image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic26969.jpg | in what plane is this mri? | coronal |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4031011_jfb-03-00114-f002_290994.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | SEM micrographs of air-dried (A/D) and freeze-dried (F/D) 61% and 80% DDA microspheres and scaffolds. A: 61% DDA, 3.5% CS, 1x HA, A/D; B: 61% DDA, 3.5% CS, 1× HA, F/D; C: 80% DDA, 3.0% CS, 1× HA, A/D; D: 80% DDA, 3.0% CS, 1× HA, F/D. 1: Microsphere at low magnification-50× (A,C) and 30× (B,D); 2: Microsphere at high magnification-250× (A,C) and 100× (B,D); 3: Scaffolds at 30× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3437305_fig29_153839.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | It shows a portable chest radiograph on an intensive care patient that developed pleural effusions. A chest drain was placed to drain the left-sided pleural effusion. Bright red blood was obtained from the tube. A CT scan (Figures 28 and 30) obtained immediately revealed the tip of the catheter had entered the left ventricle. The patient was immediately taken for cardiac surgery and the tube was removed without complications. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3121643_F11_100148.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Filtering of salt-and-pepper noise. (a) A micro-CT image of a rat with the salt and pepper noises added. (b-d) The images filtered by the proposed method, Perona-Malik ADF, and Weickert's ADF, respectively. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pw1e730832dyus11py.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4081435_f2-ol-08-02-0736_303415.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Histological specimens obtained from a biopsy of the calcaneal lesion. (A) The cancer cells tended to nest during growth and had obvious atypia with big nuclei, visible nucleoli and rich pink-stained cytoplasm. Adenoid lacunae were observed among the cancer cells. There were dense fibrous tissues between the cancer cell nests (hematoxylin-eosin stain; original magnification, ×200). (B) A cancer embolus could be observed in the blood vessel (hematoxylin-eosin stain; original magnification, ×200). (C) The cancer cells were positive for CK7 (envision method; original magnification, ×200). (D) The cancer cells were positive for thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1; envision method; original magnification, ×200). CK7, cytokeratin 7. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3685464_RSTB20120263F5_211941.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Mitochondrial membrane potential in male and female gonad samples of live A. aurita. Confocal light microscopy bright field view (a,e). Scale bars, (a) 10 µm; (e) 25 µm. Mitotracker Green FM (ex/em: 488/520 nm) detects the presence of mitochondria regardless of its activity levels (b,f). Conversely, Mitotracker Red FM (ex/em: 581/644 nm) is imported into active mitochondria proportionally to their membrane potential (c,g). Overlay images are shown in (d,h). Yellow arrow indicates the female diploid cell mitochondria, white arrow indicates oocyte mitochondria and the blue arrow indicates sperm mitochondria. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3406029_pone-0041410-g005_146889.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | SPECT-CT imaging.SPECT-CT images of pre-targeted and non-targeted 99mTc-liposomes 4 h (A–B) and 24 h (C–D) after injection of liposomes, administrated either i.v. (A, C ) or i.p. (B, D). Neutravidin-cetuximab was injected to pre-targeted groups and PBS to non-targeted groups i.p. 24 h before liposome injections. Tumors are marked with white circles on the figures. Minimum and maximum values of intensity were adjusted to the same scale for 4 h images and for 24 h images, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4141780_pone-0105248-g006_315079.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Scanning electron micrographs of cantaloupe rind surface at fruit maturity.(A) Rind inoculated with 0.1% peptone water; (B) Crack on rind inoculated with 0.1% peptone water; (C) Rind inoculated with E. tracheiphila and had a watersoaked lesion with masses of bacteria seen near a trichome scar; and (D) Crack on rind inoculated with mixed S. enterica + E. tracheiphila that had a waterloaked lesion. All observations were made at 5,000×; scale bar shows 20 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_67996.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Axial T1 weighted fat-saturated MRI showing a left sided RMS confined to the orbit. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3173453_F3_108524.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Identification of Pax7-positive cells in longissimus dorsi muscle by immunofluorescence staining. Longissimus tissue sections were stained with fluorescent antibodies Pax7 (green) and laminin (red) at 135 d of gestation, respectively. A-D are the same frozen section stained with the two different fluorescent antibodies (400×). The corresponding antigens in muscle are indicated by an arrow (Pax7) and an arrowhead (laminin). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3590966_f1_190261.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Axial slices of F-18 FDG PET/CT study showing an increased focal uptake behind patient’s right knee on PET scan (SUVmax 3.2) (black arrow). A fluid density on CT scan in the same location compatible with Baker’s Cyst (white arrow) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3950183_pone-0091372-g006_273311.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Claudin 11 and their attraction for trypanosomes.
