image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/sfolder_1/PMC2901191_f5_68399.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Teratoma formation examination and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining. A: HE staining shows teratoma from ES cells and P9 (wk 4) e-Pc containing multiple tissues, including epithelium (E), neural (N), muscle (M), and glandular structures (G). The scale bar represents 50 μm. B: AKP staining in P9 (wk 4) and P18 (wk 8) e-Pc (magnification, 100×). AKP staining was positive at P9 (week 4), and positive but weaker at P18 (week 8). Small and cohesive colonies were mostly observed in P9 cells. Flatter, larger and more migratory colonies were noted in P18 cells. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3528735_pone-0051811-g006_174857.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Effects of oligopeptide HSDCIF on the traffic of PAC1.Eight fluorescence confocal images from the animation of 0–1120 s after the addition of oligopeptide indicated that the fluorescence presenting the site of PAC1 detached from the cell-surface and moved to the inside of the cell, especially significantly in the region shown by the arrow. Bar, 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4569601_Fig12_423506.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Focal cerebritis: a) Axial CT in bone window showing an opacified right frontal sinus with a bony defect in the posterior sinus wall (arrow). b) ceCT image in a soft tissue window in the same patient showing a focal area of hypodensity in the right frontal lobe (short arrow) with faint enhancement in the centre. In addition, a subdural fluid collection can be seen (long arrow). c) Axial MR FLAIR image of the same patient showing an area of hyperintensity in the left frontal lobe (short arrow). These findings indicate frontal sinusitis with bony erosion causing subdural empyema and focal cerebritis |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_57199.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Midesophageal left ventricle long-axis view |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_42385.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | MRI: post-contrast T1-weighted image in the sequence with fat saturation demonstrated a well-delineated tissue around the pancreatic tail, less enhanced than the pancreatic parenchyma. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3046254_pone-0017526-g006_88606.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Expression of candidate mechanosensitive genes in control and immobilised specimens on longitudinal sections through the knee joint.Images A’–D’ (scale bar 0.1 mm) show the knee region of A to D (scale bar 0.5 mm) at a higher magnification. cc; capsular condensation, cl; chondrogenous layer, iz; intermediate layer, jf; joint fusion, m; meniscus, p; patella, par; periarticular cartilage, t; tendon, tc; tibial crest. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4560395_pone.0137175.g001_421106.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Registration of populations of Dll4, Mlc2a, and Eng embryos at 13–16 somites of age.Individual autofluorescence scans of representative embryos of 13–16 somite Dll4 (A-C), Mlc2a (E-G), and Eng mice (I-K) are intrinsically aligned with their respective vasculature scans (A′-C′, E′-G′, and I′-K′). An average image of all the 13–16 somite embryos scanned was generated for each mouse line, for both the autofluorescence scans and the vascular scans respectively: Dll4 (D and D′, n = 14), Mlc2a (H and H′, n = 10), and Eng (L and L′, n = 14). Scale bar = 500 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3637805_F3_201501.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Unenhanced CT scan (A) demonstrates a well-defined heterogeneous deep soft tissue mass containing scattered hypodense areas (thin arrows). Enhanced CTimages (B–C) display heterogeneous enhancement. MR T1W image (D) displays an isointense mass relative to adjacent muscle containing an area of relative lower intensity (white arrow) that has markedly high SI on T2W MR image (E) (black thick arrow). Heterogeneous enhancement is depicted on enhanced T1MR images (F–G). Central unenhanced areas (asterisks) on both CT and MRI exams were of low SI on MRT1W images and high SI on T2W MR image. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_65135.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Postoperative panoramic view. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1920555_pone-0000648-g003_12266.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Examples of standardized seedling morphological phenotypes for quantitative assessment.(a) no scored phenotype; (b) extra leaf, concave cotyledons, aerial organs on growth medium; (c) missing leaf; (d) narrow leaves, delayed development; (e) shoot meristemless, delayed development; (f) necrotic spots on leaves; (g) purple pigmentation in cotyledons, delayed development; (h) curled hypocotyl with root extruded from medium; (i) no hypocotyl, aerial organs on growth medium, delayed development. All seedlings are ten days old. Size bar 2 mm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4406723_pone.0124126.g003_380029.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | T1- and T2-weighted MRI registration.Sagittal view of the registered and integrated T1- and T2-weighted MRIs. The contrast between WM, e.g., corpus callosum, and GM signals is higher in T1, while the CSF, e.g., ventricle, is enhanced in T2. The tissue segmentation was performed by reaping the benefits of both MRI datasets. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_36093.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CT scan showing biliary cystadenoma. The cystic lesion (black arrow) in segment 4 of the liver with a central focus of high density is seen representing the biliary cystadenoma. A bile duct stent placed during ERCP can also be seen (red arrow). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_17764.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Sagittal CT showing the ‘sausage’ appearance of the intussusception |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/inside_oral/train_1427.jpg | Where is this? | oral |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4246635_f2-ol-09-01-0308_339857.