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splits/subfolder_5/PMC3941953_F1_271354.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | A: CT scans showing the tumor at diagnosis right hydronephrosis is also present; scans after 4 courses of CT, demonstrating partial response to therapy; C: recurrence of the tumor after six months from stop therapy. CT at diagnosis (A), after chemotherapy (B) and at relapse (C). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2861670_pone-0010418-g008_63175.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Hypoplastic and Hypofunctional Kidney in Human Lrp4 Mutations.CT scan reveals a severely hypoplastic kidney on the right and mild hypoplasia on the left side (a–d). Both kidneys are ectopic with caudal and lateral shifts (a–d). Dynamic-static renal scintigraphy with Tc-99m DTPA suggest right kidney dysfunction (e). Global renal functional participation; right kidney 26% and left kidney 74%. Static renal cortical scintigraphy with Tc-99m DMSA background activity of radiopharmaceutical is higher than expected (f). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_66381.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Image of esophagogastroduodenal transit with barium showing a barium filled saccular structure (yellow arrow), in the second portion of the duodenum extending to the third portion, surrounded by a radiolucent line which corresponded to the true duodenal lumen. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4586613_ijerph-12-10314-f006_428006.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Contamination levels of dug wells in Douala (Cameroon).The colour of the water points refers to the highest level of coliform contamination of the water samples found with the MBS method. Black spots mean high contamination by coliform (>100 CFU/mL). Grey spots mean low coliform contamination (between 1 and 100 CFU/mL). White spots mean no coliform presence. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3441739_pone-0045271-g002_154737.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Types of intracranial hemorrhagic complications encountered in bacterial meningitis patients.Intraparenchymal hemorrhage in left parietal lobe (I); hemorrhagic infarction (II); subarachnoidal hemorrhage (III); micro-hemorrhages (IV, arrow depicts location of hemorrhage; MRI-gradient echo); Abscess formation and subsequent hemorrhagic transformation; panel V depicts MRI T-1 with gadolinium, and a CT-scan 5 days later). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2270857_F2_19503.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | CT scan of the abdomen showing enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes and infiltration of both kidneys with hypodense masses compatible with lymphomatous involvement. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4616271_F1_435453.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Slices of fluorodeoxyglucose PET combined with computed tomography (A: CT; B: PET; C: fusion of PET/CT). Besides a splenomegaly (yellow asterisk) a very intensive uptake was measured in nearly all lymph node stations. In particular, pathologic [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose accumulation was detected in cervical, axillary, mediastinal, paraaortic, and inguinal lymph nodes (red asterisks) as well as in the tongue, thyroid, and lung (MIP–PET). CT = computed tomography, MIP = maximum intensity projection, PET = positron emission tomography. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic18872.jpg | what is most alarming about this x-ray? | paget disease of bone |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4081365_f2-ol-08-02-0849_303301.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Left lower abdomen metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma. Hemotoxylin and eosin staining. Magnification; (A) ×200 and (B) ×400. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2121127_pone-0001349-g002_15216.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | The influence of medium on neural differentiation profile in nestin transgenic ES cell clones.The differentiation pattern in nes-EGFP cells as seen in bright field and fluorescence at 8 dpp and 10 dpp in KO (A,B and C,D) and FBS containing (E,F and G) medium respectively. The neural differentiation was promoted in KO medium (A–D) compared to that in serum containing one (E–G). RA expedited the process with better differentiation in respective media (B, D and G). While the neural progenitors were EGFP+, the mature ones with extensive processes were EGFP− (H) corresponding with the endogenous nestin expression pattern. Scale: 30 µM. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic60487.jpg | is this a t1 weighted image? | no |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4578837_fig2_425697.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | SEM images of control (resorbable blasting media) and test (anodic oxidised RBM) surfaces. Low power views: magnification 200x. High power views: magnification 3000x. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3414741_F1_148930.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Transaxial18 F-FDG PET, CT, and combined18F-FDG PET/CT images at the site of induced osteomyelitis. In the three groups of animals with S. aureus (52/52A/80), S. epidermidis (ATCC 35983), or S. epidermidis (T-54580) inoculum. In each animal, the left tibia (on the right) was infected, and the contralateral intact bone (on the left) served as the control. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1779360_F1_8624.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | A. Endoscopic ultrasound showing the metastatic mass in the left lobe of liver with an aspirating fine needle in it. B. Electron micrograph showing clusters of spherical shape and homogenous, medium electron dense zymogen granules in the cytoplasm (arrows). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3605352_F3_193806.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Immunofuorescent analysis of 4-1BBL expression on the colorectal tumor tissues of rats. The expression of GFP and 4-1BBL in the colorectal tumor tissues from different groups of rats was characterized by immunofuorescent assays using anti-4-1BBL (red) and anti-GFP (green) antibodies and examining under a confocal microscopy. Data shown are representative images of different groups of rats (n = 4 for the PBS group, n = 5 for other groups) from three separate experiments. (A) The PBS group; (B) The SL3261 group; (C) The SL3261C group; (D) The SL3261R group. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3683619_F2_211792.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | (A) A late-succession boreal forest site in Northern Sweden with an open canopy and a moss-dominated understory. Mosses, in particular feather mosses like Pleurozium schreberi and Hylocomium splendens, cover 70–100% of the ground in boreal forests. Photo by K. Rousk. (B) A section of a Pleurozium schreberi-leaf at ×100 magnification under an UV-fluorescence microscope. Coiled chains of Nostoc spp. are seen in bright red. The moss-cyanobacteria association is assumed to be mutualistic, however, no attempts have been made so far to identify the relationship moss and cyanobacteria share. Photo by K. Rousk. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4290611_F3_349979.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Subcellular localization of GFP-tagged POLA2 wild type and mutant G583R proteins. HEK 293 cells were transfected with GFP-fused proteins (green) as indicated and treated with anti-GFP followed by Alexa 488 (green) to stain the proteins and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue) to stain the nuclei and then examined by laser fluorescence confocal microscopy. The fields shown were visualized independently at the appropriate wavelength for anti-GFP (488 nm) and DAPI (405 nm), and then the two images were merged. Magnification: 63×. Scale bar is 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4141338_Fig8_314870.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Contrast-enhanced axial CT image (a) in a 16-year-old patient with progressive dyspnea and absent left upper extremity pulse shows a focus of smooth narrowing and aneurysmal dilatation of the left main pulmonary artery (arrow). Late venous phase axial MR image from a 3D GRE acquisition (b) shows delayed enhancement of an aneurysmal left pulmonary artery branch (arrow). Also note the wall enhancement of descending thoracic aorta (arrowhead) consistent with vasculitis. These findings are suggestive of Takayasu arteritis |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2938635_F0002_73503.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Pre-operative intraoral photograph showing absence of both upper and lower alveolus and complete anodontia |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2915960_F11_70670.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Possible sarcoma, pleura/lung. Positive IR for Podoplanin nearly only in lymphatic endothelium. Biopsy, 200×. Pat. no. 5. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4620831_F2_437546.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Contrast-enhanced computed tomography images from after the completion of bevacizumab/paclitaxel/carboplatin therapy in 2014. Metastatic lesions were replaced by visible cavitations in S7 (arrows indicate cavitations; (A), which subsequently disappeared (B and C). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4265689_fig3_344590.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Cerebral angiography. Venous phase image of the right internal carotid artery shows a tubular filling defect within the superficial cortical vein of Trolard (arrow) and engorgement of the surrounding venules, suggestive of thrombosis of the vein of Trolard. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3116458_F12_99126.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | The four-chamber transthoracic echocardiogram shows reversed off-setting of the leaflets of the mitral and tricuspid valves. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glcs487071u563nd6ui.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3474221_fig1_160850.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Long-cone periapical radiographs showing the left 1(a) and right 1(b) mandibular premolars. Well-demarcated periapical radiolucencies can be seen associated with the first premolar teeth bilaterally. The white arrows indicate radiolucent “invaginations” on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4590953_fig4_429069.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | CT of the chest before and after Ivacaftor. Two representative chest CT slices of patient number 4 ((a) and (b), 16-year-old male) at the same anatomic region before and after Ivacaftor therapy. They demonstrate decreased mucus impaction in the latter scan despite the continued presence of bronchiectasis. Decreased mucus impaction probably explains improved lung function (Figures 2 and 3) despite irreversible nature of bronchiectasis. In the bottom panels ((c) and (d)) are the chest CT of another patient (14-year-old female) who already had established bronchiectasis in the peripheral airways before Ivacaftor (c) which has been resolved 18 months after Ivacaftor therapy (d). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1664.jpg | What is present? | metastatic carcinoma |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4249955_pone-0113707-g001_340578.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Representative Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) of Rabbit Knees from Weeks Two through Eight Post-Surgery.Upper panels: Representative T2-FI3D-we-sag sequence MRI showing cartilage defects on the medial femoral condyles and tibial plateaus. Arrows indicate cartilage thickening (grade one) at week two post-surgery, cartilage edema or thickening with an intact surface (grades one to two) at week four post-surgery, and loss of cartilage (grades three to four) at week eight post-surgery. Lower panels: Representative sagittal spoiled gradient sequence MRI of femoral condyles, trochlea, and tibial plateaus showing the evolution of subchondral bone hypersignal from weeks two through eight post-surgery. A, anterior; P, posterior; circles indicate lesion areas (mm). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3415139_fig3_149097.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Fundus photographes of both eyes, one month after cataract surgery of the second eye. (a) Left eye. (b) Right eye. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3883636_pone-0083279-g003_257079.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Exploratory subanalysis investigating the relationship between NLR normalization and 18FDG-PET SUVmax in patients treated with a molecularly targeted IMP (n = 8).
