image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_3/PMC2780380_F1_51536.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | AnxA1 expression correlates with the severity of EAE. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG35-55 and CFA and spinal cords removed at day 12 (score 0), day 18 (score 2) and (C) day 20 (score 4). The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (A) or anti-AnxA1 (B) as described in Materials and Methods. For each staining, the right panels (20×) show a higher magnification of an area of the left panels (4×). Results representative of 3 experiments. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4653233_Fig5_445959.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Radiography of the bamboo cervical spine (left) and bilateral sacroiliac joints (right) of case 1 |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2828486_pone-0009427-g007_57939.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | MYC levels are reduced and Nkx3.1 protein is markedly increased in cribriform PIN/CIS lesions.(A–D) Low power view (original magnification 40×) of the ventral prostate from a Lo-MYC MYC mouse at 1 year of age that contains residual PIN glands (*) and cribriform PIN/CIS (circled in black dotted line). (E–H) A higher power view (original magnification 200×) of a different mouse showing both PIN and cribriform PIN/CIS in the same microscopic field. Immunostains as indicated show a moderate reduction in MYC staining overall and a marked increase in Nkx3.1 in cribriform PIN/CIS areas. AR expression is retained in both PIN and cribriform PIN/CIS. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glos4rr071u0ozt8mdm.jpg | Is there text? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3150328_pone-0022368-g002_104435.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | The MFG (A) and MTG (B) ROIs.The figure presents the selected ROIs in three orthogonal views (sagittal, coronal, axial). ROIs were extracted from a contrast map between CTR targets vs. CTR primes. The x,y,z Talairach coordinates for the right MFG and MTG are set on the center of mass coordinates of each ROI as follows: x = 36, y = 30, z = 21; x = 59, y = −50, z = 5, respectively. The left ROIs were achieved by flipping the right ones. The functional ROIs were superimposed on a reference anatomical image (Holmes et al., 1998). Display follows radiological convention. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_37242.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Computed tomography scan revealing the extension of the clot to the common iliac veins. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4207233_F2_329844.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Figure 2:Top left- A large retroperitoneal mass(white arrow) in the right hypochondrium, densely adherent to diaphragm superiorly, inferiorly to right kidney. Inferior vena cava is stretched and densely adherent to the anterior surface of the mass. Top right- Specimen excised in toto. Bottom left and Bottom right- A well formed FIF. The fetus is anencephalic; well developed upper(green arrows) and lower limbs(red arrows) with well formed male external genitalia, long hair also seen. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q51ejj083293wbaf9v.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4306102_F4_352809.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Typical ultrasound images of normal carotid arteries and aortas of different rhesus monkeys. A, B and C show images of normal intima plus medial thickness measurement of RBIF, LBIF and AO, respectively. The values of IMT in picture A, B and C are 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm and 0.3 mm respectively. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2313.jpg | What is present? | thymus |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3817793_F17_241123.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | SEM micrographs of a 40 nm Au film on Si, after exposition to a 300 ps laser pulse at 800 nm wavelength. (a) Overview over the ablation spot, (b) and (c) blow-ups of the transition region with two different magnifications. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2615207_pone-0003914-g007_32320.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Proliferation during ossification of the skull.A–C. Phospho-Histone H3 staining of the frontoparietal bone. A. Stage 52, B. 56, and C. 60, 40× magnification. There is positive staining in the lateral aspects of the frontoparietal bone and surrounding cartilages at Stages 52 and 56 (white arrow heads); no staining is observed at Stage 60 once the frontoparietal bone has completely ossified. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic31072.jpg | was the ct scan taken with contrast? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3570973_fig1671_185352.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | A) Initial radiograph of first maxillary molar with one buccal root; B) Two orifices were detected in the floor of the tooth; C) Working length determination; D) Post-operative radiograph after treatment; E) One-year recall |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4444308_pone.0126006.g008_389525.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Meristems in wus phb phv cna plants.(A, B) Dissected wus seedlings imaged by SEM reveal no meristem-like structures. (C-F) Dissected wus phb phv cna seedlings reveal meristem-like structures (C,E—arrows). At higher magnification, meristem structures similar to wild-type are observed (D,F; c.f, Fig 4A). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4090163_pone-0101246-g004_304797.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Starch accumulation in ‘matured’ (A–D), ‘dry’ (E–H) and ‘germinating’ (I–L) Brachypodium embryos detected by PAS reaction.Cross sections through the scutellum (A, E, I), coleoptile and SAM with leaf primordia (B, F, J), RAM (C, G, K), the root cap and coleorhiza (D, H, L). Bar: 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3311068_F5_131300.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Height (a-d) and phase (a'-d') images of the blended film at A0 = 30 nm. (a, a'): rsp = 0.95; (b, b'): rsp = 0.85; (c, c'): rsp = 0.77; (d, d'): rsp = 0.1. The spring constant is 40 N/m, and the scan size is 500 nm × 500 nm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3237556_pone-0028911-g004_119245.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Assessment of metaphase chromosomes and pluripotency.(A–C) Chromosome analysis. Metaphase spreads of BK4-G3.16 cells were stained with Giemsa. A representative picture of ∼20 analyzed metaphase spreads per clone is shown. (D–L) Assessment of pluripotency. ZFN-treated BK4-G3.16 cells were injected subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice and teratomas removed after 4–8 weeks. Histological analysis using hematoxylin/eosin staining revealed tissues derived from ectoderm (D, G, J), mesoderm (E, H, K) and endoderm (F, I, L). Scale bars = 100 µm for (D–G) and 50 µm for (H–L). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3482533_F1_162239.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Isolation of 3D-CT reconstruction model.
