image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_3/PMC3735894_f2-etm-06-01-0037_223419.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Warthin-Starry staining of biopsy specimens from functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. (A and B) H&E staining of a body biopsy from an FD patient, showing typical eosinophil morphology with a bi-lobed nucleus and eosinophilic cytoplasm. (C and D) H&E staining of a descending part of duodenum (D2) biopsy from an FD patient showing clusters of eosinophils in the lamina propria adjacent to glands. (E and F) Warthin-Starry staining of an antrum biopsy showing H. pylori stained black while the background was light golden. Magnification, ×40. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06818.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Puestow procedure. Axial CT image of normal anatomy post-Puestow procedure for chronic pancreatitis of a 60-year-old man showing the Roux-en-Y jejunal loop anastomosed to the anterior aspect of the pancreatic head (black arrow). Note the pancreatic calcifications consistent with chronic pancreatitis |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic59956.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | cavernous hemangioma, intracranial, temporal lobe |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4669128_pone.0144020.g005_450219.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Characteristics of in vitro cultures of Verticillium dahliae and microscopic observations of complemented mutant strains ΔCYC8-C.The comparisons were conducted with the wild-type strain Vd080, the original VdCYC8 insertional mutant strain T286 and complemented mutants which were tagged with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3430665_pone-0044127-g004_152276.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Electron microscopic observation of WT and Db cells.Resealed WT (A, B, and C) and Db (D, E, and F) cells were observed by electron microscopy. G, M, or E indicates the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, or endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. No significant difference in organelles morphology was observed between WT and Db cells. Bar = 2 µm (A and D) or 1 µm (B, C, E, and F). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4001872_fig03_284581.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Activations in response to cutaneous stimulation. Group brain activation in response to stimulation of cutaneous afferents of the right index finger at 2 and 4T, using random effects analysis. Statistical images were coregistered with the SPM‐MNI single subject T1 image. The axial/horizontal sections in the upper row show frontal and parietal activation areas. Sections in the middle row show areas of activation including the second sensory area (SII). Sections in the lower row show an area of activation within both the right cerebellum. Colored bars labels indicate levels of activation in t value. For illustration purposes a cutoff of t = 3.5 has been used. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2846343_fig1_60638.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | This is a series of coronal sections from a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis, done as a screening scan for abdominal trauma when the donor was admitted to the hospital. Image (a) shows the left kidney in a normal anatomic position. Image (b) shows the inferior fusion plane. Image (c) shows the right ectopic kidney, crossing the midline across the iliac vessels. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2259362_F8_18477.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Upper limb silhouette estimation by means of the Neural Snake (solid line) and close hand estimated trajectory (dot line) on some relevant frames of the video sequence. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_22815.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Magnetic resonance imaging of soft tissue mass in the neck – the contrast enhancement on T2-weighted sequence |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuy8zv0074y7ofpeene.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, White |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic23776.jpg | which organ system is imaged? | genitourinary |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4415671_fig5_382284.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Expression of Shh and GFAP in activated astrocytes by culturing with Angiostrongylus cantonensis soluble antigens. Astrocytes were treated with the 500 μg antigens for 2 h. Increases in the levels of Shh and GFAP expressions were detected by immunofluorescence staining of normal and antigen treated astrocytes. Magnification is 1000x (GFAP: green; Shh: red; colocalization of GFAP and Shh: yellow). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4605742_pone.0138122.g013_433406.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Reconstructions of the optic radiation of four subjects with and without use of enhancements.For all subjects, the left image shows the result on the original data, the right image shows the result on the enhanced FOD. The enhanced version generally gives less spurious fibers and has a more pronounced tip of the Meyer’s loop. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q51ejb0832cwyf32qe.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_39219.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed cystic dilatation of the intraduodenal portion of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct. No anomalous pancreatico-biliary junction was noted. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvb90do074y3cc64vqt.