Panel A: Waterfall plot showing individual metabolic responses in patients with normalized versus persistently elevated NLR following treatment. Panel B: Representative PET-CT fused axial images obtained at screening and after 8 weeks of treatment with an oral targeted agent. In patient 1 a 15% reduction of SUVmax in the region of interest is associated with NLR normalization following treatment. In patient 2 metabolic progression of disease, with a 40% increase in SUVmax is associated with worsening of the NLR at the time of disease reassessment. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4350455_Fig3_364291.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you |
BV2 cell culture exposed to CD11b immunofluorescent staining over time. A-G Immunofluorescent staining of no-treatment control cells at 2, 4, 6 8, 10, 16 and 24 h, respectively. H-N Staining of cells exposed to the IL-4 treatment at 2, 4, 6, 8 10, 16 and 24 h, respectively. Images were taken with approximately the same cell confluency at a magnification of 60× and show a higher density of processes in the no treatment control compared to the IL-4-treated cells until 16 h. Arrow indicates extended processes seen on the untreated BV2 cells at 6 h. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic38757.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | gastrointestinal stromal tumor |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4019898_F3_288243.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of right submandibular salivary gland shows neoplastic mesothelial cells positive for calretinin (A) and normal acinar glandular cells (B). Immunocytochemistry, Fast red N.4. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_23428.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Neurofibromatosis Type 2. A 34-year-old man with mild hearing loss in the left ear. Cerebral magnetic resonance. Sagittal postcontrast T1-weighted image shows an enhancing midline mass (arrow) within the posterior fossa. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34371.jpg | which organ is captured by this ct scan? | lung, mediastinum, pleura |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2219959_F2_16873.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | CT scan showing the tumor extensions. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3384250_F5_142896.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | AFM topography images of SH-SY5Y cells. A) control cells without MNPs, B) cells incubated with 25 µgmL-1 MNP-PEI and C) MNP-PEI-PEG over 1) 1 h, 2) 4 h, 3) 24 h and 4) 72 h. Cells were fixed after incubation and AFM imaging was performed in air using a RTESPA tip of spring constant 40 N/m, carrying out 896 scans/line at a scan rate of 0.32 Hz and 1.102 V amplitude. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3875529_pone-0084284-g004_254819.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Distribution of the 5-MeC foci (green fluorescence) and 45S rDNA loci (red fluorescence) on interphase and prometaphase chromosomes J. curcas.
A: interphase; B–C: prophase; All chromosomes were counterstained with DAPI. Scale bars = 5 µm. The yellow arrows indicated the stronger signals of 45S rDNA and the white arrows indicated the weaker signals of 45S rDNA. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4598671_jfb-06-00564-f003_431199.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | 3D projections of tubular scaffolds showing the lateral cross sections and internal architectures: (a) PLA-PVAc; (b) PLA-15% β-TCP, and (c) PLA-30% β-TCP. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3970149_viruses-06-01253-f003_277463.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Live cell and confocal microscopy of the subcellular localization of fluorescent fusion proteins: AcGFP, AcGFP-N, AcGFP-NR1, AcGFP-NR2, AcGFP-NR3, AcGFP-NR1+2, and AcGFP-NR2+3 proteins. Vero cells were visualized 24 h post-transfection in culture conditions. Confocal analysis of the subcellular localization of AcGFP, AcGFP-N, AcGFP-NR1, AcGFP-NR2, AcGFP-NR3, AcGFP-NR1+2, and AcGFP-NR2+3 proteins in cells co-expressing B23.1-DsRed, at 24 h post-transfection. The PEDV fusion peptides are colored green and the B23.1 fusion protein colored red. Merged images are also presented. The nucleolus (No) is arrowed where appropriate. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4342507_Fig5_362872.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Angiographically obstructed but angioscopically unobstructed coronary segment in a patient with unstable angina. A Coronary angiography (CAG) showing proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery (arrow). A-1 Angioscopic image of the angiographically obstructed segment (arrow in A). The segment was composed of disrupted plaque but a residual lumen existed (arrow). A-2 After injection of Evans blue (EB), the residual lumen stained blue, indicating that it was obstructed with a transparent fibrin thrombus (arrow). Reproduced from ref. [14•], with permission |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3742259_f11-ijms-14-14550_224472.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Prussian blue staining of rat tail tissues with IV injected carboxylate@MNP particles: (a) CA@MNP at 20x; and (b) PAA@MNP at 20x magnification; (c) and (d) are the 40× magnification of the selected areas of (a) and (b). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2836177_fig1_58760.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Chest radiographs (a) at presentation in GUCH clinic and (b) after several weeks of antibiotic treatment. Right pulmonary venous obstruction is suggested by the presence of dilated venules, Kerley lines and fluid in the fissures, all more obvious after the consolidation was treated. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvf90ls074y982vbdvi.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Oesophagitis |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2913526_fig1_70358.