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealing a whorl pattern in dedifferentiated liposarcoma (magnification, ×100). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzadoyc086u0brshvx5.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2797607_pone-0008577-g002_53328.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | AFM images of saliva exosomes.Exosomes (panels B–F) were adsorbed to WGA-coated mica surfaces. (A) Topography images were obtained with the use of the Mac mode in water (negative control—no exosomes). (B) A 3D AFM image of isolated exosomes adhering to a mica sheet. The bar denotes 200µM. (C) A high-resolution single image of the exosome structure on the mica. (D) Graphical representation of height and width of a single exosome. (E) Size distribution of several saliva exosomes imaged with AFM. (F) Graphical representation of the size distribution of exosomes showing near homogeneity with respect to height and width. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4230424_F2_335821.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Computed tomography (CT) demonstrates a loop of intestine in the pericardial space (arrow). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_36100.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | CT scan of abdomen with contrast with apple-core lesion in ascending colon (coronal view) |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_liver/train_2861.jpg | What is present? | hepatobiliary |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3399378_fig2_145632.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Partial fixed prosthesis supported by short implants (4.1 × 8 mm), 0 years loading. Periapical radiograph. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4350395_F4_364217.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Ex vivo1H-MRI assessments 6 weeks following two severities of spinal cord injury. MRI image of ex vivo mouse spinal cord after mid- (A–D) and high-injury severity (E–H). Note the excellent anatomical resolution of the spinal cord in the lesion epicenter (B,C,F,G), above (A,E) and below the lesion site (D,H). Such high SNR and high isotropic resolution were obtained following incubation of the spinal cords in the Gadolinium and Fluorinert as well as long scanning time. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4158353_F2_318980.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | SEM images of MCCT and ZnS nanobowl arrays. (a) MCCT made of 600 nm PS spheres. (b-f) ZnS nanobowl arrays after 6 h reaction time: (b, c) side view of ZnS nanobowl arrays with MCCT, (d) top view, and (e, f) side view of ZnS nanobowl arrays. (g) Top view of ZnS nanobowl arrays after 3 h reaction time. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3708754_F2_217351.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Open surgical repair. A: Multiple venous openings (white arrows) were observed in the pseudoaneurysmal sac. B: The subclavian artery pseudoaneurysmal sac was removed, and graft interposition was performed on the subclavian and axillary arteries with an 8-mm Ringed Gore-Tex ® Vascular Graft. C: Follow-up 3D CT angiogram shows good distal blood flow to the axillary artery through the subclavian artery graft. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3446638_fig2_156130.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | CT image from a 34-year-old female patient diagnosed with cancer in the left breast. The patient had surgery and regular followup care for two years. The followup unenhanced CT of 18F-fluoride PET/CT showed multiple enlarged lymph nodes including the left axillary lymph node (arrows, 2.8 × 1.7 cm in size). 18F-FDG PET/CT six days later confirmed the presence of these metastatic lymph nodes. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2909392_fig01_69759.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | sfGFP-PBP5 is a functional fusion and localizes to active peptidoglycan-synthesizing regions. A. sfGFP-PBP5 complements the cell shape defects of E. coli CS703-1, which lacks the three major D,D-carboxypeptidases, and localizes to the cell periphery and to septa of constricting cells. B. A Similar localization pattern was observed in the parent strain, CS109. Phase contrast images are on the left and fluorescence images are on the right. All images have the same magnification, and the scale bar in panel B equals 5 µm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2846674_F0002_60700.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Fullmouth intraoral periapical radiographs |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3667008_F3_207642.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Microscopic findings showing primary cervical cancer and cardiac metastasis. (A) Microscopic findings of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (H&E, ×200 magnification). Vascular tumor emboli are observed adjacent to the tumor cell nest. (B) Microscopic finding of a right atrial mass. (H&E, ×100) Squamous cell carcinoma in the right atrum shows the same histology as the cervix. The tumor involves the myocardium. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4589033_Fig1_428636.jpg | Describe the following image in detail |
a Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed dilatation of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts and the main pancreatic duct without any stricture. b Endoscopic ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic mass in the ampulla of Vater located on the inside of the duodenal wall without invasion of the duodenal muscularis propria. c Duodenoscopy revealed an exposed reddish tumor at the ampulla of Vater |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4090237_pone-0093686-g005_304868.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The immuohistochemical staining of atherosclerosis in the 3 groups.Legend: Magnifications: ×400. MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase-9; LOX-1: lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1. Representative pictures of MMP-9 and LOX-1 expressions immuohistochemical staining in the aortic atherosclerotic plaque of the three groups. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gles4bb071u28nkgev6.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2948030_pone-0013107-g002_75075.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Voxelwise clustering.Connectivity-based parcellation of human posteromedial cortex. Probabilistic maps for functional connectivity-defined clusters. The color scheme represents the probability of overlapping brains in each voxel across the 16 subjects. Maps are projected on a inflated 3D brain surface with the BrainVoyager QX surface tool. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3715425_pgen-1003591-g002_218672.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Normal chromosome morphology and HTP-3 and SYP-1 loading in pachytene stage nuclei in [mus-81; xpf-1], [slx-1; xpf-1], [mus-81; him-6] and [slx-1; him-6] double mutants.(A) Projections of representative nuclei from whole-mount gonads stained with α-HTP-3 antibody (white) and DAPI (white), or red and blue, respectively, in merged images. (B) Representative pachytene nuclei stained with α-SYP-1 antibody and DAPI (SPY-1, green in merged images). Scale bars are shown in white (1 µm). (C) FISH images were taken with 100× and 60× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4215575_F2_331873.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Brain magnetic resonance imaging scans show multiple cerebral infarctions. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2363720_F1B_21676.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Follow-up roentgenogram in the same child shows normal lung growth at 20 months. Reprinted with permission from Agarwal R, et al Extrapleural intrathoracic implantation of permanent pacemaker in the pediatric age group. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;83:1549-52. Elsevier © 2007, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_72544.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Computed tomography of the brain of patient A |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC1891007_fig06_11569.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Enhanced GGA2 labeling in CD8-CIMPR-expressing cells is partially BFA insensitiveCells stably expressing CD8-CIMPR were mixed with non-transfected cells, treated with or without 20 μg/mL BFA for 10 min, fixed and double labeled for AP-1 and CD8 (A and B, E and F) or GGA2 and CD8 (C and D, G and H). Addition of BFA causes AP-1 to dissociate completely from the membrane, whereas a pool of GGA2 remains associated in the CD8-CIMPR-expressing cells. Scale bar: 10 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4229683_fig7s1_335600.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Drep-2GFP colocalizes with endogenous Drep-2.(A) Pan-neural overexpression of UAS-drep-2GFP by elavc155-Gal4. MB calyx stained with anti-GFP, BrpN-Term and Drep-2C-Term. The Drep-2GFP label does not differ from the Drep-2C-Term antibody staining, compare also to Figure 4 and Figure 4—figure supplement 1. Scale bars: 10 µm and 1 µm (insets). (B) KC-specific expression of UAS-drep-2GFP by mb247-Gal4 in drep-2ex13 mutants. Staining and scale bars as in (A).DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03895.014 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2908147_pone-0011688-g007_69481.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Chloroplast localization of a PGR7 N-terminus-GFP fusion protein in Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts.The protoplasts were transformed with either p21TPG3 encoding the PGR7 N-terminus-GFP fusion protein (A, B and C) or, as a control, p35Ω-SGFP(S65T) encoding GFP itself (D, E and F). The green fluorescence images (A and D) were overlaid with chlorophyll autofluorescence images (B and E) to generate merged ones (C and F). The bar represents 10 µm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qe1eqz083270vwe1zp.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3170855_fig3_108111.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Reimaging of the abdomen with computed tomography three days subsequent to the original study demonstrates further increase in size of the ruptured hemangioma, and it now measures 61.5 mm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2268712_f7_19251.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | VIP-loaded rhodamine-conjugated-liposomes (VIP-Rh-lip) internalization and VIP expression by ED3-positive macrophages in cervical LN 24 h following IVT injection of VIP-Rh-Lip. A: Free VIP, detected with rabbit anti-VIP antibody (blue) localized within cells containing Rh-Lip (red; B) and expressing ED3 green (C). D: Merge image showing membranous expression of ED3 by cells containing Rh-lip and blue granules within liposomes. The bar in D represents 20 μm in all images. Confocal microscopy optical section is 2 μm in all images. Representative images of two experiments performed on cervical LN from two rats. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27815.jpg | what is abnormal in the ultrasound? | gallbladder polyp |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4325971_fig1_357729.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | PAS staining in renal cortical slices. Renal sections of lean (le) and obese (ob) ZSF1 rats were stained with PAS and structural changes were analyzed. Examples for histological changes in renal tissue are marked as follows: #, tubular atrophy and dilatation; ##, hyaline protein casts in tubular lumen; §, pressure-induced deformation of glomerulus; §§, dilatation of Bowman's capsule and protein cast in Bowman's space; §§§, glomerulosclerosis. The arrows mark the thickening of tubular and glomerular basement membranes. Magnification: 200x. Representative images from three different rats under each condition are shown. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3024261_ppat-1001261-g006_84914.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Appressorium penetration assays with onion and rice epidermal cells.
