image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC3877120_pone-0083928-g005_255240.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Binding of anti-flagella pentabodies to intact flagellar filament.Fluorescence microscopy showing FlagV1P (A) and FlagV6P (B) pentabody binding to C. jejuni flagella. Fluorescently labelled FlagV1P and FlagV6P were hybridized with either C. jejuni strain 81–176, 81–176 flaA−flaB−, or C. jejuni strain 11168. (C) Fluorescence microscopy showing polyclonal anti-81–176 flagella binding to both strains, 81–176 and 11168. Representative fields of view are shown for all images at the same magnification, as indicated by the 5 µm bar. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4424572_Fig2_384528.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Highly-detailed rabbit bi-ventricular model. (a) Very high resolution ex-vivo MRI. (b) 3D rendering of the model showing a high level of anatomical detail. (c) Detail of tetrahedral finite-element mesh showing the papillary muscles (green) and chordae tendineae (blue). Adapted with permission from [46]. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4700030_Fig1_458849.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | A 38-year-old patient with histologically proven uterine fibroid. a Axial FS T2WI reveals a giant mass occupying the main body of uterine (arrowhead); b
D map shows reduced D value (2.138 ± 0.257 × 10−3 mm2/s); c
D* map displays increased D* value (12.28 ± 14.3 × 10−3 mm2/s); d
f map is 0.041 ± 0.041. (In this case, the signal decay curve generated by IVIM-DWI is shown in Fig. 4) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3835704_F5_245192.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Photomicrographs of the skin harvested from the paws of mice subjected to oxaliplatin (OXL)-induced neurotoxicity and treated with rutin (RUT) or quercetin (QT). The mice received two intravenous injections of OXL (1 mg/kg) per week for 4.5 weeks for a total of nine OXL injections. Rutin and quercetin (50 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally 30 min before every OXL administration. The control group received saline instead of rutin and quercetin. The figure shows hematoxylin-eosin staining (400× magnification). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic29541.jpg | what is abnormal in the angiogram? | coil embolization of a dialysis fistula |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4554316_F4_419042.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | a: Flaps sutured with No.3-0 silk. b: Post operative immediate radiographic view. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4406011_Fig4_379799.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. |
Postoperative chest radiograph. A chest radiograph taken 18 hours after surgery shows a massive hemothorax in the left lung. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4393572_Fig1_377362.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision |
Images of the left kidney tumor. (A) Ultrasonography showing a solid tumor in the left kidney. The tumor borders were clear, and the tumor measured 11 × 10 × 8 cm. We detected mixed echogenicity inside the tumor. (B) Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showing a solid tumor with clear borders and contrasted disproportionate, with no lymph node swelling or tumor embolism. (C) Magnetic resonance imaging (T2-weighted) showing necrosis and hemorrhage inside the tumor. The tumor was suspected to have originated from left kidney tissue (arrow; normal kidney). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2894780_F4_67878.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Abnormal sperm produced by high percentage XL169 chimaeric male mice. Spermatozoa were isolated from cauda epididymis of high percentage XL169 chimaeric males and analyzed by light microscopy (computer assisted sperm analysis equipment). Over 50% of all sperm displayed bent tails. Panels A - C: examples of sperm with bent tails. Panel D: example of sperm with an apparent normal morphology. Magnification, 40×. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3154331_pone-0023261-g005_104888.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Microscopic appearance of tissues from aging HAT- and TMPRSS11A-deficient mice.Representative examples of the histological appearance of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the skin (A–D), tongue (E–H), testis (I–L), glandular stomach (M–P), and trachea (Q–T) from 701–747 days-old Tmprss11a+/+ (A, E, I, M, and Q) and littermate Tmprss11a−/− (B, F, J, N, and R) mice, and from 671–678 days-old Tmprss11d+/+ (C, G, K, O, and S) and littermate Tmprss11d−/− (D, H, L, P, and T) mice. Inserts show higher magnification of boxed areas. Size bars in inserts are 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4481086_fig5_399978.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Example mammographic density segmentation. Images (digitised mammograms) from left to right are rated with BI-RADS 1–4, respectively. Fatty, semifatty (e.g., scattered fibroglandular tissue), semidense (e.g., heterogeneous dense tissue), and dense tissue are colour coded as navy, grey, yellow, and red, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4393229_pgen.1005115.g006_377298.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Ultrastructural analysis of embryonic motor neurons.WT (A) and Gdap1
-/-
