image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic33273.jpg | what plane is this film | axial |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3693170_fig1_213879.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Axial CT scans of bilateral permanent three-rooted mandibular first molars. (a) Coronal section, (b) pulp-chamber section, (c) coronal-third root section, (d) mid-root section, and (e) apical-third root section. Arrows indicate bilateral extra DL roots. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3827131_pone-0080077-g008_242781.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Depletion of endogenously expressed XveloSV protein by anti sense (AS) DNA oligos.Stage VI oocytes were co-injected with Cy5-nanos1 RNA and 11 ng of the indicated AS-oligo. Following culture in OCM for 48 hours, oocytes were fixed, and stained with purified anti XveloSV antibodies using an Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated secondary antibody. The germ plasm region was then examined by confocal microscopy. The co-injected AS-oligo is indicated in each panel. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4170788_fig2_321729.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Microscopic characteristic of differentiated PC12 lines. (a) Morphological changes induced by differentiation with 1 mM db-cAMP. The morphology was analyzed with an Olympus CK-40 inverted microscope and images were captured using a CCD camera. Scale bar 10 μm. (b) Evaluation of mitochondrial mass with MitoTracker Green TM in fixed cells using TCS S5 confocal microscope. Scale bar 20 μm. (c) Representative micrographs of cell ultrastructure at 105.000x magnification with mitochondria marked with asterisks. Control: mock-transfected PC12, _2: PMCA2-reduced PC12, and _3: PMCA3-reduced PC12. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_13629.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Preoperative axial computed tomography demonstrating areas of thickening and sclerosis in the left sphenoid sinus. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2847132_F0001_60782.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | a) Periodontal probing depth was 8 mm mesially; b) Probing depth of 6 mm labially; c) Probing depth of 7.5 mm distally; d) A periapical radiograph showed a widening of the periodontal ligament space in the periapical area with an infrabony defect on the mesial aspect |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3478262_pone-0045003-g007_161620.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Immunoelectron microscopy of the M. tuberculosis H37Ra cells using anti–Rv0132c antiserum.Electron micrographs are shown in which thin cryo–sectioned Mtb cells are (A) treated with preimmune serum, and (B) treated with anti-Rv0132c antisera at a dilution of 1/200. The gold particles (indicated by arrowheads) are present mainly on the periphery of the cells in panel B, but are absent from the control panel (A). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_27844.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | MRI revealing a well-circumscribed heterogenic mass posterior and inferior to the left kidney, extending into the left retroperitoneal space sized 9.5 × 4 × 4 cm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3527600_pone-0052699-g008_174525.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Enhanced intraretinal revascularizaiton into the ischemic retina in MMP-12 KO mice.
A). Representative retinal fluorescein angiographic images demonstrating enhanced retinal re-vascularization in MMP-12 KO mice compared with WT OIR mice from P17 to P20 (3-5 mice in each group). B). Higher magnification images of retinal angiograph at P19. C). Quantification of avascular area in retinas from WT and MMP-12 KO mice with OIR at P17-P20. Results were expressed as mean ± SD, n = 4. MMP-12 KO mice had significantly smaller area of avascular retina when compared to WT mice (P<0.01). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv7907c074y8xvo3g7g.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Gastroscopy |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3580927_fig11_187703.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | DWI and MR Perfusion. A patient with severe left-sided and moderate right-sided vasospasm demonstrates diffuse hyperintense signal in the posterior parietal lobe as well as a midbrain lesion on DWI (a), while MR Perfusion shows normal rCBV (b), low rCBF (c), and increased tMTT (d) in the left MCA region. This clearly demonstrates the diffusion-perfusion mismatch phenomenon. Originally published in [16]. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3431877_f4-ijms-13-10553_152630.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | In-solution electron microscopy (EM) of lysozyme crystals stained with phosphotungstic acid solution. A lysozyme crystal on the ASEM dish was directly monitored using an optical microscopy (OM) (a,d). Crystals were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid (PTA). Low-magnification ASEM images (b) correspond well to OM images (a), except a missing crystal on the right of (b), due to washing. A crystal indicated by an arrow (b) is further magnified (c). At higher magnification, the internal structure can be observed (f). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3206830_F1_113948.