image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_2/PMC2792526_F0002_52801.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Histopathology sections of adrenal gland of diazepam- and NNAE-treated groups2a. shows adrenal gland section of diazepam-treated animal. 2b shows the effect on NNAE treated (100 mg/kg, p.o.) adrenal gland section. 2c shows the effect on NNAE-treated (200 mg/kg, p.o.) adrenal gland section. Fig. 2b and 2c clearly show minimal necrosis, swelling and fatty degeneration in adrenal cortex. Magnification was set at 200X and the method of staining was hematoxylin and eosin. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3533499_F2_175808.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Correlation between individuals' hippocampal gray matter volume and topographical memory scores. (A) Regions showing a significant correlation between VBM gray matter volume estimate and score on the 30 item Four Mountains Task. Sagittal, coronal, and axial slices are centered on the peak voxel in the right hippocampus (28, −10, −22). Regions showing a significant correlation (p < 0.001, uncorrected) are shown against the canonical MNI152 brain, with the left hemisphere appearing on the left. (B) Scattergram showing individual scores and gray matter volume estimates for the peak voxel (r = 0.59). Male participants are indicated by gray triangles, female participants by black circles (r♂ = 0.62, r♀ = 0.43). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2240.jpg | What is present? | gastrointestinal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2936354_F4_73128.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Electron micrographs of R. leguminosarum VF39SM fla mutants stained with uranyl acetate. Inset pictures show the flagellar filaments at higher magnification. (a) flaA- (b) flaB- (c) flaC- (d) flaD- (e) flaE- (f) flaH- (g) flaG- (h) flaB/C/D- (i) flaA/B/C/D-. Bars: 500 nm for cells with flagella; 100 nm for inset pictures. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2680060_pone-0005563-g002_38198.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Lung tumors and characterization of the SPC-p53(273H) transgenic mice.Lung tumor from the SPC-p53(273H) mice (A). Light photomicrographs of lung tumor at 100× magnifications with HE staining (B). Immunohistochemical detection of human mutant p53(273H) with human specific p53 antibody (DO-7) in a lung adenocarcinoma from an SPC-p53(273H) transgenic mouse (C). Lung tumor cells exhibit pleomorphic nuclei at 400× magnification (D). Well-differentiated BAC/adenocarcinoma from a transgenic (E) contrasts with a BAC/adenocarcinoma showing evidence of dedifferentiation into a solid undifferentiated carcinoma (F). Other histological patterns evidencing dedifferentiation included secretory (G), oncocytic (H) and high nuclear grade (I) and were observed only in the transgenic tumors. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3748027_pone-0072160-g002_225663.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Scanning electron microscopy of the somatic embryo development in Coffea canephora.
A) Proembryogenic mass (Pm) from a leaf explant at 21 days after induction (dai). B) Globular stage; the white arrowhead indicates the protoderm establisment. C) Heart stage; the white arrows indicate the beginning of the cotyledonary primordia in the embryo. D) Torpedo stage; the white arrow indicates the enlargement of the embryo. E) Early cotyledonary stage, where the establishment of the future cotyledons can be observed. F) Late cotyledonary stage. At this stage the cotyledons are fully developed. Bars = 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1297611_F2_3974.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Representative CT scan of one animal at three different levels (apical, middle, basal). (a) Expiratory occlusion (10 cmH2O) before and after the recruitment maneuver. Lung volumes in this animal changed as follows: VHYP +1%, VNORM +15%, VPOOR +17%, VNON -30%, VGAS +11%. (b) Inspiratory occlusion at plateau pressure before and after the recruitment maneuver. Lung volumes in this animal changed as follows: VHYP +6%, VNORM +17%, VPOOR +26%, VNON -29%, VGAS +17%. VGAS, intrathoracic gas volume; VHYP, volume of hyperinflated lung parenchyma; VNON, volume of nonaerated lung parenchyma; VNORM, volume of normally aerated lung parenchyma; VPOOR, volume of poorly aerated lung parenchyma. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4544512_f02_416121.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Transparent CT scan: inferior and posterior condyle wall alignment in sagittal, axial and coronal view. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3628362_F1_198905.