a) SF9 insect cells expressing rat claudin 11; left panel: uninfected control cells, right panel: cells infected with baculovirus carrying rat claudin 11. The red colour shows binding of anti-claudin 11 and reveals surface localization of the heterologously expressed claudin. b and c) Scanning EM preparations showing trypanosomes closely attached to claudin-11 expressing SF9 cells. d) Statistical evaluation of the number of parasites attached to SF9 cells expressing claudin 11 (column 1), pure SF9 cells not virus infected (column 2), and SF9 cells virus infected and expressing an unrelated trypanosome protein (column 3). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4237269_fig1_337648.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | CysC expression in wild-type and mutant SOD1 mouse spinal cords. Double or triple immunostaining for neurons, lysosomes and Cystatin C was performed using antibodies for NeuN, LAMP-2 and CysC, respectively. Transverse sections in the anterior horn (AH) and the posterior horn (PH) of 5-month-old SOD1WT (a and b) or SOD1G93A (c and d) mouse spinal cords were analyzed by confocal microscopy. The arrow represents the remaining normal-shaped neuron, and the arrowheads represent the shrunken neurons, respectively. Scale bars: 50 μm in a–c, 25 μm in d |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_61346.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Endoscopic ultrasound image obtained with a 12-MHz miniprobe showing a 15-mm hypoechoic round mass with calcification emerging from the gastric muscular layer. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4198782_fig3_328412.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Post mortem pictures demonstrating swab impacted at the aortic bifurcation (black arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2390850_pone-0002327-g001_22924.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Phase contrast images of NEB-1 keratinocytes undergoing incremental uniaxial strain.Average uniaxial strain is reported in the lower left corner of each panel. Some loss of adhesion occurs at such high strains, which is why cell strain is slightly negative when the rubber substrate is returned to its relaxed state (M). Scale bar = 50 µm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1784.jpg | Is adrenal present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4407528_fig3_380177.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Oncocytoma. ((a)-(b)) Contrast-enhanced CT scans in arterial phase. ((c)-(d)) Portal phase CT scans. A small tumor with inhomogeneous aspect is recognizable at the anterior posterior portion of the left kidney (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3087986_F0007_94523.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Postoperative SPECT imaging showing hypoperfusion in the right temporo-occipital area suggestive of an old infarct. There is evidence of no other perfusion defects seen in the rest of the brain parenchyma. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic37626.jpg | the mri shows what organ system? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4240243_f1_338351.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Digital mammography in the CC projection of the right breast demonstrates a large mass involving most of the right breast.There are scattered calcifications within the mass and overlying skin thickening. This corresponds to the visible and palpable abnormality and is strongly suspicious of malignancy (BIRADS 5). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4589032_Fig2_428639.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image |
a Pelvis with no radiographical signs of acetabular retroversion. b Antero-posterior view, showing the cross-over sign on the left side. c Pelvis with the prominence of the ischial spine sign. The arrow indicates the ischial spine projecting into the lower pelvis on the left side. d Showing the posterior wall sign in the left hip. The posterior wall projects more medially then the center of the femoral head |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3219296_F2_116227.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Netrin-1 dampens radiographic signs of ALI. Chest computed tomography was performed in animals after mechanical ventilation (control) 6 hours following treatment with vehicle, netrin-1 i.v. or netrin-1 inh. Pictures demonstrate one representative animal per group (n = 4 per group). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4219042_Fig2_332592.jpg | What is shown in this image? |
Different ultrasound presentations of MTC. (A) hypoechoic nodule with calcifications, classified at ultrasonography as suspicious. (B) mixed-spongiform nodule with hypoechoic halo, non-suspicious at ultrasonography. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08458.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Skull radiograph with patent anterior fontanelle. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3414494_pone-0042986-g005_148871.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation |
