image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_2/PMC4440782_pone.0127300.g003_388816.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | ISC marker expression in normal antrum, IM, and gastric adenoma.Representative H&E staining and in situ hybridization in IM and gastric adenoma with low grade dysplasia. LGR5
+ cells in normal antrum are devoid of ISC marker expression (A), whereas those in I-type IM located at the base of glands coexpress ASCL2, EPHB2, and OLFM4 (B). Relative increase of LGR5
+ cell population with ISC marker expression (C) in gastric adenoma. Magnification: A (except H & E staining) ×100, B ×400; C ×200. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic57639.jpg | what is the plane of the mri? | axial |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3116469_F6_99149.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | CT scan at 18 months. Regular diameter of the graft, normal renal perfusion, no signs of any endoleaks. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3868583_pone-0084269-g004_253016.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | TNFα and IL-1β activation of astrocytes induces nuclear disintegration and cell compromise.Analysis of nuclear and cellular morphology further corroborates the earlier observation that activation with TNFα or IL-1β induces astrocyte compromise. Cells were stained with Hoechst and vimentin to reveal integrity of the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively. The white arrow points to the same compromised cells for comparison between the vimentin and nuclear staining. The enlarged region of interest within the white box shows an example of a highly compromised astrocyte with a severely disintegrated nucleus. Data are shown for TNFα treatment. Note also the loss of following cytokine treatment of the astrocytes with time (72 and 96 hours). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic21355.jpg | is this a t2 weighted image? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3364192_pone-0038111-g006_139952.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | RT induced the penetration of NKDCs in tumor tissue.Tumor samples from B cell deficient mice treated with either PBS, control oligo, TLR9 agonist, RT (20 Gy) or RT+TLR9 agonist were stained with anti-CD11c and NK1.1 antibodies and the presence of NKDCs was visualized by confocal microscope. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2923200_pone-0012252-g006_71450.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Pattern of distribution of CTP-biotin-SA488 over time in vivo.Mice were injected intravenously with CTP-biotin-SA488 (10 mg/Kg) and euthanized 15, 30 or 120 minutes post-injection. Heart, kidneys and liver were cross-sectioned, counter-stained with DRAQ5 and confocal microscopy performed. N = 1 in each group; scale bars represent 100 uM. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3292822_F6_128109.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Lateral radiograph of the right tibia six months after diagnosis with resolution of symptoms and healed fractures. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3369854_pone-0038541-g003_140939.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Representative staining for immunohistochemistry of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.High and low density of CD3+ (T cells), CD4+ (T cells), CD8+ (T cells) and CD20+ (B cells) shown in left and middle panels. A magnification in the high infiltration area is shown on the right panel for each staining. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2891618_F2_67228.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Effect of T cell-specific PPAR γ deletion on colon histopathology. WT or CD4cre mice were treated with 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or water (no DSS) for 7 days. Representative photomicrographs (40 ×) from wt, no-DSS (A), wt, DSS (B), CD4cre, no-DSS (C), and CD4cre, DSS (D) groups are depicted. All specimens underwent blinded histological examination and were scored (1-4) on epithelial erosion (E), leukocyte infiltration (F), and mucosal wall thickening (G) on days 0, 2, and 7 of DSS challenge. Data are represented as mean ± standard error. Points with an asterisk are significantly different at a given time point (P < 0.05). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3776934_F1_232341.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Top: Imaging results for the contrast Simile > CS. The bar graph illustrates the contrast estimates (beta values; yellow bar = Simile, blue bar = CS). Bottom: Imaging results for the interaction of brain responses with both familiar and abstract similes. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4453048_Fig1_392787.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Radiological evaluation. Left: T1-weighted MRI scan showing a lesion in the medial mesencephalic region with heterogeneous contrast enhancement. Center: early postoperative CT scan showing gross total removal |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4602890_F2_432506.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | A 54-years-old man with intestinal type gastric carcinoma. CECT axial images showed localized gastric wall thickening (A, green arrow), a right lung nodule of 15 mm suspected for metastases (B, blue arrow) and a osteolytic lesion in the right femoral head doubtful for herniation pit (C, red arrow). 