a) Initial axial view 3D reconstruction
b) Initial frontal view 3D reconstruction
c) Initial free view 3D reconstruction
d) Initial lateral view 3D reconstruction
e) Horizontal initial sculpting cut
f) Complete isolation for condylar measurements
|
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic20551.jpg | what is the organ system in this image? | genitourinary |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4416830_F8_382714.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Distribution of Hyal1 and Hyal2 in endosomes and lysosomes in fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were grown to 70% confluence before undergoing growth arrest in serum-free medium for 48 h. Cells were then incubated in serum-free medium alone or serum-free medium containing 400 ng/ml BMP7 and were subsequently fixed and stained for EEA1 (green) and Hyal1 or Hyal2 (red) (A) and LAMP1 (green) and Hyal1 or Hyal2 (red) (B). Areas of co-localization appear as yellow, original magnification ×400. Co-localization scatter plots were performed to confirm co-localization (depicted as yellow areas), and Pearson's correlation was used to confirm statistical significance. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2759966_F2_47777.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Immunohistochemical detection of Topo I in TMA cores of colorectal carcinoma cases. Strong nuclear staining, graded as positive with a total score of 6/6 (a); moderate, diffused, predominantly cytoplasmic staining, graded as positive with a total score of 5/6 (b); mild focal nuclear and cytoplasmic staining, graded as low expression/negative with a total score of 2/6 (c). (Magnification: ×100). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3878387_fig1_255744.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | A 10-year-old boy with osteogenic sarcoma. (a) X-ray shows lytic mass in right distal femur. (b) MRI shows osteoid lesion in the metadiaphyseal region of right distal femur. (c) X-ray of the resected bone (d) Immediate postoperative X-ray. (e) X-ray shows graft and host union at both proximal and distal ends 10 months post-operatively. (f) 3-year postoperative X-ray shows local recurrence. (g) X-ray after disarticulation of right hip. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3757009_pone-0072914-g004_227961.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Subcellular localization of RcRR1.(A–C) Localization of GFP-RcRR1 in leaf cells of tobacco. (D–I) Localization of GFP-RcRR1 in Arabidopsis root cells incubated with FM4-64 (D–F) and DAPI (G–I). Imaging of the 35S::GFP-RcRR1 fusion protein was conducted on a laser scanning confocal microscope. Insets show higher magnification views. Scale bar, 50 µm in (A–C) and 20 µm in (D–I). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qt1f7r08323i9bfggi.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Lower-left, Center-left, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4277822_Fig4_347112.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative |
MR quantification by ratio of maximal distal jet area to left atrial area. Assessment of MR severity by distal jet area involves tracing the jet area (dashed white line) in the apical four chamber view and comparing the ratio of jet area to the left atrial area (solid white line). See Tables 3 and 4 for MR severity grades corresponding to different jet area:left atrial area ratios. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3976040_F2_278832.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | External photograph showing the positive Mantoux test. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3495849_F3_165406.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | MRI investigations. T2 weighted images obtained at age 11 months (left column) and at the beginning of the therapeutic trial (at age 3 9/12 years; right column) illustrating the severe brain atrophy caused by loss of cerebral white matter with consequent thinning of the corpus callosum. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2174503_F1_15828.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Right upper lobe clinical stage IA NSCLC treatment planning CT (A), planned radiation dose distribution (B: the planning treatment volume is shown in orange and the 30 Gy isodose line in blue), and CT at 6 and 12 months post-treatment (C and D) show progressive fibrosis in the treated volume that ultimately impedes CT evaluation of tumor response. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3419403_fig2_149835.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | FDG-PET images showing increased FDG uptake in the distal esophagus (arrows) in the esophagitis group. (a) Transverse view, (b) sagittal view, and (c) coronal view. The maximum SUV of grade M (a1, b1, c1), grade A (a2, b2, c2), and grade B, and 3C (a3, b3, c3) was 2.3, 2.8, and 3.0, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2661790_fig6_36670.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Tissue-based studies of U87MG human tumours xenografted into NMRI nude mice treated with nimotuzumab (h-R3), or cetuximab (C225), or radiation alone (RT), or both modalities, or neither (PBS). (A) Cryostat sections were fixed and immunostained with CD133/1 (AC133) antibody yielding a staining pattern typical for membrane ( × 40 magnification). (B) Comparisons between groups. Kruskal–Wallis test; symbols indicate statistical differences (P<0.05) as follows: *Significant to PBS, °significant to radiation. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3909430_F1_263297.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | a) Photomicrography mesio-distal cut, witness group tooth. a Enamel, b Dentine, c Pulp chamber (magnification gives 10X, wearing down technique). b) Photomicrography mesio-distal cut tooth from the negative control group. a enamel, b dentine, c pulp chamber (original magnification 10X, wearing down technique). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic48887.jpg | what organ system is shown in the image? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3765395_pone-0074679-g007_229983.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Cell internalization observed by confocal laser microscopy.a, stained SK-BR-3 cells with unstained NsiL; b, unstained SK-BR-3 cells with stained NsiL; c and d, co-stained NsiL in SK-BR-3 cells. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2878681_fig2_65301.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Endosonography-guided pancreatic duct drainage (ESPD): (a) endosonographic image, (b, c) X-ray image, and (d) endoscopic image. The PD was punctured via the body of the stomach with a 19-gauge needle (arrow) (a, b). A 7.2 F nasopancreatic duct drainage catheter (arrow) was placed (c, d). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3932482_F2_268912.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | The behavior of PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitors in dystrophic muscle. Fresh frozen section of mdx diaphragm subjected to immunofluorescence staining for laminin α2, PDGFRα, and collagen I, and subsequently to HE staining. Scale bar: 20 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qd1eqb08321n395ihh.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4105102_F6_307486.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Localization of the spe-8::GFP translational reporter in activated spermatozoa. Spermatids and spermatozoa were isolated from young adult hermaphrodites (first column). The GFP fluorescence has moved to the cytoplasm in the activated spermatozoa. A similar pattern was seen in spermatids and spermatozoa isolated from young adult males (second column). Spermatozoa activated with Pronase also have cytoplasmic GFP localization (third column, top), but when activated with triethanolamine (TEA), the GFP remains at the membrane (third column, bottom). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04784.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Chest X-ray demonstrating a pulmonary artery catheter inadvertently placed via the right carotid artery into the thoracic aorta. Despite pressure waveform monitoring, erroneous placement was not noticed until a post-procedure chest was obtained. The catheter was removed immediately. Follow-up carotid ultrasound was unremarkable for arteriovenous (AV) fistula or pseudoaneurysm. This patient had no residual complications as this complication was immediately recognized and managed |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3671300_fig2_208734.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | A 31-year-old female with a retroperitoneal desmoid tumor (case 3, Table 2; Figure 2) diagnosed in 2006 was treated with imatinib 800 mg daily. The FDG PET prior therapy with imatinib showed an average SUV of 4.2 and an SUVmax of 8.1 (a). After one month of imatinib treatment, the FDG PET demonstrated a decrease of the average SUV to 3.3 (−22%) and of the SUVmax to 6.1 (−25%) (b). Follow-up PET examinations in 2011 and 2012 (c) did not show any pathological FDG uptake. The corresponding conventional MRI documented PR according to RECIST. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3904186_F1_261903.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | MR images demonstrating radiological evolution in 10 years by STR treatment of patients with CV meningiomas. A: MRI for STR planning (1998); B: MRI after 5 years of the STR; C: MRI after 9 years of the STR. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4316970_f2-etm-09-03-0817_355513.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Histological features were evaluated by H&E and TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Representative kidney sections stained with (A-C) H&E, (D-F) TUNEL and (G-I) cleaved caspase-3 (brown nuclear staining) in kidneys at the end of the 24 h reperfusion period. Sections from (A,D,G) a sham-operated rat, (B,E,H) a rat subjected to I/R and (C,F,I) a rat subjected to picroside II treatment. All images of H&E, TUNEL and immunohistochemical staining, original magnification ×200. H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling; I/R, ischemia and reperfusion. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0157.jpg | Do the meninges show an inflammatory reaction in the myocardium after ischemic necrosis infarction? | no |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3398038_pone-0037725-g003_145222.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | The filamentous of Trentepohlia jolithus var. yajiagengensis var. nov. 3A:A small piece of gravel covered with Trentepohlia under the stereoscope; 3B:
Trentepohlia-carpet under the stereoscope; 3C: Primary filaments of Trentepohlia creeping on a stone surface; 3D: Tangle filaments of Trentepohlia with irregular prostrate cells; 3E-3G: Erect filaments of Trentepohlia. All scale bars = 100 µm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2383.jpg | Is polysplenia present? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3793870_f0045_236523.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Transfection with Wnt inhibitors does not prevent BDNF-induced c-Fos expression in cortical neurons. (A) GFP fluorescence, c-Fos immunoreactivity and DAPI fluorescence of representative cell bodies of cortical neurons expressing EV, Wif1, Sfrp1, Fzd8CRD and Dvl1ΔPDZ either alone, or in combination with BDNF. (B) Quantification of normalized nuclear c-Fos immunoreactivity per neuron for each treatment. ***p < 0.001. n = 10 neurons for each treatment. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3689163_F2_212917.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | SEM images of the samples. SEM images of (a) the bare carbon fiber, (b) the synthesized ZnO submicrorods on the seed/carbon fiber, and (c, d) the magnified SEM images. The inset in (a) shows the photographic image of the carbon fiber substrates with and without ZnO submicrorods. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qc1eob08325j4e3zf7.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris is |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3465784_fig02_159102.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Morphology of the reticular basement membrane (Rbm) in asthma (A & B) compared to COPD (C & D). The Rbm, as indicated in A & B is located immediately beneath the true epithelial basement membrane (black arrows). A & B represent micrographs from airway biopsies in two asthma subjects. The Rbm is compact, homogenous and thickened in asthma. C & D represent micrographs from airway biopsies in two COPD subjects. In COPD the Rbm is non-homogenous, variable in thickness and fragmented. Vessels are seen contacting and partially or completely embedded within the Rbm in D. Vessels in the lamina propria are indicated with arrowheads. Bronchial biopsies, anti-Collagen IV antibody staining. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic49105.jpg | is this a t1 weighted, t2 weighted, or flair image? | t2 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2538511_F3_27778.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | The model-based tracking technique relies upon: A) internal information such as subtle differences in bone density and/or B) the presence of bone edges in an x-ray image that do not necessarily contribute to the outline of a particular bone in all joint positions. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3496684_pone-0049418-g006_165631.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | EGFR was accumulated around microtubules following EGF stimulation.(A) EGFR was randomly distributed without EGF stimulation. Four kinds of renal epithelial cells (WT, Null, PH2, PN24) were serum-starved overnight and were then treated with 0.005% saponin before staining with anti-EGFR (green) and anti-acetyl-α-tubulin (red) antibodies. (B) EGFR was accumulated around microtubules following EGF stimulation. Serum-starved renal epithelial cells were stimulation with EGF for 30 min. The cells were then processed for immunostaining as in (A). EGFR (green) was accumulated around microtubule bundles labeled by acetyl-α-tubulin staining (red). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4153648_pone-0106367-g004_317537.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Dual optical imaging in the mouse SGM model.(A) Bioluminescence and (B) fluorescence images in the same animal, 10 days after bacterial inoculation, are shown. (A) MRSA inoculated into the left SGM was sufficient to produce an observable bioluminescence signal. (B) A Cy5.5-conjugated inflammation probe accumulated at the inoculation site only 5 minutes after it was injected into the tail vein, and was monitored for over 2 weeks in the same animal. (C) In the merged image, the accumulation of the inflammation probe (yellow) appeared as an area of fluorescence that completely covered the entire region of bacterial bioluminescence signal (multi-color). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3056751_F1_90071.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Hypermetabolic areas in drCCH patients (all conditions: baseline - 1 month, 6 months, 24/30 months) compared with HV (p < 0.05 FDR corrected). Results are displayed on 2 sagittal sections of a normalized MRI template (through midline and left hemisphere). ACC: anterior cingulate cortex, C: cerebellum, MB: midbrain, LP: lower pons, VC: visual cortex, P: pulvinar, H: hypothalamus. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3482565_F1_162265.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Bilateral carotid vasculitis. Angio-MRI showing straight stenosis of the left carotid artery and inflammatory aspect of the right carotid artery (white arrows). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3615157_F6_196281.