A. Onion epidermal cells inoculated with Ku80, M6 (Momsb2), S72 (Mosho1), and MS88 (Momsb2 Mosho1) were examined 48 hpi. B. Epidermal cells of rice leaf sheaths were inoculated with the same set of strains and examined 48 hpi. A, appressorium; C, conidium; GT, germ tube; IH, infectious hypha. Bar = 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3241628_pone-0028574-g006_119614.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | GFP and MCH are expressed by the same cells in MCH-GFP mice.(A, B) Photomicrographs of two adjacent sections passing through the caudal lateral hypothalamus of an adult mouse brain and labeled by the GFP- or MCH-AS using the standard peroxidase anti-peroxydase procedure. Both AS labeled neurons showing similar distribution patterns in the perifornical region (fx: fornix) and adjacent to the cerebral peduncle (cpd). (C, D): A double immunohistochemical procedure (peroxidase – GFP, immunofluresecnce - MCH), both AS revealed the same neurons. Scale bar: A, B = 500 µm; C, D = 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4053433_pone-0099410-g001_296926.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | 3D printed chitosan scaffold.(A) Macroscopic image of a 3D printed chitosan scaffold showing strands of chitosan extruded in a 3D lattice pattern overlying each other forming a 3D structure. (B) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image showing the lattice network of chitosan fibres. Scale bars as indicated. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3907296_pgen-1004115-g006_262766.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | The ONSEN LTR is rapidly activated throughout the seedlings.Transcriptional activity of the ONSEN LTR fused to the GUS reporter gene in Col-0 wild type plants in one week-old seedling under non-stressed (A–C) and 30 h heat stress conditions (D–F). Details of shoot (G–I) and root (J–L) images of GUS stained seedlings after 30 min (G, J), 1 h (H, K) and 2 h heat stress (I, L). Scale bars represent 1 mm (A and D) or 0.1 mm (other panels). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2294.jpg | Is bone marrow present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3622364_fig12_197848.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunofluorescence of contractile protein α-actin in rat aortic smooth muscle cells on day 4 after seeding on a microscopic glass coverslip (glass), on pristine LDPE (pristine), on LDPE irradiated with plasma (plasma), on LDPE irradiated with Ar+ plasma and grafted with glycine (Gly), on polyethylene glycol (PEG), on bovine serum albumin (BSA), on colloidal carbon particles (C), and on bovine serum albumin with C (BSA+C). Olympus IX 51 microscope, DP 70 digital camera, obj. 100x, bar = 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4620260_fig4_437338.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Follow-up coronary angiography showing pseudoaneurysm formation. Left anterior oblique (LAO) view (a), right anterior oblique view (b), and LAO-cranial view (c). (d) X-ray fluorography showing complete stent fracture. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1802837_F6_9667.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Short myosin XI tail length fusion constructs are insufficient to be targeted to organelles. Tobacco leaf cells after Agrobacterium infiltration with different myosin tail length fusion constructs. A-D) Complete tail constructs. E-G) 1/2 coil constructs. H-J) Nocoil constructs. K-N) 1/2 tail constructs. O-R) Dilute constructs. The yellow signal is from the YFP fusion constructs, red is chlorophyll autofluorescence. The shorter the tail, the more unspecific cytoplasmic labeling is observed. Rather few punctuate structures were observed in cells with 1/2 tail or dilute constructs. n/d = not determined. Bar = 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4151541_fig4_317160.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Functional images (“pseudo” CBF and CMRO2) of normal and infarction rat brains (Wistar rats, male, 8 weeks old). T2 weighted MR images are shown as a position reference. PET scans were performed during continuous administration of 15O-CO2 and 15O-O2 gases by spontaneous respiration of rats under isoflurane anesthesia. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2764115_fig07_48243.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of wild-type 10403S and 10403SΔlmo0927 L. monocytogenes strains. Overnight cultures of wild-type 10403S (WT) and 10403SΔlmo927 (Δ0927) strains were back-diluted and grown for the indicated time at 30°C or 37°C. Bacteria were fixed and prepared for TEM as described under Experimental procedures and representative images are shown: WT grown for 3.5 h at (A) 30°C and (B) 37°C; Δ0927 grown for 3.5 h at (C) 30°C and (D) 37°C; (E–H) Δ0927 grown for 8.5 h at 37°C. Images were taken at (A–D) 49 000×; (E) 30 000×; (F) 68 000×; (G and H) 98 000× magnification and scale bars are shown. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3663682_F6_206620.