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glys53b071u411hdznp.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Ulcerative colitis |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3566941_F2_184382.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | NSCLC renal metastasis. Renal biopsy specimen : Hematoxylin-eosin staining (A) and immunohistochemical staining of 34βE12 (B), CK5/6 (C) and TTF-1(D). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_55615.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Occult pneumothorax. Axial CT at lung window shows a small occult pneumothorax (missed on chest radiography) at the anteromedial part of the left upper lobe (white arrow). There are also bilateral ground-glass opacities and areas of consolidation in both upper lobes consistent with lung contusions. Note the presence of numerous small confluent pneumatoceles (Swiss cheese appearance) in the anterior segment of the left upper lobe, consistent with lung laceration (black arrow). Note also the presence of small pneumomediastinum (dotted white arrow) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3621383_fig11_197583.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Tibiotalar gout with ankle effusion. Lateral ankle radiograph (a) shows ankle joint effusion (arrow). Longitudinal US (b) demonstrates moderate ankle joint effusion (arrow). Tibiotalar joint aspiration revealed crystals, confirming gout. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic13140.jpg | is this a noncontrast mri? | yes |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0775.jpg | Were immature myeloid cells present in other fields? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4381088_Fig4_373704.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Postmortem skeletal radiograph (a) and 3-D postmortem CT reconstruction (b) of a 20-week male foetus. The pregnancy was terminated for suspected skeletal dysplasia. There is severe under-mineralisation of the entire skeleton, beading of the ribs and bowing and crumpling of the long bones, caused by multiple fractures. These appearances are typical for lethal congenital osteogenesis imperfecta (type II), which was confirmed on genetic testing |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3850907_F2_248607.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Gray matter volume difference between DE and non-DE group. The DE group showed significantly lower GMV in the (A) left anterior cingulate and (B) right amygdala, compared to non-DE group, using an uncorrected p < 0.001 and cluster size >50 voxels. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2683430_F0003_38546.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The ultrasonographic findings |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3045385_pone-0016899-g002_88245.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Electron microscopy analyses of secreted exosomes by Jurkat and Raji cells.Negative contrast staining showing typical exosomal morphology and electron micrographs illustrating immunogold staining of the NKG2D ligands MIC, ULBP1 and 2 of exosomes isolated from A. Jurkat and B. Raji. Bars represent 100 nm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic48578.jpg | what plane is this? | axial |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4560395_pone.0137175.g001_421114.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Registration of populations of Dll4, Mlc2a, and Eng embryos at 13–16 somites of age.Individual autofluorescence scans of representative embryos of 13–16 somite Dll4 (A-C), Mlc2a (E-G), and Eng mice (I-K) are intrinsically aligned with their respective vasculature scans (A′-C′, E′-G′, and I′-K′). An average image of all the 13–16 somite embryos scanned was generated for each mouse line, for both the autofluorescence scans and the vascular scans respectively: Dll4 (D and D′, n = 14), Mlc2a (H and H′, n = 10), and Eng (L and L′, n = 14). Scale bar = 500 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0834.jpg | Is centimeter rule shown for scale? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4692484_pone.0145334.g001_456790.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Prox1 is distributed in the OL cell lineage in the mouse spinal cord.(A-C) Prox1 is distributed in OL progenitor cells (OPC) as identified by colocalisation with NG2. (B,C) Higher magnification views showing that some NG2+ cells have little or no Prox1 signal (B, arrows), whereas others have high Prox1 signal (C, arrows). (D,E) Prox1 is distributed in OLs (OL) as identified by colocalisation with CC1. (E) Higher magnification views, showing CC1+ Prox1+ cells (arrowheads). Scale bars: (A,D) 50μm; (B,C,E) 10μm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3394787_pone-0040070-g003_144656.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | The diabetic NTS shows a lower NPY immunoreactivity in comparison to the control NTS.Panels A and B represent the levels II and III of the brainstem, respectively. Boxed areas are reproduced at higher magnification in the correspondent right columns of each panel. Note that these results are in contrast to what has been observed in the ARC. Scale bar = 500 µm in the left columns; = 200 µm in the right columns. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3124506_pone-0021425-g004_100684.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Full-length MinE and MinE1–31 induced deformation of fluorescently labeled SLBs.