image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/sfolder_1/PMC2859758_F3_62878.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | In situ hybridization. Panels A-C shows results from Sense probe negative controls with no detectable nuclear staining. Panels D-F the positive cells of tissue sections probed with HPV-L1, EBV-EBER, and KSHV-ORF72 showed dark brown staining of the nucleus. The probes did not detect all viruses in all tumor cells, however, HPV, EBV, and KSHV were detected in some regions. Panels G-I shows a higher magnification of 60× compared to panels D-F which showed magnification of 40×. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4090530_fig6_304956.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Adaxial side of in vitro leaf: (a) basic outlines of epidermal polygonal cells, (b) convex cell form with irregular cuticular shrinking, (c) guard cells and inner wall, and (d) open anomocytic stomata. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4082162_F1_303476.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Plain radiographs obtained at baseline showing the patient’s T12 fracture in standing anteroposterior and lateral views of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3109821_F0004_98155.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Transaxial CT, PET, and PET-CT images (L-R) images of a patient with NB. Baseline scan (upper row) shows a left suprarenal mass with mild uptake. Scan done post two cycles of NACT (lower row) shows no significant reduction in the size as well as FDG uptake. These finding are suggestive no treatment response on PET-CT and CT |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_45002.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | CT of skull with calcification |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_mouth/train_2159.jpg | Where is this? | oral |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3338608_pone-0036159-g006_135859.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Postmortem examination of 14-3-3 in the brain of sCJD cases.
A. H&E staining was performed in the post mortem brain cortex obtained from of CJD patients 5 and 6 (CJD-5 and CJD-6) and one patient with cerebral infarction (control, non-affected hemisphere). B. 14-3-3 protein expression levels were monitored by immunohistochemistry in post-mortem brain sections of patient CJD-5 and CJD-6 compared to a control subject. Brain cortex, thalamus and cerebellum were analyzed. C. In addition, the expression pattern of PrP was also analyzed in cortex presented in A. Magnification 400×. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3368354_fig2_140643.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Histological findings of the biopsy samples. The initial biopsy specimens taken from the border of erosions contained small number of duodenal villi. Lymphoma cells were scanty, and therefore, the specimens were inadequate for pathological diagnosis ((a) hematoxylin and eosin staining, original magnification ×40). Second biopsy specimens taken from the peripheral whitish mucosa showed lymphoid follicles composed of small-to-medium-sized lymphoid cells ((b) hematoxylin and eosin staining, original magnification ×40). Lymphoma cells also infiltrated into the duodenal villi ((c) hematoxylin and eosin staining, original magnification ×200). Lymphoma cells were positive for CD10 ((d) original magnification ×40) and BCL2 staining ((e) original magnification ×40). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4256160_pntd-0003367-g006_341693.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Alteration in actin cytoskeleton.The actin cytoskeleton change was determined by staining with alex488 conjugated phalloidin (green). Phalloidin binds to F-actin. The nucleus and parasite was stained with DAPI (blue) and visualized by confocal microscopy. A) N-MΦ, B) I-MΦ, and C) I-MΦ-CL. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4052253_toxins-06-01575-f002_296603.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Fluorescence localization of periplocoside NW (PSNW) in the midgut of M. separata larvae. (A,D) Control midgut; (B,E) Incubated with fluorescence marker of PSNW (FNW) in vivo; (C and F) Incubated with FNW in vitro. A, B, and C, 100×; and D, E, and F 400×. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0251.jpg | What shows undifferentiated retinal cells and the typical rosettes? | tumour arising from the retina |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1526588_F4_6353.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Immunocytochemical analysis of BAFF expression in salivary epithelilal cells from minor salivary glands. Positive staining for B cell-activating factor (BAFF) 48 hours after stimulation with IFN-α (2,400 U/ml) (c) and with IFN-γ (5 ng/ml) (d) was markedly enhanced compared with baseline (b). (a) Negative control with polyclonal rat immunoglobulin. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4614538_f8_435166.