image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_3/PMC2954934_F2_75946.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Example of rest (top rows) and stress (bottom rows) BOLD CMR showing the apical (a), mid-ventricular (b) and basal slice (c) with six echo times. Susceptibility artifacts (white arrow) occurred at long echo times predominantly in the inferolateral segment caused by the heart-lung interface. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4642519_f3_443342.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | (a) Effect of S. crispus on regulation of PCNA protein in the colon tissue of rats (A) Normal group with normal crypts, (B) AOM group, (C) 5-FU group, (D) S. crispus 250 mg/kg plant treated group, (E) S. crispus 500 mg/kg plant treated group (100× magnification). Arrow indicates cells with PCN protein. (Immunohistochemical stain, PCNA stain). (b) Effect of S. crispus on % regulation of PCNA protein in AOM-induced rats’ colon tissue. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1855.jpg | Is Leiomyomas present? | yes |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxus8zo8074y6pz410z6.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | Z-line |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3775426_fig3_231929.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | (a) Coronal view of planning CT scan. (b) Dose colorwash of helical tomotherapy (HT) treatment plan. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4439727_fig01_388487.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Left to right: a photograph, X-ray radiograph, neutron radiograph and the PGAI data for BWB83_153, using a 10 × 10 mm collimator. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3877626_fig4_255535.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | The physical sphere phantom (a) and a transaxial slice of CT (b) and PET (c) images of it. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1458331_F3_5404.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Fibrocytes in patients with mild asthma express collagen. Bronchial biopsies were stained using immunofluorescent antibodies against prolyl-4-hydroxylase (green) CD45RO (red) and nuclei (blue) (A). Squares indicate the same cluster area as shown in A. The merged picture describes the positive cells within the square. Cells were further stained for CD34 (green), procollagen I (red), and nuclei (blue) (B), and were subjected to confocal microscopy. The merged picture describes the positive cell within the square. Definition of abbreviations: BM = Basement membrane |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_1957.jpg | What are present? | extremities |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4214353_f4-mmr-10-05-2293_331354.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Immunohistochemical analysis of the expression levels of cyclin D1, glycogen synthase kinase-3β and β-catenin in representative samples from the animals inoculated with Tca8113/pcDNA3.1 and Tca8113/SFRP2 cells (stained by 3,3′-diaminobenzidine). (A, C and E) Tissues from the group of animals inoculated with Tca8113/pcDNA3.1. (B, D and F) Tissues from the group of animals inoculated with Tca8113/SFRP2. (magnification, ×200). SFRP2, secreted frizzled-related protein 2. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3095344_F7_95386.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Subcellular localisation of ProDH2. False colour images of protoplasts isolated from Arabidopsis plants stably transformed with a 35S:ProDH2:GFP fusion construct and stained with MitoTracker Orange. A: GFP fluorescence depicted in green; B: MitoTracker fluorescence depicted in red; C: Overlay of A and B demonstrating co-localisation of ProDH2-GFP with mitochondria. D: Overlay of a transmitted light picture with chlorophyll autofluorescence. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3417989_F1_149459.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Figure 1: CT scan, saggital section showing huge unilocular cystic abdominal mass. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3722555_F3_219987.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Immunohistochemical findings in liver biopsy specimens from a patient with CHB with marked necroinflammatory activity and a patient on maintained long-term remission. (A,B) FOXP3 immunopositivity in occasional lymphocytes; (C,D) CD8 antigen immunopositivity in many lymphocytes located in portal tracts and hepatic lobules before treatment, contrasted with rare positive lymphocytes after treatment; (E,F) CD4 antigen immunopositivity in some lymphocytes located in portal tracts; (G,H) PD1 immunopositivity in occasional lymphocytes; (I,J) PDL1 immunopositivity in several lymphocytes. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3842163_F4_246436.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Images of [11C]PIB binding in brain. Upper three rows show mean binding images of sections of the brains of a group of AD patients (N = 6), and lower three rows show similar sections for age-matched healthy controls (N = 8). For each group is shown the BPND values derived from the WARM and SRTM methods. For the SUVR method, the mean DVR measures are illustrated in the range 1–3. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3519890_pone-0051574-g001_171975.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Macrophages in the uninjured chick cochlea.Surface views revealed macrophages (green) associated with the sensory region (A). In addition, numerous macrophages were present in the hyaline/cuboidal cell region, which is immediately outside the inferior border of the sensory epithelium (B). Three-dimensional reconstructions of confocal image stacks indicated that macrophages in the sensory region were mainly located below the sensory epithelium (A′, B′). Macrophages in the sensory and nonsensory (hyaline cell) regions of the cochlea were quantified from five 100 µm-wide strips, located in the midregion of the cochlea (shaded areas, C). Green: KUL01 (macrophages), Red: phalloidin. Scale bar = 30 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3119671_pone-0021285-g008_99854.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Ultrastructural changes in the mitochondrial membrane in LV tissue.