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Visualization of a 1mm needle biopsy from a breast tissue biopsy at 74X magnification (scale bar = 100μm). (a) An adjacent histology slide stained with H&E is shown. Epithelial cells are purple and stromal cells are pink. Arrows indicate the position of a blood vessel and necrosis. (b) Tissue density is shown after baseline correction. (c) Features are then selected to separate stromal cells (red), epithelium (green), and necrosis (blue). The histogram shows selected spectra for estimating tissue density (d) and chemical composition (e). The composition histogram is normalized to the area under the Amide I peak (white box). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07512.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Posteroanterior view of the skull showing increased density with a flocculent appearance |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4692519_f0015_456823.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Example subject (499566) in the HCP80 dataset showing segmentations of putamen (red), globus pallidus (green) and caudate + nucleus accumbens (blue) on axial (top two rows) and coronal (bottom two rows) slices. The FA volume was not used for segmenting the caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4048120_F1_295310.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Radiographic assessment at the 3-month follow-up. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3726626_pone-0070634-g002_221157.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in invasive breast carcinomas (IBC) using the ESR1/CEP6 dual color probe.ESR1 gene (green signals) in an IBC case with normal gene status is presented (A), IBC cases with gain of ESR1 gene (B–C) and in the last panel (D), case with high amplification of ESR1 gene, accompanied by gain of CEP6. Magnification ×1000. CEP6, centromere 6 enumeration probe. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4120712_F4_311148.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Highlighting of enhanced HCC in real CT-images. Input images
(A-D) with the correspondent output of the algorithm (E-H)
in the same column. CT slices were obtained from exams of 4 different
patients with HCCs, showing the detected HCCs (highlighted region) in the
output images. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3500317_pone-0049739-g003_166548.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Colon histological disease scores for TNBS-treated mice.Colonic mucosal injury (0–3) and inflammation (0–3) scores were assessed in a blinded manner by a board-certified pathologist (B. Weeks) and combined for a total score (0–6). Representative images (100 × magnification) are shown for the HF, HF-FO and LF TNBS-treated groups, respectively (panels A-C) and a representative image of a HF vehicle control (panel D) is shown. E) Combined injury/inflammation histological score within the distal colon (n = 10−14 TNBS treated mice/diet). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Wilcoxon two-sample testing, and bars represent median values. Bars not sharing a common letter are significantly different (P≤0.05). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4050446_F2_296164.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | CT and MRI imaging of metastatic osteosarcoma. (a) Computational tomography (CT) imaging of lung metastasis in the early course of the disease. Multiple metastases are seen in both lungs. Axial (b) T1-weighted and (c) T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan shows a heterogeneous, ill-defined mass measuring 73 × 45 × 60 mm in the right trapezius muscle. (d) Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted image shows a circumscribed signal abnormality in the right trapezius muscle that was moderately enhanced. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3212579_pone-0027508-g004_115017.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Nude mouse axillary node with hyperintense center.(A) MR image. (B) Corresponding histology. The hyperintense area within the lymph node (arrow) corresponds to a cavity that is visible in the histology. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2857882_pone-0010248-g004_62612.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Distribution of SAF-B missing the conserved DNA-binding SAP domain.(A) Truncated SAF-B protein, lacking the DNA-binding SAP domain, fused to GFP, in larval neuroblast nuclei. Independent channels are shown for immunodetection of SAF-B-GFP, DAPI fluorescence of DNA, and the merge. Few smaller foci (as seen in Fig. 3) are often replaced by one or more larger foci. These foci are often connected via continual “threadlike” structures of staining. (B-D) as in (A), SAPless SAF-B-GFP channel only. Scale bar 2 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_23895.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | The outer border of descending aorta abuts against the left lung and makes a mirror image artificat because of the reflection of sound waves from the lung |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuu8zqk074y2agi34ee.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4096498_F1_305878.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Preoperative computed tomography and angiographic findings in the posterior fossa. (a) CT angiography in a 68-year-old male showing the aneurysm with calcified neck imprinted in the brain stem. (b-c) Vertebral angiography with contrast injection in the left vertebral artery (AP projection) and rotational angiography with 3D reconstruction of the vertebro-basilar system show an irregularly shaped, saccular aneurysm localized at the left VA-PICA junction. (d) Right vertebral angiography shows distal occlusion of the V4 segment. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4498509_Fig2_405004.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. |