(B-D) cultured embryonic MNs are shown. Medium and right panels show higher magnifications of frames of whole cell in left panels. N: nucleus; M: mitochondria; PS: perinuclear space; LD: lipid droplet; AV: autophagic vacuole; *: autophagolysosome; #: dilated endoplasmatic reticulum cisternae; arrowheads: endoplasmatic reticulum. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qs1f7f083203lg2dsi.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | Yes |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2292.jpg | Does hematoma show med artery with giant cells in wall containing crystalline material postoperative cardiac surgery thought to be silicon? | no |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4625866_Fig4_438889.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Double rows of ATP synthase in seven different species. Top row: slices of 3D volumes obtained by cryo-ET with rows of ATP synthase dimers. Insets show side views of the dimers in the membrane. Yellow arrowheads indicate F1 heads of one dimer. Scale bar = 50 nm. Bottom row: Surface representations of subtomogram averages. (Adapted from [17]) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4300865_F2_351530.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Microscope cross sections (a–f) and μ-XRF elemental maps (A–F) for Zn (red), Ca (green), and K (blue) of petioles collected from sunflowers subject to different foliar fertilizers. Cross-sections of leaf veins were cut from sunflower plants treated with (a, A) control, (b, B) CleanStart, (c, C) Kick-Off, (d, D) CleanStart + Kick-Off, (e, E) CleanStart + Kick-Off + GroZyme, and (f, F) ZnSO4, and then analyzed by μ-XRF imaging. Compositions of the nutrients in different treatments are shown in Table 1. Pixel brightness for μ-XRF map (A–F) is displayed in RGB, with the brightest spots corresponding to the highest element fluorescence. Scale bar: 500 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3356306_pone-0037469-g006_138687.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Region of interest for analysis of femur in goats and rats.
a. Three-dimensional histomorphometric analysis was performed on the cancellous bone area 1 to 1.5 mm distal to the growth plate in the distal femur of goats and rats. b. The 2 mm thick cortical bone area in the mid-shaft of the fresh femoral diaphysis in rats and goats. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2848782_F0008_61115.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | (a) Baseline smear (group C); (b, c) After 30 days, group C showed a microscopic picture comparable to that of groups A and B |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4016664_F3_287556.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | 18Fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) findings. FDG-PET showed strong uptake in the liver (arrow). No other abnormal uptake was observed. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2651623_pone-0004770-g002_35403.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Neuronal and non-neuronal striatal cells can be distinguished by their nuclear staining.Confocal section of a striatal slice doubly stained with the pan-neuronal marker NeuN (red) and the nuclear marker TO-PRO-3 (blue). Nuclei from non-neuronal celIs are small, compact, and diffusely and intensely stained with TO-PRO-3. In contrast, NeuN-positive cells (neurons) have bigger nuclei, with diffuse irregular light TO-PRO-3 staining containing clumps of intense fluorescence. Scale bar: 20 µm. Insets on the right panels are four examples (1–4) of nuclear morphology of non-neuronal cells. Scale bar: 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4316985_f3-etm-09-03-0992_355558.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Immunohistochemical staining for matrix metalloproteinase-1 in the placenta of a patient with mild preeclampsia. Magnification, ×400. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2330.jpg | What does this image show? | wrights very good example |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2714572_F0002_42031.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Frontal chest radiograph showing features of alveolar pulmonary edema. The findings include opacification of both lungs with increasing density towards the lung bases due to a combination of air space shadowing and pleural effusions, cardiomegaly, upper lobe blood diversion (unreliable on supine AP radiograph) and an air bronchogram in the right upper zone |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC1950886_F4_13288.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Echinus does not require deubiquitinating activity to promote normal IOC death. (A-D) SEMs of adult eyes of various genotypes. (E-H) Pupal retinas of various genotypes stained with anti-Dlg. (A,E) GMR-driven expression of a microRNA targeting ec-SF1 results in an echinus phenotype. (B,F) ecEPΔ4 eyes. (C,G) Eyes of genotype ecEPΔ4; GMR-ec-SF2/+. (D,H) Eyes of genotype ecEPΔ4; GMR-ec-SF3/+. Expression of versions of Echinus that lack essential USP catalytic residues rescues the ecEPΔ4 phenotype. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2347.jpg | What is present ? | hematologic |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3613077_fig3_195717.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | A 26-year-old man presenting with wrist pain after being assaulted. (a) Initial anteroposterior radiograph shows a subtle linear lucency within the scaphoid extending to the scaphocapitate articular surface that was overlooked (arrow). (b) Initial “scaphoid” view was negative. (c) Followup anteroposterior radiographs, 12 days later, shows obvious scaphoid fracture (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4141956_Fig2_315180.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. |
Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography images of pedicle classification determined by the inner cortical width. (a) Preoperative type I pedicle. (b) Postoperative type I pedicle. (c) Preoperative type IIa pedicle. (d) Postoperative type IIa pedicle. (e) Preoperative type IIb pedicle. (f) Postoperative type IIb pedicle. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2925271_fig2_71860.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Diffusion weighted MRI after thrombolysis showing left parietal hyperintensities. Areas of focal intensities were also identified in other location including the right cerebral hemisphere, consistent with embolic source as a likely cause of these bilateral and sporadic hyperintense lesions. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3261365_F1_122490.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | (A-C) Macroscopic and microscopic features of our patient's brain (post-mortem). (A) Left: hemi-midbrain showing pallor of the substantia nigra (between arrows); right: control midbrain showing normal pigmentation. (B) Severe neuronal loss, microvacuolation, and gliosis in the substantia nigra of affected hemi-midbrain. Macrophages containing neuromelanin pigment (arrows). (C) Numerous glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the internal capsule. Stain types: (B), hematoxylin and eosin; (C), α-synuclein immunohistochemistry. Bars: 100 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1249.jpg | What is present? | edema |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2661321_F9_36620.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Assessment of AVOs formation by acridine orange staining. BA induces autophagy in ADF cells. A representative example of acridine orange stained cells. Bright orange granules are evident in BA and CsA+BA treated cells. As specificity control, cells treated with 200 nM bafilomycin A1 (BAF) for 30 minutes before the addition of acridine orange do not show AVOs formation. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3224149_F3_116919.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Representative ultrathin sections through MCN. Electron micrographs showing representative myelinated axons in cross sections through intact MCN (A), and MCN stumps 2 months after their reconnection with the UN and intrathecal application of vehiculum (B), Cerebrolysin (C) and CNTF (D). Scale bars = 2 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1534051_F2_6447.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Transmission Electron microscopic evidence of neuronal apoptosis in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. The rabbit spinal cords were fixed by transcardial perfusion and removed at 48 h reperfusion, or operation for sham control and processed as described in Experimental Procedures. A, sham control (magnification × 10000); B-C, I/R control (magnification × 20000). I/R induced neuronal apoptosis, as demonstrated by specific morphological features. No apoptotic neurons were found in sham group sections. N, nucleus; nc, nucleolus; C, cytoplasm; M, mitochondria. Figures are representative of 3 separate experiments with similar results. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3443424_F1_155165.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | A 65-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast. On immunohistochemical study, ER and PR were negative. (A) ADC map shows ROI for measuring the mean ADC value. The calculated ADC value was 862 × 10-6 mm2/s, which was lower than mean ADC value (994 × 10-6 mm2/s). (B) Axial enhanced T1-weighted image after two minutes of contrast injection demonstrates a spiculated enhancing mass in the right breast. (C) FDG PET/CT image shows FDG uptake in the right breast with measured SUVmax as 7.3. ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; ER, estrogen receptor: FDG PET/CT, 18 F-fluorodeoxygluxose positron emission tomography/computed tomography; PR, progesterone receptor, ROI, region of interest |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3997860_fig3_283871.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | F/43Y, preoperative MRI scan with gadolinium showing a recurrent frontal glioblastoma (a–c). Intraoperative view: tumor resection under white (d) and blue (e) light. Intraoperative boundaries of surgical cavity at MRI navigation after resection under blue light (f-g). Postoperative MRI scan with gadolinium (h–j) showing the complete tumor resection and the postsurgical cavity roughly larger than tumor size at preoperative imaging. Histological report: recurrent glioblastoma (astrocytoma grade IV sec WHO). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2045117_F4_14491.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | The hot-spots are detected by HOTTOR algorithm in fMRI data (from [13]). Three slices are shown at different orientations and identifying significant altered activity in (A) the medial thalamus, (B) the right amygdala, (C) the head of the caudate nucleus and (D) the right retrosplenial cortex. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1187929_F1_2800.