQ-5 for nuclei (blue) in MCF-7 cells without (control) and with a prior 15–120 min treatment with testosterone-albumin-conjugates (TAC, 100 nM). Arrows point to formation of actin stress fibers. b Arithmetic means ± SEM (n = 6) of actin fluorescence in MCF-7 cells without (white bar) and with (black bars) a 15 min to 120 min treatment with testosterone-albumin-conjugates (TAC, 100 nM). *(p < 0.05) and ***(p < 0.001) indicate statistically significant difference from absence of TAC |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2039726_F6_14235.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Expression of xCT mRNA in spleen of the mice injected with a lethal dose of LPS by nonisotopic in situ hybridization. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with saline (A, B) or 160 mg/kg (C, D), and the spleen was isolated after 8 h. Adjacent sections were hybridized with DIG-labeled antisense (A, C) or sense (B, D) probes for xCT. Magnifications: ×50. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvc90fk074ya7hv0ab1.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3116539_F0007_99157.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Coronal CT scan of the orbit at the mid orbit level showing normal optic nerves and extra ocular muscles. Note the left maxillary sinusitis (yellow arrow) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4446100_pone.0125468.g006_390237.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Histological analysis of the spleen, sternum, femur, and liver.(a) Spleen, original magnification × 400, scale bar = 100 μm. (b) Sternum, original magnification × 400, scale bar = 100 μm. (c) Femur, original magnification × 400, scale bar = 100 μm. (d) Liver, original magnification × 400, scale bar = 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4647018_fig2_444224.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Second PET/CT: axial CT, axial PET/CT, and coronal PET/CT images revealed an increase in the size and metabolic activity of the primary mass in the left lung and mediastinal lymph nodes (arrows) when we compared with first PET/CT images. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3680418_pone-0066107-g007_210874.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Unaffected early molar development and gene expression in Wnt1Cre;pMes
-
caBmprIa mice.(A, B) Immunostaining shows enhanced pSmad1/5/8 signals in the molar germ of E13.5 Wnt1Cre;pMes-caBmprIa embrys (B) as compared to the control (A). (C–F) Coronal sections show comparable molar structures of E14.5 (C D) and E16.5 (E, F) wild type (C, E) and transgenic embryos (D, F). (G–L) In situ hybridization shows comparable expression levels and patterns of Msx1 (G, H), Shh (I, J) and Fgf4 (K, L) in the molars of E14.5 controls (G, I, K) and transgenic embryos (H, J, L). de, dental epithelium; dm, dental mesenchyme. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvm90xw074ydc33evay.jpg | Where in the image is the anatomical landmark? | Center, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Upper-left, Lower-center, Lower-left, Lower-rigth |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4036299_F1_292312.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Abdominal computed tomography. (A) Axial computed tomography (CT) imaging shows a liver lesion (arrow) with low attenuation. (B) On early-phase axial contrast-enhanced CT imaging, the lesion exhibits heterogeneous enhancement. (C) On portal-phase axial contrast-enhanced CT imaging, the lesion shows rapid washout in segment 5. (D) The segment 6 lesion exhibits a similar pattern (arrowhead). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4684619_Fig2_454631.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Maize seeds imaging by conventional absorption X-ray tomography without and with contrast agents. 12 DAP (Days After Pollination) old maize ear imaged by conventional absorption X-ray tomography and treated without contrast agents (a and b) or with Gadolinium (c and d) or Iobitridol (e and f) contrast agents during 24h prior to imaging. a and c represent transversal section of ear, whereas B and D represent longitudinal sections. 3-D reconstruction of the maize ear (e), and its zoom (f) in which only the brightest pixels are displayed, showing high X-ray contrast in ear vasculature and base of kernel |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3734358_F1_223002.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Transmission electron micrograph of a large intermediate vascular bundle in the rice leaf blade surrounded by a parenchymatous bundle sheath (BS). The mestome sheath (MS) is only associated with the phloem pole of this vascular bundle. Metaxylem vessels (MX, red cell walls) are associated with two xylem vascular parenchyma cells (XVP, walls outlined in red and with a pale blue fill). Two late-formed, thick-walled metaphloem sieve tubes (unlabeled arrows and blue fill) abut XVPs. The early metaphloem (outlined in white) contains thin-walled sieve tubes (ST) associated with companion cells (CC) and several parenchyma cells (VP). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3899368_pone-0086935-g003_260807.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Electron micrographs of several Achromobacter phages with different morphotypes.Negative staining (4% (w/v) uranyl acetate, pH 5.0). Bars represent 100 nm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4497474_fig05_404766.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Optical images of adjustable structural color patterns under different imprinting conditions. (a) 110 °C, 10 bar, 150 s, (b) 90 °C, 30 bar, 150 s, (c) 110 °C 50 bar, 150 s, (d) 110 °C, 30 bar, 60 s. All of them have the same gap width of 80 μm as in Figure 4a. All scale bars are 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4647021_fig1_444228.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Magnetic resonance images of the elbow. (a) Sagittal T2-weighted image of a normal elbow. Preoperative sagittal T2-weighted images of the (b) right and (c) left side in the present case show a hypertrophied posterior fat pad interposed between the olecranon and olecranon fossa in both elbows. The posterior fat pad in the left elbow is located more inferiorly than that in the right elbow. Postoperative sagittal T2-weighted image of the (d) left elbow shows no posterior fat pad interposed between the olecranon and olecranon fossa. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_27383.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Left aortic arch (LAA) with aberrant right subclavian artery in 48-year-old woman with anomalous origin of right vertebral artery from right common carotid artery is shown. Axial image shows retroesophageal course of aberrant right subclavian artery (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3606761_fig3_194247.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Sagittal cross-section of a common carotid artery (CCA) in 3D US image. The contours on the image show the manual delineations done by the physician. The inner boundary is lumen-intima boundary (LIB), and the outer boundary is the media-adventitia boundary (MAB). The segmentations were performed on parallel images with interslice distance (ISD) 1 mm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3523293_F4_173608.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | GRPR content in human normal brain tissue and brain tumors. Representative sections of (A) normal brain and (B) astrocytoma grade IV from an immunohistochemical study of GRPR content from samples of patients with gliomas and normal brain samples. GRPR staining is shown in the right column (brown, ×400) and hematoxylin–eosin (HE) in the left column (×400). GRPR staining in the normal brain tissue is restricted to neuronal bodies and dendrites, whereas its presence in astrocytoma samples is widespread. Sections were incubated with anti-GRPR antibody, sequentially treated with biotinylated anti-rabbit IgG and streptavidin-biotin peroxidase solution, and then developed with diaminobenzidine as chromogen. Modified from Flores et al. (2010), with permission. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4456700_pma-48-01-229-f04_393689.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Photograph of the mound at Earl’s Court in 1886 (Hunterian family album, Royal College of Surgeons Archive). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4157610_F1_318697.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | (A) General locations of terrestrial sulfidic springs where microbial mats were sampled in this study. Map graphic modified from http://www.pageresource.com/clipart. Representative photographs from each sampling location: (B) looking into the cistern at Sharon Springs (photograph is ~1 m across); (C) close-up of microbial mats colonizing concrete basin at Richfield Springs (photograph is ~10 cm across); (D) concrete wall at Palmetto Spring; (E) Vendome well fountain at Sulphur Springs; (F) outflow channel from Hillside Spring at Sulphur Springs, (G) Pavilion Spring at Sulphur Springs; (H) close-up of filaments mixed with mud and vegetation at South Canyon Hot Spring (photograph is ~10 cm across). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_52293.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Postoperative MRI showing complete decompression of cyst |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4563085_fig7_421932.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Case 2. (a) Axial HRCT scan shows very discrete lineal opacities in both lung apices. (b) Axial HRCT scan at the same level compared to (a) two years and two months later shows a loss of volume and prominent parenchymal fibrotic infiltrates. (c) Axial HRCT image at the level of carina reveals lung architectural distortion, as well as the presence of pleural thickening and subpleural parenchymal opacities. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3851532_F2_248805.