image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_2/PMC4078004_F4_302675.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Localization using confocal microscopy. Bright field, fluorescence, and overlay DIC images of uninfected and infected cells loaded with Fluo-8 AM (top and bottom pairs of rows, respectively). Cells were loaded in the presence or absence of probenecid (Pr) and imaged in media containing 1 mM Ca++. Cell-associated fluorescence is not detected in uninfected cells in the absence of probenecid, consistent with exported Fluo-8; probenecid reveals a weak intracellular signal. With infected cells, a clear signal is detected within both host and parasite compartments. Cell-to-cell variability prevented quantitative assessment of probenecid effect. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2749060_F1_46686.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Follistatin representative microscopic views of: mRNA expression (A, C, E, G, I) as detected by in situ hybridization (ISH); and protein expression (B, D, F, H, J) as identified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for normal breast (NB), florid hyperplasia (FH), fibroadenoma (FIB), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). FST staining was detected in the epithelial cytoplasm (arrow) and nucleus (arrowhead) in the normal, benign and malignant breast tissue, with a stronger staining in the FIB peri-alveolar stromal cells. Negative controls were performed omitting anti-Dig antibody; Dig-labelled probe and anti-Dig antibody for ISH (K) and omitting the primary antibody for IHC (L). Bar 50 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08066.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Pre-operative IOPA radiograph |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3702654_f2-etm-05-06-1649_215994.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Case 2. (A) Computed tomography (CT) imaging prior to treatment (3/2/2009); (B) CT imaging following treatment (10/20/2010); (C) upper lobe of the right lung prior to treatment (3/11/2009); (D) upper lobe of the right lung following treatment (10/20/2010). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3988863_fig2_281665.jpg | What is shown in this image? | (a) Computed tomography angiography that displayed middle meningeal artery pseudoaneurysm. (b) More detailed image of the vascular lesion in computed tomography angiography with three-dimensional reconstruction of vessel and middle cranial fossa. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3459881_pone-0046052-g006_157763.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Localization of SMVT in infected HeLa cells using immunofluorescence microscopy.HeLa cells were mock infected (A) or infected with C. trachomatis 434/Bu (B) for 20–24 hours, fixed and permeablized, and probed with anti-IncA antibodies (shown in green) and anti-SMVT (H56) antibodies (shown in red). The location of inclusions viewed under phase contrast (top panel) and fluorescence (middle and bottom panels) are shown with white arrows. The inset in panel (B) was created by merging the red and green channel micrographs. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3322675_fig2_133263.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Clinical view of the device placement in rabbit proximal tibial epiphysis (a). X-ray micrograph of the surgical site (b). Histological ground section of an implant device. The implant is medially and laterally surrounded by cortical and trabecular host bone. LM, toluidine blue, and acid fuchsin staining, 1x. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4550786_F4_417873.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Functional connectivity difference maps of the right FG between the aMCI and control group; (P < 0.01, 28 voxels, corrected for multiple comparisons); Abbreviations: MOG, middle occipital gyrus; LING, lingual gyrus; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; ITG, inferior temporal gyrus; ParaHip, parahippocampus; SMG, supramarginal gyrus; SMA, supplementary motor area; L, left; R, right; Letter A represents the left ParaHip and letter B represents the left ITG. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3459693_F1_157628.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Cervical spine X-rays. Serial X-rays of the cervical spine revealed syndesmophyte formation between C5 and C6 and subsequent regression following peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in April 2008. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4615941_F3_435397.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Histopathological damage in rats liver given LPS, emodin only and cotreated with LPS/emodin. (A) Liver sections from rats were treated with vehicle (0.5% CMC-Na); (B) with LPS (2.8 mg/kg); (C) emodin (20 mg/kg); (D) emodin (40 mg/kg); (E) emodin (80 mg/kg); (F) LPS/emodin (20 mg/kg); (G) LPS/emodin (40 mg/kg); (H) LPS/emodin (80 mg/kg). Liver samples were collected at 7 h after LPS tail intravenously injection (HE stained, × 200 magnification) and HE staining was performed to investigate the histological changes in all experimental groups. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4604072_Fig3_432931.