18F-FDG PET/CT axial PET and fused images confirmed the gastric lesion with SUVmax of 4.8 (D, G) but did not showed any 18F-FDG uptake in the lung nodule (E, H) and in the right femoral head (F, I). CECT = contrast enhancement computed tomography, 18F-FDG PET/CT = fluorine-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, SUV = standardized uptake value. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3750633_F2_226484.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Enhanced dark-field images of tissue sections from tracheobronchial lymph nodes 1 and 336 days after MWCNT inhalation exposure. As typified by the micrograph, at 1 day post-exposure singlet MWCNT fibers were observed scattered throughout sections of lymph nodes. However, 336 days post-exposure, numerous dense concentrations of MWCNT fibers were found within the lymph nodes. MWCNT fibers are bright white in these enhanced darkfield images due to scattering of light by MWCNT, while cell nuclei are brownish red and other tissue elements are green. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4588262_Fig5_428415.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Subcellular localization of Glyma11g13220-GFP fusion protein. Constructs 35S::Glyma11g13220-eGFP and 35S::eGFP were separately co-transformed into rice protoplast cells with 35S::ARF19IV-mCherry. The cells were observed under a confocal laser microscope. ARF19IV-mCherry was used as a nuclear marker protein. Scale bars, 10 μm |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02482.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Computed tomography of the proband reveals symmetrical hyperdense lesions resembling calcifications in the globus pallidus. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2946595_fig2_74882.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | A 55-year-old woman with intermediate-grade pure DCIS. Axial precontrast T1-weighted image (top), postcontrast subtraction image (middle), and maximum intensity projection (bottom) show several foci in the right breast. Enhancement kinetics measured from a focus lesion (arrow) demonstrates a rapid initial enhancement followed by washout. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzhdp6s086ucu1cgwx5.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3667369_Fig3_207872.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | a Case 12: MRI performed 1 week after onset of the patient’s symptoms showed high signal intensity in the left SIJ and iliacus muscle with abscess formation. The patient was operated by combined anterior and posterior debridement. Full mobilisation was allowed after 2 weeks. The patient was satisfied. b FU MRI after 2 months revealed no more abnormal inflammatory signals. At the last FU visit after 80 months, the patient had excellent functional outcome |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1679.jpg | Is lymph node present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3880276_pone-0083908-g002_256402.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Rapamycin treatment reduces cholangiocytes proliferation and ECM deposition in BDL-Ra rats.Representative liver sections of (A) SHAM, (B) SHAM-Ra, (C) BDL, and (D) BDL-Ra rats, following HE-staining (magnification 100× and 400×, respectively). Representative microphotographs of Masson-stained liver sections from (E) SHAM, (F) SHAM-Ra, (G) BDL, and (H) BDL-Ra rats (magnification 40× and 200×, respectively). Graphs (I) and (J): Quantitative analysis of HE and Masson staining in representative liver sections respectively (mean±SEM; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.005; ns - nonsignificant). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4560151_Fig1_421034.jpg | What is shown in this image? |
a Chest CT scan showing an anterior mediastinal tumor with abundant left pleural effusion and multiple pleural tumors. b CT scan image obtained after chemical pleurodesis and systemic chemotherapy showing a mediastinal tumor that has invaded the hilum of the left lung and multiple disseminated masses |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4571626_F2_423986.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | The placements of all the stimulation electrodes in (A) the MGN and (B) the Te3 to examine the D1 agonist (SKF38393; open circle) or D2 agonist (quinpirole; filled circle) modulation of afferent input to putative lateral nucleus of the amygdala projection neurons (-5.64, -5.88, -5.04, and -5.16; anterior-posterior distance to bregma in mm). MGN, medial geniculate nucleus; Te3, auditory association cortex. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3144959_pone-0022811-g003_103743.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the XGAL+ staining in the Pnmt
+/Cre, ROSA26
+/βgal heart.(a) Representative two-dimensional section of the adult mouse heart were cut at 20 microns. (b) Still-shot of a 3D-rendered image generated from stacked 2D images as described in the methods section. The arrows point to equivalent regions in both panels that roughly correspond to basal, mid, and apical concentrations of XGAL+ cells in these hearts. Please see online supplemental figures 1 and 2 for different perspective views of the 3D image analysis for these data. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic59405.jpg | what is the mr weighting in this image? | t2 |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4416830_F15_382719.