Gpat2 was expressed in mouse primary spermatocytes.A) Adult mouse testis sections were hybridized in situ with a Gpat2 specific antisense probe (left panels) and the corresponding sense probe (right panels). Magnification: 100× (first row) and 600× (second row). A strong signal was detected in primary spermatocytes (black arrow). B) GPAT2 protein was detected in adult rat testis by immunofluorescence in the presence (left panel) or absence (right panel) of a specific GPAT2 antibody (green signal). The GPAT2 signal was detected in spermatocytes as well as in spermatides. Nuclei were stained with propidium iodide (red signal). Magnification: 400×. The highest GPAT2 expression was detected in the spermatocytes. Bar: 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4553953_F1_418904.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Slit-lamp photographs of anterior segment after mydriasis. Posteriorly localized changes of alveolar and linear morphology, much more pronounced in the right eye. During follow-up time visible regrouping of endothelial changes that became eccentrically localized. AS-OCT Visante revealed hyperreflective dots within endothelium of the right cornea and discreet hyperdensity of corneal stroma in both eyes. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3441863_F1_154775.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | a) Slit-lamp biomicroscopy of the right eye demostrating characteristic refractile corneal cystine crystals throughout the cornea. b) Narrow beam slit-lamp biomicroscopy shows that crystals are located throughout the corneal epithelium and entire stromal layer. c) Gonioscopic examination reveals a narrow angle with peripheral anterior synechiae in the right eye. d) Allegro Oculyzer image of the right eye shows a shallow peripheral anterior chamber with narrow angle. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3115984_pone-0021181-g007_99111.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Expression of mistargeted syntaxin 4 prevents cyst-formation in 3D MDCK culture.(A) MDCK cells stably expressing Syn4-Δ29 were cultured in 3D collagen. Syntaxin expression was induced with DOX two days after seeding, and culture was continued for an additional 6 days. Cells were fixed and immunostained for GP135 protein, an apical marker, Syn4-Δ29 (myc) and nuclei. Two different panels are shown for cells that express Syn4-Δ29 after induction to represent the variety of defective cysts found in the cultures. (B) Quantitation of cyst formation. Cysts consisting of polarized cells or disorganized “non-cysts” consisting of nonpolarized cells (as shown in A) were counted and are expressed as percentage of total structures. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4266918_F3_344898.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | MR Imaging of adhesion molecules in neuroinflammation. (A) VCAM-MPIO compared to IgG-MPIO enhanced MR imaging after intracerebral injection of IL-1β, axial T2*-weighted images and 3-dimensional volumetric maps of VCAM-MPIO (or IgG-MPIO) binding are shown. (B) VCAM-upregulation after intracerebral injection of TNF on histology and VCAM-MPIO-enhanced MRI. (C) Diffuse VCAM upregulation in the brain of an EAE mouse on VCAM-MPIO-enhanced MRI. (D) 3D reconstruction maps of GNP-sLex- and control GNP-enhanced MRI in EAE mice reveal increased selectin expression in the inflamed brain. (Modified from McAteer etl al. [14], Montagne et al. [19], and Serres et al. [29] with permission). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3614060_fig1_195880.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Localization of wild and mutated Wisp3 protein in C20/A4 cells by confocal microscope. Recombined plasmids WT-Wisp3/pEGFP-C2, MUT1000T/C/pEGFP-C2, and MUT840delT/pEGFP-C2 were transfected transiently into human chondrocyte cell line C20/A4, and pEGFP-C2 vector was used as a control. The cells were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope after 48 hours of transfection at magnification 1000x. (a) EGFP; (b) WT-Wisp3; (c) MUT1000T/C; (d) MUT840delT; Green fluorescence indicate the Wisp3 EGFP fusion protein. Blue fluorescence shows cell nuclei dye by DAPI. Note the distribution of WT-Wisp3 in cytoplasm and cell membrane uniformly. In contrast, the majority of MUT1000T/C and MUT840delT were aggregated to speckles or agglomerates in cytoplasm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvr914s074y8hoqbrny.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3109788_F0004_98148.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | (a) Digital subtraction angiography image showing multiple anastomosing branches (arrow) of the superior epigastric artery anastomosing in the right lower abdomen. Radioopaque cholecystectomy clips are also seen (b) Post embolisation angiogram showing stasis in the superior epigastric artery |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3991602_pone-0094306-g007_282387.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | The BH-site is essential for the association of MIB with actin waves.