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Effects of QDP on histopathological changes and MPO activity in colon of mice with DSS-induced colitis. a control; b DSS model; c SASP; d 0.77 g/kg QDP; e 1.54 g/kg QDP; f 3.08 g/kg QDP (magnification, ×100); g histological score; and h MPO activity. Colitis was induced in all groups except control group. QDP and SASP were administered to mice from day 6 to 12. On day 13, mice were sacrificed, and colonic tissue damage was evaluated by histopathological analysis (H&E staining). MPO activity was determined in colonic homogenates. Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 7–9) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3917915_pone-0088417-g004_265559.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Id1/Id3 knockout mice have increased tubular damage following IRI compared with WT and Id1 transgenic mice.Hematoxylin and eosin staining of kidney sections from WT (A), Id1/Id3 KO (B) and TRE Id1 (C) mice at day 3 following IRI with corresponding assessment of tubular damage expressed as tubular injury index (1–5) (D) from 5 mice (mean +/− SEM) in each genotype *p<.01. Ki67 staining of from WT (E), Id1/Id3 KO (F) and TRE Id1 (G) mice at day 3 following IRI with corresponding cell counts (H) from 5 mice (Ki67 positive cells/HPF from 10 fields/kidney, mean +/− SEM) in each genotype *p<.001 (unpaired two-tailed t-test). Original magnification = 400X. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4527728_pntd.0003945.g005_412777.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Magnetic resonance imaging of chagasic mice.(A) Representative magnetic resonance images in diastole. A sequence of images from the same animal is shown in each line. Observe the enlargement of the right ventricle (RV) in the placebo group. (B) RV end-diastolic volume (EDV) was significantly higher in placebo-treated when compared to ASC-treated animals. (C) RV end-systolic volume (ESV) was significantly higher in placebo-treated when compared to ASC-treated and non-infected mice. No differences were found in RV ejection fraction (EF) (D) or in left ventricular EDV (E), ESV (F) or EF (G) (*p<0.05, non-infec n = 3, placebo n = 6, ASC n = 6 for all parameters). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3881923_f1-ol-07-02-0393_256737.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Representative immunohistochemical staining in normal bile mucosa and CC. (A) Negative signal of FXYD6 was detected in normal bile duct tissues. By contrast, moderate expression of FXYD6 was found in (B) well-differentiated papillocarcinoma and significant FXYD6 expression was found in (C) moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma, (D) poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma and (E) lymph node metastases. (F and G) Negative signal of FXYD6 was detected in bile duct (red arrow), poorly-differentiated CC (black arrow) and (H) mucinous carcinoma. (I) FXYD6 was widely distributed in the infiltrative nerve (the dotted area) and the CC cells (red arrow). Magnification, (A, B, C, H and I) ×200 and (D, E, F and G) ×400. CC, cholangiocarcinoma. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3878502_F3_255789.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Areas of statistically significant brain volumetric increases across the selected studies (displayed in the axial, coronal and sagittal plans) in patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic medications. Peak coordinates (x;y;z) in the Talairach stereotactic space are presented. L left; R right. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3882241_pone-0084822-g004_256864.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Diurnal variations of λ// map.Brain areas with significant increase of λ// in AM than in PM (P<0.05, cluster size >168 voxels). The results are projected on the Ch2.nii template. The left side of the image is the right side of the brain (radiological representation). Color bar indicates t value (Red-yellow, AM >PM, blue-green, AM<PM). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1046.jpg | What is present? | oral |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4240575_pone-0110727-g002_338399.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Demonstration of multiscale vessel enhancement filtering.A) Contrast enhanced T1 weighted images at 3 Tesla of a patient with right temporal glioblastoma. B) 7 Tesla ToF angiography maximum intensity projection. Within the selected VOI (E) (representative slide in (C)), vessels are automatically detected and visualized (F) (representative slide with red colored vessels in (D)). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4190447_Fig1_326432.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description |