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Mitochondrial fragmentation induced by NLRP3 inflammasome activation.(a) Confocal images of shScr or shDrp1 BMDMs left untreated or treated with LPS (0.25 μg/ml, 3 h), followed with nigericin (5 μM, 1 h) stimulation. Immunofluorescence assays were performed using anti-Tom20 antibody (red) and anti-NLRP3 antibody (green). (b) ShScr or ShDrp1 BMDMs were primed with LPS in the presence of YVAD (20 μM), followed by ATP (2 mM, 45 min) or nigericin (5 μM, 45 min) treatment. Cells were stained with anti-Tom20 antibody (red) and analyzed by confocal microscopy as in (a). (a,b) Blue signal represents nuclear fluorescence. Scale bars, 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4012956_pone-0071160-g005_286465.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you |
Astraeus sirindhorniae.Exoperidium layers. (A) exoperidial suprapellis, outer most surface, bar = 6 µm. (B) exoperidial suprapellis, bar = 7 µm. (C) interface layer between exoperidial suprapellis (top left) and mediopellis (lower right), bar = 6 µm. (D) exoperidial mediopellis, bar = 7 µm. (E) exoperidial mediopellis (inner most), bar = 7 µm. and (F) interface layers between exoperidial mediopellis (top left) and subpellis (lower right), bar = 8 µm. Magnification at 1,000×. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3123356_pone-0021482-g004_100447.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Endogenous ECSM2 also localizes to cell-cell junctions.(A) Colocalization of endogenous ECSM2 with β-catenin revealed by standard fluorescent microscopy. HUVEC or DU145 (control) cells were costained with anti-ECSM2 RabMAb (subclone 71-1), anti-β-catenin, and DAPI. Merged images of β-catenin (green), ECSM2 (red), and DAPI (blue) staining are shown. Overlapping distribution of endogenous ECSM2 and β-catenin in HUVEC is indicated by arrows. Scale bar, 20 µm. (B) Colocalization of endogenous ECSM2 with β-catenin in HUVEC, confirmed by confocal microscopy. Z-sections of a representative image are also shown as merged results of β-catenin (green), ECSM2 (red), and DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 20 µm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3552722_F4_180677.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Examples of vector clouds. Vector clouds of four patients (a-d), the green points are trigger-points, which optimally should be located in the R-loop (like in upper row d). Upper row: new algorithm, lower row: old algorithm. In parenthesis the average grading of the three blinded graders from 1 to 4. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glds49r071uc4a4amxd.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2234427_F5_17420.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Immunohistochemical staining for α-smooth muscle actin. Immunohistochemical staining for α-smooth muscle actin (ASMA, brown) showing clearly more ASMA-positive cells in the matrigel plugs of mice carrying the activated PDGFR-beta (B), compared wild type mice (A) (the same magnification was used in Fig.5A and Fig.5B). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4682101_f4_453886.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | RNAi-mediated knockdown of the identified genes and transcription factors results in gross MB defects.(a–d) Anti-FasII staining visualizing the αβ lobes of the MBs in the adult brain of 3–7 day old males (scale bar, 50 μm) (a) UAS-RNAi-AbdBTRIP35647, OK107-Gal4 (b) UAS-RNAi-CG33557VDRC23517, OK107-Gal4 (c) UAS-RNAi-lolaTRIP35721, OK107-Gal4 (d) UAS-RNAi-sdaTRIP 37494, OK107-Gal4. (e,f) Quantification of variation in gross MB defects on RNAi-mediated knockdown (N=20 hemispheres). (e) α lobe defects. (f) β lobe defects. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2267469_F3_19004.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | The microscopic features of the granular cell tumour were: (A) Round polygonal granular cells observed in nests, divided by fibrous septa; (B) The tumour had an infiltrating margin; (C) The nuclei were small and dark. The cytoplasm was eosinophilic fine to coarsely granular; (D) The granular cell tumour arose from the nerve bundles; (E) Histochemical stain showed the granules represent phagolysosomes which were strongly Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) positive and diastase-resistant; (F) Immunohistochemsitry was strongly positive for S100. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic43656.jpg | what organ system is shown in this angiogram? | genitourinary |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4315070_f1-ol-09-03-1313_354915.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Histological analysis of the left neck lymph nodes showing (A) loss of the normal architecture, except for the presence of occasional depleted follicles with concentrically arranged follicular dendritic cells, and effacement of the architecture by polymorphic infiltrate with marked vascular proliferation [hematoxylin and esoin (HE) staining; magnification, ×200]. (B) Higher magnification of the image in (A) (HE staining; magnification, ×400). Immunohistochemical staining showed positive expression of (C) cluster of differentiation (CD)3 (+), (D) CD4 (+), (E) CD8 (+), (F) CD21 (++), (G) CD45RO (++) and (H) Ki-67 (++; 60%). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic33444.jpg | what organ is this ultrasound showing? | genitourinary |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_58642.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Split bolus contrast CT KUB: coronal section. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4420390_F1_383431.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Figure 1: CT scan showing a cyst in the right lower abdomen with dilated proximal bowel loops. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_endocrine/train_1490.jpg | Is endocrine present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4676848_Fig2_453036.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | a 3D reconstruction CT preoperatively. b Type 3 endoleak (arrow). c Completion angiography |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxut8zq8074y0qrw786f.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic50880.jpg | which plane is this image taken? | coronal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3905471_F3_262332.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | (A) Current density reconstructions (CDR) showing cortical activation at the P1, N1, and P2 CAEP peak components on axial MRI slices for the normal hearing (NH) and hearing loss (HL) groups. The scale of the F Distribution is shown in the upper right corner ranging from red to yellow (yellow is highest level of activation), and the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates are listed below each MRI slice. (B) A table describing activated anatomical cortical areas for the CAEP components for each group, listed in approximate order of highest level of activation. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3866928_F2_252668.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Examples of severe pathology detected by POC ultrasonography at the bedside. Images were obtained by the novice examiner. Upper left panel: Pericaldial exudates. Upper right panel: Left ventricular dilation. Middle left panel: Right ventricular dilation. Middle right: Myocardial hypertrophy. Lower left: Impaired ejection fraction. Lower right: Aortic stenosis. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2924364_ppat-1001058-g002_71716.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | SSZ reduces pulmonary inflammation during PcP-related IRIS.Pc-infected SCID mice were immunologically reconstituted, and then treated with PBS (Panels A–C) or SSZ (Panels D–F) beginning at day 1 post-reconstitution. Lung sections from mice at days 13 (A, D), 18 (B, E) or 25 (c, F) post-reconstitution were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Representative pictures were taken by microscopy under 40× magnification. Arrows denote peribronchiolar regions in each section, while asterisks denote alveolar regions. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2622763_pone-0004257-g007_32437.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Timepoint-specific negative and positive correlations with RT.The white digit in each panel indicates the timepoint (i.e., the acquisition volume relative to trial onset) at which the correlation with RT occurred. Blue: negative correlations with RT in all five samples; red: positive correlations with RT in all five samples. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2426739_fig2_24247.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Congo Red binding and birefringence. Microscopic examination under
cross-polerizers upon staining with Congo Red of samples of the studied
peptides: (a) C2, (b) H2, (c) C1, and (d) H1. The C2 and H2 peptides exhibited
green birefringence characteristic of amyloidal structures. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4690874_viruses-07-02951-f005_456297.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Phage-CaPi and phage-PEI complexes showed enhanced cell surface localization. HEK293 cells were treated with optimized ratios of phage premixed with either CaPi or PEI. Co-localization of complexes with cells was analyzed by using confocal microscopic imaging. Phage vector particles were double immunofluorescence stained with a rabbit anti-M13 phage primary antibody followed by staining with goat anti-rabbit AlexaFluor-594 secondary antibody (red). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3865680_fig05_252337.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Cells labelled with 18 ± 1 MPIOs/cell were clearly detectable both in sagittal and axial slices (A, B) at a concentration of 1000 cells/250 μl. The same number of non-labelled cells (C, D) or a correlating number of MPIOs suspended in agarose (E, F) showed no detectable distinct signal changes. Imaging parameters were the same as in Fig. 4. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4228617_fig02_335359.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Location of white birch sampling sites in Northern Ontario within the Greater Sudbury region. Site 1: Daisy Lake; Site 2: Wahnapitae Hydro-Dam; Site 3: Laurentian; Site 4: Kukagami; Site 5: Kingsway; Site 6: Falconbridge; Site 7: Capreol (reference); Site 8: St. Charles (reference); Site 9: Onaping Falls (reference); Site 10: Airport; Site 11: Azilda; Site 12: Kelly Lake. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4596833_pone.0138949.g004_430852.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative |
mpeg1-mediated fluorophore expression is attenuated in infected cells.Confocal image of a larval granuloma, 5 days post-infection. The region containing infected cells is indicated by the green dashed line. Within each cell, M. marinum expressing the Cerulean fluorescent protein (cyan signal) are clearly visible. In addition, faint tdTomato fluorescence is visible within the infected cells. White arrowheads indicate examples of bright, uninfected cells exhibiting normal levels of tdTomato fluorescence. a. Brightfield detailing the granuloma in which mpeg1 fluorescent protein expression is attenuated. b. Fluorescent M. marinum in the same area c. Macrophages expressing the tdTomato fluorescent protein. d. Merged image of a-c. Scale bars = 50 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2630.jpg | Is teeth said to be infiltrates of aml? | no |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2799.jpg | What is lesion cross sectioned? | to show white neoplasm with central hemorrhage |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic23032.jpg | what organ system is visualized? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3925488_Fig1_267355.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image |
A case of hemoptysis. Hemorrhage-responsible arteriogram created by CT during thoracic aortography depicts the left bronchial artery (green) branching from the left intra-thoracic artery (purple) (a). A microcatheter was advanced via a preshaped catheter and inserted into the left intra-thoracic artery, followed by selective embolization of the left bronchial artery with gelatin sponge particles as shown in the angiography before (b) and after (c) embolization. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4197780_fig1s1_328150.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Undulating boundary of isotonic vesicles.Selected time-lapse fluorescence images from Video 1 revealing out-of-plane membrane fluctuations typical for non-tense GUVs in the absence of osmotic gradient. Panels correspond to (A) 0 s, (B) 3 s, (C) 5 s, (D) 11 s, (E) 16 s, (F) 27 s. The GUV is composed of POPC:SM:Ch (1:1:1), labeled with 0.5% Rho-DPPE (pseudo-colored magenta), and imaged at 25°C. Scale bar: 5 µm.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03695.004 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3358310_pone-0037296-g002_139044.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Microstructured sample cuvette used in the study.A) Photograph of pillar channel, B) Electron micrograph of a pillar field with thousand fold magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4015059_Fig2_286968.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Claudin 7 (Clau7)- or α-fetoprotein (αFP)-positive cells do not express the CD26 donor cell marker (blue nuclear staining with DAPI). Dual immunohistochemical staining for either claudin 7 (a–c) or αFP (d–f) and DPPIV/CD26 (CD26) in the liver of RS-treated DPPIV- rat transplanted with hepatocytes isolated from a DPPIV+ syngenic donor (+Tx plus transplant). Samples were taken 1 year post-transplantation. No overlap was observed between DPPIV/CD26 expression and staining for claudin 7 or αFP. Note the extensive repopulation of the host liver (green) around claudin 7- or αFP-expressing cells. For comparison, g–l show co-expression of DPPIV/CD26 in claudin 7- or αFP-positive cells from normal untreated DPPIV+ rats. Bars 100 μm |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3420467_fig2_150110.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | A section of cranial CT scan in the 8th day of admittance. Arrows show arterial air embolism. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3009674_F4_82211.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | A)preoperative MRI (tumor brown, CTV blue, PTV red), B)postoperative MRI (tumor brown, CTV blue, PTV red),C)axial and D) coronal MRI showing radiation plan with isodose lines, E and F) non-coplanar and conformal arrangement of the static beams. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4214502_f1-ol-08-06-2787_331593.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Contrast-enhanced T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging reveals an intracanalicular tumor in the region of the cerebellopontine angle (shown by the arrow). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4006621_fig1_285101.