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | CD44v7/8 and Hyal2 do not associate at the cell surface. Fibroblasts were grown to 70% confluence before growth arrest in serum-free medium for 48 h. Cells were then incubated under the various cytokine treatments according to experimental models as described under “Experimental Procedures.” Cells were subsequently fixed and stained for Hyal2 (red) and CD44v7/8 (green). Areas of co-localization appear as yellow, original magnification ×400. All images are representative of three individual experiments. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3078938_pone-0019099-g004_92789.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Vessel morphometrics can be derived from perfused mouse organ vasculature.Color bar on left of each panel indicates associated vessel diameters. (A) Pseudocolored image of adult mouse lung vasculature. (B) Pseudocolored image of volume rendered coronary vasculature of an adult mouse brain. (C) Pseudocolored image of volume rendered vasculature of an adult mouse heart. (D) Pseudocolored image of volume rendered vasculature of an adult mouse kidney. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46551.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | MRI of the foot, PD TSE. Bone marrow edema in the tarsal bones; the greatest changes can be seen in the medial cuneiform and navicular bones |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3060856_F3_90545.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | CE MRA with intravascular contrast agent. (A) First-pass and (B) steady-state multiplanar reformatted images from contrast-enhanced MRA done with 0.03 mmol/kg of gadofosveset trisodium in a 25 year-old male with a right lower lobe segmental pulmonary embolus (arrow). Even during the steady-state there is substantial intravascular signal to accurately diagnose the pulmonary embolism. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2987803_pone-0014046-g002_78792.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | gas1p and gas2p localize to the cell periphery.(A) Localization of YFP-gas1p and gas2-GFP in a wild-type strain. Wild-type cells carrying YFP-gas1p on a plasmid under the control of its own promoter (pMMR18) or carrying gas2p-GFP at the gas2+ locus were grown to early-log phase. Images of cells stained with Calcofluor White (CW) and the fluorescence (YFP-gas1p or gas2-GFP) are shown. Scale bars, 10 µm. (B) gas1p localizes as a disc to the nascent septum, whereas gas2p remains at the septum edging during its synthesis. Scale bars, 5 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_29917.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Axial computed tomography image showing bowing of anterior wall of right maxillary sinus (arrow) by the enhancing soft tissue mass known as Hollman Miller's sign |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3065218_fig3_91166.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | MRI image of the brain in an axial view showing the “pre-contrast T2 image”. Note the abnormal lesions (circled) in the per ventricular area suggesting white matter pathology. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_14654.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Portable chest X-ray. Showing elevation of right dome of the diaphragm. There is atherosclerotic calcification of aortic arch. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic25650.jpg | which organ system is imaged? | lung, mediastinum, pleura |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3623901_pone-0061326-g003_198166.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Structural correlates of the amino acid residue 615 on TLR5.Protein homology modeling of TLR5 suggests a possible contribution of the 616L/F residue to dimerization. (a) Representation of the 3D structure of TLR5 extracellular domain (ECD) model; (b) Surface of the residues around F616; (c) Superimposition of the two models of TLR5 ECD (F616, L616); (d) Superimposition of residues F616 and L616; (e) The hypothesized three dimensional structure of the TLR5 dimer; (f) Putative dimerization site residues including I582, E586, Y612, P613, and S615. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3487864_F1_163514.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Preoperative radiological features: large mass involving the left upper lobe. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic28093.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | femoral neck stress fractures |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4238339_F4_338026.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Digital x-ray of both hands (AP and oblique views). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic18872.jpg | which plane is this x-ray taken in? | lateral |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3917325_F3_265289.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Immunohistochemical staining of syndecan 2 in NETs. (A,D,G,J) Normal tissue from colon (A), lung (D), small intestine (G), and gastric transitional mucosa (J). (B,E,H,K) Well-differentiated NETs from colon (B), lung (E), small intestine (H), and pancreas (K). (C,F,I,L) Poorly differentiated NETs from colon (C), lung (F), stomach (I), and pancreas (L). Syndecan 2 antibody marks normal epithelial cells, namely intracryptic cells, with faint cytoplasmic staining. The marking is enhanced in low degree NETs, decreasing in those NETs with the highest degree of malignancy (neuroendocrine carcinomas). Magnification 200×. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3670855_pone-0063485-g002_208555.