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Carotid artery calcification detected by multi-detector computed tomography at the initiation of hemodialysis was seen at the origin of the bilateral internal carotid arteries and left external carotid artery (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3332209_fig1_134618.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | (a) Increased IgG4-positive cells with a high IgG4+/IgG+ ratio. (b) IgG+ cells from corresponding hotspot (immunohistochemistry, 400x original magnification). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3759923_f6-ijms-14-16515_228704.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Two-month-old sedc/sedc mice show detectable metachromasia within the enlarged PCS (B) compared with +/+ mice (A). Electron microscopy revealed a non-fibrillar amorphous material within the enlarged PCS (D). Images were captured at 40× magnification (Bar = 20 μm) for light microscopy (A, B) and 2100× (Bar = 2 μm) for electron microscopy (C,D). Notably, sedc/sedc chrondrocytes show significantly elongated cytoplasmic processes (CP) compared with +/+ mice. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4032110_fig6s1_291287.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Electron micrographs of interphase nuclei from Ki-67 RNAi cells.Three major components of the nucleolus are recognised: Fibrillar centres (FC), dense fibrillar component (DFC), and granular component (GC). Scale bar 2 μm.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01641.016 |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic22904.jpg | what organ system is shown in the image? | musculoskeletal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3520851_F7_172300.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Tamoxifen-inducible recombination in double transgenic CaMKIIα-CreERT2/CAG-loxP.EGFP rats. Brain slices were immunostained for (A,D,G) Cre recombinase or (B,C,E,F,H,I) EGFP expression. Tamoxifen (+Tx)-induced EGFP (B,E,H) expression mirrors Cre expression (A,D,G), whereas uninduced animals (-Tx) only show low background recombination (C,F,I). (J-O) Brain slices of tamoxifen-induced CaMKIIα-CreERT2/CAG-loxP.EGFP rats were double-stained for NeuN and EGFP. Co-localization of EGFP and NeuN demonstrated successful Cre-mediated recombination in neurons of the cortex (L) and the CA1 region of the hippocampus (O). Scale bars: J-l 100 μm, M-O 50 μm. EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3128121_ppat-1002107-g003_101237.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Oxalic acid modulates the host redox environment.Transgenic redox sensitive GFP Nicotiana benthamiana leaves from line 2 were infiltrated by a needle-less syringe with (A) 10 mM KOA pH 7, (B) 10 mM KOA pH 3, (C) 10 mM HCl, or (D) 10 mM DTT. Four hours post-infiltration, leaves were visualized under a 474 nm filter for observation of the reduced form of the roGFP. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_30564.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Ultrasonogram of the reticulum. Ultrasonogram of the reticulum of a 37-day-old Swiss Braunvieh calf with ruminal drinking syndrome. The 5.0-MHz linear transducer was held parallel to the sternum in the left lower thoracic area. The reticular content appears heterogeneous and echoic and the honeycomb-like structure of the mucosa can be seen. 1 Abdominal wall, 2 Spleen, 3 Reticular wall, 4 Reticular content, 5 Honeycomb-like structure of the mucosa, Cr Cranial, Cd Caudal. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2946290_F4_74792.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | DIF-1 suppressed VEGF-induced angiogenesis in Matrigel plug. VEGF-containing Matrigel was injected subcutaneously into the flanks of 6-week old C57/BL6 mice. Seven days later, Matrigel plug was extracted and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining (A-D) and immunofluorescence staining using PECAM-1(CD31) (E-H) (Higher magnification of the boxed areas in A, C, E and G are shown in B, D, F and H, respectively). The scale bars indicate 500 μm. (I) The expression of PECAM-1 (CD31) was analyzed with fluorescence microscopy and expressed as the strength of fluorescence in Matrigel-plug (mean ± SE) of three independent experiments. The asterisk indicates *P < 0.05 versus control. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4015846_F5_287198.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of a 24 hour biofilm of
A. pleuropneumoniae
strain MBHPP147 expressing GFP grown on SJPL cells and stained with Phalloidin-AlexaFluor 594 and WGA-AlexaFluor 633. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3785910_fig2558_234308.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | A-D: Surgical Technique for Application of Orthopedic Dual Sliding Compression Plate |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2577.jpg | Is atrophy secondary to pituitectomy present? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4141956_Fig2_315177.jpg | What is shown in this image? |
Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography images of pedicle classification determined by the inner cortical width. (a) Preoperative type I pedicle. (b) Postoperative type I pedicle. (c) Preoperative type IIa pedicle. (d) Postoperative type IIa pedicle. (e) Preoperative type IIb pedicle. (f) Postoperative type IIb pedicle. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4445353_F1_390015.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | The cellular pharmacokinetic profile of hypericin in RINm5F insulinoma cellsRepresentative live-cell confocal images (rows 2 and 4) and corresponding transmission images (rows 1 and 3) were acquired at indicated time points from cells exposed to 100 nM hypericin. Hypericin fluorescence became detectable in the plasma membrane and sub-plasma membrane region within 20 min and then appeared in the cytoplasm. Hypericin fluorescence in cells reached its maximum brightness in ~1 h. The experiments were repeated six times. Bar=10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2075530_fig3_14855.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | EGFP fluorescence in PbMC1-KO parasites. (A) Female gametocyte. (B) Ookinete. (C) Day 15 oocysts containing sporozoites. DIC, differential interference contrast. (D) Sporozoites inside an infected mosquito salivary gland. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3101733_F0003_96793.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Biopsy of floor of mouth. Fibroconnective tissue with neoplastic glands (hematoxylin and eosin, ×10) |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05644.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Spiral computed tomography scan shows left lung opacity and lesion. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3904682_F1_261955.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Initial chest radiograph of the patient. (PA view) showing a giant bulla (increased hyperlucent zone) of the left apex (A). HRCT showing axial (B) and sagittal (C) image (lung window) with a big lucent area without real definable walls. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4049756_f1-ol-07-06-1975_295917.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Imaging and pathological findings of the solitary fibrous tumor in Case 1. (A) A well-circumscribed mass with homogenous enhancement measuring ~2 cm in diameter was detected in the soft palate on an enhanced computed tomography scan. (B) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained section of tumor showing storiform or fascicular pattern (original magnification, ×200). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4190977_fig8_326610.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Radiographic views of Case 3. CBCT images at (a, c) pretreatment and (b, d) 6 months postoperatively. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4057353_pone-0100080-g003_297930.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Retinal imaging and OCT reflectivity profile in gerbils.Native fundus image at 514(A). Using fluorescein angiography a characteristic ramification of the capillary net along the visual streak can be observed (B). OCT scan through the visual streak reveals changes in the layering in comparison to the rest of the retina (C). OCT reflectivity profile from 10 longitudinal adjacent lines at the level of the visual streak and correlation to the retinal layers (D). Overlay of the OCT reflectivity profiles extracted from the visual streak (blue) versus the non visual streak regions (grey) (E). Histological work-up showing structural differences between the visual streak (blue) and other retinal areas (grey) (F). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3813430_pone-0078332-g009_240045.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Digitized images of dorsal hippocampus showing similarities in the volume of this region between the different experimental groups.Schematic drawing obtained from Paxinos and Watson's Atlas. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl9s437071u1hztcqh4.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3355043_F8_138438.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | fMRI with 60% sensitivity during the 100 mAmp electrical stimulation one month after cardiac arrest showed the activation of the right thalamus and left cerebellar cortex. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3355446_f1-sensors-12-04870_138652.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Factors affecting the ground vibration signal: characteristics of transmission medium between geophone and flow path. The transmission medium can be bedrock (a) or colluvium (b). The location of geophones is indicated by a circle; while the flow direction, is expressed by an arrow. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic45683.jpg | what organ system is shown in this x-ray? | lung, mediastinum, pleura |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4414004_Fig1_381805.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | A barium enema image showing rectosigmoid stenosis but no mucosal abnormalities. Arrows show locations of stenosis. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic53528.jpg | what organ is this mri showing? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4490621_Fig4_402666.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Aberration in myelination was observed in HSP27-S135F mice. Toluidine blue staining showed normal myelination in normal mice (a) and demyelination in HSP27-S135F mice (b). Scale bar = 20 μM. c. Distribution of diameter of myelinated axon demonstrated that the proportion of large (>15 μm) myelinated fibers are reduced in HSP27-S135F mice. **, p < 0.01. Electron microscopy demonstrated normal pattern in normal mice (d) and abnormal myelination in transgenic mice (e-g). Magnifications: (d) and (e), x 1000; (f) and (g), x 4000 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3262622_fig6_122735.