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | (a) Sagittal (A), coronal (B), and axial (C) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the patient at the age of 77 years. (b) ¹²³FP-CIT SPECT imaging of the patient at the age of 78 years and an age- and sex-matched normal control. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3488028_F2_163641.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Case 1. Primary Sjögren’s syndrome-related mixed cryoglobulinemia with peripheral neuropathy, skin lesions, and glomerulonephritis. The chest radiograph (a) and computed tomography scan (b) showed bilateral pleural effusion and alveolar infiltrates. The kidney biopsy showed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with abundant infiltrating monocytes and intracapillary "protein thrombi" (c, Masson’s trichrome stain, x400) and “double contours” (d, Jones’ silver stain, x400). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2820471_F1_56539.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Ink perfusion. Images of a BALB/C wild-type mouse brain (A) and of a brain from an interleukin-18 knock-out mouse on a BALB/C background (B) with ink-perfused cerebrovasculature. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2947736_F0004_75017.jpg | What is shown in this image? | (a) Anteroposterior radiograph of pelvis with both hip joints showing a pathological subtrochanteric fracture with lytic lesion in proximal femur. (b) Loosers zones in pubic rami. (c) Osteolytic lesion in scapula. (d) Osteolytic lesion in ribs |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_64193.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Radiographic evidence of perforation defect extending into the furcation area |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2546.jpg | Is liver present? | yes |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3443279_Fig5_155109.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Fatty HCC in a 45-year-old man with chronic liver disease. a Pre-contrast MRI, b, c arterial phase, d 3 min, f 4 min, f 8 min, g IP, h OP, i SSFSE, j b0, k b500, l T1-weighted PDFF. The arrows point to a rounded focal lesion, with arterial enhancement, PV washout and hypointensity in the HCP. It also shows heterogeneous loss of signal in OP (fat), expressed likewise in the fat fraction map as bright areas in the lesion |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4408181_fig03_380473.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Photomicrographs of hepatic sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin (40× magnification) of ducklings from different treatment groups on (A) week 1 and (B) week 2 respectively. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1784092_F5_9128.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | PET whole-body performed after chemotherapy, showing no evidence of disease in the left popliteal fossa. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_50310.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Magnetic resonance imaging: Ocular deviation and elongation, with heterogeneous vitreous in the right eye |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2045107_F3_14460.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Calponin is not expressed in embryonic tissue. The olfactory mucosa was immunolabeled with antibodies to identify A) ORNs (TUJ1-red, Fn-green, DAPI-blue), B) connective tissue (Fn-red, calponin-green, DAPI-blue), C) OECs (p75NTR-red, calponin-green, DAPI-blue) and D) control tissue omitting the primary antibody. Images were obtained using the confocal microscope. The embryonic olfactory mucosa lacked any calponin immunoreactivity even though it expressed other markers which defined the OECs and connective tissue seen in the P7 olfactory mucosa. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3938476_F1_270563.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Spinal MRI of the NMO patient with active PTB. a: axial T2-weighted image showing a cervical lesion predominantly involving the central cord; b: T1-weighted contrast image revealing slight enhancement of the lesion; c: T2-weighted image showing a longitudinal extensive spinal cord lesion. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_36259.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Post-operative radiograph showing the lateral mass screws in C1 and C3 with good restoration of cervical alignment |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC1524989_F1_6333.jpg | What is shown in this image? | a. Photomicrograph displays a hematoxylin/eosin section (of a section of the mammary epithelial tumor at 40×). b. This same section at 200×. c. The pan-cytokeratin stain (AE1/AE3) is strongly positive, confirming the epithelial nature of the tumor. Magnification is 200×. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27629.jpg | what imaging method was used? | mr - other pulse seq. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3827245_pone-0078108-g003_242947.