myoB−-cells were co-transfected with mRFP-lifeact and either GFP-MIB, GFP-dBH or GFP-I810D as indicated in the figure. Neither GFP-dBH nor GFP-I810D binds acidic phospholipids. Cells were starved for 30 min after which 1 µM latrunculin was added and cell images were recorded. MIB associated with the actin wave but dBH and I810D did not. Bar is 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3575489_pone-0056761-g003_186291.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | ECM3 gene expression in tumor cells.(A) Representative immunohistochemical staining for Collagen VI and SPARC in ECM3 and non-ECM3 breast tumors. Magnification: ×400. (B,C) Fold-increase in ECM3 score expression as assessed by qRT-PCR after treatment with TGFβ (B) and 17β-estradiol (C) in breast carcinoma and fibroblast cell lines. Dotted line indicates average ECM3 expression in untreated cell lines. *p<0.05 in unpaired t-test vs untreated cells. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00566.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Illustration of the segmented regions of the corpus callosum fiber tract overlaid on the FA map.For each subject, the CC is segmented into three regions manually: left, right, and center. Our proposed model is applied to these regions and only the center part is used for validating the model using histological data. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4361713_pone.0118889.g005_368148.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Representative MRI and gross histopathology at p18 and p30.
A) Representative T2—weighted MR imaging animals at each time point, treatment, and sex. Images at p18 and p30 are from the same animal. The trend of mild to moderate, variable injury and neuroprotection particularly in females is demonstrated. B) Low power views H&E stained anterior and posterior sections from p30 male mice. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic40413.jpg | what is abnormal in the mri? | olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4184850_pone-0109111-g006_325053.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Mutating the predicted PKC phosphorylation sites in BR-C disrupts the nuclear import of BR-C.Each construct expressing full-length BR-C with the mutation of a single predicted phosphorylation site to Ala (A; blocks phosphorylation) was transfected into BmN4 cells, and the nuclear import of the expressed BR-C protein was observed by confocal microscopy two days after transfection. The construct encoding wild-type BR-C without any phosphorylation site mutation was used as a control. Two predicted phosphorylation site mutations, S373A and T406A, led to the failure of BR-C nuclear import. However, mutating the predicted PKC phosphorylation site at Ser44 could not affect the nuclear localization of BR-C. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3655246_F0003_204765.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Cast of quadrate liver lobe showing narrowed terminal branches of portal vein and the reduction and loss of smaller portal (green) and hepatic (red) branches and bile ducts (yellow) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4055608_fig1_297585.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | (a) Angiogram of the hepatic artery obtained before intra-arterial chemotherapy. (b) Computed tomography image of the liver obtained before intra-arterial chemotherapy. (c) Angiogram of the hepatic artery obtained after two cycles of intra-arterial chemotherapy. (d) Computed tomography image of the liver obtained after two cycles of intra-arterial chemotherapy. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_26938.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | RM of face with hydro-aereal level and presence of hypointense of maxillary sinus left.] |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2360773_fig4_21360.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CT scan of thoracic cavity of a patient with refractory HD before and after i.v. vorinostat 600 mg m−2 for 5 days every 3 weeks. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34979.jpg | what organ system is shown in the image? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4431840_pone.0125921.g002_386397.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Retinal morphology in dgat1 -/- eyes.(A) Light microscopy (LM) of a retina section from a two-month-old dgat1
-/- mouse. (B) Light microscopy (LM) of a retina section from a two-month-old wild-type (129S2/Sv) mouse. Retinal layers are indicated to the right of the figure panel. (C) Electron microscopy (EM) of RPE cells, including apical microvilli, and photoreceptor outer segments (OS). RPE and photoreceptor-OS layers are indicated. RPE cells were normal. The spaces observed on the basal and lateral aspects of the cell are due to an artifact produced during perfusion of fixative through the choriocapillaris. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4201518_pone-0110356-g003_328982.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Microglial morphology from resting to very strongly activated in an ASD case that displayed strong microglial activation (AN02736).A. Resting microglial morphology (volume ∼75 µm3). B. Slightly activated microglial morphology (volume ∼150 µm3). C. Activated microglial morphology (volume ∼275 µm3). D. Activated microglial morphology (volume ∼400 µm3). E. Strongly activated microglial morphology (volume ∼525 µm3) F. Very strongly activated microglial morphology (volume ∼900 µm3). Scale bar: 10 µm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4145536_fig1_315852.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | CTp of clear cell RCC: ROI 1, ROI 2, and ROI 3 were drawn in the aorta, tumour, and healthy ipsilateral renal cortex, respectively (a-b). The PS values of the tumour and normal cortex were 42.90 mL/100 g/min and 67.64 mL/100 g/min, respectively, whereas MTT values were 13.73 sec and 3.59 sec, respectively (b). Lesion size was 20 mm. Histopathology: morphology, haematoxylin, and eosin (c) and CD34 stain (d); original magnification: 50x. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3162535_F3_106534.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Epifluorescence at day 5 post-treatment with the factors. (A-D) Immunolabeling for osteopontin (OPN, red fluorescence) was mainly cytoplasmic, in perinuclear area and in punctate deposits. Cell-associated green fluorescence reveals actin cytoskeleton (Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated phalloidin), whereas blue fluorescence indicates cell nuclei (DAPI - DNA staining). No major differences were noticed among groups in terms of labeling pattern and fluorescence intensity for OPN. (E-H) Immunolabeling for alkaline phosphatase (ALP, red fluorescence) was more intense for the positive control compared to the treated groups. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3284872_F2_127039.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Type III hydatid cyst. Computed tomography scans show daughter cysts filing the lesion, which has a honeycomb appearance. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3445496_pone-0045546-g010_155767.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Expression of human laminin γ2 facilitates assembly of hemidesmosomes in rescued Lamc2 KO mice.Transmission electron microscopic images of newborn skin of Lamc2 KO (A), rescued Lamc2 KO (B), and Lamc2 WT (C) mice are shown. Hemidesmosomes of newborn Lamc2 KO skin are poorly formed, devoid of lamina densa and anchoring filaments, and containing few anchoring fibrils (A). In contrast, rescued Lamc2 KO (B) and Lamc2 WT (C) mice had well-organized hemidesmosomes with electron dense plaques, anchoring filaments, anchoring fibrils, and darkened areas of lamina densa abutting the hemidesmosomes (arrows). All images are of the same magnification. Bar represents 500 nm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3687601_fig5_212390.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | A 64-year-old patient with a well-circumscribed mass lesion (invasive ductal cancer) in the left breast. From (a) to (c), the maximum intensity projection (MIP) images of pretreatment, F/U-1, and F/U-2 MRI are shown. The tumor size is 2.5 cm before treatment and shows concentric shrinkage to 1.8 cm in F/U-1 and further down to 1.1 cm in F/U-2 after completing treatment. The residual tumor size determined in post-NAC pathological examination is 1.4 cm. For mass lesion that shows concentric shrinkage, MRI is accurate in diagnosing residual disease. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0389.jpg | What are there lined by plump endothelial cells and containing blood? | capillaries |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3954560_pone-0089686-g002_274004.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | The s.c. tumor tissue by immunohistochemical.Tumor harvested from Oxaliplatin-treated s.c. tumor tissue and GS-treated s.c.tumor tissue (control) were fixed, embedded, sectioned, and applied to CSC- and EMT-related markers immunohistochemical staining, IgG were negative control groups, the nuclei or cytoplasm of positive cells were brownish, original magnification×200. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4352274_Fig8_364951.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you |
Expression of HCN2 in PV-positive cells of the hippocampus at P56. (A-B, D, E-F, H-J, L-N, P): Most PV-immunopositive cells located in the CA1 (A-B, D), CA2 (E, F, H), CA3 (I, J, L), and DG (M, N, P) were labeled with HCN2. (A, E, I): HCN2 expression was most prominent in the sl-m of the CA1 (A), as well as in the sp of the CA2 (E) and CA3 (I). Interestingly, at this stage the alveus showed HCN2 labeling, contrasting with its expression pattern at P21. A-B, D, E-F, H-J, L-N, P: white arrows indicate PV-positive/HCN2-positive cells. C, G, K, O: DAPI staining. Scale bars = 20 μm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic31411.jpg | which plane is the image shown in? | axial |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_lungs/train_1382.jpg | Is metastatic adenocarcinoma present? | no |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/illus_drawing/train_0765.jpg | What is filled with blood clot? | the open wound |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4177246_Fig1_322999.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you |
Computed tomography and angiographic images in cases 1 and 2. Upper left panel shows abdominal CT image from case 1. A giant intramuscular hematoma in the iliopsoas muscle and the active bleeding point (white arrowhead) are shown. Upper right panel shows an angiographic image from case 1. Extravasation was found in the superior gluteal artery area (black arrowheads). Lower left panel shows an abdominal CT image from case 2. A left iliopsoas muscle hematoma is shown. Lower right panel shows an angiographic image from case 2. Multiple extravasations were found in the 3rd lumbar artery (black arrowheads). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3353490_fig6_138212.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Serial fMRI results of a 34-year-old male with left BPI during the motor task of the affected elbow. (a) The first fMRI (before operation), (b) the second fMRI (approximately 1 year after operation), (c) the third fMRI (approximately 2 years after operation), and (d) the fourth fMRI (approximately 3 years after operation). The patients' right is on the observers' right. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2328.jpg | Is thymoma present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4338275_pone.0117644.g007_361633.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Tube formation of ADEPCs in 3D scaffolds.