A. Ultrastructural changes in the mitochondrial cristae (using TEM) in the left ventricular tissue section (N = 5 in each treatment group) obtained from sham and septic rat hearts(6 and 12 hr post-sepsis). The mitochondrial cristae deformation was seen in the purified mitochondrial preparation from the septic rat left ventricular tissue (6 hr post-sepsis). B. The lower panel represents the magnified image of selected mitochondria in the purified mitochondrial preparation (red box, upper panel). Arrows points to the mitochondrial cristae deformation (RED) with balloon expansion (YELLOW). Magnification, 40 k×; Scale bar = 0.1 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4643155_F0001_443577.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | X-ray of right knee joint showing the radiodence body. Anteroposterior (a) and lateral (b) X-ray of the knee |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3102810_Fig5_97127.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | MRI at 6 months showing the healing of the MCL, with residual oedema |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3600138_fig2_192647.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Schematic diagram and corresponding arthroscopic photo (of a right shoulder from a posterior glenohumeral portal) demonstrating the inner metallic sleeve penetrating the intact portion of the rotator cuff laterally at the area of greatest tendon involvement. The “needle tipped” portion of the intra-articular depth guide is inserted tangential to the bone bed and placed adjacent to the articular cartilage. (Note: all arthroscopic photos are oriented in the beach chair position). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4672491_Fig4_451427.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | GK-6, similarly to NGF, induces the differentiation of PC12 cells, whereas GK-2 does not. PC12 cells were treated with GK-6 (10-6M), GK-2 (10-5 and 10-8M) or NGF (10-9M) 3 times in 48 h. Cell differentiation was studied morphometrically. Magnification: 20×. a – untreated control cells, b – treatment with NGF, c – treatment with GK-6, d – treatment with GK-2 (10-5 M), e-treatment with GK-2 (10-8M). The bar in the photomicrographs corresponds to 25 μm |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz9dowk086uh2wxexpq.jpg | What is the size of the polyp? | >20mm |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4290611_F3_349980.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Subcellular localization of GFP-tagged POLA2 wild type and mutant G583R proteins. HEK 293 cells were transfected with GFP-fused proteins (green) as indicated and treated with anti-GFP followed by Alexa 488 (green) to stain the proteins and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue) to stain the nuclei and then examined by laser fluorescence confocal microscopy. The fields shown were visualized independently at the appropriate wavelength for anti-GFP (488 nm) and DAPI (405 nm), and then the two images were merged. Magnification: 63×. Scale bar is 10 µm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic39708.jpg | in what plane is this image taken? | coronal |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3425662_F1_151494.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Segmental colectomy and colonic anastomosis in the rat. A: identification of the segment of the colon to be resected. B: segmental colectomy. C: running suture of the posterior anastomotic lip. D: colon transit restored by end to end anastomosis, the arrow indicates the suture line. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4396144_fig2_377875.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | (a) Showing thickening of the glomerular capillary basement membrane (black arrow head). (b) Section of the skin demonstrates a neutrophil-rich subepidermal blister (black arrow) with (c) which shows leukocytoclastic vasculitis (black arrow heads) involving the blood vessels of the upper and deep dermis. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2453104_F18_25222.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Atrioventricular septal defect with a balanced form common valve. (A) The common valve is equally shared by the two ventricles. (B) The echocardiographic image at the level of both ventricles shows the same features that are apparent in the anatomic specimen. Other abbreviations as before. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3880834_F1_256472.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Spinal cord, brain and optical imaging follow-up of the patient. June 2012: Spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing extensive hyper intense T2 lesion between C5 and T10 (A) with gadolinium enhancement on T1 sequence (B). Brain MRI showing multiple hyperintense T2 lesions on insular regions, medial temporal lobes and thalamus (C), but also gadolinium enhancement of ventricles and meninges (D). Peripapillary optical coherence tomography showing asymmetric retinal nerve fiber layer (E). July 2012: Control brain MRI showing extension of hyperT2 lesion load (F). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_44673.jpg | What is shown in this image? | X-ray showing burst fracture of a D12 vertebra with kyphosis of the first patient |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2998500_F4_80640.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Short axis diastolic views showing cardiac motion artifacts when using ECG gating. Short axis diastolic views obtained from breath-held apex-to-base 2D CINE FLASH acquisitions using (top) vector ECG, (middle) ACT and POX (bottom) gating. In this subject (subject 2) vector ECG triggered 2D CINE FLASH imaging was prone to severe cardiac motion artifacts if R-wave mis-registration occurred. Images suffering from cardiac motion induced blurring are marked with grey bars. Acoustic triggering and POX provided image quality free of interferences from cardiac motion effects. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0841.jpg | What are the polypoid areas? | the sites of variceal hemorrhage that were ligated with bands |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2777238_fig1_50799.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Endoscopic, EUS, and radiographic images of appendiceal findings. (a) Endoscopic image of an appendiceal mucocele; (b) endosonographic image of an appendiceal mucocele; (c) CT scan image of an appendiceal mucocele (arrowhead); (d) endosonographic image of an appendiceal lipoma. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3823140_fig03_242050.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Indirect Immunofluorescence analysis of PARP-1 activity and AIF-dependent parthanatos. (A) ARPE-19 cells treated with either HMA or etoposide were probed with anti-PAR antibody to evaluate PAR synthesis. (B) Evaluation of AIF localization in HMA-treated ARPE-19 cells. Experiments were carried out with anti-mtHSP70 (to label mitochondria, red fluorescence) and anti-AIF (green fluorescence) antibodies. Scale bar 25 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4251904_pone-0112598-g003_341021.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Expression of Lin28a and Ddx4 in adult mouse testes following busulfan treatment.Representative images showing immunohistochemical stainings for Lin28a (left column) and Ddx4 (right column) on testis sections of DMSO (A, B) and busulfan treated (C–L) adult mice. For Lin28a and Ddx4 stainings on days 1 (C), 3 (E), 7 (G), 21 (I) and 28 (K) after busulfan treatment higher magnifications are shown for each time point (D, F, H, J, L). Germ cells are indicated by arrows and Sertoli cells by arrow heads. As negative control, stainings with nonspecific IgGs were performed (A; Insert). Scale bars represent 25 µm and 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4212090_Fig6_330871.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. |
hynacs
are differentially expressed at the base of the tentacles or at the peduncle. Magnifications of the in situ hybridizations for hynac6, hynac7 and hynac9 to hynac11 from Figure 5, demonstrating more precisely their expression patterns at the tentacle base and the peduncle. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4497425_Fig1_404761.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Expression of Six1 in prostate cancer tissues and normal prostate tissues detected by western blotting and immunochemistry. a Relative mRNA expression of Six1 normalized to β-actin was calculated (n = 8), ★ indicates P < 0.05. b Expressions of Six1 protein in 8 paired tissues were examined by western blotting. Micrographs showed weak (c, c), moderate (d, d), and strong (e, e) staining of Six1 in prostate cancer tissues, as well as low (f, f) expression of Six1 in normal prostate tissues (upper magnification × 100, lower panel: magnification × 400.) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3179599_fig03_109871.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Series of key dynamic images after contrast bolus injection comparing one control (a–e) and one infarcted mouse (f–j). Image demonstrates the baseline (a,f) scans, the passage of the contrast agent in the RV (arrow, (b,g)), LV (arrow, (c,h)), and the myocardium (d,i). Note the attenuated signal in the anterior wall of the infarcted mouse (i). Images on the right (e,j) represent matched Evans Blue sections (2% w/v, injection into the tail vein) to delineate the area at risk. Note colocalization of the large anterior perfusion defect, using MRI with decreased staining in the matched Evans Blue section (i,j). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3759893_f7-ijms-14-15910_228691.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | (a) T2-weighted MR images taken at 0 h and 4.5 h after injection of Dox@TCL-SPION at the LLC tumor on the right back of the mouse; (b) Optical fluorescence images of major organs and allograft tumors: 1 liver; 2 lung; 3 spleen; 4 tumor; 5 heart; and 6 kidney. Images were taken after intravenous injection of Dox@TCL-SPION (equivalent to 4 mg of Dox) (above) and free Dox (4 mg) into tumor-bearing mice (below) (n = 3). The mice were euthanized after 1 h and 12 h. Reprinted with permission from [63]. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2076.jpg | Does atheromatous embolus show external view several capsule lacerations easily seen? | no |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02272.