Immunoexpression of P-cadherin, HIF-1α, GLUT1, CAIX, MCT1, MCT4 and CD147 in breast cancer samples. Immunohistochemical staining for P-cadherin (A), HIF-1α (B), GLUT1 (C), CAIX (D), MCT1 (E), MCT4 (F) and CD147 (G) expression in primary invasive breast carcinomas. Images A, C, D, F and G are in 200x magnification; B and E are in 100X magnification. N: necrosis. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3319631_pone-0035143-g002_132795.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Liver histology of mice fed with a high AGE diet or a regular AGE diet for 26 weeks.Mice on the high AGE diet (A) or the regular AGE diet (B) for 26 weeks were whole-body perfused before liver collection. Cryosections of the livers were stained with H&E, or oil red O (ORO), respectively. Each row has the typical images of H&E and ORO staining of the same liver. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4623688_F5_438034.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Effects of BFA on Al distribution (green) and vesicle trafficking (red). Five-day-old seedlings of WT and OX1 were pre-stained with 5 μM FM 4–64 for 30min and then exposed to 35 μM BFA+50 μM AlCl3 for 3h (A), 35 μM BFA+50 μM AlCl3 for 3h followed by 0.5mM CaCl2 for 1h (B), or 50 μM AlCl3 for 3h followed by 35 μM BFA for 2h (C). Roots were transversely sectioned at 0.5mm from the apexes for morin staining and observation. (This figure is available in colour at JXB online.) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3133677_fig06_101894.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Expression patterns of zWisp1-c16, zWISP2-c23, and zCyr61-c8 detected by in situ hybridization. a–d: Photographs of 52 hours postfertilization (hpf) embryos demonstrating colocalization of zWisp1-c16 and thyroglobulin. zWisp1-c16 expression is indicated in blue (a–d) and thyroglobulin expression in red (c,d). Y, yolk. e–g: Photographs of zebrafish embryos staged at 70 hpf demonstrating zWISP2-c23 expression in the pharyngeal arches; g is at higher magnification and with a deeper focal view of the arches seen in f. h: Photograph of a 24 hpf embryo demonstrating zCyr61-c8 expression in prechordal plate (arrow). Scale bars = 100 μm in a–c and g, 50 μm in d –f. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4539420_fig1_415314.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Coronal view of MRI T1-weighted image (a), segmentation of the brain in FreeSurfer (b), and 18F-FDG PET registered on MRI (c) for each group. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_17737.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Measurement of the thickness of the MPFL in its three thirds. The MPFL was characterized as a band of greater focal and continuous thickness in relation to the other portions of the medial patellar retinaculum, presenting a low signal in proton density sequences, extending from the medial edge of the upper half of the patella to the posterior portion of the medial epicondyle of the femur. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qg1eu70832bucwbqvd.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2846683_fig5_60710.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Endometrial stromal sarcoma, low grade is circumscribed from the surrounding myometrium (a), ×40; and higher magnification of endometrial stromal sarcoma shows round uniform tumor cells resembling the stroma of proliferative endometrium with low mitotic rate (b), ×200. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC1351192_F2_4405.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | The post-operative T- tube cholangiography. It is demonstrating a fistula (open black arrow) located between the CBD (solid arrow) and the duodenum (open white arrow). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4631902_fig9s3_440462.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Additional assessment of renal potential of MP cells.Undifferentiated hES cells failed to integrate into renal organoids. Unlike MP cells, undifferentiated ES cells failed to integrate into the renal orgaoind structures as indicated by the lack of HuNu staining. The last row of images demonstrates ES cells are present in the culture but are not incorporated into the renal aggregates. Scale bar = 25 µm.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08413.025 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4455320_PLT012F7_393430.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Comparison of CNGC20FL-GFP localization with markers for the tonoplast. Confocal laser scanning microscope images of leaf protoplasts co-transfected with CNGC20FL-GFP and (A, B) αTIP-mCherry or (C) γTIP-mCherry. Column 1, GFP signal (green); column 2, RFP signal (red); column 3, merged GFP and RFP signals; column 4, merged GFP and RFP signals with chlorophyll autofluorescence (blue). Scale bars represent 5 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_12696.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Severe traumatic brain injury with skull impression, intraventricular bleeding, midline shift, brain edema, and intracerebral bleeding. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2587461_F7_30611.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Immunodetection of c-MAF in different stages of the Iberian mole lens development. At 12 dpc (E12), c-Maf is expressed in all the cells of the mouse lens. At later stages (E18), it is down-regulated in the epithelial cells, being expressed mainly in the differentiating lens fibres. In the mole, c-MAF is detected in the lens pit (s4a). From the beginning of primary lens fibre differentiation, fibre cells appeared more immunoreactive than epithelial cells, although both cell types were clearly c-MAF-positive (s5a-s6). However, some single cells showed no evident c-MAF expression in postnatal stages (s11) (arrows). Scale bar represents 200 μm in E18 figure, and 100 μm in all the rest. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/cell_other/train_2947.jpg | Is cardiovascular present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4089241_F1_304725.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Lung spiral CT on November 1, 2009, showing incidental finding of an infiltration |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3556411_fig2_181666.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | CT scan to evaluate the position of supernumeraries. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3904075_F2_261791.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | VSD-activity and local active information storage (LAIS) maps. VSD activity averaged over stimulation epochs and time after stimulus onset after the initial transient (0.2–1 s) (left column). LAIS map immediately after stimulus onset—negative values (blue) indicate surprise of the system (middle column). Time-average LAIS maps from the stimulus period after the initial transient (0.2–1 s) (right column). Rows 1–7 present different stimulus motion directions: 0, 45, 90, 180, 225, 270, 315 (in degrees, indicated by arrows on the right, arrow colors match time-trace colors in Figure 3). 67 × 137 data pixel per image, pixel dimension 30 × 32 μm2. Left–right image direction is anterior–posterior direction. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3118187_F8_99554.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Single HT-1080 cell, migrating towards a FCS gradient pointing from the right to the left side (higher concentration is on the left side). The image was acquired with an epi fluorescence mode using a 60× oil immersion objective (Nikon). Scale bar is 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4169573_pone-0107503-g006_321485.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Platelets are observable in skeletal muscle vasculature.Platelets were labelled in vivo prior to muscle sampling. A) Imaging of muscle sections for the presence of platelets occurred under fluorescent microscopy in conjunction with B) rhodamine Griffonia simplicifolia lectin-1 staining for visualisation of vasculature, and C) DAPI for localisation of nuclei. D) A merged image of the three other panels depicts platelets within a venule, a potential locus for angiogenesis. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic57204.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | tuberous sclerosis |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3342104_F2_136381.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Ultrasound examination of the lymph-nodes in regio IIA on both sides (upper panel: the lymph node on the right side; lower panel: the lymph node on the left side): The masses showed a widely defined border, a hypoechoic internal pattern with anechoic areas and a dorsal enhancement. No vessels within the lesions could be detected by Doppler-ultrasound and the regular lymph node anatomy with hilum and cortex was depleted. Therefore, the lesions were suspicious of containing metastastic tumor masses. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1569370_F6_7185.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | HCV NS3/4A colocalizes with Cardif at mitochondrial membrane. The localization of HCV proteins and Cardif was studied in Huh7 cells. The cells were transfected with HCV protein expression constructs (NS3/4A, core or NS5A) and 48 h later cells were fixed and stained. The colocalization was visualised by confocal microscopy. Cells were stained for Cardif (endogenous) (A, D, G, J), mitochondria with Mitotracker Red 580 (B), NS3/4A (E), core (H) and NS5A (K) and the signals were merged (C, F, I, L). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3514264_pone-0050174-g008_170516.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you |
In vitro cellular uptake of the AraHH001 aptamer and control zero cycle pools in acidic compartments of mTECs.mTECs was incubated with FITC-tagged aptamer AraHH001 and zero cycle pools at 37°C for 30 minutes to check internalization, and were stained live nuclei with Hoechst 33342 and acidic compartments with LysoTracker Red and analyses with confocal laser scanning microscopy. A. (FITC-tagged aptamer AraHH001 and zero cycle pools). B. (Uptake of Lysotracker red into the acidic compartments of mTECs). C. (merge of images, Hoechst, A, and B). D. (merge of image Hoechst, A and B+DIC). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_16703.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Arterial phase of CT chest scan in sagittal plane shows blushes of contrast (arrow) extending into the hematoma at the level of 7th posterior rib. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gm0s55z071u6bws6y9p.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3751860_F2_227137.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | FETEM and EDX images of Fe3O4particles. (a) Low and (b) high magnifications of FETEM images and (c) EDX analysis and Fe3O4 size distribution (inset). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3342764_fig10_136521.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | (a) A single slice of a transmission electron micrograph of
a NMJ showing the presynaptic axonal end with many spherical vesicles filled
with neurotransmitters (pointed to by arrows). Pre- and postsynaptic
membranes. (Image courtesy http://www.starklab.slu.edu.)