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Composition of the tumor microenvironment from a mouse melanoma tumor. C57BL/6 mice were injected subcutaneously with 0.75 × 106 B16.F10 melanoma cells. After 14 days tumors were excised and sections stained with the Hematoxylin/Eosin method. (A) 40× Magnification. Blood vessel with red blood cells (red circular cells) is shown. (B) Detail of the blood vessel depicted in (A) with the indication of the various functional structures linking blood vessel and tumor milieu. Yellow arrows, tumor-infiltrating leukocytes; red arrows, red blood cells; black arrows, melanoma cells. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_37897.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | X-Ray Lateral view showing multiple tailoring needles around the eye |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4385909_fig3_375177.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Tumor initiation in gp130Δhepa livers. Male gp130f/f and gp130Δhepa animals were treated with a single i.p. injection of DEN and were killed after 24 weeks. (a) Representative macroscopic views of the livers and the number of nodules found in these livers are shown (dotted circles represent dysplastic nodules; left panel). (b) H&E staining was carried out on the same livers and different magnifications are shown. Nodules of random H&E slides were analyzed by an experienced pathologist in a blinded session for tumor diameter. Data are expressed as mean±SEM (n=5, *P<0.05). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4377378_fig3_372595.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Seven weeks after the MRI in Figure 1, MRI revealed an even smaller sellar lesion on (a) sagittal precontrast T1-weighted, (b) sagittal postcontrast T1-weighted, and (c) coronal T1-weighted images. The enhancement and heterogeneity of the pituitary mass can still be seen, although less than in Figure 2. The optic chiasm is even more visible in the coronal T1-weighted image with the pitutitary mass smaller in vertical length. The pituitary stalk can still be seen deviated to the right. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4406529_figure3_379936.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | MRI of pelvis (coronal, sagittal, and transverse view) shows large oval well-defined mass lesion occupying whole of pelvis just superior to fundus of uterus (not arising from the uterus indicated by arrow mark). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3009746_pone-0015462-g007_82307.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Centrosome irradiation causes a change in microtubule organization.Images A,E show GFP fluorescence prior to laser irradiation. Images B,F are immediately following laser exposure. Inset shows a magnified image of the GFP fluorescent centrosome region. Images C,D,G,H show cells fixed 2 or more hours following irradiation, and stained for B-tubulin. Cells with similar morphology prior to irradiation were matched horizontally. Cells with an irradiated centrosome display a nonpolarized microtubule network, unlike cytoplasm irradiated cells. Scale bar = 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4598730_f6_431260.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Pump-probe laser imaging of nsEP electrode pulsed at 600 ns and at 13.1 kV/cm.Collage of images captured at the time of the exposure (0 μs), during the pulse (0.5 μs) and after the pulse. A corona formed around the edge of the electrode (anode), at 1.5 μs after the initalion of the pulse. The corona existed for approximately 1.5 μs, eventually leading to the formation of microbubbles. These microbubble persisted for >10 μs. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3161642_f1-cmo-2-2008-097_106138.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | CT scans of a 65-year-old patient with peritoneal dissemination prior to L-OHP administration. (a) Nodular masses can be seen in the peritoneal cavity. (b) Ascites can be seen around the spleen. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3308974_pone-0033270-g001_130925.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Nuclear degeneration occurs during appressorium development in M. oryzae.(A). Upper panel: time course live cell imaging experiment showing nuclear division and nuclear degeneration during appressorium development in M. oryzae. Guy11 conidia expressing H1:RFP were examined by epifluorescence microscopy at indicated time points during appressorium development. Lower panel: bar charts showing the percentage of spore germlings in Guy11 containing between 0 and 4 nuclei (mean ± SD, n>100, triple replications) during a timecourse of appressorium development. Scale bar = 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4054974_fig6_297148.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Elastogram shown on the left side demonstrates the dense cancer as a lesion of decreased elasticity in the right gland (colour-coded blue) but misses the sparse cancer in the left gland; corresponding whole-mount step section is shown above. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2891705_pgen-1000996-g003_67354.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Genetic combinations of trichome patterning mutants with plants that have a reduced endoreplication levels in trichomes.Scanning electron micrographs of rosette leaf number 4. (A) cpc try. (B) gl3. (C) PROGL2:KRP1109 in cpc try. (D) PROGL2:KRP1109 in gl3. (E) CDKA;1T161D in cpc try (F) CDKA;1T161D in gl3. (G) Quantification of trichome numbers of leaf 3 and 4 in comparison with wild type (Columbia). Error bars: standard deviation. Scale bars: (A–D) 50 µm; (E,F) 200 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4609358_fig6_434340.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Images of histological specimens of each group obtained at 8 weeks: control group (a, b, and c), 0.1 group (d, e, and f), 0.5 group (g, h, and i), and 1.0 group (j, k, and l). Buccal side (a, d, g, and j). Lingual side (c, f, i, and l). F: fibrous tissue; NB: newly formed bone; OB: old bone (central original magnification ×12.5, left and right sides: ×40 original magnification). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC1790702_pone-0000201-g003_9224.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Membrane deformations on GUVs (PC/PG 9/1) induced by amphipathic peptides. Coexistence of tubes and small vesicles inside the GUVs (A, B) and adhesion of GUVs by RW9 (C). Tubes formation (D) membrane aggregates (E) and GUVs adhesion and internal vesicles (F) induced by RW16 peptide. Time-lapse sequence of a GUV burst induced by RL16, t = 0 s (G) t = 2 s (H) and t = 3 s (I). Scale bar 10 µm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3853932_F6_249693.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Activity in the tail of the caudate nucleus in functional imaging studies of categorization and related learning tasks. (Top) Regions of the right and left caudate tail that increased in activity across blocks of learning; data from Seger et al. (2010) (Bottom left) Bilateral region of the body and tail of the caudate active during learning of both probabilistic and deterministic stimulus-category relationships. Data adapted from Seger and Cincotta (2005). (Bottom right) Region of the caudate tail (green circle) that was more active during the stimulus-response portion of categorization trials than during the feedback receipt portion; data from Lopez-Paniagua and Seger (2011). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3246741_fig2_120195.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | This figure demonstrates the sites of the subcutaneous and lipoma tumors that were removed from the pet dog. The Veterinarian stated that the presence of 72 such lesions on an animal is a very rare observation. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3309000_pone-0033750-g004_130956.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Embryonic ALG-1 and ALG-2 expression.The expression onset of GFP::ALG-2 and RFP::ALG-1 differs. RFP::ALG-1 fluorescence is first detected at the beginning of the morphogenetic phase (B). Scale bar 20 µm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2088.jpg | What does this image show? | several slices with obvious lesion and one external view excellent example |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_26374.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Coronal CT image showing bilateral lacrimal gland inflammation (arrows) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvs915s074ygw8u1akp.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2855564_F4_62096.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | FNAR expression of β-catenin. FNAR cells were stained with (A) β-catenin and (B) DAPI. The third panel (C) shows an overlay of the two images. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2904284_F5_68741.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | A; AP post-operative X-ray, showing convergence between the talus and calcaneus (33° Kites angle), and AP positive(5°) talus-1st MT angle, B; lateral view showing immediate correction of the lateral talo-calcaneal angle (36°), and an obtuse tibio-calcaneal angle. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4690329_Fig2_456175.jpg | Describe the image concisely. |
a AP radiograph of a 75-year-old woman shows only a minimally displaced isolated fracture of the GT of the Lt hip. b MRI reveals a fracture from the GT leading toward the lesser trochanter (more than half way to the medial cortex) |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4430523_pone.0124980.g003_386085.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Placement of the Age Reference Point (ARP; red dot) and Age Reference Line (ARL; yellow line) on jaws of varying ages.