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | CT scan: stage 3 splenic injury with hemoperitoneum. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC1131917_F2_2204.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Ultrasound examination of the right elbow. This confirms the presence of a hypoechoic joint effusion (arrowed). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_27756.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Blast lung injury. Twenty-two-year-old patient who experienced the explosion of a grenade in his hands. Coronal CT reformatted contrast-enhanced CT image at mediastinal window shows bilateral perilar consolidations mimicking a butterfly or bat-wing appearance, consistent with blast lung. The left lung is almost completely collapsed, and there are bilateral haemothoraces |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyndoc0086ua87w4ey9.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 1 |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuu8zr0074y1vdvg8p8.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | Z-line |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4179853_Fig3_323740.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | The histopathologic findings after stimulation on Brain (a), C-spine (b), T-spine (c) and L-spine (d). The stimulating electrode was implanted on the motor cortex. We stimulated the brain, C-spine, T-spine and L-spine at a frequency of 2 Hz and 50% of the movement threshold of 1 V (als-1), a frequency of 50 Hz and 50% of the movement threshold of 0.7 V (als-2) and a frequency of 70 Hz and 50% of the movement threshold of 0.6 V (als-3) for continuously 24 hours. There were no significant differences in the number of neurons showing degenerative changes between the stimulating and reference sites. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv59048074yc5km1cks.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | Yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01731.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Small bowel enteroclysis in a patient with Billroth II gastroje-junal anastomosis showing multiple jejunal diverticula of various sizes |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2629472_F1_32980.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Preoperative chest CT scan. (A) Diffuse emphysematous changes of the right upper lobe, surgical subcutaneous emphysema and a scar-like lesion located in the periphery of the posterior segment of the right upper lobe (arrow). (B) Thickening of the parietal pleura in proximity to the scar-like lesion (arrow). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2747398_F0006_46382.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | A 68-year-old man with pancreatic cancer. Oblique coronal MPR CT scan image (A) shows an ill-defined infiltrating mass (arrowheads) in the pancreatic head causing upstream pancreatic duct dilatation. Oblique coronal MPR (B) and MIP (C) arterial phase CT scan images demonstrate circumferential soft tissue infiltration around the common hepatic artery with deformity (arrows) suggesting tumor invasion. Coronal portal venous phase MIP image (D) reveals marked narrowing of the main portal vein near the portomesenteric confluence (arrow), indicating tumor invasion into the main portal vein in one plane. MPR : multiplanar reconstruction, MIP : maximum intensity projection |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4043571_f1-etm-07-06-1599_293837.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Culture and identification of 3T3-L1 cells. (A) Fiber-like growth observed three days after inoculation. (B) Formation of varing sizes of lipid droplets, 10 days after induction. (C) Oil red O staining, with which lipid droplets were stained red. (D) Hematoxylin re-staining, with which lipid droplets were stained red and nuclei were dyed blue. (A and B) magnification, ×100; (C and D) magnification ×200. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3520850_pone-0051403-g004_172266.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Nuclear targeting of Crz1-GFP is calcineurin-dependent and triggered by addition of calcium and elevated temperature.(A) Cells grown at room temperature show predominantly cytosolic Crz1-GFP localization. In cells treated with CaCl2 or grown at 37°C, Crz1-GFP is predominantly nuclear. The calcineurin inhibitor FK506 causes nuclear exclusion of Crz1-GFP at 37°C. (B) Quantification of the fluorescence intensity of nuclear Crz1-GFP. The differences between treated and untreated cells are statistically significant (n = 61 for 25°C control, n = 47 for CaCl2-treated cells and n = 50 for 37°C-grown culture; P<0.0001 using an unpaired two-tailed t-test with Welch correction). Error bars represent standard errors. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_41119.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram demonstrates opacification of dilated intrahepatic (arrow) and extrahepatic biliary ducts. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3719031_F4_219411.