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | CT scan showing left adrenal gland tumor 10 cm in diameter, having homogenous intensity. No liver lesion is visualized. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4419681_F5_383350.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | BOLD responses overlaid on anatomical reference and averaged functional slices. Mid-sagittal slices of the reference anatomical scan (left) and central functional slices (right) are shown, as indicated by the dashed lines. Note the oblique coronal orientation of 3D-GRASE 2. The same statistical threshold was applied to all acquisitions (t > 3.0, p < 0.003 two-sided t-test on single voxel level, cluster threshold of 4 voxels). The position of the sagittal cut is shown on a transversal slice in the bottom left corner. The extent and orientation of the functional slices as well as the displayed slice position (dashed lines) are indicated by the colored boxes in the sagittal images. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3276373_f5_125193.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Immunohistochemistry of cultured BCECs on PCL 25 blend membrane. A: The expressions of cytoskeleton actin filament of BCECs at day 7 by confocal microscope. B: Correspondingly, the expressions of ZO-1 (green) at the margin of cells after 7 days. Scale bar=50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4186629_f4-ol-08-05-1925_325671.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Immunohistochemical staining revealed (A) S-100 positively stained sustentacular cells; and (B) nuclear-specific enolase, (C) synaptophysin and (D) chromogranin A positively stained cells. Scale bar: 50 μM; magnification, ×100. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4394442_ijms-16-04682-f005_377475.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Immunofluorescence double-staining of mice liver cryosections. Row A: Monoclonal antibody against FAT/CD36 (A
left, red), monoclonal antibody directed against F4/80 (A
middle, green) and merged FAT/CD36 and F4/80 (A
right); Row B: Monoclonal antibody against FAT/CD36 (B
left, red), monoclonal antibody directed against SMA (B
middle, green) and merged FAT/CD36 and SMA (B
right); Row C: Monoclonal anti-FAT/CD36 antibody (C
left, red), polyclonal antibody directed against CK19 (C, middle, green) and merged FAT/CD36 and CK19 (C
right). Nuclei staining was done with (DAPI). The insets show higher magnification. Results show the representative picture of three animals and six slides (original magnification, ×200). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0017.jpg | Does the pink acellular amyloid material show mild fatty change of liver cells? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4493814_Fig2_403655.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Immunohistochemistry staining for cytokeratins (M3515, clone AE1/AE3, Dako) in histologically negative lymph nodes of HNSCC patients. (A) Lymph node without evidence of metastases. (B) Lymph node with macrometastases. (C) Lymph node with micrometastases. (D) Lymph node with isolated tumor cells. A, B, and C: 40× magnification; D: 400× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4666041_Fig10_449127.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Double-labelling immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy in the substantia nigra in PD cases stages 4 and 5 to α-synuclein (b, e, h, k, n, q) and p54 (a), eIF3 (d), GRP78 (g), GRP94 (j), IRE1 (m), and XBP1 (p); c, f, i, l, o, r: merge. α-synuclein in Lewy bodies and neurites (red) only co-localizes with eIF3 (green). Paraffin sections, nuclei are stained with DRAQ5TM. a-f, bar = 35 μm; G-I, m-o, bar = 30 μm; j-l, p-r, bar = 20 μm |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3432362_fig2_152822.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | MRI abdomen with and without IV contrast. Multiple masses were scattered throughout the liver. The largest mass in right hepatic lobe measured 4.5 cm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3974855_ppat-1004056-g007_278640.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | The Vmp− mutant B. hermsii produces Vtp during its spirochetemia.Spirochetes in blood smears collected from mice infected with the wild-type (WT), Vmp− mutant or reconstituted (Vmp+R) strains were double-labeled with a rabbit anti-B. hermsii hyper-immune serum and a mouse anti-Vtp (A) or anti-Vlp7 (B) monoclonal antibody. The wild-type and Vmp+R spirochetes produced Vlp7 during the first spirochetemic peak in mice while the Vmp− mutant produced Vtp. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3960106_pone-0090451-g001_275286.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Double-immunofluorescence confocal micrographs showing the distribution of EGFP− and synaptophysin-LI in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial amygdaloid nucleus – posterodorsal part.(A–C) Single-channel confocal micrographs of double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry (C), displaying EGFP− (A), and synaptophysin-LI (B) in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. (D–F) Single-channel confocal micrographs of double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry (F), displaying EGFP− (D), and synaptophysin-LI (E) in the medial amygdaloid nucleus – posterodorsal part. In A–F, arrowheads point to double-labelled EGFP-ir nerve fibres/terminals and synaptophysin-LI. Scale bars: A = 10 µm, applies A–C; D = 10 µm, applies D–F. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0332.jpg | What has been stained with Prussian blue, an iron stain that highlights the abundant intracellular hemo-siderin? | the tissue |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3995087_f0005_282837.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Expression of Ppp2r2a correlates with pAKT activation, cJun dephosphorylation and interaction between Claudin-1 and Occludin during epidermal development. (A) Representative data from immunofluorescent analysis of Ppp2r2a, pSerAkt, and pcJun, and Claudin-1 and Zo-1 of E15.5 and E16.5 embryonic epidermis from 3 different embryos. (B) Representative data from a proximity ligation experiment between Occludin and Claudin-1 and Occludin and Zo-1 antibodies in triplicate embryos. A red dot indicates that the two proteins are within 40 nm of each other, suggestive of interaction. Bar (A and B) 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4532917_F5_413854.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Expression of WAT1::GUS and PIN5b::GUS is shifted to the proximal side of the abscission zone after shading of leaf blades. (A,D)
PtrPIN1b::GUS; (B,E)
PtrWAT1::GUS; (C,F)
PtrPIN5b::GUS. (A–C) axils of non-shaded leaf blades; (D–F) 9 days after shading started. Red arrowheads point to mature abscission zone. Scale bars, 1 mm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4216121_pone-0111639-g003_332092.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Representative TLR4 immunohistochemical staining in large (200× and 400× magnification) and small images (100× magnification).(A) Low immunostaining of TLR4 in invasive ductal breast carcinoma. (B) High immunostaining of TLR4 in invasive ductal breast carcinoma. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3261174_pone-0030117-g001_122439.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Confocal microscopic analysis of canineTLR5RP-YFP and canineTLR5RA-YFP.Transfected HEK 293 cells were cultured as described and analysed for fluorescence. Row A: Overlay of fluorescence of YFP conjugated to canineTLR5RP (yellow) and Hoechst stained nuclear fluorescence (blue); Row B: Overlay of fluorescence of YFP conjugated to canineTLR5RA (yellow) and Hoechst stained nuclear fluorescence (blue); Row C: Hoechst stained untransfected HEK 293 cell nuclear fluorescence (blue). Bar, 50 µm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3189867_F1_111266.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Aortic Pressure Waveform Regulates VSMC Alignment: (Top Panel) Strain profile used in this study. Control cells were not strained. (Bottom Panel) Control VSMC (A, C) and VSMC strained cyclically for 48 hours at 1 Hz, 10% (B, D). Representative wells in each experimental group were fluorometrically stained for assessment of intracellular actin (A, B). Arrows in panel B indicate the direction of the dominant strain vector. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2440756_F3_24821.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Two-dimensional echocardiogram, apical four-chamber view, colour Doppler. (a) Pre-operative: moderate to severe mitral regurgitation is present. (b) Postoperative: trivial mitral regurgitation is seen in the left atrium. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02475.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Longitudinal computed tomography scan of the patient’s abdomen with contrast enhancement taken in the axis of the portal vein showing extensive thrombosis involving the superior mesenteric, splenic and portal veins. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvb90fc074y862k88z9.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Gastroscopy |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3778221_Fig1_232674.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Preoperative radiographs (a–c) and postoperative radiographs (d–f) (Case 19). Anteroposterior radiograph (a) showing a small ossicle (5 mm in diameter). Varus stress radiograph (b) and anterior stress radiograph (c) showing no instability of the ankle. Anteroposterior radiograph (d) showing a ossicle excised. Varus stress radiograph (e) and anterior stress radiograph (f) showing no increase of ankle instability |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2684707_F3_38831.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Follow-up X-rays taken at 8 weeks (A) and 4 months (B) demonstrate a healed left acetabular fracture in anatomic position and indicate an early physeal closure with callus formation about the tri-radiate cartilage (arrow in panel B). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q31eff08320kg50b9m.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic22647.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | dermoid cyst (cystic teratoma) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3460488_F2_157894.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Cannula positions in the dorsal hippocampus. (A) A representative Nissl-stained section showing bilateral cannula tracks targeting the dorsal hippocampi. (B) Schematic illustration of the cannula-tip positions of all animals used in the current study. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4616836_F1_435894.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | MRI enhancement scanning of the pituitary before the first surgery showed pituitary macroadenoma and local expansion. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_31909.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Magnetic resonance imaging findings show an enlarged ligament with intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_23325.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | On the post contrast images, there is a 1.8 × 2.9 × 1.6 cm (AP × transverse × craniocaudad) aneurysm with incomplete wall calcification originating from cavernous portion of the left internal carotid artery. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4375636_f0005_372029.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | (Left column) original sections of different levels on a premature brain; (middle) enhanced MRI after pre-processing; and (right) the white matter region automatically detected. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2254427_F2_18157.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Bilateral mild to moderate hydroureteronephrosis was noted, and the left kidney appeared markedly atrophic. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3231850_fig7_118394.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Representative light microscopic findings in glomeruli, renal tubules, interstitium, and vasculature. Upper panel: HS alone, glomerulus, renal tubules, interstitium, and renal artery (left→aright). Lower panel: HS + Epl 100 mg-kg−1d−1;, glomerulus, renal tubules, interstitium, and renal artery (left→right). High salt alone group shows excess mesangium and decreased capillary lumen in glomerulus, dilated tubules filled with proteinaceous materials, subendothelial fibrinoid material and endothelial proliferation in renal artery, and interstitium infiltration with mononuclear inflammatory cells. HS + Epl 100 mg-kg−1d−1 group exhibits normal appearance of glomerulus, decreased dilation and proteinaceous content in renal tubules, normal vascular appearance, and no infiltration with mononuclear inflammatory cells in interstitium (color figure available online). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3878800_F3_255933.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Aorta for evidence of VSMC phenotype change by performing immunochemistry. Expression of CathepsinK (A-C), OPG (D-F), RANKL (G-I), TRAP (J-L), Runx2 (M-O), and Osteocalcin (P-R) were detected in the aortic tunica media of normal, CRF and 2%La treatment rats. Arrows indicate positively stained action. All sections were of the thoracic aorta region. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4032024_fig6_291230.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | (a) Photograph of the overall view of the absorbing surface of the OFC specimen after 1000 cycles with a total power of 550 W. (b) Photograph of the overall view of the absorbing surface of Glidcop specimen for comparison after 75 cycles with 650 W, 160 times with 600 W, and 265 cycles with 550 W. (c) Field-emission scanning electron microscopy photograph of the area around the centre of (a) at 1000× magnification. (d) Photograph of micro-structural observation at the A–A cross section shown in (a). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_14053.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Initial brain MRI T1-WI axial plane of a patient with ephedrone encephalopathy: symmetrically high intensity signal in globi pallidi (globus pallidus to frontal lobe white matter signal intensity ratio is ca. 152%). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3616993_F5_196752.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Subtype analysis of GNE myopathy muscle fibres without structural abnormalities. A subtype analysis of the serial stainings from Figure 3 was performed in all GNE myopathy samples. A) A representative fibre appearing normal by H&E staining (black arrow, left micrograph) displays overexpresssion of αB-crystallin per immunohistochemical staining (white arrow, right micrograph). B) A representative fibre appearing normal by H&E staining (black arrow, left micrograph) displays overexpresssion of iNOS per immunohistochemical staining (white arrow, right micrograph). C) Quantitative analysis of serial stainings in all GNE myopathy subjects reveals that αB-crystallin and iNOS are the most prevalent markers in normal appearing muscle fibers (data presented as mean plus SEM). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2366065_pone-0002167-g002_21814.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Fluorescence in situ hybridization with 45S rDNA as the probe shows that 45S rDNAs (green) are the sites of chromosome lesions in meristematic cells of root tips in diploid Lolium perenne cv. Player.The number of lesion sites varys in different cells from 0 to 6 due to the existence of multiple 45S rDNA sites. The left panel A1–G1: black layers and the right panel A2–G2: color images by merging red layers and green layers. Arrows indicate lesion sites. Bar = 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4650435_fig8_445328.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Infusion of BM-MSCs regulated autophagic activity of pancreatic β cells in T2D rats. (a) LAMP2 expression in β cells was assessed by immunofluorescence analysis. Scale bar, 100 μm. (b) β-Cell apoptosis was detected using TUNEL assay by immunofluorescence analysis according to the presence of insulin- (red) and TUNEL-positive (green) cells. Scale bar, 50 μm. (c and d) TEM analysis showed ultrastructural changes in pancreatic β cells. Blue arrows, autophagosomes; yellow arrows, autolysosomes; red arrows, insulin granules. Scale bar, 2 μm (c), 0.5 μm (d). Magnification: × 15 000 (c), × 40 000 (d). n=10 rats per group |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4225147_F0001_334465.