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | (a) Axial T2-weighted half-fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) MRI image demonstrating a faint area of high signal in the area of the gallbladder fossa (arrow) adjacent to the second part of the duodenum (arrowhead). The radiological appearances are suggestive of a small contracted gallbladder. Although with the absence of a recognisable cystic duct, a surface haemangioma is a possible differential diagnosis. (b) T2 weighted coronal MRI image with fat suppression demonstrating a normal calibre extrahepatic biliary ducts (arrow). Note the absence of any cystic duct. Normal appearance of the pancreatic duct (arrowhead). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2987763_F1_78756.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | MRI imaging. A T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence was used for quantification of lateral ventricular volume (A: control, B: 2W kaolin). Twenty-two contiguous T2-weighted axial slices were acquired in interleaved order, as shown in C. For quantification of water diffusion, four different regions of interest (cortex (yellow), periventricular (red), periaqueductal (purple) and CSF (green)) were drawn, using the b = 0 images, and apparent diffusion coefficient values were calculated for each ROI (D). In addition, T1-weighted pre (E) and post (F) contrast images were acquired. Blood brain barrier integrity was determined by subtraction of pre-contrast images from post-contrast images (G). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_24627.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Fibrosarcoma. Anteroposterior radiograph of the tibia shows multiple osteolytic lesions in the upper shaft. The borders are ill-defined and there is cortical destruction. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4571102_BIO20148615F2_423944.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Erg6p-RFP and GFP-Ypt7p in the GFP-YPT7/ERG6-RFP strain partly co-localize. Cells were grown in YNB low C/N and observed at the early stationary phase. (A) Epifluorescence microscopy. (B) Confocal fluorescence microscopy. GFP-Ypt7p highlights the vacuolar membranes (green rings). Erg6p-RFP is targeted to LDs which appear as small red spots. LDs can also be seen as small spheres in relief mainly close to the vacuole in DIC images. Differential interference contrast, DIC. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwy9dnug086u9wwld50l.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2923169_F1_71404.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | MRI performed a few days after injury. (a) The transverse fat suppressed proton density turbo spin echo (TSE) and (b) the coronal short tau inversion recovery (STIR) images, show the hematoma formation in the quadratus femoris muscle (arrows) extending to the obturator internus muscle (open arrows). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4057925_F2_298177.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Radiographic examination of the abdomen. (a) Abdominal radiograph showed air-fluid levels and the endoscopy capsule (arrow) in the right lower quadrant. Oral contrast computed tomography showed (b) intestinal edema (arrows) and ascites (*) and (c) a high density object in the enteric cavity (arrow) and proximal intestinal dilation (arrowhead). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3506987_F2_168713.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Photomicrograph of the medial superior olivary nucleus (MSO) in a fetus of the control group died at 28 gestational weeks. Panel (B), the boxed area of (A) at higher magnification, shows a thick group of round immature neurons. Klüver–Barrera stain. Magnification: (A) 10×; (B) 40×. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3708936_pone-0068224-g010_217486.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | NAC mediated prevention of STE-induced damage of microtubule structure in HepG2 and A549 cells.Microtubules of the HepG2 and A549 cells were probed with mouse monoclonal rhodamine or FITC tagged anti-α-tubulin antibody as before and images were taken by confocal microscope for STE-untreated samples (A,D,J,G), STE-treated samples (B,E,H,K) and NAC-pretreated-then STE-treated samples (C,F,I,L). Details of the experiments are described in ‘Methods’ section. The results represent the best of data collected from three experiments with similar results. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3629173_pone-0061140-g002_199431.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Representative aortic CT and PET/CT images of the atherosclerotic rabbits before and after pharmacological triggering.A1 and B1, Representative aortic images of CT angiogram before and after pharmacological triggering (respectively). A2 and B2, Representative aortic PET/CT fused images before and after pharmacological triggering (respectively). Luminal stenosis and irregularities on CT angiogram and evident FDG uptake on PET/CT images. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2360315_fig2_21157.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Cellular localisation of active TGF-β1 in gastric cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of gastric carcinomas (sequential frozen sections). Staining pattern for active TGF-β1 (A) corresponds to phospho-smad-2 staining (B). Inserts B1 and B2 show nuclear localisation (arrowheads) of p-smad-2 in the myofibroblasts and malignant cells, respectively. As shown by staining for pan-cytokeratin (C, epithelial marker), vimentin (Vim, D, mesenchymal marker) and SMA (E, smooth muscle/myofibroblast marker), TGF-β1 activity is observed in malignant cells and in Vim+/SMA+ cells (myofibroblasts). Magnification × 200, -B1–B2 × 630. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3788796_pone-0075488-g001_235255.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Transmission electron micrographs of negatively stained calcein-containing DOPC LUVs treated with peptides.