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | fMRI activation to all words and task effects. (A) Regions that produced significant activation to all words (averaged across three tasks) against baseline. (B) Regions that showed significant effects in a One-Way ANOVA with the factor Task. Circles indicate ROIs that showed significant task effects using small volume correction. Bar graphs show significant ROI analysis results in more detail (significance levels indicated as in Figure 3). All whole-brain results are displayed at a significance threshold of p < 0.001 uncorrected with minimum extent of 10 voxels (see Table 3 for details). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_75839.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | abdominopelvic computed tomography scan revealed a 0.5 cm×1.0 cm opacity (arrow) on the right proximal ureter. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3306114_f2a-jovr_v06_no4_09_130474.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | MRI in multiple sclerosis: a hyperintense parietal white matter lesion on T2 (A), appears hypointense on T1 images (B). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05088.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Postoperative oesophageal X-ray imaging showing a new well functioning hypopharynx. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3530432_F8_175051.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Immunofluorescence of TgPTTG 10 months old mice for PTTG-EGFP protein expression. PTTG antibody was used for immunostaining of PTTG protein and detected with Alexa 594 fluorescent antibody (red). Images were acquired using confocal microscopy. WT = wild type, FT = fallopian tube, AdC = adenocarcinoma. White bar indicates 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4450477_Fig8_391838.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail |
Vsx2
orJ cells contribute to all early born retinal cell types in mutant chimeras at E15.5. (A-J) Expression of TUBB3 (A, B), POU4F (C, D), OTX (E, F), PTF1A (G, H), and BHLHB5 (I, J) in wild-type (A, C, E, G, I) and orJ
(B, D, F, H, J) retinas. White bars in C and I are the consequence of nonoverlapping fields of view during image capture. (K-O) Expression of TUBB3 (K), POU4F (L), OTX (M), PTF1A (N) and BHLHB5 (O) in retinas of mutant chimeras at E15.5. All markers are detected in Yfp
+ and Vsx2
orJ cells. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: EYFP, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3454434_pone-0045974-g004_156991.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Trematode exosomes-like vesicles contain typical ESP proteins.
E. caproni vesicles probed with preimmune sera (A). Immunodetection of enolase (B), actin (C) in E. caproni exosomes, and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) in F. hepatica exosomes (D) are shown. Magnification ×100000. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4316702_F3_355308.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | It shows the results of whole-brain analysis of fMRI BOLD activation of responses associated with the Switch and successfully stopped (Stop-inhibit) responses. Panels (A,B) show the differential activation of the Stop-inhibit and Switch responses after subtracting out activation associated with the “go” responses. Panels (C,D) show brain regions that had significantly stronger activation during the Stop-inhibit responses relative to Switch, and during the Switch relative to the Stop-inhibit responses. StGo = “go” responses in the Stop condition; SwGo = “go” responses in the Switch condition; FDR = error correction using the topological false-discovery rate. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3505710_F2_168393.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | A) Melanoacanthoma on the right buccal mucosa. B) Me-lanoacanthoma showing proliferation of benign dendritic melanocytes scattered throughout the epithelium, acanthosis and spongiosis (H&E, x 100). C) Clinical aspect of amalgam tattoo on the gingival border bilaterally. D) Radiographic evaluation of amalgam tattoo. E) Oral melanoma located in gingival region. F) Histopathology of oral melanoma with atypical melanocytes, nuclear pleomorphism and hyperchromatism (H&E, x 100). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3840638_F3_246022.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Immunohistochemistry analysis of Annexin A7 expression in primary tumor and metastatic lymph node tissues. The subcellular localization of Annexin A7 protein in primary tumor cells was mainly in the cytosol and partially in the cell membrane, while Annexin A7 expression in lymph node metastatic tumors was only localized in the cytosol. All magnifications are × 400. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2939567_fig1_73613.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Abdominal X-ray showed a dilated loops of the colon above left hemidiaphragm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3462766_pone-0046681-g003_158392.