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Radiography of the spine revealed parrot's peak appearance (Pedro Pons’ sign) at the anterior superior end of the L3 vertebra which is characterized by osteosclerosis and osteophyte (A, arrows). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after the administration of gadolinium revealed L2-L3 epiduritis, an erosive change of the anterior portion of L4 and L5, abnormal signal change with enhancement in T12, L2, L3, L5 and S1 body with probable spondylodiscitis in L2/L3 and L5/S1 levels (B). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qb1en308327234ecbo.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4081577_pone-0101233-g008_303428.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Proteoglycan distributions in loaded and unloaded discs.Discs were cultured for 14 days unloaded (A–D) or loaded (E–H), without (A, B, E and F) or with trypsin-induced degeneration (C, D, G and H). The discs were evaluated by histology using Safranin O staining. A, C, E and G are show overviews of the NP region at low magnification. B, D, F and H represent a higher magnification of the boxed areas. Scale bars, 100 and 200 µm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qf1etj0832chsq1c4g.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3615000_pone-0059146-g005_196249.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner |
Behemotops katsuiei histological and microanatomical features (rib and vertebra: AMP 22).A–D, mid-shaft section of 8th rib. A, whole section. B, cortex in natural light (NL); periphery of the bone at the top. LZB; lamellar zonal bone. HS; Haversian system. C, detail of the LZB in NL. PO; primary osteons. D, trabeculae in the core of the section in polarized light (PL). E–F, 2nd lumbar vertebra. E, virtual mid-sagittal section of the centrum. F, transverse section. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3665545_F6_207216.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Ultrasonographic assessment and time of anatomical recovery following adductor longus ruptures 1 (AR 1) and 2 (AR 2). AR 1 (2 weeks): White arrow (Insertion), Snip of torn proximal adductor longus tendon, Haematoma, Distracted muscle. AR 2 (2 weeks): White arrow (Insertion), Distracted muscle, Fluid / Haematoma. AR 1 (6 weeks): Distracted muscle, Calcification, Fluid. AR 2 (6 weeks): Calcifications, Fluid. AR 1 (10 weeks): Distracted muscle, Calcification, Fluid. AR 2 (10 weeks): Calcifications. AR 1 (18 weeks): Calcification. AR 2 (26 weeks): Calcification. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3614750_F6_196114.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Computed Tomography (portal venous phase images) showing small segmental splenic infarcts (10-20% volume). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4114603_f2-ol-08-03-1279_309597.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Case 1: Bilateral ovarian cysts. Transvaginal ultrasonography examination at admission showed a right multilocular ovarian cyst (85×40 mm) and a left multiloculated mass (65×46 mm). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2774669_F4_50270.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | HET-s IBs structure before (left panel) and after 30 min of proteinase K digestion (central and right panel) as monitored by transmission electronic microscopy. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4216685_fig1_332252.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | (a) CT scan of abdomen with contrast showed thickening of omentum and increased attenuation of the mesenteric fat (arrows) which overall is concerning peritoneal lymphomatosis. (b) H&E of omental biopsy with infiltration by small blast forms (×20). (c) Immunohistochemical stain for PAX-5 showed nuclear positivity in blast forms (×20). (d) Immunohistochemical stain for TdT showed nuclear positivity in blast forms (×40). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxun8zko074y606k6otj.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Oesophagitis |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4359109_pone.0118565.g001_367315.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Healthy and Tranzschelia discolor infected plant.In comparison to healthy plant (A), during biotropich relationship, infected plant displays plethoric vegetation with robust leaf stems and curly leaf lamina. Flowering is strongly repressed. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3940942_F3_271127.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Network construction from a NB biopsy image. (A) Gomori staining to visualize Ret F and nuclei from the NB biopsy. (B) Combination of nuclei (green) and Ret F mark-up images obtained from (A). The white circumference represents the region of interest processed in (C). (C) Each nucleus (green) is taken as a seed to build a Voronoi diagram (red) of Voronoi cells. This allows the creation of a network of cell-to-cell contacts (black lines) that can be used to extract topological characteristics of the tissue. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4157549_F9_318690.