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Immunohistochemical staining pattern in BC samples for ER-β, ER-α and Ki67. A-E examples of ER-β expression: liver as negative control (A), whole section positive control slide (B), Allred score 3 (C), Allred score 5 (D) and Allred score 8 (E). F-H examples of ER-α expression: Allred score 0 (F), Allred score 6 (G) and Allred score 8 (H). I-L examples of Ki67 expression; Allred score 0 (I), Allred score 2 (J), Allred score 5 (K) and Allred score 8 (L). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3991496_f3-etm-07-05-1089_282232.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Tumor size evaluation with PET scans in the ligated lobes at (A and B) prior to PVL, (C and D) day 7 following PVL and (E and F) day 14 following PVL. Ligated lobes in the HT group were referred to as lobes 1–3. PET, positron emission tomography; PVL, portal vein ligation; HT, hepatic tumor. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27893.jpg | what plane is seen? | ap |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3350947_fig3_137740.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Geographic location and topography of the analyzed Galician air quality stations. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3081835_pone-0018907-g005_93336.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | IL-17A and IL-17RA are found on vitiligo skin biopsies.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining of IL-17A and IL-17
receptor A on vitiligo skin biopsies. (A)&(B) In
immunohistochemistry, IL-17A and IL-17RA showed strong staining on the
upper dermis of leading edge vitiligo skin when compared to
non-lesional/pigmented vitiligo skin. (C) Double immunofluorescence
staining of IL-17A and IL-17RA, areas of orange shows receptor bound
IL-17A molecules. 50–60% of IL-17RA positive cells are also
IL-17A positive in leading edge vitiligo biopsies. In comparison, only
20–30% of IL-17RA positive cells are IL-17A positive in
non-lesional and lesional skin. Bar = 100 mm,
applies to 5A, B&C. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4395222_pone.0123651.g005_377689.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | HaCaT, HEKn (passage 3) and HEK-CaY (passage 10) cells were cultured with human foreskin fibroblasts in a 3D human skin equivalent model for 28 days in vitro.Gross morphology was compared to normal human skin by H&E (A) to assess ability to for an organised stratified epidermis. Expression of stratification markers K14 (B), K10 (C) and Inv (D) was also assessed by immunohistochemistry. Dashed lines indicate the location of the basement membrane. Scale bar is equivalent to 20μm. All images are taken at 20x magnification and are representative of three experimental repeats. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3280220_pone-0032061-g006_125882.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Recruitment of inflammatory cell infiltrates to the lungs in response to inhalation of attenuated mengovirus.Giemsa-stained sections of the lungs from mice intransasally inoculated with (A) vehicle, (B) vMC0 (106 PFU) or (C) an equivalent amount of UV-inactivated vMC0. Lungs were harvested on day 2 postinoculation. Magnification, 20X. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl8s40j071u4rhhc5an.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3414816_F6_149026.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Operative and postoperative findings in case 3. (A) Arthroscopy showing the lesion of the osteonecrosis at the medial condyle of the femur demonstrating the anterior wide margin of the femoral condylar defect. (B) Osteochondral plugs are grafted into the recipient site. (C) Anteroposterior radiograph taken six months after surgery shows less irregularity of the subchondral bone of the medial femoral condyle. (D, E) MRI taken six months after surgery shows the restoration of the articular cartilage surface and good engraftment of the graft. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04734.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | CT of dilated portal vein and extension of thrombosis (axial view). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuu8zrc074y2e22de0g.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4106910_F5_307894.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | FE-SEM micrographs for PTFE/PPS coatings via non-uniform cooling processes. FE-SEM micrographs with different magnifications of surface microstructures of PTFE/PPS superhydrophobic coating cured at 390°C for 1.5 h and then quenched in the dry ice cooling medium (Q3 coating) (a ×2,000, b ×10,000, c ×30,000, d ×2,000, e ×10,000, f ×30,000, g ×10,000, h ×30,000).The continuous zone of the coatings is marked with red circles while the discontinuous zone is marked with red ellipse. The insets show the behavior of water droplets on Q3 coating surface: WCA = 154°. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2234406_F2_17402.