A. Untreated DOPC:DOPG LUVs, magnification 36,000×, scale bar 500 nm; B. DOPC:DOPG LUVs treated with PuroA, magnification 40,000×, scale bar 200 nm; C. DOPC:DOPG LUVs treated with PuroA, magnification 25,000×, scale bar 200 nm; D. DOPC:DOPG LUVs treated with Pina-M, magnification 30,000×, scale bar 200 nm; E. Untreated DOPC LUVs, magnification 50,000×, scale bar 200 nm; F. DOPC LUVs treated with Pina-M, magnification 50,000×, scale bar 200 nm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1929122_F1_12404.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Volumetric MRI and coregistered FDG-PET: (a) MRI Extracted whole brain is segmented into (b) MRI right and left cerebral hemispheres, in turn thresholded into (c) MRI right and left cerebral cortices. Coregistration of the (d) FDG-PET whole brain allows accurate anatomical definition on the metabolic studies of, for example, (e) FDG-PET right and left cerebral hemispheres and (f) FDG-PET right and left cerebral cortices. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4691467_fig2_456590.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | X-ray findings show some calcified nodular lesions on the right wrist joint. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2936339_F6_73112.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Representative pictures of immunohistochemical stainings for Tie2, VEGF, HIF1α and CD105 in healthy liver, 20W DEN (tumour tissue) and 30W DEN (tumour tissue). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3106620_F1_97614.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | DCE images 5, 10 and 15min in one patient with myocarditis (upper row) and in one other patient with myocardial infarction (lower row). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3413419_f5_148718.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Family with variant lattice corneal dystrophy (novel mutation R542P). A, B: An 87-year-old female (proband), relatively thick lattice lines (white arrow) that extended from limbus to limbus in the superficial and deep stromal layers. C: A 55-year-old male (daughter of proband), lattice lines discrete in the superficial stroma of the central cornea. D, E: Histopathology (proband, 40× and 100×, respectively), Congo red-positive deposits in almost an entire corneal stroma layer. F: DNA sequence analysis of the TGFBI gene (upper) and a heterozygous point mutation, CCC→CGC (c.1625 C>G: Pro542Arg in exon 12) in codon 542 (bottom). G: Pedigree, heterozygous P542R mutation in the proband and her two daughters. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3699552_pone-0069263-g004_215265.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Representative SEM images of the salmeterol blend containing a fine carrier at different mixing times.Mixing times are given in minutes. Magnifications on the right hand side are taken from the images on the left hand side. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4442169_OPENHRT2014000234F5_389159.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | CT coronary angiography images of a heavily calcified left anterior descending artery. The blooming artifact from such heavily calcified plaque can lead to differences in observer classification of stenosis severity. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3434187_pone-0044735-g006_153363.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | C834 enhances the vacuolar targeting and degradation of PIN2-GFP in the dark.Four-day-old seedlings expressing PIN1-GFP, PIN2-GFP, PIN3-GFP, PIN4-GFP or PIN7-GFP were transferred to either DMSO or 55 μM C834 for 18 h in the light (A–D, I–N) or the dark (E–H, O–T). All images of each marker were taken at the same microscope settings. Bar = 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1634861_F1_7626.jpg | What is shown in this image? | The CT scan showed the irregular hypodense lesion with fat stranding nearby the cecum without obvious enlarged lymph nodes. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46664.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | The PET-CT revealed that the tumor had a heterogeneous metabolic behavior, with a SUV max of 4.83 g/mL. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06747.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | T2-weighted MRI shows a high intensity mass (black and white arrows). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3492268_pone-0049277-g002_164588.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Intracellular retention of SCL-DOX in HT-29 cells.HT-29 cells were first incubated with 2 µg/mL free DOX or equivalent SCL-DOX for 24 h. After two washes with PBS to remove the drugs, cells were cultured in fresh full culture medium followed by imaging serially at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 24 h using fluorescence confocal microscopy. (A) Cells treated with free DOX. (B) Cells treated with SLC-DOX. Red: fluorescence from DOX; blue: nuclei stained with Hoechst 33342. Scale bars: 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4071827_F1_301325.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Representative confocal micrographs illustrating the location of IC, MV, and RB at a concentration of 1mM in ACSC. From top to bottom the following panels are represented: bright field images (A–D), 1O2 elicitor fluorescence images at 560–620nm (E–H), red Chl autofluorescence images at 680–700nm (I–L), merged Chl and 1O2 elicitor fluorescence images (M–P), and merged bright field and fluorescence images (Q–T). The 1O2 elicitor and red Chl fluorescence emissions were collected after excitation at 543nm and 633nm with an argon laser. Arrows in G, H, O, and P point to key features (see text for further details). Scale bars=50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3889810_DDT310F2_258175.