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Immunohistochemical and western blot analysis of the hepatic expressions of collagen type I (A–C) and macrophages [CD68 (D–H)] in fibrosis [4 weeks of CCl4 in mice (A,D,G)] and in livers undergoing resolution [after cessation of CCl4 administration, resolution (B,E,H)]. **p < 0.01, #p < 0.1. Magnifications: 40× (A–E) and 200× (G,H). N = 6/group. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2890657_F2_67115.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Macroscopic aspect of liver and functional hepatic tests. A, a) a representative image a normal rat liver, b and c shows a recovered hepatic smooth texture in animals treated with the combinatorial gene therapy at 8 and 10 days, respectively, as compared with irrelevant gene therapy (e and f), d) shows a control fibrotic liver injected with saline. Histograms in B, show a significative tendency to normal values of hepatic functional tests (ALT and AST). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3310715_F2_131161.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Coronal computed tomography images depicting the appendiceal duplication (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3487740_F3_163434.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | On MRI this expansive lesion with low signal in T1 WI and high signal in T2 WI conditioned left root compression and enhanced after gadolinium injection. These features suggest the diagnosis of a malignant lesion, most probably a metastasis. Arrow indicating the lesion. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3283645_pone-0031320-g005_126738.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Fluorescent images of (A) WT NEB-1 cells and (B) EBS mutant (R125P) K14 KEB-7 keratinocytes undergoing incremental uniaxial strain.The average cell strain is depicted in the top (A) or the bottom (B) of each panel. Both cell lines were subjected to stretch, then fixed and permeabilized and stained with the anti-K14 (LL001, Santa Cruz) monoclonal antibody. The cytokeratin networks of the EBS cells withstood extreme cellular strains of 133% and there was no evidence of intermediate filament bundle rupture or the development of keratin aggregates. Arrowheads indicate wavy K14 intermediate filaments. Scale bar = 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4099992_RRT234F3_306342.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Morphologic observation. (A) Representative gross findings. Mice were sacrificed at the indicated timepoints after irradiation, 4% buffered paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was instilled via the trachea, and the lungs were immersed in fixation solution for several days. Lungs were photographed after complete fixation. (B) Hematoxylin–eosin-stained lung sections from a minimum of three mice were examined at each timepoint. Representative images of the major findings are shown. The arrows indicate the injury area (magnification: ×12.5). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2014.jpg | Does this image show renal pelvis, squamous metaplasia due to chronic urolithiasis? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3430489_figure3_152155.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Primary lung cancer. Patient #14. Lung cancer in the right lower lobe as detected by (a) CT (TP CT) and (b) PET/CT did not reveal increased FDG uptake (FN PET/CT). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4383452_pone.0123395.g002_374621.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Typical scanning electron micrographs (magnification 5000×): (a) raw diatom frustules, (b) functionalized diatom frustules. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3795327_F3_237135.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Task related BOLD increases for correct trials in the Informed/Linguistic session relative to the non-linguistic session for all subcomponents of the task. Only areas surviving a p < 0.05(corrected) cluster level threshold are shown on the mean normalized anatomical image from all twelve subjects. The Visual cue (V) period is shown in red, the Delay (D) period is green and the Auditory (A) target period is shown in red. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3574755_fig7_186075.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Seborrheic keratosis dermoscopy: (a) cerebriform pattern (brain-like appearance) and (b) fingerprint-like and cerebriform structures in the same lesion. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic39327.jpg | what is abnormal in the mri? | vertebral basilar artery dissection with pontine infarct |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic30762.jpg | what organ system is visualized? | musculoskeletal |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2890595_F1_67044.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | cpnA- cells are arrested in the slug stage of development. Wild-type (A) and cpnA- (C) Dictyostelium cells were plated on black filters at 5 × 107 cells/mL in starvation buffer and developed for 48 hours. Images were taken using a Leica dissecting microscope at 40× magnification (scale bar = 0.5 mm). Wild-type (B) and cpnA- (D) stalk structures were removed from the filters, placed in glass bottom dishes, and imaged using a Nikon fluorescence microscope at 1000× (B) and 600× (D) magnification with DIC optics (scale bar = 40 μm). |
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