a Macroscopic sagittal section. Type 1 colon cancer, 2.5 × 2.5 cm (arrow). The specimen includes the ureteral orifice. The resected neovagina has thick walls. b Microscopic finding (hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification; ×200). The neoplasm consists of mucinous carcinoma cells with signet-ring cells |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3974761_pone-0093600-g005_278569.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Recognition of cancer structures for two clinical patients.Five slices corresponding to the MRI volume of each patient are illustrated. The probability map was superimposed over the T2-weighted images. The background represents the gray values of the T2-weighted images for the whole prostate tissue. In the foreground the probability estimation of cancer is shown using a color map only over the PZ for the corresponding slices. The probability of cancer is ranged on a color scale: red ( probability), yellow-green ( probability), without color (lower than probability of cancer). The white marks highlight the ground truth regions. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic46554.jpg | which plane is this image taken? | sagittal |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3634814_pone-0061557-g005_200567.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | LPS induces PC1/3 trafficking and co-localization with TLR4.Confocal images of NR8383 cells double-labeled with anti-PC1/3 (green) and anti-TLR4 (red) and incubated with 100 ng/ml LPS for the indicated time. Insets represent 3× magnification of regions where PC1/3 and TLR4 show partial co-localization. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuq8zn4074y6ud0erxj.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3938647_pone-0090136-g002_270648.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | The formation of lamellipodia and morphology in MCF-7 cells cultured with high glucose level.MCF-7 cells plated on Collargen IV-coated coverslips were cultured with normal (5.5 mM), high (25 mM) D-glucose concentration, or an osmotic control (5.5 mM D-glucose plus 19.5 mM D-mannitol) medium for 24 h. Cells were fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.1% Triton X-100 and stained with Alexa Fluor®546-labelled phalloidin. Upper panels; fluorescence images, lower panels; phase-contrast images. Representative results of 3 independent experiments are shown. Arrows show representative lamellypodia formations. Bars: 10 µm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic36390.jpg | what part of the body is being imaged? | genitourinary |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4599934_pone.0139557.g003_431672.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Comparisons of estrous cycles through visual observation of the appearance of the vagina for six consecutive days between pcd
3J+/+ and pcd
3J-/- female mice.Representative pictures of the appearance of the vagina from pcd
3J+/+ (A, estrus; B, metestrus; C, diestrus; D, proestrus; E, estrous; F, metestrus) and pcd
3J-/- females (G-L) for six consecutive days. The determination of the specific stage of the estrus cycle was not possible for pcd
3J-/- and not indicated. Each picture was taken in every 24 hours. No clear signs of the progress in the estrus cycle were observed from pcd
3J-/- females. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3634812_pone-0059600-g003_200548.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Group by condition (SE vs. RE) differences.(A) enhanced BOLD response in left anterior PFC (controls vs. OCD), (B) in dorsal ACC (OCD vs. controls), (C) in right inferior parietal cortex (controls vs. MDD) and (D) in left insula (OCD vs. MDD). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4292049_F7_350124.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | SPECT/CT imaging of mice bearing colon carcinoma xenografts: posterior projections of mice preinjected with (A) CC49-TCO followed 1 day later by 111In-DOTA-tetrazine (1:25, 42 MBq), (B) CC49 followed 1 day later by 111In-DOTA-tetrazine (1:25, 20 MBq), (C) irrelevant Ab (Rtx-TCO; 100 μg) followed 1 day later by 111In-DOTA-tetrazine (1:25, 50 MBq), (D–F) single transverse slices (2 mm) passing through the tumors in