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | The G392E mutant of neuroserpin is retained in the ER. Confocal microscopy of HeLa cells cultured for 48 h in the presence or absence of 2 µg/ml doxycycline. Wild-type or G392E neuroserpin cells are stained for total or polymers of neuroserpin with the 1A10 or 7C6 antibody, respectively (green). The ER-resident protein calreticulin is stained red. Merged images (yellow) correspond to areas with overlapping red and green staining, showing co-localization of neuroserpin and the ER. The nucleus is blue with Hoerscht stain. All images are shown at the same scale, with the exception of wild-type neuroserpin cells in the presence of doxycycline, stained for total neuroserpin. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4028891_F1_290248.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Immunohistochemical staining. A: HBsAg positive staining in glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells in HBV-GN (Magnification of 400x). B: AIM2 positive staining in hepatic cytoplasm in CHB (Magnification of 400x). C: AIM2 positive staining in glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells in HBV-GN (Magnification of 400x). D: Caspase-1 positive staining in glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells in HBV-GN (Magnification of 400x). E: IL-1β positive staining in glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells in HBV-GN (Magnification of 400x). F: AIM2, Caspase-1 and IL-1β negative staining in glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells in CGN (Magnification of 400x). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_43898.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Plain thoracic CT of patient 1 shows patchy ground glass opacities at both lungs without zonal predominance. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3723939_F2_220355.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | A typical CT scan image of a left kidney with CRCC. (A)The CT scan showed the thick and irregular capsule walls surrounding several cysts with hyperdense septa and nodules. (B)The enhanced CT scan image showed the intense enhancements and calcification of capsule walls, septa, and nodules. The debris, floc, and blood clots were also visible in the hydatid fluid. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4333271_fig2_360063.jpg | What is shown in this image? | 42-year-old woman with Cushing syndrome presenting a left heterogeneous adrenal mass, with a cystic area containing walls, calcifications, macroscopic fat (blue arrow), and hemorrhage. (a) Unenhanced CT. (b) 18-F-FDG PET/CT (SUVmax: 2). Histologic diagnosis: proliferation of adrenal cortical cells in well vascularized interstitial tissue. No sign of malignancy. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2855659_F0003_62128.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Case of anterior scleritis (top left) with vasculitis shown by anterior ICGA (top middle) with no apparent clinical posterior involvement seen on fundus examination (top right). FFA clearly shows hyperfluorescent hot disc indicating posterior involvement (bottom left) which was confirmed by ICGA showing diffuse choroidal hyperfluorescence confirming the presence of posterior scleritis (bottom right) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1781937_F3_9045.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | IL-10 reduces NFATc1 immunostaining intensity and nuclear translocation. NFATc1 staining was noted in the cytoplasm and nuclei of RANKL treated RAW264.7 cells (B and C), whereas only weak cytoplasmic staining was observed in RANKL + IL-10 treated cells (D.) No staining was noted in control cultures (A). Photographs taken at a magnification of × 400 A, B, D and ×1000 C. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4129401_fig3_312888.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Subcellular Localization of Wild-Type and Variant POC1B in hTERT-RPE1 CellsLocalizations of wild-type mRFP-POC1B (A), mRFP-POC1B-p.Gln67del (B), and mRFP-POC1B-p.Arg106Pro (C) (all in red). Additional images are shown in Figure S2. Cilia were counterstained with the basal body and cilium marker GT335 (green) and transition-zone marker RPGRIP1L (cyan). Wild-type mRFP-POC1B showed cytosolic localization with enrichment at the basal body region, as seen in the magnifications in the insets. Both variants showed similar cytosolic localization but lacked enrichment at the base of the cilium. In all pictures, nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars represent 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4314791_Fig1_354780.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you |
Demonstration of the surgical technique. A,B Schematic diagram showing the technique. The bone gutter is made and a hole is drilled on the lamina. The lamina is elevated with suture. In the panels, A represents decompression site; whereas O represents hinged site. θ represents the angle the lamina is evaluated. C Intra-operative picture delineates the surgical technique. C3-7 is elevated and fixed with suture. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3356895_fig2_138838.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Glomerular volume. Total glomerular volume by mouse strain: WT, diabetes WT (d-WT), MBL-KO (KO), and diabetes MBL-KO (d-KO) and representative images from each group (total magnification 1855x). (a) C57BL/6JBomTac animals with mean indicated by “♦.” (b) 129S6/SvEvTac animals with mean indicated by “♦.” Test statistics are indicated in plot area when significant. P