(A) ADEPCs before and after labeling with CM-DiI could form capillary-like structures in the Matrigel. (B) After seeding on BAM, ADEPCs labeled with CM-DiI (red) grew on the pore surface within the scaffold, forming capillary-like structures and are still positive for eNOS (green). Dual positive fluorenscence (yellow) for CM-DiI and eNOS could also be observed. The cell nucleus was counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 100 μm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic37605.jpg | what is abnormal in the mri? | astrocytoma, low-grade (who 2), supratentorial |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4393989_F2_377437.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Cross-sectional cut on cone beam computed tomography(CBCT). We observe the technique used for the measurement of the distance between the mental foramen and the lower border of the mandible. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4609080_Fig1_434274.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Representative images of changes in bone microarchitecture in rats. Tibias of F344 rats were dissected and evaluated ex vivo by micro-CT (a) and slicing of undecalcified tissues (H & E staining); (b) eight weeks after treatment |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyvdois086u711i4sd2.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | Tube |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic33616.jpg | what plane is seen? | sagittal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4641155_Fig6_442965.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Histological and autoradiography analysis of tumor specimens. a Representative autoradiographic images, b hematoxylin and eosin staining, c cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining, and d TUNEL staining for vehicle-treated (upper panels) and irinotecan-treated (lower panels) tumors. Cells in brown were positive for caspase-3 and TUNEL stainings (arrows). Boxes indicate the areas where zoomed images were acquired. AU: arbitrary units. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4380961_fig01_373640.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Immunohistochemical staining of IGF-axis proteins in breast cancer tissue. Negative and positive staining for IGF1, IGF1R, IGFBP2, and IGFBP3 expression. Individual tissue cores at 20× magnification. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic33284.jpg | what organ system is primarily present in this image? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3958736_F7_275120.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Visualization of Cre-mediated recombination in neurons. EGFP (green) and NeuN (red) co-immunostaining in prefrontal cortex (PfCx), cortex (Cx), hippocampus (Hi: CA1, CA3, DG), and cerebellum (Ce). Sections from tamoxifen-treated pSico-shRNA3 × CaMKIIα-CreERT2 and pSico-shRNA3 × CaMKIIα-Cre mice were imaged by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM). Decreased EGFP expression is observed in neurons from all structures expressing Cre in pSico-shRNA3 × CaMKIIα-CreERT2 and pSico-shRNA3 × CaMKIIα-Cre mice. Scale bar: 10 and 20 μm for cerebellum. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3202234_F3_113250.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Clinical features of an HHT patient (I-2). PAVM (arrows) and cerebral abscess (arrow head) are detected by chest computed tomography (CT) (A) and brain CT (B), respectively. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3798291_pone-0076903-g006_238350.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Examples of the temporal and spatial expression of activity-regulated genes of cluster 4 (A) and cluster 5 (B).(Left) Plots of the time course and the ratio of induction based on the microarray analyses. Shown are expression profiles of genes represented by one or more microarray probe sets. A bold line indicates the microarray probe set that corresponds to the probe used in the corresponding in situ hybridization analysis. (Right) Autoradiograms of coronal sections of mouse brains at different time points following seizure. Radioactive in situ hybridizations of sections were conducted in parallel on one glass slide using gene specific antisense RNA probes. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1877082_F4_11057.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Progenitor cell fate is not changed in the mutant retinas of the Rybp heterozygous eyes. Wild type (A, C, E) and Rybp heterozygous null eyes exhibiting retinal coloboma (B, D, F) were stained with TUJ1 (A, B), NeuN (C, D) and Nestin (E, F) at E14.5. (A-B) TUJ1 staining, marking early neuronal cell types including ganglion cells of the retina, is comparable in the wildtype and mutant mice. (C-D) Similarly, NeuN, a postmitotic neural marker, shows no significant alteration in the mutant retinas. (E-F) The distribution of nestin, an intermediate filament marker for neural progenitor cells, is not affected in the mutant retinas. L; lens, NR; neuroretina, Magnifications: (×460) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2905634_f6_69070.