(A–C). This research was originally published in Rossin et al. (60). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4605089_Fig4_433240.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. a, b for raw (unprocessed) yeast, and c-d for solid char obtained from non-catalytic co-solvent HTL at 240 °C. Left column SEM images a, c were obtained at ×250 magnification; SEM images b, d were obtained at ×3500 magnifications |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4518496_F1_410104.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Sagital transvaginal sonogram showing anteverted uterus
and endometrial layer of 12 mm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3930724_pone-0089315-g003_268517.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Multi-contrast coronary imaging (top row: RCA, bottom row: LAD).Water images are shown in A&D, fat images in B&E, combined images with enhanced coronary artery contrast (Eq. 3) in C&F. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3131302_pone-0021979-g007_101633.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Evolution of steatosis to steatohepatitis and neoplasia.(a) Histology of the liver of a 4 month-old Acox1lampe1 mouse showing fat accumulation in a zonal distribution around the central veins (magnification 200×) and (b) scattered foci of lobular inflammation with aggregates of macrophages at 4 months (magnification 400×). (c) At 12 months, the liver architecture is markedly disrupted by expansile nodules replacing most of the parenchyma (magnification 200×). (d) Foci of dysplastic hepatocytes and dysplastic nodules were present throughout the liver and some of the nodules contained areas of frank hepatocellular carcinoma (e), with loss of reticulin fibers (f). Hematoxylin and eosin (a–e) and reticulin (f) stain. 6D–F 400× magnifications. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3410634_F5_147803.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Confocal laser-scanning microphotographs taken from coronal histological sections through the NSCs transplanted striatum. Histological sections with GFP labeled cells (green, A,D,G,J) were immunostained for ChAT, SOM, calbindin and TH antigen IHC (red, B,E,H,K, respectively). Corresponding double immunostaining is indicated (C,F,I,L). Note in the merged confocal microscopy images, that several neural GFP elements colocalize with ChAT (A–C), SOM (D–F), or calbindin antigens (G–I). Colocalization is shown in yellow. However GFP-positive structures consistently lacked TH immunostaining (J–L). Scale bar: 50 μm (A–I); 40 μm (J–L). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3850075_F11_248435.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Confocal microscopy of tumor bound phage. Tumor bound phages were detected by staining with α-phage lambda polyclonal rabbit serum, followed by an anti-rabbit FITC-conjugated secondary antibody. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4305083_Fig2_352674.jpg | What is shown in this image? |
Scanning electron micrograph showing MelJuSo melanoma cell uptake of APMS-TEG at different time points at two magnifications.
a) at one hour, b) at 4 hours and c) at 24 hours. Scale bar = 10 μm top row, 1 μm bottom row. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3283499_F5_126527.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Protein expression assessments of POSTN, ODC1, and ASPA. Immunohistochemical staining of POSTN (A), ODC1 (B), and ASPA (C) are shown, with rabbit IgG (D) as the negative control. The left and middle panels for each represent tumor area at the magnification of 40× and 10×. The right panel for each represents the tumor adjacent normal area at a magnification of 10× |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4422857_Fig3_384050.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | MRI images of one PRL adenoma. A, C Before surgery, B, D gross total resection after surgery |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_lungs/train_1402.jpg | Does this image show lung, pneumocystis pneumonia? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4650348_Fig8_445231.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | An axial view of a SPECT/CT corresponding to Figs. 6 and 7
|
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4527588_pone.0135087.g007_412744.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Extramedullary haematopoiesis is observed in spleens of immunized mice and 14 days after NTS induction.HE stains and immunohistochemical stainings for CD41 and Ter119 were performed from spleens of healthy mice, immunized mice, and mice with NTS on day 14. Representative pictures are shown. Magnification x200 (HE), x400 (CD41+) and x600 (Ter119+). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4470591_pone.0128658.g011_397645.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Fluorescence image showing MG-63 cell growth on the scaffold material.At 3 h a very small number of cells adhered to the scaffold, but at 6 h and 12 h the number of adhered MG-63 cells increased substantially. At 1 d the cell nuclei began to show dispersed and uniform blue fluorescence. At 2 d the fluorescence intensity increased substantially, and at 3 d a granular fluorescence was observed due to increased cell density. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4477319_Fig1_399039.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Overexpression of α-SYN or eGFP in mouse SN with high titer rAAV2/7 vectors. Immunohistochemical staining for TH (left panels) shows cell loss in the injected side of both the parkin−/− and the parkin+/+ mice at 4 weeks after injection with a high titer of rAAV2/7-WT α-SYN. Immunohistochemical stainings for α-SYN and eGFP (middle and right panels) show wide expression of these proteins in the injected side of the SN. Right panels are magnifications of the adjacent left panel. Scale bars overviews = 400 μm and magnifications = 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3263777_RSTA20110080F1_122937.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | (a) Neural population model surface (blue) between the Civet interfaces of grey matter with white matter (yellow) and cerebrospinal fluid (orange). (b) Skull and scalp boundaries (blue) from intensity profiles (black) along outward vectors (green). (c) Visual connectivity used in this study. ‘Regional map’ areas are indicated by colours on an average cortical surface. FEF, frontal eye field; VACd and VACv, dorsal and ventral anterior visual cortex. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4451694_F1_392130.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | The regions showing gray matter volume differences between the two groups. A, apathy group; NA, non-apathy group. (Threshold at p uncorrected <0.001 and voxels more than 100). A > NA: the regions showing larger gray matter volumes in the apathy group compared to the non-apathy group. A < NA: the regions showing larger gray matter volumes in the apathy group compared to the non-apathy group. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3123573_F6_100504.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Variation of subcellular targeting among VAMP7 isoforms. Living HeLa cells, co-expressing an EGFP tagged splice variant of VAMP7 (left column) and the RFP tagged VAMP7a (central column). Merged images are presented on the right column. Reference white bars correspond to 5 μm. Confocal planes are presented. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1331.jpg | What is present? | nervous |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3637209_pone-0061574-g001_201104.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Macroscopic observations of the hair cycle.The hair shafts of murine skin were shaven by animal clippers beforehand. A: The significant area of color in the mouse dorsal skin was surrounded by a red line. B: The corresponding skin color gray-scale ratio on day 9 was shown on the left and day 19 on the right. Data were presented as mean ± SEM, n = 9 in each group, * P<0.05 compared with control group, † P<0.05 compare with CRS group. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1190165_F3_2867.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | T1 weighted MRI of brain before (figure 3A) and after Gadolinium contrast enhancement (figure 3B>), showing a metastatic deposit involving the right frontal bone with a large extracranial soft tissue component and meningeal invasion. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4637027_fig3_442245.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Histologic assessment of in vitro cell binding of anti-CD15-SPIONs. Prussian blue staining (a, d) and electron microscopy micrographs (b, c, e, f) demonstrate that the positive SPIONs (arrows) are bound to the cell membrane after cells were incubated with anti-CD15-SPIONs (a, b, c), while there is absence of positive SPIONs when cells were incubated with nontargeted SPIONs (d, e, f). Bars in (a) and (d) equal 25 μm; bars in (b), (c), (e), and (f) equal 1 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2950843_pone-0013155-g003_75414.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Brain regions showing more activation in post- stop as compared with post-go stop success trials.BOLD contrasts are superimposed on a T1 structural image in axial sections from z = −40 to z = 64. The adjacent sections are 8 mm apart. The color bar represents voxel T value. L, Left; R, Right. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4362768_f0015_368384.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Immunolocalisation of SERCA and FLAG-tagged sarcolipin in mouse skeletal muscle. Frozen sections of skeletal muscle from transgenic mice expressing FLAG-tagged sarcolipin were acetone fixed, blocked for 1 h in PBST containing 10% BSA. The sections were then incubated with Anti-FLAG-FITC conjugate antibody (1:100) rabbit polyclonal anti-SERCA1/2/3 (1:100) (Santa Cruz). The primary antibodies were detected using donkey anti-rabbit Texas red conjugate (1:100). Following washing the section was incubated with DAPI stain 1 μg/ml and mounted in Mowiol containing 0.1% citifluor. FITC fluorescence is shown in panel A; Texas red fluorescence in panel B; DAPI fluorescence in panel C and FITC, DAPI and Texas red merged in panel D. |
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