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | In situ zymography of kidneys from db/db and db/+ mice. Kidney sections from db/+ mice (Db/+) and db/db mice (Db/Db) were subjected to in situ zymography. Sections were either incubated without inhibitors (Control), in the presence of 20 mmol/L EDTA (EDTA), or with both 20 mmol/L EDTA and 1 mmol/L Pefabloc (EDTA + Pefabloc). Areas with gelatinolytic activity are shown as green fluorescence. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Magnification is 400x. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3682965_pone-0066863-g003_211383.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Histopathological examination of a skin biopsy.(A) Normal epidermis and appendages in healthy control samples (H&E staining). (B) Hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and irregular stratum basale, few sweat glands, hair follicles and sebaceous glands in the CIPA patient's samples (H&E staining). (C, D) NSE immunoreactivity stains of control and CIPA patient's sections. Arrow indicates the area with positive staining. (Immunohistochemical staining, Bar = 100 µm) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3626684_pone-0061619-g006_198587.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | The effect of NUCB21–83 on osteoclastogenesis of RAW 264.7 measured by TRAP staining.RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in the presence of RANKL (50 ng/mL) for 5 days with or without NUCB21–83 and stained for TRAP using leukocyte acid phosphatase kit. TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were visualized under light microscopy. (A,B) control group just with α-MEM (C,D) RANKL (E,F) RANKL and NUCB21–83. B, D, F were taken at 1000× magnification. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3628916_fig-3_199098.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | 3D segmented surface models of the bronchial trees of Crocodylus niloticus demonstrating the position of the caudal expansion of the caudal saccular regions of the primary bronchi within the lung, all in dorsal view. (A) The translucent lung surface and bronchial tree of NNC9; (B) the bronchial tree of NNC9; (C) the bronchial tree of NNC5; (D) the bronchial tree of NNC6. Abbreviations: CVB, cervical ventral bronchus; CSS, caudal sac-like structure; D2-D7, dorsobronchus 2-7; Ls, lung surface; Pb, primary bronchus. Bronchial trees are not to scale relative to one another. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_49500.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Post-contrast sagittal T1-weighted sequence in a 49-year-old woman with a long-standing palpable lump demonstrates a pronounced hyperostotic focus within the left parietal bone with the bulk protruding extracranially. Immediately below the bone lesion there is a thin sheet of homogenously enhancing extra-axial soft tissue (arrow) consistent with an en plaque meningioma that was proved at surgery |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3344836_pone-0036049-g002_136669.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | mESC-derived MNs form cholinergic synapses with muscle cells in vitro.Immunofluorescence analysis of proteins expressed at nerve terminals of mESC-derived MNs. The three columns show: (A, D, G, J, M, P) brightfield images of axon terminals contacting muscle cells; (B, E, H, K, N, Q) green fluorescence associated with the Hb9::EGFP MN reporter; (C, F, I, L, O, R) red fluorescence corresponding to antibody staining for the indicated presynaptic proteins: Slc18a3 (VAChT), Slc5a7 (ChT1), Syntaxin 1a (Stx1a), Snap25, Sv2, and Synaptophysin (Syp). Scale bar is 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2945357_F4_74641.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | In vivo imaging of zebrafish retinal development using the coumarin derivatives. Zebrafish larvae at 1 dpf (A and B), 2 dpf (C and D) and 3 dpf (E and F) were stained with BODEC (A, C and E) or DIBPBC (B, D and F). After the staining, the retinas were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The development of the retinal structures is clearly visualized. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4449544_F2_391355.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Photographic images of flowers from double-flowered varieties of S. dioica. (A) Flore Pleno, (B) Rosea Plena, (C) Thelma Kay, (D) Firefly, in comparison to (E) wild-type male and (F) wild-type female (F). Scale bars =1cm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3987032_ijerph-11-03233-f001_281209.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Images of S. aureus cells using microscopy in ambient light: (A) Micrographs of cells with resistance to metal ions (a) non-resistant strain of S. aureus; (b) RCd; (c) RPb. Parameters were as follows: Device: Microscopy; Volume: 5 μL; Zoom: 1600×; Ambient light; Exp.t.: 32.05 ms; ISO 200; Resolution: 4800 × 3600. (B) Micrographs of cells with resistance to metal ions after the application of antibiotics (50 µM): (a) penicillin; (b) streptomycin; (c) ampicillin; (d) tetracycline on non-resistant strain of S. aureus; (e) penicillin (f) streptomycin (g) ampicillin (h) tetracycline on RCd; or (i) penicillin (j) streptomycin (k) ampicillin (l) tetracycline on RPb. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3308131_F3_130808.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Time-course of tumour progressing in micro-CT of a single SPC-raf transgenic animal (No.2; months 2-13). Axial slice orientation in corresponding positions. The multifocal tumour progression is clearly depicted. Histology at 13 months shows distinctive tumour burden in corresponding areas. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2935449_pbio-1000471-g002_73004.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Localization of S. pombe DUBs.Cells producing DUBs endogenously tagged at their C-termini with GFP and/or mildly overexpressing N-terminal GFP fusions from the weak nmt81 promoter (indicated by GFP before their name) were grown to mid-log phase at 25°C and imaged by confocal microscopy. S. pombe DUBs localize (A) exclusively to the nucleus, (B) to the nuclear envelope, (C) both to the nucleus and cytoplasm, (D) both to the nucleus and specific cytoplasmic structures, (E) exclusively to specific cytoplasmic structures (arrows denote localization to septa), or (F) diffusely in the cytoplasm. Bar: 5 µm for all panels. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3011103_F0002_82509.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | (a) Vertebral artery angiography showing a dissecting aneurysm distal to the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery; (b) Non-subtracted angiography showing the two stents in-situ; (c) Post-PED insertion angiography in arterial phase showing partial aneurysm thrombosis; (d) Post-PED insertion angiography in the venous phase showing contrast stasis; (e) Six-month follow up MR angiography showing complete occlusion of the aneurysm and preservation of flow to the left vertebral artery. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3862493_pone-0081388-g002_251770.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Whole schematic flowchart of WM network construction, (1) brain extraction, (2) DTI preprocessing and diffusion tensor model estimation, (3) white matter fiber tracking, (4) co-registration T1W image with non-diffusion-weighted b0 image, (5) mapping T1W image to ICBM152 template and warping the AAL atlas to native DTI space, (6) structural connectivity mapping and connectivity matrix generation, (7) weighted WM network construction. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4392480_Fig1_376918.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image |
Human glioma stem cell spheres SHG-139S derived from SHG-139 after culture in NSCM. A: SHG-139 at the 20th generation, light microscope (×400); B, C: SHG-139S, derived from SHG-139 at the 1st and 10th generations, light microscopy (×200); D-F: In DMEM/F12 medium without EGF, bFGF and fetal bovine serum, SHG-139s cells were adherent, cell morphology changes at 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, light microscope (×200). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3575495_pone-0057090-g006_186297.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Time-lapse video microscopy of the association of C. trachomatis inclusion with the Golgi apparatus during the early stages of the developmental cycle.Selected merged frames from Video S1 acquired every 30 minutes by time-lapse video microscopy of HeLa cells transiently transfected with a YFP-Golgi construct (yellow) and infected with C. trachomatis expressing mCherry under the control of the incD promoter (red). The first frame corresponds to 10 h post infection. The time (hours: minutes) is indicated in the upper right corner of each frame. Scale Bar: 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3748735_fig1_225833.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Magnetic resonance angiography in Takayasu arteritis. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiogram revealing the extent of arterial disease in a young woman with Takayasu arteritis. The left subclavian artery is occluded (arrow) and this has led to collateral formation. There is a long stenosis in the left common carotid artery (arrowhead). The lower thoracic and abdominal aorta is narrow and irregular down to the aortic bifurcation (star). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4435221_sensors-15-05609-f006_387275.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Individual UAV images collected with the multispectral (1) and the visible-light (2) cameras at: 40 m (A); and 100 m (B) altitude. The yellow squares serve to compare the area covered by the images from each camera at both flight altitudes. The sunlight effect (light spot) observed in 1-B and 2-B were minimized after applying vegetation indices (see Section 2.3). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwywdojk086ufrt7geh4.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2613893_F2_32088.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Subepidermal bullae. Dermis shows perivascular inflammatory infiltrates containing eosinophils and neutrophils (HE, original magnification ×100). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzbdozo086u48f73cek.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3621614_F5_197645.