MBL×D: interaction between MBL and diabetic effects. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3285614_pone-0031099-g002_127200.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Myocytes transdifferentiation from GFP+ bone marrow in fetal heart inside kidney capsule.Immunostaining was performed at 12 months after fetal heart transplantation into kidney capsule and GFP+ bone marrow transplantation. A: GFP+ circulating cells homed into the fetal heart, which was beating in the kidney capsule. B and C: Two cardiomyocytes (arrows) transdifferentiated from the GFP+ bone marrow-origin cells. Striation structure and co-localization of GFP (green) and α-sarcomeric actin (red) are evident. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3700799_f2-ol-05-06-1799_215415.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | (A) The tumor was dark gray and located in front of the L3 lamina. (B) Certain tumor cells were pigmented (HE staining; magnification, 10×20). (C) Diffuse distribution of anti-HMB-45 reactive tumor cells. (PAP staining; magnification, 10×20). (D) Tumor cells stained markedly positive for S-100 protein. (PAP staining; magnification, 10×20) (E) Positive Ki-67 index detected in ∼25% of cells. (PAP staining; magnification, 10×20). HE, hematoxylin and eosin; PAP, peroxidase-antiperoxidase. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic20471.jpg | in which plane is the mri displayed? | coronal |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03416.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan shows metastatic tumors in the liver and spleen (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4381785_fig1s5_374042.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Electron micrographs of neurons.(A) Dendritic surface analysis. Neurons were imaged at low
resolution and individual neurons were identified. The proximal 100
µm of dendritic arbors were then imaged at high resolution (boxes
#1–#7) and surface structures in high resolution images
were then grouped as nodes, elongated protrusions, and stubby
protrusions. Note in image #6 (red box) protrusion emerging from the
dendritic surface. (B) Examples of nodes that form on the
dendritic surface. Scanning electron micrographs of neurons that were
fixed on DIV11. Individual nodes are highlighted in yellow. Scale bar,
500 nm.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03116.009 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4607875_F3_433946.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Cystogenesis during drug treatment in Pkd1−/− and wt mice. (A) Ratio of renal cyst volume to body weight in Pkd1−/− mice in the four drug treatment groups. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 relative to vehicle treatment. (B) Representative images of collected livers (top) and kidneys (bottom) from each treatment cohort; scale bar, 1 cm. (C) Representative light microscopy images from H&E slides, reflecting cystic burden of Pkd1−/− and wt mice in all treatment groups at experimental endpoint (10 weeks of treatment). Images taken at 20× magnification; scale bar, 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2919396_pntd-0000797-g006_71037.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Chronic inflammatory infiltrate, tissue fibrosis and parasite burden were arrested inTcVac2-immunized/infected mice.Heart tissue and skeletal muscle were harvested at 120 dpi (chronic phase) and subjected to H&E (A) or Masson's Trichrome (B) staining (magnification: 20X). The intense blue color (Fig. 6B) shows the collagen deposition (fibrotic area). (C) Real time PCR amplification of T. cruzi 18SrDNA (as in Fig. 5C). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3826136_marinedrugs-11-03802-f006_242559.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | HT29 cells at 400× magnification under an Olympus inverted microscope. DMSO control (a); cells treated with 0.05 mg/mL semi-purified 6-bromoisatin (b); cells treated with 0.5 mg/mL semi-purified 6-bromoisatin (c) and cells treated with 0.05 mg/mL tyrindoleninone (d) for 12 h (final concentration of 1% DMSO). Apoptotic cells with chromatin condensation characteristic are shown by arrows and necrotic cells with deformed cell shapes are shown by arrowheads. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3305013_F1_130145.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | A) Patient 1 Left Coronary system CMRA at 3T. B) Patient 1 LGE at 3T. C) Patient 2 Left Coronary CMRA at 1.5T. D) Patient 2 LGE at 1.5T E) Overlay of Patient 1 LGE on CMRA at 3T. Arrows show corresponding positions for IVUS pictures G & H. F) Overlay of Patient 2 LGE on CMRA at 1.5T. Arrows show corresponding positions for IVUS pictures I & J. G & I) IVUS images. White box illustrates intimal thickening corresponding to enhancement on overlay picture above J & H) IVUS images. No significant intimal thickening corresponding to areas without enhancement on overlay picture above |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3538770_pone-0053237-g003_177379.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | A 66-year-old man with prostate cancer in peripheral zone of the prostate.Low signal on conventional T1WI (A) and T2WI (B) (arrows) indicates tumor hemorrhage. No hemorrhage is demonstrated on CT (C). The tumor hemorrhage was also seen with SWI (D) and filtered phase image (E) (arrows). The images in second row come from another slice of the same patient. No prostatic calcification is demonstrated on conventional T1WI (F) and T2WI (G), but dot-like high density on CT (H), low signal on SWI (I) and high signal on filtered phase image (J) (arrows) indicates calcificaiton. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3901492_F1_261379.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Chest x-ray and computed tomographic scan images for a patient with inhalation anthrax, Minnesota, USA. A) On hospital day 1, the x-ray image revealed a right upper lobe infiltrate and widening of the mediastinum. B) On hospital day 2, computed tomographic scan of the chest with intravenous contrast showed dense consolidation of the right upper lobe, mediastinal adenopathy (small arrow), and bilateral pleural effusions (large arrows). C) By hospital day 4, progressive infiltrates in the right lung were present. D) By day 6, an increasing left pleural effusion was evident. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic41984.jpg | what was this image taken with? | xr - plain film |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4247761_Fig2_340240.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner |
Conventional adenoma (CA) with a focal villous architecture. (A), Tubular adenoma (TA) composed of columnar cells with diffuse conventional dysplasia and focal epithelial serration (hematoxylin and eosin; original magnification × 40). (B), Higher magnification of the box in panel A, showing dysplastic cells with cytoplasmic eosinophilia and ectopic crypts (hematoxylin and eosin; original magnification × 200). (C), Tubulovillous adenoma (TVA) with a villous architecture and columnar cells with diffuse conventional dysplasia (hematoxylin and eosin; original magnification × 100). (D), Higher magnification of the box in panel C, displaying ectopic crypts (arrows) (hematoxylin and eosin; original magnification × 200). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_47483.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Post-contrast axial CT image showing heterogeneous enhancement of the lesion (arrow) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4593541_pntd.0004128.g005_429710.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details |
L. verrucarum at 5d post-blood meal.After 5 d B. bacilliformis colonized the competent sand fly digestive tract. As observed at 72 h following the blood meal, bacteria were found in the abdominal midgut (A-B) as well as the ileum (C-F). Images were acquired with fluorescence (GFP) or phase contrast (PC) microscopy and the magnification used is indicated under each image pair. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2667306_fig03_37077.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Subcellular localization of AtPSK4–YFP and AtSBT1.1–YFP.Confocal laser scanning microscope images of roots from seedlings expressing 35S:ppAtPSK4-YFP (a–c) or 35S:AtSBT1.1-YFP (d–f). (a, d) YFP fluorescence; (b, e) propidium iodide fluorescence; (c, f) merged images. Scale bars = 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4559075_Fig3_420449.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Reduced mucin levels in CF mouse duodenum crypts after whole body treatments. CFTR was immunostained with anti-CFTR antibodies (red) and mucin was stained with fluorescence labeled wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA, green). a Co-staining of CFTR and mucin by anti-CFTR antibodies and WGA. CF mice were either untreated or treated with three cycles of 7–10 h whole body cooling. b Immunostained images at 100x magnification. The arrows indicate the goblet cells. c PAS-Alcian-blue staining of mouse duodenum crypts from WT, CF and treated CF mice |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2836365_F5_58788.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Paraffin embedded tissue, Immunohistochemical examination, Cg A (10×). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3953515_pone-0091662-g002_273757.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | IHC staining of type II collagen (red), type II procollagen (red), ADAMTS-2 (green), ADAMTS-3 (green) and BMP-1 (green), counter-stained with DAPI (blue).In type II collagen images, pan cadherin was also stained (green). Original images of type II procollagen were captured by optimizing for signal in the ECM (I0) and the shown images were further enhanced according to . Insets show low magnification images of the respective samples. Scale bars are 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3232438_F6_118453.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Latro-medial radiographic image of the carpal joint, showing Different arthritic changes manifested by mild, moderate and severe narrowing of the joint spaces at (a) 1 month, (b) 2 month and (c) 6 month respectively, post injection of Amphotericin-B. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3899932_F6_260893.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Semithin sections and electron microscopy. Case 1 (A-D). (A-B) Conspicuous vacuolar changes in the neuronal cells and the neuropil-like background. (A) Mild accumulation of small round cells is noted at the edge of the nodule. (C-D) Electron microscopy reveals non-membrane bound vacuolation. (D) Small vacuolated areas within the cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum are also noted in the neuron. Case 2 (E-F). The vacuolar changes are similar those seen in Case 1 although the less well-preserved due to post-mortem changes. (A-B, E - semithin sections stained with Toluidine blue). Scale bars: A, B, E = 25 μm; C = 5 μm; D, F = 20 μm. |
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