(a) MinE induced membrane tubule formation from SLBs. (b,c) Patchy fluorescence accumulation on SLBs caused by MinE (b) and MinE1–31 (c). Note also the drastic reduction of fluorescence outside the fluorescent patches. In each image set, the left column contains original micrographs and the right column contains the corresponding fluorescence intensity maps. Time zero was defined as the first frame acquired after the addition of the protein. The occasional brighter objects in the images were caused by impurities floating through the imaged fields. Arrows indicate the initiation points of tubule and patch formation. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3338408_F1_135671.jpg | What is shown in this image? | MRI performed before surgical resection. (A) MRI showing that the tumor has low-signal intensity on T1-weighted images. (B) Heterogeneous high-signal intensity on T2-weighted images. (C) The tumor exhibits an uneven contrast effect on T1-weighted coronal images. Arrows indicate a tumor. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3813798_f2-ol-06-05-1406_240311.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Case 1. (A) Photomicrograph exhibiting angiocentric and perivascular growth of myofibroblasts (HE staining; magnification, ×100). (B) Immunohistochemistry showing immunopositivity for smooth muscle actin (SMA; magnification, ×100). (C) Immunohistochemistry showing immunopositivity for vimentin (VIM; magnification, ×100). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1289.jpg | What does this image show? | brain |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3316533_pone-0034011-g002_132233.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Abnormal morphology of spermatozoa from a case with c.474A/A.(A.) Motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME) for sperm cells using a high-magnification inverted microscope (magnification was ×8400). (a.) sperm from a fertile control with c.474C/C; (b.–d.) sperm from an infertile man with c.474A/A. Sperm with bent-tail (b.), neck(c.) and round head (d.). (B.) IFA assay for sperm from a fertile control with c.474C/C (a.) and an infertile man with c.474A/A (b.). DAPI: blue; mito-tracker: red. (Magnification: ×400). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1891007_fig01_11544.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Expression of a CD8-CIMPR chimera enhances GGA labelingCells stably expressing CD8-CIMPR were mixed with non-transfected cells, fixed and double labeled with anti-CD8 (B, D, F, H, J and L) and antibodies against various coat proteins (A, C, E, G, I and K, shown above the CD8 images). All three GGAs, as well as their binding partner p56, show enhanced labeling in the CD8-CIMPR-expressing cells; retromer shows no increase in labeling, and AP-1 may show a subtle increase. Scale bar: 10 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0869.jpg | Does ideroblastic anaemia bone marrow show necrotic debris, ulceration and inflammation on the mucosal surface? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4388727_pone.0122365.g006_375902.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Subcellular localization of zBcl10.A) HEK293 cells were transfected with mammalian FLAG-tagged vector, empty (vector) or expressing zBcl10. 16 hrs after transfection, cells were stained with anti-FLAG mAb, followed by FITC-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. B) The same experiment described in A) was carried out in HEK293 cells infected with recombinant retrovirus expressing a shRNA targeting hBCL10. All photographs were taken at a 100X magnification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4035491_Fig17_292163.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Supratentorial pilocytic astrocytoma with solid enhancement and vasogenic oedema. a An axial T1-weighted image shows a well-circumscribed, hypointense cerebral mass (arrows). b An axial T2-weighted image shows a hyperintense mass. Note the vasogenic oedema around the mass (arrows). c The lesion exhibits low signal on diffusion-weighted imaging. Contrast-enhanced axial (d) and (e) T1-weighted images demonstrate inhomogeneous enhancement of the mass |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4619811_fig3_437158.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | A 59-year-old man with left-side weakness. (a) MRA shows no stenosis on right MCA; (b) the diffusion-weighted image shows a hypertensive lesion in the right lenticular nucleus which extends to the coronal radiate; precontrast T1-weighted SPACE images did not show eccentric wall thickening clearly on both the long axis (c) and short axis ((e), arrow) of the MCA; postcontrast T1-weighted SPACE images show wall thickening ipsilateral to the infarct on both the long axis (d) and short axis ((f), arrow) of the MCA. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4690840_Fig1_456275.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Illustration of typical workflow for generation of a personalized anatomical model of the heart from medical images. Acquired anatomical imaging, such as from MRI, is segmented, and structural or functional imaging, such as contrast-enhanced MRI for imaging scar tissue, is registered with the anatomical imaging. A FE mesh is generated from the anatomical segmentation, fiber orientations are assigned (potentially from imaging, not shown), and regional tags are mapped based on registered structural/functional data. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3137635_pone-0022395-g001_102462.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | p44/WDR77 nuclear translocation during mouse prostate development.Immunostaining of p44/WDR77 (left panels, red) in prostate glands derived from mice aged 7, 14, 28, 32, or 45 days. The nucleus was counterstained with SYTOX Green (middle panels, green). The samples were observed under a confocal microscope. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3912819_fig1_263780.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | The microscopic feature of the second cases (haematoxylin and eosin staining). Case 2: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma involving the lamina propria of the urinary bladder (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×100). Reproduced from [4] with permission of the Editor-in-Chief of Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine on behalf of the editorial team of the journal and the American Association of Pathology. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3871287_f0005_253697.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Single slice distance analysis pipeline visualized for a single patient: tissue probability maps (a, A) converted into masks (b, B), gaps filled (c, C), erosion and dilation (d, D) and the resulting city-block geodesic maps (e, E). Lower and upper cases represent WM and GM respectively. In the right lower corner the ASL slice is shown for reference. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3466433_Fig4_159525.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | UV microscopic images of Norway spruce latewood after zero (a), 7 (b), 9 (c), 12 (d) and 32(e) weeks of incubation with the white-rot fungus P. vitreus. The colour pixels represent different UV280 absorbances. Hyphal tunnelling (1), notches (2) and cavities (3) can be observed as proof for simultaneous degradation. The progress of selective delignification is visible by lowered absorbances in areas of the secondary cell wall layers. Reproduced from Lehringer et al. (2011) with permission from de Gruyter |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3177922_F1_109386.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Clinical features. A: Submucosal nodule on the right side of the hard palate in the absence of mucosal alterations (continuous arrow). B: Occlusal radiograph showing no abnormalities. C: Ulceration in the biopsy area after 14 days (continuous arrow). D: Healed area after 30 days. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3096593_F2_95635.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the lumbar spine. (A) The T2-weighted axial MR image shows multiple small hyperintense lesions in the right psoas muscle (arrows). The corresponding fat-suppressed T1-weighted image after gadolinium administration (B) confirmed the diagnosis of a multicystic mass and delineated the thickened, contrast-enhancing septations around the cystic components (arrow). T1-weighted image (C) and T2-weighted STIR image (D) of the lumbar spine in sagittal orientation. These images showed the bone marrow replacement within the first, second, and third lumbar vertebrae (arrows). The lesions comprise of cystic and solid components. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3997362_pone-0095112-g003_283514.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Example of image processing procedure.The first row of images shows extracts from the video recording of the experiments, with different densities of ants. The same images are shown in the second row after having been submitted to a colour threshold filter and subsequently filtered to remove appendages. The final sequence shows colour images depicting the density distribution of ants on the previous pictures. The white scale bar at the bottom left of the figure measures 1“Experimental Analysis”. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4236506_F5_337304.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Transmission electron microscope details on A. baumanni and S. aureus treated with BSLR.A. baumannii and S. aureus grown in the presence and absence of BSLR (4X MIC) were imaged at 3 h post incubation. Photographs were taken at a magnification of × 15000. The thick arrow indicates septum formation and the thin arrow indicates the ghost cells appearance respectively. For S. aureus, images were also acquired at lower magnification of ×8000, where a visible difference was seen between treated and untreated samples. BSLR treated S. aureus showed many more ghost cells (thin arrows) and cells without visible intracellular organelles compared to untreated cells (thick double arrows). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4387986_f2-rado-49-02-115_375558.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Baseline CT-negative 18FDG-positive bone marrow metastasis is becoming sclerotic (CT-positive) while decreasing metabolic activity (18FDG-negative) as a response to therapy. Baseline transaxial (A)
18FDG- PET, (B) CT, and 18FDG-PET/CT images in 45 years old woman with breast carcinoma show bone marrow metastasis in sternum (arrow) without corresponding CT abnormalities. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUV Max): 11, Hounsfield units (HU): 73; (D), (E), (F) 6 months after therapy lesion metabolic activity decreased SUV Max: 2.7, attenuation increased HU: 551; (G), (H), (I) 9 months after therapy. Inactive sclerotic metastasis with no increase metabolic activity and sclerotic appearance on CT with increased attenuation HU: 693. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4660684_Fig2_447988.