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | L-plastin Nbs perturb podosome formation in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells.Cells were incubated with PMA for 72-tagged LPL/CapG/GSN Nbs or EGFP was induced by 24 hr incubation with doxycycline (0.5 µg/ml). Cells were stained for F-actin (phalloidin 670, far red, shown in grey) and L-plastin or gelsolin (alexa-594, red). EGFP and EGFP-tagged nanobodies are shown in green. The pictures were acquired with a confocal laser scanning microscope and are representative for four independent experiments. Bar: 10 µm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glls4nn071u8mb6hls1.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4607247_Fig1_433774.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. |
a. Dilated intestines and niveau (arrows), consistent with ileus, are present on this plain radiograph of the abdomen. b–e. 64-row, multi-detector, abdominal computed tomography showing hepatic b, splenic c and bilateral renal d & e infarctions |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4186744_F3_325690.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Imaging of the knee. a: radiograph: well limited lytic condylar image with a sclerotic rima. b: Axial CT scan of the knee showing a lytic lesion with calcifications and without cortical disruption. c: MRI T2-weighted image shows a homogeneously hypointense and well delineated lesion. There is no peri lesional edema. d: Femur clear cell chondrosarcoma on hematoxylin and eosin staining shows morphologically an indistinct lobularity and fine fibrovascular septa separate sheets of clear cells associated to delicate trabeculae of osteoid and rare multinucleated giant cells (x100 of magnification). e: Radiograph of the knee after curettage, phenolization, and cementation. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3848428_F4_247712.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Muscle biopsy. (A) H&E staining of a muscle biopsy of the left anterior tibial muscle with mild myopathic changes indicated by muscle fiber splitting and increase in endomysial connective tissue. Additionally, in the ATPase pH 4.1 staining (B), a type I fiber predominance without evidence of fiber type grouping and numerous hypertrophic type I fibers are notable. Bars in A and B adjusted to 50 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07023.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Radiography of the left kidney in which can be seen an anomalous branched dendritic pelvis. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_kidney/train_0111.jpg | What are communicating with the pelvi-calyceal system unlike polycystic kidney? | these cysts |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4642755_Fig12_443490.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Optical images of nanodroplet-mediated cell fractionation. Images of cavitation bubble cloud (dark) and lesions (white) generated in the RBC agarose gel (gray) using nanodroplet-mediated histotripsy at different pressure levels. A total of 2000 2-cycle pulses at a driving frequency of 500 kHz and a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz were used for each treatment with peak negative pressure from 6.2 to 20.7 MPa, with courtesy of [77] |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3084273_pone-0019187-g003_93711.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Immunofluorescent assay to show IE1 and IE3 in murine cytomegalovirus-infected human and mouse cells.Upper: MCMVIE1/3gfp-infected NIH3T3 cells to show distribution of IE1 (left) and IE1_IE3 (right). Lower: MCMVIE1/3gfp-infected Mrc-5 cells to show distribution of IE1 (left) and IE1_IE3 (right). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4058481_fig1_298365.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Representative examples of HLA immunohistochemical staining, HLA-A ((a)–(c)), HLA-B/C ((d)–(f)), HLA-E ((h)–(j)), and HLA-G ((i)-(j)). Strong expression ((a), (d), (g), and (i)), weak expression ((b) and (e)), and loss of expression ((c), (f), (h), and (j)). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3308072_F1_130759.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Representative case of tuberous type OLF. Sagittal (a) and axial (b) CT images obtained in a 72-year-old woman with T11-12 OLF. Note the fusing of the ossified plaque at midline and the progression of this process into the spinal canal. The resected sample (c) contains a hard mass from dura mater aspect (arrow, ossification). CT, computed tomography; OLF, ossification of the ligamentum flavum. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4447382_pone.0128445.g009_390754.