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Ultra-structural micrograph of seminiferous tubule portion of diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of Dracaena arborea (500 mg/kg). Observations from this group are similar and even most important compared to the heahthy control group. Basement membrane (Bm) of the seminiferous tubule; cell of lamellated connective tissue (Cc); spermatogonium (Sg); Sertoli cell (Se); primary spermatocyte (SpI); secondary spermatocyte (SpII); spermatid (St); nucleus (N); mitochondria (m); flagellae of sperm cells (f). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_09628.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Sagittal reformatted CT scan in a 15-year-old adult patient with cleidocranial dysplasia showed defective ossification of the sella turcica and the clivus. In addition, it showed that the entirety of the skull base and most of the sphenoid bone and the clivus are cartilaginous, while the remainder of the cranial vault underwent defective membranous ossification. The odontoid is hypoplastic, and there was agenesis of the anterior arch of the atlas. Also note the severe ossification defects of the anterior and the posterior fontanels respectively. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4489862_pone.0131654.g004_402288.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Between-group statistical maps of the N200 components' grey matter current densities, with the permutation method (p<0.05).Top panel (4A-C): healthy controls vs. PD patients (4A: standard N200, 4B: distracter N200, 4C: target N200). Bottom panel (4D-F): PD patients vs. healthy controls (4D: standard N2, 4E: distracter N2, 4F: target N2). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2904385_pone-0011576-g008_68781.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | HIF-1 activation in kidneys of mice infected with S. aureus.(A) HIF 1α immunohistochemistry and (B) hematoxilin-eosin staining of renal mouse abscesses induced by intravenous infection with S. aureus seven days upon infection (following sections). HIF 1α positive nuclei are most abundant within the abscesses borders, some interstitial staining also occurs within the renal parenchyma. In addition, renal tubules in the vicinity of the abscess stain also positively (halfed arrow in B). A: arcuate artery, G: glomerulus, V: arcuate vein; arrowheads: margin of abscesses. Magnifications: (A) 250×, (B) 100×. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4615854_fig6_435362.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Immunohistochemical staining. Representative images of the immunohistochemical staining of BDNF, p-Akt, Bcl-2, and Bax in area CA1 of the hippocampus. Cells with a brown-stained cytoplasm are considered positive. Sham, sham-operated group; VaD, VaD model group; Cb H, C. butyricum- (1 × 108 CFU-) treated group; Cb M, C. butyricum- (1 × 107 CFU-) treated group; and Cb L, C. butyricum- (1 × 106 CFU-) treated group. Magnification: 400x. Scale bar = 20 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3548740_F2_179904.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Subcellular localization of Sl-ERFs. ERF.B.1, ERF.D.1, ERF.E.1 and ERF.H.1 proteins were fused to the YFP (Yellow Fluorescent Protein) in the N-terminal region and the chimerical proteins were transiently expressed in BY-2 tobacco protoplasts under the control of the 35S promoter. Subcellular localization was then analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The merged pictures of the yellow fluorescence channel (middle panels) and the corresponding bright field (left panels) are shown (right panels). Control cells expressing YFP alone are shown in the top panel. The scale bar indicates 10 μm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic48181.jpg | which plane is this image in? | lateral |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3933520_fig1_269199.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | 84-year-old male with presacral myelolipoma. Sagittal (a) and axial ((b), (c)) contrast-enhanced CT images show the presacral mass, spanning from S3 to S5. It presented lobulated contours and a heterogeneous appearance, due to an admixture of soft-tissue and fat elements. The latter had attenuation values of about −40 HU. The mass was located in the retrorectal space and adhered to the sacrum, posteriorly. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3173453_F3_108521.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Identification of Pax7-positive cells in longissimus dorsi muscle by immunofluorescence staining. Longissimus tissue sections were stained with fluorescent antibodies Pax7 (green) and laminin (red) at 135 d of gestation, respectively. A-D are the same frozen section stained with the two different fluorescent antibodies (400×). The corresponding antigens in muscle are indicated by an arrow (Pax7) and an arrowhead (laminin). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/inside_pancreas/train_2486.jpg | Does this image show pancreatic fat necrosis? | yes |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic21333.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | cavernous malformation (cavernous angioma) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3039565_F3_87275.