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Females: Immunochemistry of pS6 in the organspS6 in different organs of females (~ 10 months old). Fasted - mice were fasted overnight and sacrificed; control – mice received food ad libitum; rapamycin – mice received 1.5 mg/kg rapamycin i.p. and sacrificed 1 h later Bar. – 30 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4218980_Fig2_332512.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images through the foveal region prior to (a/c) and after (b/d) three aflibercept injections in two cases with persistent edema with prior ranibizumab therapy. Despite the resolution of intraretinal/subretinal fluid and a slight regression of the PED, the two eyes lost more than 3 lines in vision. Both eyes had some degree of pre-existing subfoveal RPE changes (arrows in a/c). Post aflibercept treatment, RPE atrophy appears more evident (arrows in b/d). However progression of preexisting atrophy cannot be concluded due to a potential “masquerading” effect of edema present prior to switch of treatment |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3547052_pone-0053873-g006_179659.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Manual correction of diffraction artefacts in Crocodylus intermedius scan.Left: scan data before correction. Right: scan data after correction. See text for explanation. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3913769_pone-0088175-g002_264041.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image |
painGAL4 drives GFP reporter expression in the female brain.(A, B) Females homozygous for painGAL4 and UAS-GFP were used. (A) Stacked confocal image showing a frontal view of the adult brain. Scale bars represent 100 µm. Arrow, MBs; asterisk, PI. (B) Section image at the level of the EB of the adult brain. Scale bars represent 100 µm. Arrow, MBs; asterisk, PI; triangle, EB. (C) Confocal section image of painGAL4- driven GFP in the PI neurons (green) and Ilp2 immunolabeling (magenta). painGAL4; UAS- mCD8::GFP females were used. Scale bars represent 20 µm. Asterisks show the PI neurons. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4521399_fig2-2324709614553670_410910.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | (A) MRI brain and orbits with and without contrast, coronal view, showing right-sided dural enhancement (arrow) of the middle cranial fossa, cavernous sinus, and foramen ovale. (B) MRI brain and orbits with and without contrast, coronal view, showing improvement in right-sided dural enhancement (arrow) of the middle cranial fossa after steroids. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4263529_f0015_343688.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | T-values of voxel-based regressors correlating higher GM volume estimation from MT maps compared to R1 maps with R2* values. Statistical map of a t-test at statistical threshold of pFWE < 0.05 displayed on MT image in standard MNI space. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4232506_pone-0112728-g001_336299.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Sample immunohistochemical images.pIgR expression in non-malignant pancreatic tissue primary tumour and paired lymph node metastasis (right column) from five cases of different origins and with different nuclear scores (NS). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyododk086ue7wwgllj.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 1 |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3312284_fig2_131493.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Imaging results compared by treatment group. Under the T2-weighted MRI produced images of MT that appear bright white for both right and left inferior bullae, whereas the dark space represents bone and/or air. The CT images were made for either the right or left bullae, with the bottom quadrant was targeted to match the MRI area that was measured. In the CT imaging, white represents moist MT. In the third column, histology images are presented, where MT demarcation is indicated by the arrow, and the bright pink outside the arrow bounds represents bone. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03251.jpg | What is shown in this image? | EUS in a patient with dilated common bile duct showing bile duct tumor |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/cell_other/train_0931.jpg | What is red in this section, stained with Movat stain? | blood |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1060.jpg | Where is this? | oral |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3919867_f2-ol-07-03-0771_265879.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Morphological changes in Hep-2 cells and HUVECs infected with Ad-hIL-24. Hep-2 cells infected with Ad-hIL-24 at 48 h under (A) ordinary optical and (B) fluorescence microscopy. HUVECs infected by Ad-hIL-24 at 48 h under (C) ordinary optical and (D) fluorescence microscopy (magnification, ×200). HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3162911_F2_106637.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | In vivo first-pass imaging. (a) 12 of the 128 images acquired prior to, during and after bolus Gd infusion from control and in vivo infarcted rat hearts: (b) signal intensity/time curves from infarcted, peri-infarcted and remote regions of an infarcted heart. Arrow indicates time of bolus infusion: (c) in vivo cine-CMR, LGE-CMR and first-pass images from a sham operated rat and an infarcted rat at 2 and 8 days post surgery. First-pass images from the same isolated, perfused hearts are presented on the far right. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4434866_Fig7_387175.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Histological analysis of proximal duodenum in Slc26a9-deficient mice at young age. The proximal duodenum of Slc26a9−/− mice displayed elongated crypts and villi (b, d) when compared with WT mice (a, c). c, d Crypt region with higher magnification. This difference was not seen in old mice (f-i). h, i Crypt region with higher magnification. Measurement of length in crypts and villi in Slc26a9+/+ and Slc26a9−/− mice at young and old age (e, j). Scale bars 200 and 50 μm. n = 5–6. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic26448.jpg | what modality was used to take this image? | xr - plain film |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2913845_fig2_70390.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Three-dimensional volume-rendered images revealed the network of aberrant arteries arising from both left anterior descending coronary artery and right coronary sinus. Ao = ascending aorta, LAD = left anterior descending artery, LCS = left coronary sinus, LCX = left circumflex artery, MPA = main pulmonary artery, RCA = right coronary artery, RCS = right coronary sinus, 1 = the aberrant artery from left anterior descending coronary artery, 2 = the aberrant artery from right coronary sinus, 3 = the network of the aberrant arteries. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2739459_F0003_45009.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Conversion of a broken bipolar prosthesis, (a) pre- and (b) postoperative radiographs; extended trochanteric osteotomy was needed to extract the broken implant which was fixed with cerclage wiring, (c) intra-operative view of the extended trochanteric osteotomy, and (d) after fixation and completion of procedure |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4497685_f4_404834.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Cut-plane microcomputed tomography images of each tibia for the four treatment groups: (1) fat implant, (2) blank scaffold, (3) IGF-I-loaded scaffold, and (4) cell seeded, IGF-I-loaded scaffold. The defects are on the medial (left) side, and the native growth plate is on the lateral (right) side. The yellow circle indicates the implant site; white arrow indicates the native growth plate; black arrow indicates bony bar formation; red asterisks indicate infected or potentially defects. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4670641_fig1_450655.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Microscopic examination, biopsy material. The conspicuous clusters of malignant epithelioid cells dominate the picture and could give rise to a broad differential diagnosis that includes carcinoma and melanoma. The poorly formed vascular channels in the background could easily be overlooked. Immunohistochemistry was key (inset). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4694943_F2_457341.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Sex-stratified FDG analysesAnalysis between APOE4 carriers and APOE4 non-carriers (p < 0.005 uncorrected) in A. females and B. males, co-varied for age and years of education across the lateral and medial views of the cerebral cortex. As shown, female APOE4 carriers showed widespread clusters of decreased metabolism with respect to female APOE4 non-carriers (Fig. 2A), whereas male APOE4 carriers only showed an isolated cluster of decreased metabolism (p < 0.005) in the precuneus with respect to male non-carriers (Fig. 2B). FDG = fluorodeoxyglucose; APOE4 = apolipoprotein E ε4 allele. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3538569_F2_177205.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Growth of XT15 in a crude oil-based mineral-salts medium at 55°C. Left, the control experiment using heat-inactivated XT15 cells; middle, bacterial growth of XT15 using crude oil as the sole carbon source; right, observation of the culture medium in the middle through a light microscope. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3155538_pone-0023326-g002_105097.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | MBS and MSS induce dose-dependent histopathological alterations in the lungs.Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the lungs obtained from A) mice instilled with saline 3 times a week for 3 weeks; mice instilled with B) 6.25, C) 25 or D) 100 µg of MBS 3 times a week for 3 weeks; mice instilled with E) 6.25, F) 25 or G) 100 µg of MSS 3 times a week for 3 weeks. MSS strongly induces the formation of tertiary lymphoid organ-like structures (arrows) compared to MBS. Specimens shown are representative of 6 individual observations per group. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4299414_f04_351261.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Initial periapical radiographs. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4264101_F3_344103.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | CT evaluation with radiographic stent |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4599735_pone.0139273.g003_431557.