(b,c) Snapshots of a portion of our
spatially realistic three-dimensional NMJ model spanning molecular and
cellular scales. The AChR ion channels that populate the postsynaptic muscle
membrane are shown in quasi-atomic resolution (1.5 nm), as are the
AChE (enzymes) molecules floating in the synaptic cleft and attached to the
basal lamina with collagen stalks (not shown). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2959.jpg | What is present ? | Cardiovascular |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2866.jpg | Does metastatic colon cancer show cholangiocarcinoma? | no |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4005056_fig3_284874.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | (a) Axial contrast-enhanced CT of the upper abdomen during the portal-venous phase demonstrates thrombosed left and middle hepatic veins (thin arrows). The proximal end of the TIPS stent is seen within the IVC which is occluding ostia of the left and middle hepatic veins (black arrow). The right hepatic vein is patent and adequately opacified with IV contrast (thick arrow). A wedge-shaped hypodense area in hepatic segments V and VIII (asterisk) representing hepatic infarction. (b) Coronal MIP image of the upper abdomen shows the position of the TIPS stent, communicating the right portal vein and the mid hepatic vein with its most cranial tip within the IVC (arrowhead). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3638503_fig2_201583.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | H&E stain, low (a) and high (b) power microscopic views. Intramucosal micronodules, shaped in a characteristic whorled pattern with concentric growth. Cells are epithelioid to spindle shaped with mild cytologic atypia. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3719216_F1_219436.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Localization of human Eg5 in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. (A) Whole cell two-color image of a GFP-α-tubulin (green), Eg5-mCherry (red) expressing Drosophila S2 cell line. Interphase localization of human Eg5 to microtubules is evident. (B) Still frames from a time-lapse of a mitotic cell expressing GFP-α-tubulin (green), Eg5-mCherry (red). In mitosis Eg5 localizes to spindle microtubules and is enriched at spindle poles. Scale bars are 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3485088_F3_162779.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | The effect of Fizz1 overexpression on the lung histology. H&E stained lung sections from CCSP/- and CCSP/Fizz1 mice on Dox for 8 weeks at 10X (top) & 20X (bottom) magnification. Histological examination reveals no detectable changes in the morphology of airways, blood vessels and also inflammatory cells in the lung tissues of CCSP/- and CCSP/Fizz1 mice on Dox for 8 weeks. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3538690_pone-0053813-g002_177290.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | TGFβ signaling is required for load-induced bone formation.Micro-computed tomography images of loaded and nonloaded WT and DNTβRII tibiae (A) show that loading increases cortical bone thickness of WT bone more than DNTβRII bone. The overall fluorochrome intake was reduced in the DNTβRII mice despite a slightly increased basal mineral apposition rate in DNTβRII mice relative to WT (B). Results of dynamic bone histomorphometry are consistent with micro-CT, showing that the relative load-mediated increase in bone mineral apposition rate is significantly lower in DNTβRII tibiae than in WT (C) (* p<0.05). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyjdo70086udxu2avwc.jpg | Where in the image is the instrument? | Upper-left, Lower-left, Center-left |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3287112_F1_127456.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Localisation of haemorrhagic event. (a, b) CT radiographic imaging demonstrating a peripheral acute haematoma involving the left periolandic cortices extending over the left lateral cerebral convexity. (c) T2-weighted MRI demonstrating peripherally located haematoma within the left parietal lobe with surrounding oedema and mild compression of the precentral gyrus. (d) CT radiographic imaging 7 days later demonstrating maturing left precentral haematoma. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_30060.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Static frame of a cine SSFP oblique vertical long axis cardiac MR image. Low signal intensity, tubular shaped, worm-like mass (white arrow) is seen within the IVC. A smaller tubular shaped mass of similar characteristics is visualized within the right pulmonary artery (red arrow), related to extension of tumor to the pulmonary vasculature. Pericardial effusion (yellow star). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4590370_F2_428945.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | MRI images for different types of UFs. Left: Before HIFUA; right: after HIFUA. First row: intramural fibroid; second row: subserosal fibroid; third row:submucosal fibroid. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0416.jpg | What are necrosis of mucosa and periappendicitis? | other changes present |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3136423_F1_102203.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | The HASTE images from MRI. The (a) coronal, (b) axial, and (c) sagittal images showed an irregular consolidated mass about 1.2 cm in diameter at the posterior segment of the right upper lobe. Under black blood preparation, the lesion easily stood out from the clear background without the appearance of any vessels. (d) The findings from chest radiography were negative. The nodule was surgically proved to be squamous cell carcinoma, stage Ia. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4077064_F1_302453.