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Immunohistochemical staining of protein expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) in aortic tissues. A and F: the negative controls of AT1R and AT2R for the immunohistochemistry, respectively, showing no positive staining. B and G: the regular diet group; C and H: the cholesterol-rich diet plus methylthiouracil (80 mg/Kg/day) group; D and I: group with cholesterol-rich diet plus methylthiouracil and rosiglitazone treatment. Rosiglitazone treatment markedly attenuated AT1R immunoreactivity induced by the cholesterol-rich diet plus methylthiouracil (D), while increased AT2R immunoreactivity (I). (Magnification: 400×). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwybdnz4086ufr8f5xlu.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Red, Pink |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4491201_Fig1_402804.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Preoperative gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) of the thoracic spine. a MRI in the coronal orientation, b MRI in the sagittal orientation, and c MRI in the axial orientation showing an intradural extramedullary tumor with dural tail sign located on the left and dorsal sides at the T10-T11 level, compressing the spinal cord severely. d Sagittal reconstruction CT shows extensive peripheral calcification of the tumor |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0671.jpg | Do cohesive tumor in retina heal with scarring? | no |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_28366.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Normal cardiac situs; The fetal stomach (ST) is seen on the left. The descending aorta (Ao) is anterior and to the left of the fetal spine. The inferior vena cava is anterior and to the right of the aorta. (These figures are sequential views commencing with views of the cardiac situs (inferior) and ending with the “three vessel view” in the superior mediastinum) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4093644_F1F_305332.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Two years follow-up intraoral radiograph |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3853341_F3_249477.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Effect of chamber gas pressure on imaging of cell wall outlines in critical point dried A. thaliana rosette leaf. BSE (A,C,E,G) and SE (B,D,F,H) images were collected from the same area of a single leaf, at 10 (A, B), 50 (C, D), 100 (E, F), and 200 Pa (G, H) chamber pressure, respectively. Brightness and contrast levels were not changed for BSE images. Accelerating voltage 20 kV. Scale bar = 60 μm (A–H, bar shown in H). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4065392_F8_300287.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Phase contrast micrograph depicting morphological divergence in A. terreus accessory conidia produced during colonization of potato cv. Kufri Jyoti leaf by 96 h after inoculation. (A) The pathogen hyphae forms interconnected protuberance either club-shaped at 1000X, (B) ellipsoidal at 1000X, (C) lateral arising accessory conidia at 800X and opposing accessory conidia at 1000X (indicated by arrows). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4228420_F2_335311.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Main window interface. In this example, a mouse brain tumor study is displayed: GL261 glioblastoma (see also the Results section). The main window interface is shown before the ROI has been selected. In the right side of the window, the RCE image is drawn with a “rainbow” color palette. The DCE-MRI image is drawn with “black & white” color palette in the central part. The Upper slides allow changing the current time frame and Z-slice. Other tabs, such as zoom options, ROI selection options, parametric selection and initial constants, are grouped in the left side of the main window interface. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4569380_pone.0138600.g002_423331.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (A): Axial T2W MRI brain of a symptomatic subject (II-9) demonstrates cerebral atrophy.There are confluent hyperintense lesions in the periventricular, subcortical, deep white matter and thalamus, with (B) infra-tentorial and anterior temporal lobe involvement. 3(C): Axial T2W MRI brain of an asymptomatic subject (II-6) demonstrates more discreet deep white matter and periventricular lesions. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4578748_fig2_425630.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | CT scan shows simultaneous cervical and lumbar spine fractures and dislocations at the level of C6-C7 ((a) and (b)) and L1 ((c) and (d)). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic36318.jpg | in what plane was this image taken? | axial |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3637639_F2_201483.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | RIC-3 increases whole cell and cell surface expression of α-Bgt binding sites. Spectral confocal microscopy images of α-Bgt binding assays using Alexa 648 α-Bgt (Fl-Bgt) and performed under nonpermeabilizing conditions (A, B, C, D) without RIC-3, or (E, F, G, H) with RIC-3 (1:1 to α7), and permeabilizing conditions (I, J, K, L) without RIC-3 and (M, N, O, P) with RIC-3 (1:1 to α7). Emission signals from α7-Cerulean, α7-Venus, Fl-Bgt binding sites and the merged α7-Venus / Fl-Bgt images are shown for each corresponding cell. RIC-3 increases surface and intracellular α-Bgt binding sites. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3756041_pone-0073128-g001_227864.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Weill Cornell LINCL Ophthalmic Severity Score 1.