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | AAV-hSYN1-GCaMPer expression in rat primary cortical neurons.Rat primary cortical neurons were fixed 7 days after transducing with AAV-hSYN1-GCaMPer (10.19). Cells were immunostained with anti-GFP (green) and either the neuronal marker Map 2 (a) or astrocytic marker GFAP (b). Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar = 50 microns. (c) High magnification images of live primary cortical neurons expressing GCaMPer. Arrows indicate spine-like structures containing GCaMPer fluorescence. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2650702_F2_35329.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Contrast enhanced abdominal tomography at the level of the umbilicus showing a characteristic 'target mass' (arrows) in the right abdomen. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4600171_biosensors-05-00537-f007_431736.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Schematic illustration of (A) P. cannabina pv. alisalensis detection and (B) bioluminescent plagues with examination under light (left) and dark field (right) illumination. The bioluminescence at the plague periphery (phage/cell interface) indicates phage-infected pathogens. Figure has been adopted from Ref. [114]. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3065899_fig2_91299.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Chest radiograph showing coarsening of trabecular pattern with loss of corticomedullary differentiation of the ribs subject to haematopoietic marrow replacement in a patient with sickle cell disease. Note avascular necrosis involving the humeral heads bilaterally and colonic gas replacing splenic shadow in the left upper quadrant (secondary sign of autosplenectomy/small spleen subject to previous infarcts). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3996015_F6_283185.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Clinical images. Representative images of patients that achieved anatomical success; pre op (A + D), post LSCT (B + E) and post PK (C + F). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3650028_pone-0062827-g008_203699.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Representative histological images of airway remodeling of lung tissue.(A) H&E staining: showing infiltration of inflammatory cells (red arrow) and hypertrophy of structural cells (blue arrow). N: normal conditions; S: slight changes; M: moderate changes; V: severe changes. (B) Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining: showing mucous cells (pale pink color stain) (red arrow). (C) Masson’s trichrome (MT) staining showing subepithelial collagen deposition (blue color stain) (red arrow). Panel: (a) vehicle control group, (b) OVA group, (c) FA group, (d) FA+OVA group, (e) FA+OVA+HC-030031 group and (f) FA+OVA+CPZ group. Magnification = ×20.Animal groups (in all panels): n = 4 mice per group. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_48112.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Endoscopic ultrasound: right paratracheal lymph node invading the esophageal wall (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4227418_f4-mmr-10-06-2835_335005.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Histological images of the proximal tibiae with implants using Toluidine blue stain. (A) sham, (B) OVX and (C) OVX-V groups at four weeks following vibration (magnification, ×40) and (D) sham, (E) OVX and (F) OVX-V groups at 10 weeks (magnification, ×200). Differences were observed in the trabecular structure and implant-bone contact around the implants between the three groups. The OVX group presented the poorest implant-bone integration and the least calcified trabecular structure, while vibration treatment markedly increased the presence of implant-bone integration and calcified trabecular structure in the OVX-V group, as compared with the OVX group. Sham, sham operation; OVX, bilateral ovariectomy; OVX-V, bilateral ovariectomy with vibration treatment. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4151493_fig1_317131.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | CT postcontrast examination in a patient who was suffering from jaundice and abdominal pain: axial images after contrast administration (a) and curved-MPR images (b). White arrows in (a) and (b) show a marked dilatation of the entire main pancreatic duct, from the head to the tail of the gland, associated with subtotal parenchymal atrophy. No dilatation of secondary branches was observed, and radiological diagnosis of MD-IPMN was formulated. The high degree of main pancreatic duct dilatation (>1 cm) was considered as high-risk stigmata and required surgical treatment. In addition, white arrows show mild wall enhancement. Final diagnosis of invasive cancer (adenocarcinoma) in IPMN was reported. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3931662_F2_268741.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | MRI scanogram of patient Lu’s brain. The sagittal views (pictures A-D) reveal the hypophysis has been injured severely and the nasal pharyngeal area is severely deformed. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4475708_fig8_398589.