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | ALFF differences between patients in pre-TIPS and post-TIPS examinations.In the median 8-day follow-up examinations, post-TIPS patients demonstrated decreased ALFF in the left middle/posterior cingulate cortex, right superior frontal cortex, left DLPFC, SMA and increased ALFF in the left ACC and MPFC. In three months following TIPS, patients with TIPS insertion showed decreased ALFF in the left PCC, left DLPFC, left ACC and left MPFC, but no increased regional ALFF was detected. TIPS = Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; ALFF = amplitude of low frequency fluctuation; DLPFC = dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex; SMA = supplementary motor area; ACC = anterior cingulate cortex; MPFC = medial prefrontal cortex; PCC = posterior cingulate cortex. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3531509_ppat-1003055-g009_175493.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Localization of EhC2PK and EhCaBP1 in the anti-sense cell line.Cells were grown in the presence of tetracycline for 24 h and then incubated with RBCs at different time points. The cells were then fixed and immunostained with specific antibodies as described before. The antibodies used were anti-CaBP3 (green) and anti-CaBP1 (red) antibodies or anti-C2PK antibody (red) and anti-CaBP1 antibody (green) and viewed using Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope. Arrow head depicts the mild accumulation of EhCaBP1 and EhC2PK at the site of phagocytosis. Scale bar represents 10 µM. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4661529_f5_448213.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Detection of protein interaction in growing microtubules.(A) Upper panel: Re-growth of microtubules after nocodazole wash-out leads to the appearance of microtubule structures in both bait and prey time-lapse images. Scale bar: 15 μm. Lower panel: the line profile represents the fluorescence intensity along the dashed line (see upper panel) at two different times. Arrows indicate the position of five microtubules in the line profile at t = 6′. (B) Time-lapse imaging of the reforming microtubules after nocodazole wash-out. We noticed the simultaneous presence of YB-1-GFP and YB-1-RFP-Tau on dynamical microtubules. See also video 3. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3742816_f2-ol-06-01-0175_224700.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | MVD of patients with positive VEGF/KDR expression (F8 was used as a vascular endothelial cell marker, SABC staining). Microscopy showed that the microvessels were abundant, and blood capillary clusters and slit-shaped vessels were visible (magnification, ×100). MVD, microvessel density; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; SABC, streptavidin-biotin complex. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3528711_pone-0052070-g006_174810.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Effect of proteasome inhibitors on CFTR immunostaining.Histochemical staining of CFTR in ileum from FVB wild type mice (A); ileum from untreated homozygous Cftrtm1Eur F508del mice (B); ileum from homozygous Cftrtm1Cam knockout mice (C); PI-treated ileum from homozygous Cftrtm1Eur F508del mice (D–G); ileum was treated for 4 h at 37°C with 1 µM epoxomicin (D), 10 µM MG-132 (E), 20 µM ALLN (F), or 30 nM PS341 (G). Panel H: Vehicle-treated (0.1% DMSO) ileum from homozygous Cftrtm1Eur (FVB) F508del mice. Magnifications: 200×. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3061585_f02_90659.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Fluorescence in R. speratus. Worker (A, C) of Coptotermes formosanus as a control and worker (B, D), nymph (E, F), and ergatoid (G, H) of Reticulitermes speratus under white light (A, B, E, G) and UV (output 300–400 nm) light (C, D, F, H). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_lungs/train_1385.jpg | What does this image show? | lung |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27967.jpg | is this a ct scan? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1526588_F4_6352.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Immunocytochemical analysis of BAFF expression in salivary epithelilal cells from minor salivary glands. Positive staining for B cell-activating factor (BAFF) 48 hours after stimulation with IFN-α (2,400 U/ml) (c) and with IFN-γ (5 ng/ml) (d) was markedly enhanced compared with baseline (b). (a) Negative control with polyclonal rat immunoglobulin. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC548132_F3_1218.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | The proliferating activity revealed by Ki-67 immunostaining at implantation sites of the rhesus monkey on D17 (A, E, G), D19 (B), D28 (C) and D34 (D, F, H) of gestation. Panels A-D were under a lower magnification. Ki-67 protein was stained red, and nuclei blue. E and F were the placental villi under a higher magnification. G and H were the anchoring villi under a higher magnification. Vi, placental villi. ST, syncytiotrophoblast. CT, cytotrophoblast. Sc, stromal cell. En, endometrium. Scale bars represent 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3907582_pone-0086864-g007_262886.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Skull roof and other bones of type specimen (UTGD 54655) of Tasmaniosaurus triassicus.