A) Near-term fetus M1_–1.6 cm. B) A female at M3L5 (age 4 y). C) A female at M4L3 (age 7.5 y). D) A female at M5L6 (age 22 y). E) A male at M6L8 (age 40 y). F) A female at M6 + 2.3 cm (age 67 y). The dashed line (in B and C) marks the full extent of the medial ramus ridge, which is used to identify the ARP. The scalple handle indicates the placement of a foramen mentale on the lateral surface of the mandible. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuu8zrc074y2e22de0g.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_23129.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Transverse grey scale sonogram shows an ill-defined, solid, hypoechoic mass (arrows) occupying the left lobe of the thyroid gland. Multiple echogenic foci (arrowheads) casting dense posterior acoustic shadowing probably related to amyloid deposition and associated calcification. Appearance is that of a medullary carcinoma. Note how it closely resembles a papillary carcinoma. Curved arrow identifies the trachea and asterisk marks the common carotid artery. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2890545_F4_67019.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Histological examinations of NCIH460 tumors treated by different conditions. The hematoxylin-eosin stain of NCIH460 tumors treated by different conditions, PBS plus GCV treated (A); Ad.null treated (B); Ad.hTERT-E1A-TK alone treated (C). Ad.hTERT-E1A-TK plus GCV treated (D). The necrosis is barely seen in control groups (A and B), while there are obvious necrotic areas and numerous apoptotic bodies in the tumor tissues treated by Ad.hTERT-E1A-TK alone or Ad.hTERT-E1A-TK plus GCV treated (C and D). Original magnification ×400. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2339.jpg | Is cardiovascular present? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3283526_F4_126594.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | CT, MRI, and PET axial views. Imaging shows the tumor involves the right nasal cavity and medial orbit. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3785488_pone-0073205-g004_234262.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Massive infiltration of inflammatory cells causes severe tissue lesion in the mitral valves of TAX1BP1-KO mice.Electron microscopy examinations on the mitral valves of 8-, 16- and 60-wk TAX1BP1-KO mice (A: 8wKO, and C: 60wKO) and their WT littermates (B: 8wWT and D: 60wWT). See Figure S1 for details. Each panel was duplicated with colorized areas in specific cell types and abbreviated descriptions (Fig. 4A' to 4D'). Abbreviations, CL: Collagen layer; EC: Endothelial cell; ED: Edema; FB: Fibroblast; FC: Fibrocyte; GD: Granule deposition; MΦ: Macrophage; NP: Neutrophil; PC: Plasma cell; TC: T cell. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3299791_pone-0033472-g007_129504.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Time-lapse analysis of NSCs mixing upon differentiation.The intermixing of GFP-positive and GFP-negative NSCs during differentiation was monitored by time-lapse microscopy. Images of the differentiating cells were taken by phase contrast microscopy (A), or by fluorescence microscopy to detect the green fluorescent signal (B). A merge of the two series of images (C) illustrates how differentiated GFP-positive and GFP-negative migrate and mix during the first 72 h of differentiation. Representative pictures from ΔCR NSCs are shown. Scale bars = 100 µm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qf1et308327e7ddd3o.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Red, Pink, White |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4030022_F1_290691.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Dose distribution on planning CT with 3D-CRT and IMRT for a patient with anal cancer [from left to right]. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3436756_pone-0044646-g001_153702.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Hyper-spreading phenotype of srtA mutant S. aureus strains.From an overnight culture, an aliquot of 2 µl was spotted in the middle of a TSA plate, which was then incubated overnight at 37°C. The analyses include the laboratory strains S. aureus SH1000 and NCTC8325 (both labeled WT), as well as their srtA mutant derivatives (labeled srtA) and srtA mutants complemented with a plasmid pCN51-borne copy of S. aureus srtA (labeled srtA-pCN51). The spreading areas of the investigated mutant and parental strains were determined by ImageJ. The graphs show the areas covered in arbitrary units (AU) and respective standard deviations. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1666.jpg | What is present? | lymph node |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_71453.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Axial source image of CT angiography showing the aneurysm (thick white arrow) compressing the left lower pulmonary vein (thin white arrow). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2100.jpg | Where is this part in? | spleen |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3362604_pone-0037802-g005_139780.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | ILK co-localizes with β-MHC in sarcomeres of fetal cardiac cells.Immunocytochemistry of primary cultures of fetal myocardium-derived cells indicates that ILK expression is present in cells representing all stages of cardioblastic-cardiomyogenic differentiation. Confocal microscopy showing human fetal heart derived cells (22 weeks gestation) cultured for 2 days and immunostained with anti-β-MHC (MF-20) (red) and anti-ILK (green) antibodies. Nuclei were detected with DAPI staining (blue). Scale bar, 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3380665_f3-jovr-5-1-168-619-1-pb_142211.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Fundus photograph (A) of a patient with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and subretinal hemorrhage secondary to ocular toxoplasmosis with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/100 at baseline; central macular thickness (CMT) was 357 μm on optical coherence tomography (OCT) (B). After 6 weeks, resolution of the subretinal hemorrhage is noted (C) with improvement of BCVA to 20/40; CMT is reduced to 276 μm (D). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4601011_f7_431914.