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Chest CT scans of preoperative and postoperative. A: A chest CT scan showed a 20 × 25 × 20 mm mass on the right middle lobe as well as an amount of pleural effusion on admission. B: An emergent chest CT scan showed a huge gas cavity and liquid located in the up right chest cavity. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4196951_pone-0110194-g005_327799.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Examination of early postnatal stages in OC2-KO retinas.To determine whether this decrease in horizontal cells was confined to the fully mature retina, or was present earlier in development, immunohistochemistry was performed on the early postnatal retina. Age-matched animals were processed for either retinal sections (P5) or flatmounts (P10) and stained with an anti-Rhodopsin antibody (A,A’), an anti-Chx10 antibody (B,B’), or an anti-Calbindin 28k antibody (C,C’,D,D’). Scale bars represent 100 µm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxve90js074yfcft04k6.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1559682_F4_7001.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Immunohistochemical staining for c-Myc and TGFα in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. 4A, 4B and 4C: c-Myc staining showing that most tumor cells manifest positive nuclear staining. 4D and 4E: TGFα staining showing most tumor cells are positive for TGFα. Note that the staining is mainly localized in the cytoplasm of most tumor cells, but it is also localized in the nucleus (arrows) of some tumor cells. 4F: a "normal" area of pancreatic tissue adjacent to cancer, showing that ductal cells (arrows), but not acinar cells, are positive for TGFα. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3131574_f3-ijms-12-03489_101645.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Representative images of immunostaining of DJ-1 in primary advanced non-small cell lung cancer tumors with DJ-1-low expression (A) and DJ-1-high expression (B) (200× magnification). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03717.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Normal seminal vesicles (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4179853_Fig3_323731.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | The histopathologic findings after stimulation on Brain (a), C-spine (b), T-spine (c) and L-spine (d). The stimulating electrode was implanted on the motor cortex. We stimulated the brain, C-spine, T-spine and L-spine at a frequency of 2 Hz and 50% of the movement threshold of 1 V (als-1), a frequency of 50 Hz and 50% of the movement threshold of 0.7 V (als-2) and a frequency of 70 Hz and 50% of the movement threshold of 0.6 V (als-3) for continuously 24 hours. There were no significant differences in the number of neurons showing degenerative changes between the stimulating and reference sites. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_48973.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Axial image shows the area of the external auditory canal (EAC) bony portion. The white line shows the contour of the bony EAC, drawn manually. The right picture illustrates reconstruction of the virtual bony EAC, and the volume of the bony EAC was calculated automatically. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3433305_F2_152958.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Immunohistochemical staining of cervical biopsies for claspin expression.A: CIN1 showing low immunoreactivity. B: CIN2 showing moderate immunoreactivity. C: CIN3 showing high immunoreactivity. D: Squamous Cell Carcinoma showing high immunoreactivity. Counterstaining with haematoxylin. Magnification 20X, scale bar = 30 μm. CIN Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3010696_fig2_82422.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Superficial esophageal mucosa ((a),(b)) invaded by candidal psudohyphae. Grocott-Methenamine silver (original magnification 200x (a)/400x (b)). Renal biopsy ((c), (d), (e)) shows ischemic glomerular tuft with thick and wrinkled basement membrane (PAS stain 40x) (c) and extensive tubular loss with replacement by fibrosis (Masson trichrome stain 40x) (d). The interstitium shows lymphocytes and plasma cells (arrows) (H&E 40x) (e). The immunofluorescence staining for C3 and C1q is shown in (f) and (g), respectively. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3098388_fig6_96388.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Activation of β-catenin stimulates proliferation in transgene positive epidermal cells. Immunohistochemical labeling with anti-Ki67 (brown) of back and tail skin from wild type (WT) (A, D), K15ΔNβ-cateninER (K15) (B, E) and ∆K5ΔNβ-cateninER (ΔK5) (C, F) transgenic mice following treatment with 4OHT for 21 days. Scale bars: 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3530867_fig3_175201.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate (a) and (b) CD68 macrophages (c) and (d) CD3: original magnification ×200. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4365485_f03_369225.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | TACC3 +TIP activity is via its interaction with ch-TOG and is separate from the TACC3–ch-TOG–clathrin inter-MT bridge complex.Single frame, merge and color projection of live-cell imaging of TACC3-depleted HeLa cells expressing mCherry-tubulin (red) and RNAi-resistant GFP-TACC3 (green), mutants that do not interact with ch-TOG (Δ678-681, Δ682-688), or two mutants that cannot bind clathrin: non-phosphorylatable mutant (S558A) or dileucine mutant (LL566,567AA). Cells in interphase or anaphase together with typical kymographs are shown (right). Similar results were achieved in RPE1 cells. Scale bars, 20 µm and 10 seconds (kymo). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1ps1e0r08324assa60v.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3814919_f3_240650.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Brain MRI of patient 2 at presentation showed an irregular ring-enhancing lesion in the right frontoparietal region with maximal transverse dimension of 2.2 cm (