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | H&E staining of four groups ten weeks after transplantation. A: Control group: Epithelial structure was disordered, and numerous inflammatory cells and neovascularization emerged. B: AM group: Epithelium was integrated and some inflammatory cells infiltrated in the stroma. C: Non-induced MSC group: Incomplete epithelial hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. D: Induced MSC group: Epithelium was intact with a few lymphocytes and neovascularization infiltration. The magnification was 200×. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1464131_F4_5571.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Fluorescence microscopy images. a) frozen section of normal skin stained with hematoxylin viewed by light microscopy, b) auto fluorescence of untreated epidermis, c) auto fluorescence of petrolatum with penetration only into stratum corneum, d)auto fluorescence of the total lipid formulation (variation A) with penetration into the viable epidermis and dermis. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_10089.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | First barium swallow at the age of 8 showed dilated esophagus with distal narrowing. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_40429.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | X-ray showing delayed dental eruption |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2100.jpg | What does this image show? | very enlarged spleen with multiple infarcts infiltrative process is easily seen |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1475867_F2_5635.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Immunohistochemical staining of Syndecan 3 in uterine tissue at different stages of pregnancy. (A) Non-pregnant (group 1), (B) term-pregnant (group 2), (C) women in normal labour (group 3), (D) in prolonged labour (group 4), (E) in normal labour, magnification 1 × 400 with oil, (F) negative control. Magnification in A, B, C, D and F is 1 × 200. Positive staining is brown. The grading of staining is presented in Table 2. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3651399_F5_203907.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Results of Von-kossa staining. These photos were captured with predetermined light intensity under magnification of 10 (A-E) and 20(a-e). Photos from A (or a) to E (or e) represented the control group, group 1000 μϵ loading for 14 days, group 2000 μϵ for 14 days, group 1000 μϵ for 21 days and group 2000 μϵ for 21 days, respectively. The fresh osteoid have also been specially marked with arrow. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic57896.jpg | what is most alarming about this ct scan? | ct halo sign |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3087230_F0002_94341.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | X-ray of both bones forearm with elbow joint (anteroposterior views) (a, b) showing atrophic nonunion of proximal ulna with displaced radial head on right side. X-ray of the right ankle (anteroposterior and lateral views) shows nonunion (c, d), of bimalleolar fracture and internal fixation and for nounion fracture dislocation of right ankle (e,f) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3176209_F3_109082.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | The chest radiographs of a patients who had progressive pneumonia during hospitalization (male, 6-year old); on admission (Figure 3-A), before methyprednisolone (MP) treatment (2nd hospital day, Figure 3-B), and 1 day after MP treatment (Figure 3-C). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3298735_Fig5_129213.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Time series of aerial photographs in a 1957, b 1981, and c 2004 for a portion of the Tanada Lake Trail study segment at the resolution used for identification of trails. The location of the channel head at TC-3 and the contemporary ORV trail in 2009 are indicated for reference |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3780343_F1_232920.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Two - (A) and four-chamber-view (B) of a patient with coronary artery disease and history of a large anterior and septal myocardial
infarction (black arrows) with development of a small thrombus in the apex (white dotted arrow). (LV: left ventricle, LA: left atrium, RA:
right atrium, RV: right ventricle). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4316702_F3_355307.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | It shows the results of whole-brain analysis of fMRI BOLD activation of responses associated with the Switch and successfully stopped (Stop-inhibit) responses. Panels (A,B) show the differential activation of the Stop-inhibit and Switch responses after subtracting out activation associated with the “go” responses. Panels (C,D) show brain regions that had significantly stronger activation during the Stop-inhibit responses relative to Switch, and during the Switch relative to the Stop-inhibit responses. StGo = “go” responses in the Stop condition; SwGo = “go” responses in the Switch condition; FDR = error correction using the topological false-discovery rate. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_57014.