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Scanned images of DAB-stained, spotted immobilised rHRP activity. WT, Wildtype; Mutant 1, R118K/R159K/R283K; Mutant 2, R118K/R159K; Mutant 3, R118K/R159K/K232N/K241F/R283K; Mutant 4, R118K/R159K/K232N/K241F. Time points indicated on the left are in hours. DAB coloration indicates peroxidase activity; this was noted within minutes for the immobilisation mutants, whereas plant and wildtype recombinant HRP required a longer time to develop any coloration. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4509708_fig0010_407906.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Testing 3D PLA printed device for spine morphology: (A) Hippocampal neuronal culture on PLA 3D-printed coverslip (Model 001, Model 005, Model 007). Neurons were transfected with Myr-EGFP and imaged at 21 d.i.v showing a healthy culture with spine densities and structurally indistinguishable from neurons transfected with the same vector and grown on commercial coverslips. Scale Bar: 10 μm. (B) ROI, Structure of spines at 63× in live culture. (C) 3D reconstruction of the ROI, showing the tridimensionality of spine architecture. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_1440.jpg | Is siamese twins present? | no |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic39220.jpg | what imaging modality was used to take this image? | bas - barium swallow |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4672103_fig1_451233.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Gross necropsy findings of challenged piglets. (a)–(d) Fibrinous layers on serosal surfaces in enterocoelia, thorax, pericardium, and articular cavity from nonvaccinated pigs. (e) and (f) Lesions in thorax and enterocoelia from immunized pigs. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4001073_F4_284498.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | MRI scans of the patient IV-16 (left) and the unaffected relative (right). (A,B): midsagittal; (C,D): axial; (E,F): coronal sections. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4506828_fig2_407358.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | MRI scans, after effects of CMV meningoencephalitis, with patchy lesions of the white matter (red arrow) and dilation of the left lateral ventricle. 3D MR image of a case of semicircular canal occlusion, complication of CMV meningoencephalitis. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3913578_pone-0086712-g002_263924.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner |
Phasmatonycteris phiomensis, YPM 24198, Holotype, left dentary with p3-m3.(Note: m3 talonid has been subsequently damaged, photographs taken before damage occurred). A, Stereophotographs of holotype in occlusal view; B, close-up of p3-4 in occlusal view; C, labial view of holotype; D, lingual view of holotype. Scale bar for A, C–D = 1 mm, scale bar for B = 0.50 mm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3637467_F3_201400.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Persisting hydronephrosis on ultrasound with debris. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2945342_F5_74602.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Expression of Ngb and Cygb in human astrocytomas. Tissue microarrays containing cores obtained from various human brain tumors were stained with to antibodies to Ngb or Cygb. Positive staining was visualized by the chromogenic reaction of HRP with DAB. Photomicrographs were obtained at 20× magnification, and the scale bar indicates 50 μM. Sections of representative examples of Grades I-IV astrocytoma are shown. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4496201_F8_404484.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | NZ-1 and MASL exhibit different OSCC cell binding dynamics(a) HSC-2 cells were incubated with fluorescently labeled MASL or NZ-1 for 2 minutes and examined by confocal microscopy. MASL bound to cell membranes, while NZ-1 did not. (b) Colocalization of MASL and PDPN is evident by confocal microscopy. Bars = 50 microns. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4454564_pone.0129018.g002_392996.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Micro-CT of C-PMMA (1–3) and MC-PMMA (4–6) after implantation for 4 (1,4), 12 (2, 5) and 24 weeks (3, 6).Red arrow indicates the insertion site of trabecular; C, C-PMMA; MC, MC-PMMA. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3919801_pone-0088723-g001_265808.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Characterization of CuO NP used in the present study.(A) Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the CuO NP at two magnifications. The polydisperse size distribution of CuO NP (n = 245) determined from TEM images is shown in the insert. The average size of the NP is shown (mean ± SD). (B) X-Ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the NP. The X, and Y axes of the XRD represents the angles (2θ) of incident X-ray beam and the corresponding diffraction peak intensity. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_1951.jpg | Is foot present? | yes |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic49022.jpg | what plane is demonstrated? | coronal |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4177137_F5_322913.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Enhancement of tissue contrast by performing PTA staining. In transverse tomographic sections of the unstained (A, D) or unstained and dehydrated samples (B, E) of both species (A-C, black molly; D-F, S. tinanti) only bone, pharyngeal teeth and otoliths can easily be identified while after staining (C, F) diverse other tissues and organs such as brain, muscles, and the membranous labyrinth are now clearly visible. All scans were performed using the same isotropic voxel size of 10 μm for both specimens and all three conditions. Scale bar, 1 mm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4596811_pone.0140037.g003_430797.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | New bone formation and mineralization was monitored histomorphometrically by CA (green), AL (red) and TE (yellow) fluorescent quantification.The images of (A1-3), (B1-3), (C1-3) and (D1-3) represents the labeling at 2(A1, B1), 4(A2, B2), 6(A3, B3), 8(C1, D1), 9(C2, D2),and 10(C3, D3) weeks after operation. A, C and B, D represents confocal LASER microscope for MIPO group and ORIF group, respectively. A4, B4, C4 and D4 represent merged images of the three fluorochromes for the same group. A5, B5, C5 and D5 represent merged images of the three fluorochromes and a plain confocal laser microscope image. Scale bar = 2mm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3807398_F8_239195.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Nectin-1 expression by nasal epithelia. (a) Nasal epithelia of naive mice were stained for the HSV-1 gD receptor nectin-1 (green) and costained for α-tubulin or olfactory marker protein (red). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Representative regions of neuroepithelium and respiratory epithelium are shown. The right-hand panels show the boxed regions at higher magnification. (b) Nasal epithelia of naive mice were stained for the tight junction component ZO-1 and costained for α-tubulin or olfactory marker protein (red). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Representative regions of neuroepithelium and respiratory epithelium are shown. The right-hand panels show the boxed regions at higher magnification. ZO-1 and nectin-1 showed similar distributions. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxve90kw074y3tymbify.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08457.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | X-ray of pelvis demonstrating fractures of the left superior and inferior pubic rami. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3956368_F2_274465.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Early parenchymal distribution of fluorescently labeled liposomes. (A–E) Acute survival time-point for liposome-infused animals revealed the rapid spread of fluorescently labeled liposomes 30 min after delivery into the thalamus. Spread of fluorescence reached approximately 2.4 mm rostral and 1.6 mm caudal from the site of infusion, suggesting efficient movement of these particles throughout the brain after CED. Scale bar: B–D = 5 mm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4430675_fig1_386170.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Measurement of epicardial fat thickness (EFT, green arrows) by echocardiography. (a) The maximum EFT was measured perpendicularly from the free wall of the right ventricle at end-systole from the parasternal long axis. (b) Maximum EFT was measured from the point on the free wall of the right ventricle along the midline of the ultrasound beam perpendicular to the aortic annulus as the anatomic landmark. (c) Maximum EFT was measured from the apical 4-chamber focused on the right ventricle echocardiographic images. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4356418_f1-ol-09-04-1767_366574.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Computed tomography (CT) scans revealing a tissue mass. Enhancement thoracic CT demonstrated a mass in (A) the middle lobe of the right lung and the (B) mediastinum window, which was a possible lung tumor. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz5dosk086uaex8ami6.jpg | What is the size of the polyp? | >20mm |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_38728.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | A 54-year-old with a history of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder and amyloid. Non-contrast coronal CT reveals bilateral nephromegaly, with the right kidney measuring 17.8 cm and the left kidney measuring 17.4 cm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_bone/train_2842.jpg | What does this image show? | sectioned vertebral bodies showing very nicely osteolytic metastatic lesions primary squamous cell carcinoma penis |
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