A, skull roof bones in ventral view and close-up views of the ventral surfaces of the anterior margins of the B, left and C, right frontals. Abbreviations: ?ep, possible epipterygoid; ?po, probable postorbital; ?so, possible supraoccipital; dr, dorsal rib; f-n, fronto-nasal suture; chi, cerebral hemisphere impression; ip, interparietal; lff, laterosphenoid facet; li, lateral impression; mbsf, medial border of the supratemporal fenestra; obi, olfactory bulb impression; od, orbital depression; oti, olfactory tract impression; plp, posterolateral process of the parietal; pof, postfrontal; r, ridge. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A) and 1 mm (B, C). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3978406_fig3_279555.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Abdominal and pelvic CT scan showing normal sized liver and spleen. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvf90lc074yef2f0ua1.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_prostate/train_2525.jpg | Is leukemic infiltrate with necrosis present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2653772_fig1_35841.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Representative images showing expression of RUNX3 in the nucleus only (A), in the cytoplasm only (B) and in both the nucleus and cytoplasm (C). Images are at × 40 magnification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3782127_fig2_233258.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Expression of tissue transglutaminase in duodenal biopsies. (a) Celiac disease. (b) Normal control. (c) Crohn's disease. (immunoperoxidase 20x). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2204065_pone-0001520-g003_16268.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Late-EPCs obtained from patients with cKS form capillary-like structures in vitro.Late-EPCs cultured in Matrigel gave rise within 12 hours of incubation to vascular structures that were quite similar to those formed by control endothelial cell lines. A) A representative phase-contrast photograph of the capillary-like structures formed by late-EPCs from a patient with cKS (×40 magnification) is shown. B) For comparison, a photograph of the structures formed by ECV 304 cell line (×40 magnification) is shown. Capillary-like structures were photographed using a Leitz Diavert microscope system. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2822819_F5_56931.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Pathohistological evidence of noncaseating granulomas in skin biopsy, characteristic for sarcoidosis. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4591295_pone.0138752.g003_429140.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Pre-operative and post-operative images from the orthotopic liver metastasis model treated with BLS.
(A)—(C) Upper panels show bright field images, and lower panels are images of tumor fluorescence obtained with the OV100. At low magnification, residual tumor fluorescence was marginally detected. (B) However, at high magnification, residual tumor fluorescence was clearly visualized (arrows) (C). Arrowheads show residual tumor fluorescence in B and C. (D) Resected specimen. Magnifications are indicated above the columns. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4190977_fig3_326608.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Case 3. Pretreatment: (a) clinical and (b) radiographic views. (c, d) Clinical views after periodontal treatment and construction of temporary prosthesis. After (e) extractions and (f) bone graft placement. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3652860_pone-0063857-g008_204173.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | TRAP stain of fracture calluses at day 14 PF.(A) 10× magnification of wild-type callus; (B) 20× magnification of box from (A); (C) 10× magnification of Pten mutant callus; (D) 20× magnification of box from (C). TRAP staining was more intense in the mutant group. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4282196_Fig4_348013.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision |
Significant differences in GM volume between IGA and HC subjects. The results show IGA subjects had higher GM volume in the right inferior temporal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus, and lower GM volume in the left precentral gyrus (P <0.001, cluster size was set at >100 voxels). T-values are color-coded on the right. Blue indicates IGA group < HC, yellow indicates IGA group > HC. *The left part of the figure represents the patient’s right side. *HC, healthy control. IGA, internet gaming addiction. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2845375_F0003_60435.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | (a) MRI showing extensive mass in the subcutaneous tissue of right thigh with retroperitoneal extension. (b) MR angiogram showing narrowing of right iliac and femoral vessels due to extrinsic compression. (c) Colour Doppler showing normal caliber of vessels with optimum flow. (d) lymphangiography revealing dilatation of lymphatic channels in leg and inguinal region (Rt.). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_35053.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | CT scan reveals the retention of the NBCA mixture in the mesenteric varices (arrow). Note the draining vein observed just after retrograde transvenous obliteration |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4665545_diagnostics-04-00057-f005_448996.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Guided biopsy with the use of laser marking and endoscopic OCT imaging. (A) volumetric OCT imaging of the region of interest in the esophagus; (B) assessment and interpretation of the volumetric data set; (C) selection of point of interest; (D) laser marking at corresponding sites on the luminal wall; and (E) endoscopic biopsy at the marked sites for histopathologic analysis. Originally published in [83]. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4219007_Fig2_332523.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. |