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Formation of compact myelin sheaths in the MN-SCs coculture model.At DIV 21, cultured cells were observed by confocal microscopy after immunolabeling with anti-MBP (1:500, green) and anti-TuJ1 antibodies (1:1000, red). Images shown at the top and bottom panels are serial images collected throughout z-sections. Scale bar, 5 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02900.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Chest X-ray showing a mass with well-defined borders. Pulmonary parenchyma with preserved transparency. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3772933_pone-0074790-g003_231480.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | PfMA localization in schizont stages analyzed by fluorescence microscopy.Sub-cellular localization of PfMA was studied by co-immunostaining with surface protein (A), microneme (B), rhoptry (C, D) resident proteins. P. falciparum schizonts were co-immunostained with mouse anti-PfMA (green) and rabbit antibodies against one of the 4 marker proteins (EBA175/PfRH2, ASP, MSP-119) (red). The nuclei of schizont were stained with DAPI (blue) and slides were visualized by fluorescence microscope. All apical marker proteins and PfMA showed punctate staining in schizonts. PfMA was localized in the micronemes as it signal co-stained with micronemal marker EBA-175. The scale bar indicates 2 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3356726_fig3_138827.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Spatial expression of phd1, 2, and 3 in Xenopus embryos revealed by whole-mount in situ hybridization. (a–a′′) Lateral views with animal pole up. (b–b′′) Dorsal views with head towards left. (c–c′′) Lateral views with head towards left. (d–d′′) Ventral views with head towards left. (e–e′′) Dorsal views with head towards left. (f–g′′) Lateral views with head towards left. (h–h′′). Higher magnification views of (g), (g′), and (g′′), respectively. (i) Ventral view of (f′′) with head towards left. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2792958_fig2_52814.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | SPECT/CT localizing sentinel nodes and providing anatomic overview. Anterior (a) and oblique (b) planar static images after 2 hours show several hotspots. Two-dimensional SPECT/CT reconstruction exactly localizes each node, for example, localizing 2 sentinel nodes in the submandibular region (c). Three-dimensional SPECT/CT reconstruction shows an anatomic overview of all sentinel nodes (d) and (e). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4320791_fig1_356461.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | PET-CT scan showing (a) hypermetabolic enlarged thyroid gland, (b) hypermetabolic left cervical lymph node, and (c) hypermetabolic focus in right side of manubrium (indicated by arrows). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4463660_ijms-16-10526-f002_395414.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Effect of COS on Aβ aggregates visualized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Representative TEM images of monomeric Aβ42 fractions soon after preparation (A) and fibrils formed by monomeric Aβ42 after 12 h (B), 24 h (C), and 48 h (D) of incubation at 37 °C (10 μM Aβ42, without agitation); Representative images of monomeric Aβ42 (10 μM) coincubated with 0.5 mg/mL (E) or 1.0 mg/mL COS (F) for 48 h at 37 °C were visualized by TEM. The scale bar (200 nm) is shown in the lower left of the images. Magnification: 80,000×. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3163576_pone-0022835-g004_106782.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Final registration results for five tumors.Registered ex vivo T2*-w MRI (first column), in vivo T2*-w MRI (second column), registered color 3D histology (third column), and checkerboard view of in vivo and registered histology (fourth column). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_endocrine/train_1466.jpg | What is present? | endocrine |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3617023_F6_196783.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Immunolocalization of ErbB4 receptor in failing diabetic post-MI rat heart. Cross-sections of rat heart tissue (A-F) were immunostained for ErbB4 (red), N-Cadherin (green), and DAPI (blue), visualized by confocal microscopy. Controls lacking primary anti-ErbB4 antibody showed minimal background staining (data not shown). Bar represents 20 μM. Immunolocalization images representative of 5–6 animals per group. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3922657_F3_266714.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Locations of ICP sensors 1 and 2 on cerebral computer tomography (CT). The CT scans showing the two ICP sensors (ICP1/ICP2) in (a) Patient 1, (b) Patient 2, (c) Patient 3, (d) Patient 4, (e) Patient 5, (f) Patient 6, (g) Patient 7, (h) Patient 8, (i) Patient 9, (j) Patient 10, (k) Patient 11, (l) Patient 12, (m) Patient 13, (n) Patient 14, (o) Patient 15, and (p) Patient 16. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_74844.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | a-b) CT scan of supraglottic T4a tumors reaching the base of the tongue and involving the hyoid bone. a) Axial view. b) Coronal view. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4452369_fig5_392467.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Magnetic resonance images (a) and signal intensity profile (b) of rat popliteal lymph nodes after local injection of foot pads. Reprinted with permission from [66]. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4280926_f7-etm-09-02-0294_347744.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Effect of NM supplementation on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining in representative tumors from the control and NM groups. (A) Control, magnification ×4; (B) control, magnification ×10; (C) NM, magnification ×4; (D) NM, magnification ×4. NM, nutrient mixture. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3599957_F1_192611.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Beam’s-eye View: Target Volumes for IMRT in a 65 year-old male with resected T3N1 adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and GEJ. PTV1, encompasses abdominal nodes, mediastinal nodes and anastomosis. PTV2, covers the pre-operative site of disease and any close or positive surgical margins. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3544594_F4_178964.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Total Marrow Irradiation: Dose distributions for Reg 2.5 (“regular” delivery with a 2.5 cm field width; upper half) and DJDC 5.0 (Dynamic Jaw/Dynamic Couch delivery with a 5.0 cm maximum field width; lower half). Note the equivalent lung sparing in both modalities (light arrowheads), which is accompanied by a more severe dose fall-off in the thoracic wall in DJDC 5.0. The dark arrowheads indicate areas of higher dose exposure in DJDC 5.0 that form the correlate for the non-significantly increased integral dose in DJDC 5.0. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3989589_F4_281884.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Adhesion of the hydrogel to the microelectrode during the surgical procedure. Optical images of the coated microelectrodes before (A,B) and after (C,D) the insertion in the brain. Fibrin coating did not resist the shear stress during insertion through the dura mater and detached from the electrode surface in 90% of cases (60% of cases after removal of the dura mater). (C,D) Representative images of the adhesion of the hydrogel to the microelectrode before the treatment that increases the microelectrode roughness: during insertion the coating was entirely peeled (C) or partially piled up on the tip (D). Scale bar 100 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_38416.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | A 22-month-old boy with a mass in the right groin. MRI shows a heterogeneous lesion adjacent to the gracilis muscle (open arrow). Histopathology: extraosseous Ewing sarcoma |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3807716_F4_239323.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | (A) Vascular P2X4 receptors were expressed in the endothelium (Image from F344 rat ×400) and (B) the afferent arteriole (Image Lewis rat ×500). (C) P2X7 receptors were stained in the endothelium of the preglomerular vasculature, including the afferent arteriole (arrow) and cells of the glomerulus (Image F344 rat, ×400). (D) Occasional smooth muscle staining of P2X7 was observed (arrow; Lewis rat, ×400). (E) P2X1 immunopositive staining was only observed in the vasculature and was limited to the smooth muscle layer of large and small diameter vessels (F344 rat, ×50). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic45871.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | dermoid cyst, nasofrontal with remnant tract to skin surface. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4556006_Fig1_419500.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Representative autofluorescence ratio image. Autofluorescence images were obtained with a high-sensitivity CMOS imager by irradiating the resected specimen with 405-nm followed by 365-nm excitation light. The ratio images were then created by dividing the F365ex (365 nm) by F405ex (405 nm). a. Colon tumour observed during endoscopy. b. Fresh resected specimen. c. Autofluorescence image at 365-nm excitation (F365ex). d. Autofluorescence imaging at 405-nm excitation (F405ex). e. The calculated ratio image. f. Resected formalin-fixed specimen |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic19890.jpg | what is abnormal in the ct scan? | intraosseous lipoma |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_head/train_2162.jpg | What does this image show? | sarcoidosis |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3123642_F1_100556.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | CT scan showing a well-encapsulated round tumor, with low density and low enhancement of the tumor during the arterial phase. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2759001_pbio-1000223-g002_47508.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | EGFP expression in Tg(–0.43per2:EGFP)tlv1.The per2 minimal promoter drives an EGFP expression throughout all tissues that is augmented in the pineal gland. Transgenic Tg(–0.43per2:EGFP)tlv1 adult (A) and 3 dpf larva (B) under a stereo dissecting microscope. 2 dpf embryo (C) under a confocal microscope. See also Video S1 and Figure S1. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3956764_pone-0091644-g002_274582.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Immunoreactivity of invasive, high-grade dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and normal tissues of the uterine cervix.(A) High RRM2 immunostaining (left) and low RRM2 immunostaining (right) in cervical cancer tissues. (B) High RRM2 immunostaining (left) and low RRM2 immunostaining (right) in cervical high-grade dysplasia. (C) High RRM2 immunostaining (left) and low RRM2 immunostaining (right) in cervical low-grade dysplasia. (D) High RRM2 immunostaining (left) and low RRM2 immunostaining (right) in normal cervical tissues. Magnification: 200×; RRM2, ribonucleotide reductase M2. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic46969.jpg | what organ system is shown in the image? | musculoskeletal |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_35385.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | AP radiograph at 28 months of follow-up in a 74-year-old woman showing a healed greater tuberosity (arrow) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4536045_pone.0135049.g002_414524.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Morphology of follicles in grafts at different time-points.(A) Histological examination of ovaries. Distribution of morphologically normal follicles in each developmental stage was identified, including primordial (bi-directional arrow), primary (filled arrow) and secondary follicles (open arrow). (A1) fresh control. (A2-6) ovaries after grafting (1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month, respectively). Original magnification ×400. Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) Differences in follicular total healthy rate (D-value of THR) among grafts showed a significantly increased trend when grafting time increased. 1D = 1 day, 3D = 3 days, 1W = 1 week, 2W = 2 weeks, 1M = 1 month. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3283676_pone-0031749-g003_126754.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | FISH identification of rickettsiacean endosymbionts in Carteria cerasiformis cells.