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Mitochondrial morphology in iPSC-derived neurons at baseline (Control) and ketamine treatment conditions using confocal microscopy.Cells were treated with ketamine for 24 h, and stained with anti-beta III-tubulin (green), MitoTracker Red CMXRos (red) and DAPI (blue). Cells treated with ketamine at 0 or 20 μM showed elongated mitochondria (red), whereas higher concentrations (100 and 500 μM) of ketamine resulted in small, punctuate mitochondria. The fluorescence intensity of MitoTracker Red was weakened in the 500 μM ketamine-treated neuron. Scale bar = 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4132223_F4_313369.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Adjudin inhibited ischemia/reperfusion induced blood-brain barrier destruction assayed by detection of IgG. Immunofluorescence staining for IgG (red) in the cerebral cortex and striatum from mice that underwent sham surgery (sham, top panel), transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) followed by vehicle treatment (vehicle, middle panel) and tMCAO followed by adjudin treatment (adjudin, bottom panel) 3 d after reperfusion, with DAPI staining for contrast. Merged images were shown at larger magnification, and scale bar =100 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3898881_f0010_260544.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Linear rate of GM volume reduction in patients (A) and in healthy controls (B) adjusted for age, gender, total grey matter volume and the scanner upgrade. Bottom row: Unthresholded one-tailed t-statistic map for negative linear effect of time adjusted for nuisance covariates (see above) in patients with PPMS (C) and healthy controls (D). The posterior cingulate gyri and adjacent precuneus (arrows) show the highest rate of volume loss in the patient group. PPMS; primary progressive multiple sclerosis, HC; Healthy controls. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4237767_Fig2_337816.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. |
The MRI images of the thoracic spine at the time of neurologic deterioration. A) Sagittal T2-weighted MRI image shows an increase in the size of the lesion. B) Coronal T1-weighted MRI image shows an enlarged ring-like enhancing intramedullary lesion (40 × 10 × 7 mm) with gadolinium. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4157037_F1_318556.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Typical M Echocardiography map of all groups shows that the heart is enlarged after myocardial infarction, whereas the ranges of relative motion of the ventricular septum and left ventricular wall were decreased. A) Echocardiogram of the rats in the sham operation group; B) echocardiogram of the rats in the vehicle-treated group; C) echocardiogram of rats in the MP group; and D) echocardiogram of the rats in the DOX group |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1985.jpg | Where is this? | urinary |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic53664.jpg | what plane is this film | axial |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_35133.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Lateral radiographic view showing anatomic alignment and consolidation across the arthrodesis sites. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2947727_F0004_74968.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | H and E stained section of grafted site in Group IV (a) 200× magnification showing osteoblastic activity around autologous grafts (at 8 weeks). (b) 200× magnification showing moderate osteoblastic activity (at 24 weeks) |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_prostate/train_2527.jpg | What is present? | prostate |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3394394_F1_144589.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Dual labeling of axons projecting from the VPM and POm axons. Labeling of VPM and POm axons in the same animal by adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of different fluorescent proteins. VPM afferents (red) in a thalamocortical barrel cortex slice. POm afferents (green). Overlay of VPM and POm labeled thalamocortical axons illustrating afferent sparse zones of low fluorescence (i.e., low thalamocortical innervation). There is potential overlay of VPM and POm afferents in the deeper portion of barrels (yellow). Modified from Wimmer et al. (2010), with permission of the Society for Neuroscience. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3741300_pone-0070741-g005_224221.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Micro-CT photographs of the microscopic cubozoan (ELISN108-343) from the Lower Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation, Shaanxi, South China.(A) Virtual vertical section marked with A′ in (S) by a vertical dotted line. (B–T) Successive virtual transverse sections through the orthogonal to oral-aboral axis starting from the aboral end, with their horizontal levels marked by B′–T′ with white dotted lines. Scale bar = 300 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3276373_f4_125186.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | The appearance of the blend membranes formed by dry process. A: Macroscopic view of the blended membranes and placed in glass plate under wet conditions with PBS. B: The appearance of chitosan and PCL 25 membrane after cutting out in size of 6-well TCPS plate and placed on vision screen chart. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3430626_pone-0043993-g004_152225.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Overlap white matter changes across patient groups.Diffusion tensor imaging analysis showing regions of unique white matter changes across groups. Clusters are overlaid on the MNI standard brain (t = 2.41). Coloured voxels show regions that were significant in the analyses for p<0.05 FWE corrected. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4370606_pone.0121365.g002_370727.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Immunofluorescent analysis of liver tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) reactive nerve fibers.TH positive nerve fibers (arrows) were seen around the portal area in saline treated mice but not in chemical sympathectomised animals. Magnification × 200. The results are representative of four sets of experiments. Scale bar = 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3988044_pone-0093825-g002_281372.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Representative images showing GFP expression in stage I–V gametocytes in the transgenic line 3D7α-tubII
/GFP
. Upper panel – bright field microscopic images; lower panel, GFP fluorescence. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3616256_F4_196534.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Illustrated here is the comparison of the simulated disease burden to what would be imageable on a FLAIR MRI in an untreated context for one set of growth parameters corresponding to an aggressive GBM. Below the plot shows the spherically symmetric equivalent radial growth of the regions containing tumor cells above a threshold and edematous fluid above a threshold. In the untreated context, these lines are nearly identical. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3804456_pone-0078192-g002_238755.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | A 65-year-old female breast cancer patient underwent both 18F-FDG and FES PET/CT before NAC.A tumor was detected in left breast (C. CT imaging, diameter=5.3cm), with high FDG (A. FDG imaging, SUVmax=13.51) and FES uptake (B, D. FES imaging, SUVmax=4.3). After surgery, the pathological result was confirmed to be grade C. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvb90fc074y862k88z9.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3678610_f1-ol-05-05-1694_210331.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissue sections of NPC tissue with cell membranes stained using (A) HLEAFab or (B) S12. Positive staining was observed in the NPC cell membrane and cytoplasm. Visualization using DAB/H2O2 (light gray). Magnification, ×200. NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyndocg086uas3yfl2g.jpg | What is the size of the polyp? | 5-10mm |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4232691_Fig1_336401.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner |
Trichomes on spearmint leaf. (A) Scanning electron microscope image of spearmint leaf showing three types of trichomes, a, Non glandular hairy trichome; b, Peltate glandular trichome (PGT); c, Capitate glandular trichome. (B) Process of secretion by PGT. a, presecretory stage; b, formation of storage cavity; c, secretion into the storage cavity; d, release of oil upon injury. The PGTs were stained with toulidine blue. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2960.jpg | Does mesothelioma show acute inflammation, rolling leukocytes polymorphonuclear neutrophils? | no |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4226905_Fig2_334790.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation |
Gross and microscopic description of Brenner tumor: a) Ovarian mass with solid papillary component; b) H & E representative of a solid adeno-fibromatous component (5X); c) H & E representative of cystic formations lined by mucinous columnar epithelium and by papillary transitional cellular component (10X); d) H & E representative of transitional epithelial cells with pale cytoplasm, indented nuclei and mild nuclear atypia (40X). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4485614_F1_400972.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Grading of radiation dermatitis during chemoradiation of the breast. Appearance of the breast skin in a (R1 and R2) treated patient receiving radiation therapy for breast cancer, at sequential follow-up clinic visits. (a) Skin of the breast in the radiation field showing radiation dermatitis, CTC grade 2. This photograph shows “moist desquamation.” (b) Skin of the breast in the radiation field showing radiation dermatitis, CTC grade 1. (c) Skin of the breast in the radiation field with a normal appearance, CTC grade 0. CTC indicates Common Toxicity Criteria. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic17781.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | intussusception |
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