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Scutellarin enhanced GFAP (A1–A3), Notch-1 (B1–B3), NICD (C1–C3), HES-1 (D1–D3), nestin (E1–E3) and TNF-α (A1–3) expression in TNC1 via BV-2-conditioned medium. Moderate GFAP expression was detected in TNC1 incubated in CM; also, Notch-1, NICD, HES-1, nestin and TNF-α (B1, C1, D1, E1, F1) was weakly expressed. The expression however was enhanced in CM + L (B2, C2, D2, E2, F2). Upon treatment with CM + SL for 24 h, expression of all markers was drastically increased being more pronounced for NICD (C3) and nestin (E3). Note TNC1 astrocytes project long cytoplasmic processes with expansions (A3, D3, F3). Scale bars 20 μm |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4193881_pone-0110230-g001_327067.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | μOR immunoreactivity in naïve enteric neurons (A–C) and in neurons chronically treated with morphine (D–F).μOR immunoreactivity is at the cell surface in unstimulated and morphine-stimulated neurons (A, C arrows), and it is in the cytosol following stimulation with DAMGO (B) in naïve enteric neurons. μOR immunoreactivity is at the cell surface in unstimulated neurons (D, arrows), but in the cytosol following DAMGO or morphine stimulation (E, F) in chronic enteric neurons. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03064.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Anteroposterior radiograph after the operation showing the important points of operation for an intertrochanteric fracture of an ankylosed hip, represented with five circles (a–e). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3736517_fig1_223490.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Tumor (red circle) and high-grade varicocele in sonography. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4667755_brb3408-fig-0003_449690.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Paired‐samples t‐test activation maps showing group activation for color versus achromatic Mondrian conditions. BOLD demonstrated larger cluster sizes in V1, and more suprathreshold bilateral V4 activation than DfMRI. There was V1 activation for DfMRI also, although this is not evident here due to the level of the slices shown. Slices shown at the level of peak V4 activation for DfMRI, which was within the right hemisphere. SPMs overlaid onto MNI T1‐weighted template image and thresholded at P < 0.001 uncorrected. MNI coordinates shown. Color bar indicates t‐values. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2731087_F3_44194.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Comprehensive CMR protocol. 3a) The relationship of the OM branch of the circumflex artery and lateral vein can be seen on the volume rendered image. Knowledge of this anatomical relationship can be used in combination with late enhancement imaging, 3b) which shows area of scar (open white arrows) is present in the infero-lateral wall. A section of the lateral wall [panel] is enlarged in 3c) showing that the vessels do not over lie the scar. 3d) Systolic and 3e) diastolic frames from the cine images also reveal that the vessels, enlarged in 3f) are remote from the akinetic area (open black arrow). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4397060_pbio.1002116.g006_378105.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | The translocon protein SseB is released from the Salmonella surface over time, and acidification is required.
(A) WT Salmonella were electroporated with unlabeled I-switch, recovered, and used for infection in RAW264.7 macrophages for various indicated times. 25 nM BAF (B), or an equal volume of DMSO, was used to pre-treat the macrophages for 30 min prior to infection and was maintained throughout the infection time. The cells were fixed, permealized, and stained for Salmonella LPS (green) and translocon protein SseB (red). Scale bar, 3 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4114715_f1-ol-08-03-1147_309828.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Abdominal computed tomography of the patient with primary adrenal nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. A soft tissue mass was observed in the left adrenal gland (arrow), measuring 4.5×5.5 cm, with a less uniform density and clear borders. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3513322_pone-0049707-g005_170253.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Pancreatic tumor relapse occurs following Kras* reactivation.(A) Experimental design. (B) Identification of a large pancreatic tumor mass 22 weeks after Kras* activation. T: tumor, S: stomach, Sp: spleen, L: liver, G: gallbladder. (C) Images taken 1, 3 and 6 weeks following Kras* inactivation. Note the greatly reduced primary tumor mass and metastatic load. (D) Reactivation of Kras* results in rapid tumor relapse. (E) Histology of the primary tumor as well as metastases found in the liver and lung following tumor relapse show abundant phospho-ERK1/2 expression (insets). Scale bar 100 um (F) Tumor and total metastases volume at the indicated time points. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2684360_F0002_38739.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | (A) IVU showing a poorly visualized left renal pelvis and a non-visualized left ureter. (B) CT scan showing a left ureteric stricture, which was no recognized in the IVU. (C) Retrograde ureterogram showing multiple upper and mid-ureteric strctures |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvj90tc074y7awod6ya.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3210751_pone-0026772-g003_114678.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Ectopic expression of JHE induces precocious br expression in the 2nd instar larvae.Flies carrying two copies of hs-jhe transgenes (GAL4-PG12, UAS-mCD8GFP/Fm7C; hs-jhe1, hs-jhe2/+) were reared on normal (−JHA) or 0.1 ppm pyriproxifen-containing (+JHA) food and were treated with (HS) or without (no-HS) heat shocking twice a day for 40 min at 37°C. Br expression was monitored by GAL4-PG12,UAS-mCD8GFP [A–D] and FB Br-core antibody staining in 2nd instar larvae [E–H]. Precocious br expression occurred in 2nd instar larvae that were reared on normal food and treated with heat shocking [B-B′ and F-F′]. However, this phenotype was blocked by JHA treatment [D-D′ and H-H′]. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3283589_pone-0031064-g011_126622.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | 2D vertebrae segmentation (yellow) of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) dataset with a square template (number of rays = 30, number of nodes sampled per ray = 30 and delta value Δr = 4). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4324492_fig3_357361.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Multifocal choroiditis (MFC). Initially, ICGA and FAF show numerous small hypofluorescent spots randomly scattered in the posterior pole (a, b, c). In the follow-up, the onset of new hypofluorescent spots in ICGA (d, e) correlates well with the presence of hyperautofluorescent spots (f) in areas of previously normal background. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3673335_fig5s1_209200.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Staples within the Golgi.Similar to Figure 5 Hela cells expressing CD8lumenal were incubated at 16°C in the presence of the disaggregating drug for 2 hr, and then the drug was removed for 30 min, prior to shifting the temperature to 20°C for six additional hours. Electron micrographs show the staple at one face of the Golgi (arrow), which is opposite the swollen face of the Golgi (typical of trans Golgi face at 20°C).DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00558.011 |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4684506_pone.0145174.g003_454612.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Tight junction formation in MCF10A cells depends on culture conditions.
A. The tight junction (TJ) protein ZO-1 is visible as characteristic kissing points in 2D MCF10A monolayer cluster (white arrow head). B. Representative immunofluorescence stains for low- and highly-matured acini. Cortical F-actin signals (green) indicate acinar cell boundaries. ZO-1 protein (red) was only present as diffuse signal within the cytoplasm, irrespective of acinar-maturation states. The merged ZO-1 and F-actin stains demonstrate loss of colocalization and the absence of TJ-complexes. C. β-catenin signals indicate homogeneously distributed cell-cell contacts (adherence junctions) in both 2D MCF10A monolayer and in 3D MCF10A acini. Scale bars = 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3242522_fig3_119663.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Representative sections of dysplastic oral mucosa taken from patient biopsies (DOM) (A–E) and tissue-engineered dysplastic oral mucosa constructs (TEDOM) (F–J). TEDOM models were generated by culturing D20 or Cal27 cells and normal oral fibroblasts on DED at an air-to-liquid interface for 14 days. Sections were stained with H&E (A, F and K) and immunohistochemically stained to show the pattern of expression of Ki67 (B, G and L), AE1/3 (C, H and M), collagen type IV (Col IV; D, I and N) and integrin αvβ6 (E, J and O) and counterstained with haematoxylin. Scale bar indicates 200 μm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic51099.jpg | what plane was used in this ct scan? | coronal |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2651645_pone-0004776-g007_35456.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Liver tumors implanted during murine laparoscopy.A. In-vivo imaging (IVIS 100) of hepatic luciferase signal in sham operated, GFP-HCC implanted or luciferase-HCC implanted mice. B. In-vivo imaging (ZIESS Axioimager-M) of hepatic GFP fluorescence in sham operated, GFP-HCC implanted or luciferase-HCC implanted mice. C. Repeated GFP imaging (ZIESS Axioimager-M) in excised livers of sham operated, GFP-HCC implanted or luciferase-HCC implanted mice. D. Laparoscopic appearance of liver-infiltrating GFP-HCC tumors 7 & 14 days following hepatic tumor cell implantation. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_mouth/train_2159.jpg | What does this image show? | mucocele |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4594159_fig2_429976.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | TssB Foci Exhibit Dynamic Behavior throughout the Growth of a Microcolony(A and B) Time-lapse imaging of TssB-mCh every 10 min over a 6-hr period. DIC (upper) and fluorescence (lower) images are shown for selected time points during the first 5 hr (A) and every 10 min over the final hour (B). Scale bar, 5 μm. The full series is shown in Movie S1. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzhdp6w086uaj6z71yu.jpg | Where in the image is the instrument? | Lower-left, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4169564_pone-0107502-g002_321466.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Decreased expression of miR-451a.1 in primary melanoma by MISH.(a-f) miR-451a.1 signal (red) was consistently detected in nuclei and cytoplasm of dermal nevus cells, overlying epidermal keratinocytes and epithelium of hair follicle (HF) in 6 representative CN; (g-i) this signal was absent from the nuclei and cytoplasm of dermal melanoma cells in 6 representative PCM. Loss of miR-451a.1 expression was best seen in the melanoma in situ cells (arrow heads) in contrast to surrounding keratinocytes. The solid line represents epidermal-dermal junction. All images were acquired under constant parameters. The original magnification was 200× for all images; inset was 630×. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3502577_F2_167216.