A. Dilated fundus photograph of patient 14 showing normal appearing optic nerve, vessels and fovea. B. Mid-phase FA and C. ICGA of patient 20 appear normal. D. SD-OCT of the same patient demonstrates normal retinal architecture without disruption of the outer retina. FA – fluorescein angiogram, ICGA - indocyanine green angiogram, SD-OCT – spectral domain optical coherence tomography. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4010541_pone-0096586-g004_286092.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Images of three prostate cancer cell lines transfected with Cy-3-labeled AR siRNA observed using fluorescence microscopy.Red fluorescence in the cytoplasm indicates that the Cy3-labeled AR siRNA was successfully transfected (400× magnification). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2610372_f1_31843.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Phenotyping by means of fundus autofluorescence imaging. Fundus autofluorescence images obtained with a cSLO (Heidelberg retina angiograph, HRA 2, Heidelberg Engineering, Dossenheim, Germany) according to a standard operating procedure. Left: Patient diagnosed with Stargardt's macular dystrophy (age, 17 years); right: patient diagnosed with atrophic AMD (GA) and a fundus autofluorescence pattern "diffuse-fine granular with peripheral punctate spots" according to Bindewald et al. [34] (age: 71 years). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3146819_F1_103976.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Overlay on a MRI showing the loss of FP-CIT binding bilaterally in the striatum (cluster of 6819 voxels, peaks at coordinates: 28 -8 -4 and at -31 -8 -4) (left in the figure) and increased FP-CIT binding in the locus coeruleus area (cluster of 37 voxels, peak at coordinates: 2 -36 -26) (right in the figure) of the whole group of PD patients compared to controls. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4436118_Fig6_387444.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Confirmation that MCT1 can be detected in Circulating Tumour Cells (CTC) isolated from Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) patients utilising the new immunofluorescence method developed in the present study. The gallery contains representative CTC harvested from 2 different patients. Operating parameters and identification of the 4 single channels and the composite are as defined in Figure 4. MCT1 staining in the 4th channel is represented by heightened areas of fluorescence within the CTC cell membrane; diffuse staining seen in the cytoplasm can be described as a non-specific to MCT1. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyddo2o086u6014e4yc.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glrs4vn071u7yachvbo.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3925174_pone-0088940-g002_267189.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Selected dipole clusters in three-dimensional Talairach space.ICA and dipole fitting yielded multiple regions related to reading. Within each horizontal slice, individual participants’ ICs are represented by blue dots. Red dots are the cluster centroids; for each cluster the average residual variance of included ICs is less than 6.5% (see Table 1). The indicated z-coordinates are those of the cluster centroids (red dots). vOT ventral occipito-temporal cortex; AG angular gyrus; STG superior temporal gyrus; IFG inferior frontal gyrus; d dorsal; v ventral. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3770619_pone-0075766-g005_231128.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | PP1Ba and PP1Bb assemble myosin phosphatase complexes that regulate the actin cytoskeleton.HeLa cells were transfected with either GFP alone (A, B), zebrafish Mypt1 (1-300) and GFP (C, D), zebrafish GFP-PP1Ba (E, F), zebrafish GFP-PP1Bb (G,H), Wild-type Mypt1 and PP1Ba (I, J), wild-type Mypt1 and PP1Bb (K, L). All cells were fixed and stained with DAPI and Alexa 568-phalloidin and imaged with confocal microscopy. Black and white images show phalloidin staining, while color images are a merge of DAPI (blue), GFP (green) and phalloidin (red). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_29815.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Contrast-enhanced CT during the arterial phase showed a large hyperdense structure in the tail of the pancreas with extensive enhanced peripheral areas. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3599385_F2_192337.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Leaf shape in WT, an mutants and rescued lines. The first pair of rosette leaves in the an-1 mutant (A), the an-2 mutant (B), the an-2 35S::YFP:AN #2 line (C), the an-2 35S::YFP:AN #4 line (D), the doq-1 mutant (E), the an-EM1 mutant (F), WT Ler (G) and WT Col-0 (H). Scale bars: 1.5 mm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4218818_pone-0111785-g001_332482.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Histology segmentation and computational modeling.We segmented histologic cross-sections of human coronary arteries stained with Movat's pentachrome (A) in order to determine their composition (B) on a lesion-specific basis. Based on staining color, we identified whether tissues were fibrous, cellular, lipid/necrotic core, or calcified. We also traced the lumen and external border using an implementation of the Live Wire algorithm [12]. We computed and mapped the relative distribution of Von Mises stress and strain for each lesion. Shown here are stress (C) and strain (D) maps, displayed as excursion (normalized difference from the median). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2584657_F2_30330.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Lower limb angiogram showing the presence of a large aneurysm in the posterior tibial artery with normal surrounding leg arteries and branches. No angiographical evidence of atherosclerotic disease. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3004412_fig8_81687.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Comparison of real clinical data experiment. Top-Left: HR T1 data. Top-Right: LR FLAIR volume. Bottom-left: B-Spline reconstruction. Bottom-right: reconstruction using the proposed method. In each case a close-up of the coronal slice is presented to better show how the proposed method provides a less blurry reconstruction. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4524749_FIG6_411805.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis showing patchy calcification and ossification with peripheral sclerosis of the tumor, indicating improvement after denosumab therapy (Case #2). |
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