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Final radiograph shows healed fractures and heterotopic ossification |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3115906_F1_99064.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Distribution of eGFP-positive neurons and double-staining IHC colocalization of eGFP expression with endogenous enkephalin. (A) Low magnification of the L4 segment of the spinal cord shows the highest density of eGFP-positive somata and fibers in SDH. (B)-(D) Identification of eGFP-expressing neurons as enkephalinergic by double-staining IHC analysis with anti-eGFP (B, green) and anti-enkephalin (C, red) in SDH of penk1-eGFP BAC transgenic mouse. Scale bar = 200 μm in (A), 20 μm in (B)-(D). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1200.jpg | Is respiratory present? | yes |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4020508_fig1_288346.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Double immunolocalization of SC35 (a), (b) and hyperphosphorylated RNA polymerase II (PolII) (a′), (b′) in mouse embryos. Fluorescence of nuclei begins to be detected only at the early 2-cell stage (line a). Association of RNAP II with SC35 domains (speckles) is observed already at this stage and is increased when ZGA finishes (line b). Bar is 10 μm, according to [24], open access. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3655997_pone-0064665-g002_205017.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Represents the PET/CT fusion for tumor contour delineation.The arrows indicate the mismatch observed in PETHCT/HCT fusion between PETHCT and HCT, showing the (A) transverse (B) coronal and (C) sagittal view. The image fusion with PETIACT and IACT is seen in the (D) transverse (E) coronal and (F) sagittal view. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0567.jpg | Are part of the endocervical mucosa alternate areas of collapsed and dilated alveolar spaces, many of which are lined by eosinophilic hyaline membranes? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3101722_F0001_96776.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | A 73-year-old woman who came for initial staging of non-small cell lung cancer. Maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) image (left panel), CT images (middle panels) and fused images (right panels) of 18F-FDG PET/CT show the primary tumor (arrow head) with mediastinal nodal metastases (black arrow). Incidental right iliac fossa small focal uptake (yellow arrow) is noted, which cross-correlated to a small soft tissue lesion in the cecum and turned out to be a synchronous primary adenocarcinoma. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2754491_F3_47130.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Distribution of CFP-TPs in the mammalian cells HeLa and L929 observed under a confocal microscope (TCS SP2, Leica). The images a and b show DAPI staining nucleus of cells HeLa and L929; the images c and d, e and f, g and h, and i and j show CFP-TP1, CFP-TP2, CFP-TP3, and CFP-TP4 expressions in the HeLa and L929 cells, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2754338_pone-0007315-g012_47084.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Immunohistochemical staining for adenocarcinoma (Reck, Cdh5, S100A14).(a) Immunohistochemical staining of control lung tissue, (b) lung cancer at 10× magnification and (c) at 40× magnification (d) lung cancer in the presence of primary antibody, after preincubation with blocking peptide and (e) positive control. 7 = reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (Reck), 8 = cadherine 5 (Cdh5) and 9 = S100 calcium binding protein A14 (S100A14). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2777305_pone-0007986-g007_50823.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | MSP142 co-localizes with fetal endothelial cells following perfusion.MSP142 (green staining) co-localizes with CD31 (PECAM-1, red staining) indicating its presence in and around the fetal vascular endothelial cells (upper and lower panels for placentas 1 and 5 respectively). Similar co-localization was observed for placentas 2 and 3 (not shown). The upper panels are at 400× and lower at 200× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4516356_pone.0133806.g006_409687.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Microstructure of the dura mater and surrounding tissue.(Above) Nonirradiated mice at (a) 1 week, (b) 12 weeks, and (c) 24 weeks. (Below) 20-Gy irradiated mice at (d) 1 week, (e) 12 weeks, and (f) 24 weeks. (magnification ×10,000). Abbreviations: ABC, arachnoid barrier cell layer; D, dura mater; DBC, dural border cell layer. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2969.jpg | Does this image show heart, myocardial infarction free wall, 6 days old, in a patient with diabetes mellitus and hypertension? | yes |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4606789_f3_433652.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | TXM tomography: (a) 2D image of the tungsten tip with the shell, (b) enlarged section from the image (a) of the shell; (c), (d) cross-sections from 3D reconstruction of images collected during tomography: I and II red lines depicted in the image (a) indicate the cross-section location. |
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