Expression and morphology of mutant M-PMV CANC in
E.coli
. Coomassie blue stained SDS-PAGE gel of E. coli expressing WT and mutant M-PMV CANC proteins (upper left panel). Electron micrographs of thin sections of E. coli expressing WT and mutant M-PMV CANC. Bars: 200 or 500 nm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4521946_pone.0126818.g002_411093.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Three-dimensional volume-rendering images showed the number of left atrial appendage lobes and their distribution. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4376820_Fig11_372450.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Strain USE scoring system showing a typical 4-point qualitative scoring system. The chromatic scale in this machine, shown on the right side of each elastogram, differs from that used on the machine used to generate Fig. 10, with red and purple colours denoting high and low relative stiffness respectively. The examples shown for ES1 and ES2 were a collapsed haemorrhagic cystic nodule and benign hyperplastic nodule respectively, and ES3 and ES4 were papillary carcinomas. These examples would be classified correctly using most scoring systems published to date, which generally apply a strain USE threshold of ES3 or greater to predict malignancy |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4465160_Fig3_396068.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner |
CT slice. Slice of a CT scan. The manual contours of (red) the prostate and (green) the rectum, as well as (brown) the ROI defined as the prostate gland extended with a margin of 8 mm are drawn. The rectal distension occurred between the CT and the CBCT scans was estimated by calculating the value of F as defined in Equation 2. Ī
CT,p(Ī
CBCT,p) was calculated within the red region on the CT (CBCT after bony rigid alignment) scan. Ī
CT,r(Ī
CBCT,r) was calculated within the intersection of the green and the brown regions on the CT (CBCT after bony rigid alignment) scan. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4158090_Fig6_318833.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see |
An
SPL7-SBP
transgene results in constitutive detectable levels of nuclear localized protein in stably transformed Arabidopsis. Seven-day-old spl7-2 mutant seedlings expressing the GFP-tagged N-terminal part of SPL7, including the SBP-domain but excluding the presumed dimerization domain, were grown on ½ MS supplemented with BCS 50 μM, CuSO4 1 μM or 10 μM. Roots (a) and leaves (b) were examined using confocal microscopy. The insets in the upper row of panel (a) show a fluorescent nucleus at a higher magnification. GFP and chlorophyll fluorescence is provided together with bright field and merged images. Scale bars, 100 μm (a) and 10 μm (b). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04127.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | The CT scan demonstrates an hypodermal recurrence of the lesion in the side of resection marked with a metallic clip. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4494286_animals-02-00363-f002_403770.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | (1) Slaughter: Toto holds the rabbit by its hind legs and beats it to death against the ground. (2) Exploration: Toto discards the rabbit and juvenile and young chimpanzees start exploration and play behavior. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic19884.jpg | what organ system is primarily present in this image? | musculoskeletal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3261936_f5_122608.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Halogenated tyrosines in unexposed (control) HL-60 cells (A, C) and cells exposed to 50 μM BT (B, D) stained with anti-chlorotyrosine antibody (A, B) or anti-dibromotyrosine antibody (C, D). See “Materials and Methods” for details. Green indicates halogenated tyrosines stained with Alexa Fluor 488; red indicates nucleic acids stained with PI. Magnification, 200×. Bar = 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2911414_F7_70017.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | In vivo studies of mouse lung EPCs after lentiviral transduction with GFP marker gene. A) Cells as a monolayer (left) or as spheroids (right) used for Matrigel implantation into mice. B) De novo formation of lymphatic vessels as revealed by double staining with anti-GFP and anti-podoplanin (which is LEC-specific) in combination with nuclear Dapi staining. Note that the diagonal vessel in the picture expresses both markers. C) De novo formation of blood vessels as revealed by double staining with anti-GFP and anti-CD31 (strong CD31 staining is characteristic for BECs) in combination with nuclear Dapi staining. Erythrocytes in the vessels display green/yellow background fluorescence. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyddo1w086u8d955azz.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3853184_F2_249398.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Collagen expression in RAGE TG mice compared to controls. Lungs from Control (Co, A and C) and RAGE TG (B and D) mice were stained for Pico-Red (A and B) to visualize total collagen content and type IV collagen (C and D) and only qualitative decreases were observed. Images were at 100X original magnification. Immunoblotting for type IV collagen using equal aliquots of 10 μg total lung protein revealed markedly decreased total type IV collagen expression in RAGE TG mouse lungs compared to controls (E). *Statistical difference (P ≤ 0.05) with at least three replicates per group. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4489084_F2_401900.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Brevianthus
hypocanthidium: A leaf apex B cells at base of sinus on abaxial leaf surface C abaxial leaf surface at mid-leaf D abaxial leaf surface scale E adaxial leaf surface scale F adaxial leaf surface detail scale. All from NSW791547. Scale: 40 µm (A); 20 µm (B, E, F); 10 µm (C, D). |
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