A–C.
C. cerasiformis NIES-425. D–F.
C. cerasiformis NIES-424. Horizontal panels show the same cells, composed of Nomarski differential interference images (A, D), epifluorescence images with DAPI staining (B, E) and epifluorescence images with the volv-835 probe specific for the endosymbiont of C. cerasiformis NIES-425 (C, F; for details, see Materials and Methods). Arrowheads point to the signals from the endosymbionts. The green signals (C) represent endosymbiont-specific probes and the yellow background (C, F) is autofluorescence. All are shown at the same magnification. The ‘n’ indicates host cell nuclei. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_57326.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Periapical radiograph of the maxillary anterior region. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_61229.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Plain chest X ray. Radiolucent image below the left diaphragm showing the presence of air within the wall of the stomach (arrow). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2022.jpg | What does this image show? | renal pelvis |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3846250_F2_247040.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Illustration of Case1. 1: CT 3D reconstruction shows substantial erosion with irregular borders. 2: Alternative view from CT scan showing an approximately 8-cm lesion. 3: Coronal plan from CT showing thin bone trabeculae, evidence of cortical disruption, and hypo-attenuating content without dental residues and destroying the entire coronoid process. 4: Physical findings in the patient, showing bulging in the right mandibular of approximately 10×7 cm |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54048.jpg | what imaging modality was used to take this image? | mr - t1w w/gadolinium |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4676334_fig04_452953.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) imaging of zinc (Zn) in the root of (a) Brassica juncea un-inoculated (BZn), (b) inoculated with Pseudomonas brassicacearum, (c) Rhizobium leguminosarum and (d) combinations of the two bacterial strains, 14 d after seed planting in 400 mg kg−1 Zn. Figure shows that the plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) significantly enhance Zn sequestration at the epidermis. Symbols o and × represent spots in the root epidermis and endodermis, respectively, that were subjected to microfocus X-ray absorption near edge structure (μXANES) analysis. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4510393_f0010_408028.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Overexpression of myc-MIC26 leads to swollen and/or vesicle-like cristae membranes. Electron micrographs showing mitochondria from HeLa cells transfected with control plasmid (a and b) or with myc-MIC26 (c and d). Enlarged detail pictures represent swollen cristae membranes indicated by white arrows (e and f); Scale bars 500 nm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4224503_pone-0112667-g003_334306.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Fluorescence microscopy.Left, hematoxylin-eosin staining; middle, fluorescence images; and right, fusion images of ICG fluorescence, indicated in green, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. (A) In well-differentiated HC lesions, ICG fluorescence was identified mainly in the cancerous tissue, as demonstrated in Figure 2A. (B) Magnified view of (A). Indocyanine green had accumulated in the pseudoglands (arrowheads) and the cytoplasm of cancer cells (arrow). (C) Indocyanine green fluorescence was identified in the peri-cancerous hepatic parenchyma surrounding a CRLM lesion, as demonstrated in Figure 2B. (D) Magnified view of (C). Indocyanine green had accumulated in the cytoplasm of relatively small hepatocytes rather than in the intracellular spaces. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qy1ffj0832756t2iky.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1582.jpg | Where does this belong to? | gastrointestinal system |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4331822_F1_359577.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Myocardial metastases from esophageal cancer. A- MIP image showing primary esophageal mass (arrow) with focal uptake in region of heart (arrowhead), B- Hypodense lesion in left ventricular myocardium (arrow) on axial CT images showing, C- FDG uptake on axial fused PET/CT images (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4334429_fig1_360339.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CT Scan showing tumor invasion of sacrum: left and right surrounding parasacral soft tissue (a), and L4 vertebral body (b). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3639072_F1_201748.