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Serial fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images of a patient with speckled pattern during a 3-year follow-up. (a) At baseline examination, multiple granular spots of increased FAF were clearly detected in the macula and also beyond the vascular arcades. In the perifoveal area the spots were partially confluent. (b) After 1 year, the perifoveal spots began to progressively disappear and initial RPE atrophy occurred. (c) At year 3, further enlargement of the RPE atrophy in the macula as well as further reduction of the perimacular spots of increased FAF signal were clearly detected. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4478551_fig5_399379.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Microscopic analysis of SEC22-EGFP fusion proteins shows that sec22 is expressed throughout the developmental cycle. Strain SEC22-GFP-NA expresses sec22 under its own promoter and terminator regions, whereas in SEC22-GFP-OE sec22 is under control of the strong, constitutive A. nidulans gpd promoter. EGFP fluorescence was observed in vegetative hyphae (A) and developing ascogonia and protoperithecia (B). Scale bars indicate 20 µm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2669471_F28_37367.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | A, B. Photo and drawing of a dividing cell with a double rostral area, each with an axostyle. Specimen partially embedded in gut of host. Bar = 12 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3108610_pone-0020499-g004_97978.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. |
M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, but not M. canettii mycobacteria are included into amoebal cysts.Transmission electron-microscopy observation of A. polyphaga cysts containing M. tuberculosis H37Rv (A and B) within a double cell wall, M. bovis (C) and M. avium subsp. hominissuis (D) in the cytoplasm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0939.jpg | Does the anomalous area demonstrate intimal, macrophage-derived foam cells ? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3850920_pone-0079456-g002_248620.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Histopathology of clonal CSLC-derived xenografts.The cloned LUCA22 cells give rise to xenografts staining as adeno- and squamous carcinoma. Xenografts arising from the LUCA22 CSLC, 5 LUCA22 clones, and a metastasis from clone 2G1 are shown stained with H&E, Napsin/TTF1, or p63/CK5 after 8 weeks in the animal (A). Clones that metastasized are indicated by *. B. Xenografts derived from the patient tumor (top) of the LUCA 22 and xenografts derived from LUCA22 clone 5E11 at the times and magnifications indicated. These sections are double stained for CK5 (red) and CK7 (brown). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4456149_pone.0128096.g006_393591.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | A. Sudan III staining to visualize lipid accumulation of HMGEC after 1 day or 7 days stimulation with addition of 10% FCS (C, D), high glucose (E, F), lipid cocktail (G, H), 100μM EPA (I, J) in10% serum-containing medium (A, B) or sebomed medium (K, L).Fig 6M shows quantification of Sudan III stained areas normalized to the cell count per image. In general, lipid accumulations were more prominent after 1 day compared to 7 days cultivation in serum-containing medium. Highest levels of lipids were visible after 1 day treatment with 100μM EPA (I). Red stain indicates lipid droplets. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3903624_pone-0087170-g004_261758.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | ALK Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.(A) On the representative picture of the FISH, realized using the LSI ALK Dual Color Break Apart Rearrangement Probe, we could observe ALK probe break-aparts highlighted by arrows in the two positive PTC cases. Magnification: X1000. (B) Pictures of immunohistochemical labeling for ALK in the two PTC samples. Pictures of hematoxylin, eosin and safran (HES) staining of the two samples are also presented. Magnification for HES: X200, Magnification for IHC: X400. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4359380_fig3s1_367472.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Defective tight junction formation and loss of bile–blood barrier.(A) Electron micrographs of sections from WT and Taf4ahep−/− liver at P12. Tj; tight junction, mt; mitochondria, bc; bile canaliculus, n; nucleus. Double arrows indicate regions of enhanced intercellular space (scale bar = 2 µm). (B and C) Immunofluorescence for tight junction components CLDN3 and TJP1 in sections of WT and Taf4ahep−/− livers at P12 (scale bar = 100 µm).DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03613.008 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4491271_Fig2_402850.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Subcellular localization of full length HBZ and HBZ fragments as assessed by the 4D4-F3 mAb. Full length GFP-tagged HBZ (HBZ) and a series of GFP-tagged HBZ fragments listed in the top of the figure, were transfected into 293T cells and their subcellular localization investigated by confocal microscopy either as GFP fluorescence (first series of horizontal panels, a1–f1) or as reactivity with the 4D4-F3 mAb followed by Alexa fluor 546-labeled goat anti-mouse antibody (second series of horizontal panels, a2–f2). Third series of horizontal panels represent the merge between the GFP and the Alexa fluor 546 signals (a3–f3). |
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