A). After 10 days of anti-toxoplasma treatment and antiretroviral therapy, follow-up MRI revealed no significant interval change of enhancing frontoparietal lesion (
B). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4260376_Fig7_342876.jpg | Describe the image concisely. |
Delayed hepatobiliary-phase of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Following administration of gadobenate dimeglumine, additional hepatic tumors were found (A and B, white arrows). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glms4nr071u3lxf2s1v.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2654708_pone-0004919-g002_35958.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Copper-dependent activation of eGfp expression in the senescent state.(A) Transformant Mt_eGfp was grown on copper-deprived (BCS), standard and CuSO4-supplemented medium and subsequently analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Below each panel the corresponding brightfield (Bf) pictures are shown. (B) Elevated eGfp expression in the senescent state of the Mt_eGfp transformant. The inset in the right-hand panel shows a magnification of the marked area. The eGFP protein is distributed within the cytoplasm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3975281_F2_278699.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Radiographs of a representative case. A. An anteroposterior pelvic radiograph of a 57-year-old woman with Crowe IV complete dislocation of the right hip. B. A postoperative radiograph at 11 and a half years after a total hip arthroplasty with limb lengthening by 4.5 cm, showing no loosening or radiolucent line. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4081180_fig-4_303215.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Transverse microCT slice of Heterocephalus glaber.Transverse microCT slice through the head of Heterocephalus glaber stained with iodine potassium iodide. Abbreviations: azm, anterior zygomaticomandibularis (dark green); dm, deep masseter (dark blue); mp, medial pterygoid (orange); pr, pars reflexa of the superficial masseter (light blue); pzm, posterior zygomaticomandibularis (light green); sm(t), tendon of superficial masseter (light blue). White line on 3D reconstruction shows position of slice. Scale bar = 5 mm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2723934_pone-0006668-g001_43171.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | The dose dependency and radiographic appearance of S. aureus pneumonia.(A): Bacterial burden and percent mortality during S. aureus pneumonia following 24 hours post intranasal (i.n.) infection. The horizontal bar in the left most figure represents the average bacterial burden presented as colony forming units of homogenized lung tissue with the boxes representing the standard deviation of the sample population. (B): Murine CT imaging correlated with pulmonary pathology at 24 hours. (C): Murine serial CT imaging of a single mouse following i.n. inoculation with 3.7×108 CFU S. aureus. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3397558_f2-ijms-13-07776_145139.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Effects of polydatin on pulmonary artery morphology during hypopiesia and hypoxia (HE staining, at 200× magnification). (A) normoxic group; (B) hypobaric and hypoxic group; (C) silaenafil group; (D) 5 mg/kg polydatin group; (E) 10 mg/kg polydatin group; (F) 20 mg/kg polydatin group. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3578778_pgen-1003294-g004_186849.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | PIN8 expression in leaf development.(A–F,H–K) Top right: genotype, leaf age in days after germination (DAG). Bottom left: reproducibility index. Confocal laser scanning microscopy without (A–F) or with (H–K) transmitted light; first leaves. (A–E) Green: PIN8::PIN8:GFP expression; magenta: chlorophyll. (F) Expression at 3.25 DAG of PIN8::PIN8:GFP (left), staining by ER-Tracker Red (centre) and their overlay displayed with a dual-channel LUT (defined in Figure 2) (right). (G) 5-DAG first leaf illustrating positions of close-ups in (D) and (K). (H–K) PIN6::YFPnuc expression. Bars: (A,H) 10 µm; (B–E,I–K) 50 µm; (F) 2 µm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3938734_pone-0090440-g006_270715.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | SEM micrographs of the rice straw residue surface on different days after incubation: A 0 d, B 15 d, C 60 d and D 110 d. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2803887_F4_54239.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Transfemoral arteriography demonstrating an aneurysm of the left gastric artery of 40 mm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4411292_f4_381253.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Localization of EGFP-β-actin at stereocilia tips is polymerization dependent.Localization of wild-type EGFP-β-actin, EGFP alone (negative control), and mutant EGFP-β-actinG63D or mutant EGFP-β-actinG13R (green) at 4 and 24 h post transfection. (a) Wild-type EGFP-β-actin was enriched at stereocilia tips with diffuse labelling along the shafts at 4 and 24 h post transfection. Consistent with our live-cell imaging observations, two stereocilia appear to have elongated from the distal end (arrowheads). In contrast, (b–d) EGFP-β-actinG63D, EGFP-β-actinG13R and the EFGP control were present diffusely throughout the hair cell body, stereocilia bundle and occasionally the kinocilium (arrows) at 4 and 24 h. F-actin is labelled with rhodamine phalloidin (red). Scale bar, 5 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_68312.