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Images of the patient. a) sebaceous adenoma on the face, b) right ventricular subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, c) liver hamartoma and d) bilateral renal angiomyolipoma revealed by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2806408_F7_54882.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Centrosome length and centriole appendage architecture is abnormal in T98G and U-87 MG cells. Electron micrographs showing abnormal distal appendages (left image) and abnormally long centrioles with sub-distal appendage material distributed along their length (centre and right image). Scale bars = 100 nm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_77427.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Anteroposterior film of left shoulder. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4027854_fig1_290020.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Cerebral MRI scans, sagittal T1. Arrows indicate the location of the mass. On admission and 1 week after, both pre-surgery (A and B): 1.7×1.1×1.9 cm rounded oval-shaped sellar lesion with suprasellar extension; immediately post-surgery (C) and 6 months post-surgery (D). We note the absence of the bright spot of the posterior pituitary on all four MRI scans. This can be predictive of a permanent central diabetes insipidus although specificity decreases with age. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3872157_fig4_254100.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | 3D volume rendering technique imaging demonstrates the unilateral abdominal wall thickening which is caused by the abscess in relation to other adjacent anatomical structures (a). Image (b) was reconstructed in order to depict the extraluminal air collection in region of the sigmoid colon, in continuity with the abdominal wall abscess. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4045529_fig4_294492.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Elastosonography of the cervical lymph node on the left side of a 50-year-old female patient (long axis: 24.6 mm, short axis: 7.7 mm, cortical thickness: 2.6 mm, hilar thickness: 4.9 mm, strain ratio: 38.6, and elasticity score: 4). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3267772_pone-0031181-g003_123917.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | An adenocarcinoma showing typical presentation of the lung profile by immunohistochemistry.Hematoxylin-eosin stain (left upper), cytokeratin (CK)7 (right upper), CK20 (left lower), and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) (right lower). CK7 and TTF-1 are positive in the cytoplasm and nuclei of tumor cells, respectively (original magnification ×200). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4452926_viruses-07-02683-f004_392765.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Electron micrographs of ultracentrifuged fecal contents from pigs with diarrhea from two distinct outbreaks (A,B). Coronavirus particles attributed to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDV) are visible as aggregates. In both cases the particles are showing an external surface with spikes still visible but immersed in a halo of antibodies; (C) IAEM negative control: small groups of coronavirus particles with well–conserved surface spikes are visible. Immuno-aggregation electron microscopy with anti-PEDV convalescent sera diluted 1:20. Negative staining (2% sodium phosphotungstate). TEM Philips CM10, 80 kV. Bar = 100 nm |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4257549_pone-0113669-g004_342132.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Immunofluorescence identification of the isolated YMECs.YMECs exhibited positive immunofluorescence results for cytokeratin8 andcytokeratin18, but negative results for vimentin. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4183582_pone-0109214-g008_324766.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Microstructure of explants.Explants were cryofractured and subjected to SEM observation under magnifications of 20×, 100× and 1000×. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4349791_Fig1_364055.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. |
Examples of AOs classes of the cervical x-ray images. Samples of Macnab’s classification and their osteophyte severity grading in the cervical vertebrae x-ray images, (a) normal (b) moderate traction (c) severe claw and (d) slight claw-traction. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2850372_pone-0010051-g003_61309.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Scanning electron micrographs of attachment of particles of different geometries to the macrophages.(a–c) Spheres of 0.5 µm, 1 µm and 3 µm respectively attached to macrophages; (d–f) Rods stretched from 0.5 µm, 1 µm and 3 µm spheres respectively attached to macrophages; (g–i) Oblate ellipsoids stretched from 0.5 µm, 1 µm and 3 µm spheres respectively attached to macrophages. Scale bar (a, d, g, h: 2 µm; b, c, e, f, i: 5 µm). |
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