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Encapsulation of 5 nm citrate-coated GNPs into P6c SAPNs. TEM images of the encapsulation samples at three buffer conditions: (a) 20 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 5% Glycerol; (b) 20 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 75 mM NaCl, 5% Glycerol; (c) 20 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 10 mM NaCl, 5% Glycerol. (d) DLS profiles for volume distribution of hydrodynamic sizes of the encapsulation samples at the three buffer conditions. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3071838_pone-0018688-g003_91938.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Reduced CD68+, MAC387+, and SIV p28+ productively infected cells in lymph nodes with minocycline treatment.Immunohistochemistry was performed to compare CD68+ resident macrophages, newly infiltrating MAC387+ monocytes/macrophages, and SIV-infected cells in the axillary lymph node from untreated and minocycline treated animals. A reduced number of resident CD68+ macrophages (A–B) and newly infiltrating MAC387+ monocytes/macrophages (C–D) in an axillary lymph node of minocycline treated animals (B, D) and an untreated controls (A, C). In addition, there was a significantly higher number of productively infected SIV p28+ cells in the lymph node of untreated animals (E) compared to minocycline treated animals (F). All scale bars are 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3114815_f4-ehp-119-807_98960.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Association between progressive nigral neurodegeneration and prolonged neuroinflammation. Double-label immunofluorescence shows loss of TH-positive DA neurons and degeneration of DA fibers in the SN of α-syn Tg mice 5 months after LPS injection. Only in LPS-injected Tg mice did microglia show active morphology: elevated expression of Iba-1 (red), larger size, irregular shape, and increased numbers in the SN. Microglia of WT mice exhibit resting ramified morphology. Magnifications (right) are from areas indicated in the merged column. All images are representative samples from among at least three different animals in each group. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4470092_Fig2_397516.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Renal biopsy. Left kidney ultrasound guided biopsy performed on day 27. Photomicrographs to show histopathological findings; a acute tubular necrosis with dilation, epithelial thinning, tubular cell necrosis and regeneration, interstitial oedema, and minimal inflammation (haematoxylin and eosin stain ×200); b acute tubular injury with PAS staining showing loss of brush border in the dilated injured proximal tubules (Periodic acid Schiff ×200); c a normal glomerulus (×400 Jones methanamine silver stain), and d a Perls stain for iron showing particulate and diffuse staining in damaged proximal tubules (×400). Specialized PAS, methanamine, and Perls straining were performed in Bangkok, Thailand since only haematoxylin and eosin stain was available in Bangladesh. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvi90rg074y4m986v58.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_49601.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Lateral radiograph of the right knee demonstrating 2 patellar tunnels and 1 tunnel in the femur for case 2. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4309213_fig1_353494.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Histologic overview (H & E, original magnification ×100 or ×40). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3386975_pone-0040336-g003_143395.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Expressing MSL2g mutants in the msl2-3 background affects plastid morphology.(A) Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of leaf epidermal cells transiently expressing the fluorescent stromal marker RecA-YFP. Arrows indicate stromules. Results are representative of at least 50 cells per genotype. Size bar is 10 microns. (B, C) Representative CLSM images of mesophyll cells from the leaf blade (B) and petiole (C) of 3 week-old T2 plants. Chlorophyll autofluorescence is pseudocolored red. In (B), the same region of each leaf (the lower right quadrant, midway between the vasculature and the leaf margin) was imaged. Asterisks mark enlarged chloroplasts. Size bar in (B) and (C) is 30 microns. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4019512_pone-0096544-g003_288040.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | AAV-DN-TNF-GFP and AAV-GFP vector injections resulted in sustained transgene expression in the striatum.(A) GFP expression in a 12-month animal that received AAV-GFP vector injection. (B) Higher magnification view of boxed area. AAV vectors transduced (C) neurons and (D) glia (arrows). (E) DN-TNF ELISA using dissected striata from 3, 9 and 12-month animals indicates long-term expression of the DN-TNF transgene only in animals that received DN-TNF vectors. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3926977_F1_267670.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | CT images of the left thigh. (a) Transverse image. (b) Coronal image. A high-resolution volumetric CT scanning revealed a 9.7 × 11 × 19 cm irregularly shaped soft tissue mass in the anteromedial left thigh (yellow arrow) and a partial bone defect approximately 9.7 cm in length on the medial border of the left femur shaft (light blue arrow). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3533608_fig1_175842.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | MRI lumbar spine: enhanced T1 weighted axial image. Enhancing, well-defined benign phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor in lumbar vertebra. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2734526_F2_44517.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Histopathology of the Endoscopic Colonic Biopsy Hematoxylin and eosin stained, medium power, magnification ×250. A. Adenocarcinoma of the colon demonstrated by * – individual nests of "garlandlike" masses with ↑ – punched out lumens and black triangle – central necrotic debris. B. Metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma in the lesser curvature of the stomach as seen by * – malignant epithelium recapitulating colonic glands associated with ↑ – benign gastric glands. C. Metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma in the lesser curvature of the stomach confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of CK20 positive colonic epithelium with negative staining in the gastric epithelium. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04167.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Choroidal folds in a child with mild papilledema |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3258259_pone-0030113-g001_122025.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Luminal and basal/myoepithelial layers in the bovine mammary gland can be distinguished by immunofluorescence analysis.A: H&E staining of sections from a heifer's mammary gland reveals ductal structures penetrating the fibrous stroma. B–F: Immunofluorescence detection of mammary lineage markers. Inset: 2× magnification. L = lumen. Bar = 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3420434_fig3_150084.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Postoperative CT scan at level of the hyoid. Note: the extensive loss of soft tissue in the anterior neck compartment (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4263083_F4_343519.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Subcellular localization of archaea-related Nog1 in Arabidopsis. GFP-fusion Nog1-1 (A) and Nog1-2 (B) proteins are transiently expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts. (i) Chlorophyll auto-fluorescence, (ii) GFP fluorescence, (iii) DIC image, (iv) merged image of (i), (ii), and (iii). Scale bars are 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2386549_pone-0002278-g001_22753.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Meprinβ expression in Wistar rat kidneys.Immunostaining of paraffin embedded kidney tissues from Wistar rats: (A) positive immunofluorescence staining of proximal tubules and (B) of glomeruli using a specific meprinβ antibody. Control immunofluorescence staining: (C) replacement of the primary antibody with normal rabbit serum. (D) Competitive inhibition of meprinβ by pre-incubation with an excess of recombinant meprinβ (r-meprinβ). (E) Positive immunohistochemical staining of glomeruli using a specific C-terminal meprinβ antibody. Control immunohistochemical staining: (F) replacement of the primary antibody with normal rabbit serum. G: glomeruli, PT: proximal tubuli. Similar results were obtained using a different antibody directed against the N-terminal domain of meprinβ. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3031590_pone-0016510-g005_85878.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Listening condition effects on regional network measures.Surface maps display cortical regions showing a significant main effect (p<.05, uncorrected) of listening condition (quiet vs. noisy) on regional network measures of (top panels) and (bottom panels). The color bar indicates direction and magnitude of the main effect of listening condition on network measures (red: noisy>quiet; blue: quiet>noisy). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4118417_f4-sensors-14-10562_310642.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Example of multimodal images from the Brain Tumor Segmentation (BRATS) data set (top row) and their corresponding diffusion-map images (bottom row). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2258.jpg | Does leiomyosarcoma show esophagus, varices? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3038501_F0004_86938.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Ultrasound biomicroscopy image demonstrating plateau iris configuration |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2375208_fig1_22278.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Pre- and post-treatment CT scan of responding patient. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4058127_fig8_298272.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Lung slides of rabbits treated by haloperidol (HAL) and intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) or normal saline (NS). Magnification = ×400. (a) Received aseptic distilled water and 18 mL/kg ILE 20%. (b) Received HAL and 18 mL/kg normal saline. (c) Received HAL and 12 mL/kg of ILE 20%. (d) Received HAL and 18 mL/kg of ILE20%. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic48426.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3833018_fig3_244537.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Optical coherence tomography of an 84-year-old woman with canthaxanthin retinopathy showing a thin retina with no edema, crystals, or shadowing artifacts. (a) Right eye. (b) Left eye. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3673874_F2_209271.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Axial diffusion weighted scans (b1000) and corresponding ADC maps showing the evolution of diffusion changes in the left caudate head at seventeen (A&B) and eighteen (C&D) years of age. The newest parts of the lesion (arrow) show low ADC consistent with restricted water diffusion. |
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