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Four vessel angiography 3 weeks after surgery showing long segmental, luminal narrowing and luminal irregularities involving the extracranial portion of the left vertebral artery with marked decreased blood flow, consistent with traumatic injury with possible luminal thrombosis |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3505566_Fig3_168297.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | A 55-year-old male with sudden onset of transitory aphasia. a DWI (b-factor 1000) shows an area of restricted diffusion in the left parietal region. b PD-weighted SE image shows an AVM in the pineal region. c DSA proves a combined pial-dural AVM. Although the precise pathogenesis of acute neurological symptomatology in a patient with an AVM is unknown, the “steal phenomenon” may play a role in its development. DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; PD, proton density; SE, spin echo; AVM, arteriovenous malformation; DSA, digital subtraction angiography |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3064650_F1_91120.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Esophagojejunal anastomotic leak (Gastrografin swallow). The arrow indicates the leak. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2453530_fig3_25272.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Single-particle analysis of a chaperonin GroEL based on ZPC-TEM. (a) A conventional TEM and (b) a ZPC-TEM micrograph of a vitrified GroEL sample obtained using a 300 kV TEM. (c) A three-dimensional reconstruction of GroEL with a nominal resolution of 1.23 nm. (d) Assessment of analysis efficiency by plotting the attained three-dimensional resolution against the number of particles sampled in the three-dimensional reconstruction (diamonds, CTEM; squares, ZPC-TEM). Adapted from figs. 3 and 5 of Danev & Nagayama (2008). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3422203_F7_150545.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (A) Brain section from a CCL2 transgenic mouse that was administered 10 μg/kg PTx and immunolabeled for laminin (brown) shows that the dextrans (red fluorescence) have crossed the basal lamina of the endothelial layer. (B) Fluorescence microscopic imaging of a vessel that is leaking dextrans (red) with corresponding staining for GFAP (green) and DAPI (blue) from a CCL2 transgenic mouse that was administered 20 μg/kg PTx. Overlay shows that the dextrans have moved past the astrocytic barrier. (C) Comparable images of a non-leaking vessel shows dextrans confined to the perivascular space. Original magnification 100×. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic57750.jpg | is this a ct scan? | no |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2734.jpg | What is present? | cardiovascular |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvf90lo074y5ckl4aji.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_80163.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Orthopantomography at 14 years 6 months of age. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3263800_RSTA20090209F7_122946.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | (a) Projected distribution of dark matter in the COSMOS field from the analysis of Massey et al. (2007a). The blue map reveals the density of dark matter as inferred from the pattern of weak distortions viewed in background galaxies by the Hubble Space Telescope. (b) Equivalent map for the baryonic matter as revealed by a combination of the stellar mass in galaxies imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope and hot gas imaged with the X-ray satellite XMM–Newton. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2440756_F1_24820.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Two-dimensional echocardiogram, apical four-chamber view. (a) Pre-operative: a round echodense large mass attached to the calcified mitral annulus is seen. (b) Postoperative: a smaller round echodense mass attached to the calcified annulus is seen. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00154.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | A chest radiograph shows reticulonodular shadowing with bilateral apical lung fibrosis and high density nodules in coal workers pneumoconiosis |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4306300_F3_352934.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Comparison of MP-MRI exam before and after radiotherapy. T2-weighted MRI, ADC map, and contrast-versus-time curves pre- (A) and 3 months post-RT (B) of two prostate regions are shown: malignant lesion pre-treatment (blue) and healthy appearing PZ (red). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3372513_pone-0038418-g001_141292.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Imaging the visceral adipose tissues (VATs) of lean and obese mice with NLO microscopy.(A) Histology of lean (upper panel) and obese (lower panel) VATs. (B) CARS imaging of lipid droplets of adipocytes (red) and two-photon fluorescence (TPF) imaging of preadipocytes (green) immunolabeled with FITC-conjugated antibodies to Pref-1 of a lean VAT. (C) CARS imaging of lipid droplets (red) and two-photon autofluorescence imaging of unidentified cells (green) surrounding an adipocyte of an obese VAT. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2769479_fig-001_49566.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | (A,B) Computed tomography of the brain on admission shows a 5 mm thick linear hyperdense lesion along the right side of the interhemispheric fissure. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4055030_fig4_297202.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | (a) Curved reconstructed image along the right renal artery visualizing in a better way the saccular shape of the aneurysm and the central enhancement from the contrast flow within it. (b) 3D volume rendering technique image of the right renal artery demonstrating the detected aneurysm in an illustrative way and providing us with its detailed anatomy. |
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