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Electron micrographs of microvilli development in Caco-2 cells during a 5-week growth period.Caco-2 cells were cultured in GTSF-2 medium for up to 5 weeks at 37°C. At 2, 3 and 5 weeks of culture, under either 2D, or 3D conditions in a rotating wall vessel, cells were removed and processed for visualization under electron microscope. Top Panel [A (1200x), B (440x), C (1400x)]: 3D structures Lower Panel [D (690x), E (890x), F (690x)]: 2D structures. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4359867_fig1_367752.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | (a) Tumor involving the right cheek area extending from the temporal area to the mandibular area (frontal view). (b) Semilateral view. (c) Lateral view. (d) CT scan: axial cut of the upper neck with IV contrast showing narrowing of the external auditory canal by the tumor. (e) CT scan: coronal cut of the upper neck with IV contrast showing erosion of the right zygomatic arch. (f) Intraoperative image showing an extended modified Blair incision. (g) Intraoperative image showing the parotid mass well circumscribed after elevation of the skin flap. (h) Tumor after “en bloc” excision. (i) Postoperative image of the patient. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2672023_f6-ijms-10-01138_37654.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Typical histological changes in hepatic tissue structure in rats. The tissues were sampled after 4-week long exposition (magnification 120 ×). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3162981_fig3_106680.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Postoperative AP view of skull xp (a) and bone image with head CT (b) showing complete resection of the tumor and excellent remodeling of the skull deficit using calcium phosphate paste. Microscopic view of the intraoperative biopsied specimen (c, H&E stain, ×200). The lesion was composed of irregularly shaped trabeculae of woven bone with calcification in a background of fibrous tissue. There were no osteoblasts on the surface of the trabeculae. These histological findings were indicative of fibrous dysplasia. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3183069_pone-0025728-g003_110466.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Representative micrographs of an animal with severe CM (A, C, E) and a non infected control animal (B, D, F). A, B, E, F: bregma -6 (cerebellum and brainstem); C, D: bregma -2 (cortex, hippocampus and thalamic nuclei).In CNT animals, brain sections showed mild labeling for Nogo-A (B, D, F). In CM animals more intense neuronal and oligodendroglial Nogo-A labeling was observed (A, C, E) especially in the brainstem (E). Magnifications: A–D: 1x, E-F: 20x. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3266222_F4_123553.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Combined M-FISH analysis and QD detection allows chromosomal assignment of transgenic insertions in a rat model. Aligning the QD 585 detection image (A) and M-FISH metaphase spread image (B) again allows identification of chromosome 6 (pseudo-colored in yellow by the M-FISH karyotyping software) as the chromosome holding the transgenic insertion and confirms this specific rat model to be hemizygous for the insertion (transgene presents only on one of the two homologs). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2765171_F0020_48318.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Hot cross bun sign. Axial T2W MRI image of the pons (A) in a patient with multiple system atrophy shows a hyperintense linear area forming a ‘cross’ (arrow) in the pons. Sagittal T1W image (B) shows atrophy of the cerebellum and cerebrum (prominence of sulci) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvf90lc074yef2f0ua1.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1636656_F5_7720.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Fluoresence (First column) and their corresponding phase images (Second column) of 786-O cells treated with LnPO4·H2O nanorods. (A): Control 786-O cells with no treatment, slight green color due to auto fluorescence in (A), (B): 786-O cells treated with EuPO4·H2O nanorods, and (C): 786-O cells treated with TbPO4·H2O nanorods, taken by confocal microscope. In few places green fluorescence color of nanorods inside the cells, were marked by white arrow sign. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4116162_pone-0103275-g005_310078.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Inscriptions data from the back plate.(A) Fragment A, PTM of back plate with specular enhancement. (B) Fragment A, PTM of back plate with diffuse gain. (C) Fragment A, PTM of back plate with specular enhancement. (D) Fragment A, PTM of impression of back cover with luminance unsharp masking. (E) Fragment A, X-ray CT slice of back plate. (F) Fragment F, X-ray CT slice of back plate. (G) Fragment E, X-ray CT slice of back plate. (H) Fragment E, X-ray CT slice of accretion layer. (I) Fragment E, orthogonal X-ray CT slice of back plate and accretion layer. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3023864_F0002_84862.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Axial CT, PET, and PET-CT images showing increased FDG uptake in mediastinal lymph nodes in a patient having sarcoidosis |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3535388_fig06_176660.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Acanthamoeba castellanii morphology in coculture with EDL933. Electron micrographs showing the extracellular localization of EDL933 and the effect on amoebae morphology. Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites alive (A) and killed (B) in coculture with EDL933 at day 1 and at day 9 (C, D). A mature cyst formed by A. castellanii at day 14 (E). Multilamellar bodies secreted by amoebae (black arrow) at day 9 (D) and day 14 (F). M, mitochondria; V, vacuole. Scale bars = 2 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4131088_fig6_313078.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | T2 images (a), (c), and (e), T1 images after intravenous gadolinium injection (b), (d), and (f), and MR myelography (g) reveal the presence of a cystic tissue in the chest on the right and severe spinal cord compression due to the presence of multiple hydatid cysts involving the body of D2 and minimally the body of D1. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54095.jpg | what type of imaging modality is used to acquire the image? | an - angiogram |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4030966_biomolecules-03-00848-f004_290966.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | SESA1:mCherry partially localizes to punctate bodies induced by PDI9:GFP-KDEL or PDI10:GFP-KDDL expression. (A) PDI9:GFP-KDEL; (B) PDI10:GFP-KDDL; (C) PDI2:GFP-KDEL control (non-ER body-inducing); (D) unfused GFP(S56T) control. Each chimeric fusion was co-expressed in leaf protoplasts with the seed storage protein marker SESA1:mCherry. GFP signal is shown in Column 1, mCherry signal in Column 2, and a merge of both signal patterns in Column 3. Chlorophyll autofluorescence is shown in Column 4. Arrows indicate punctate bodies co-labeled by SESA1:mCherry and either (A) PDI9:GFP-KDEL or (B) PDI10:GFP-KDDL. The white bars in column 1 represent 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4237882_F1_337860.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | T2 MRI image of cervical spine. (A) Sagittal view. Sagittal compressive ratio = a × 2/(b + c). (B) Axial view. Axial compressive ratio = f/e. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4519539_fig2_410362.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | A small invasive ductal carcinoma in a 31-year-old woman. (a) B-mode US image shows a 10 mm hypoechoic, lobular mass. (b) VTI shows Pattern 4 and an AR of 1.82; (c) VTQ measures a SWV of 1.87; (d) histopathologic examination shows that the mass is rich in cancer cells with lymphocyte infiltration and short of fibrous tissue (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×100). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3522677_pone-0051245-g006_173327.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunofluorescence analysis by confocal microscopy of endothelial intercellular junctions.Immunofluorescence experiments were performed on tg(fli1:EGFP)y1 embryos at 2 dpf. Confocal images of tail vessels of std-MO (A, E) and MOb injected embryos (B, F) labeled with an anti-ZO-1 and VE-cadherin antibody (red) and the respective merged images (C, D, G, H). Se: intersegmental vessels. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3669386_pone-0064711-g002_208353.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Representative images obtained by echocardiography at day 35 in Ctrl (A) and Dox-CM (B) rats.Images were obtained with a short axis view of a two-dimensionally directed M-mode. Ctrl: control, dAWth: diastolic anterior wall thickness, Dox-CM: Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, dPWth: diastolic posterior wall thickness, LVEDD: left ventricular end diastolic diameter, LVESD: left ventricular end systolic diameter, sAWth: systolic anterior wall thickness, sPWth: systolic posterior wall thickness. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvp911o074y4vuzbfbr.jpg | Is there text? | No |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4180833_Fig1_323934.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you |
Immunohistochemical characteristics of primary and liver metastases. The initial liver biopsy shows the characteristic cell formation pattern of neuroendocrine tumor cells of solid nests of regular cells with broad eosinophilic cytoplasm and small inconspicuous nuclei. Mitotic cells are absent (a). The proliferation rate is very low, Ki67 marks less than 1% of the tumor cell nuclei (b). Furthermore, the strong immunohistochemical reaction for chromogranin A and synaptophysin is a solid proof for neuroendocrine differentiation (c and d). Likewise the rectum polyp exhibits the same histological (e) and immunohistochemical features including low proliferation (f) and marked reaction for the neuroendocrine markers chromogranin A and synaptophysin (g and h). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_33445.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Ultrasound at clinical recurrence showed thickening of the bladder wall of up to 5 mm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3561327_pone-0055711-g012_183104.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Offspring islets.Positive immunofluorescence reaction for insulin (red color) and DAPI nucleic acid staining (blue color), observed via confocal laser scanning microscopy: (A) standard chow (SC) group, day 0; (B) SC group, day 10; (C) high fat diet (HF) group, day 0; (D) HF group, day 10 (same magnification in all pictures). The images were used to measure the inter-cell nuclear distance as a measure of the beta cell size characterizing cell hypertrophy. The distance increased significantly from day 0 to day 10 in the HF group. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2916889_F3_70798.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Intracellular degradation of SIV specific peptides from gas vesicle treated monolayers. Immunostaining of r-GVTat. Rev or Nef1 treated monolayers with anti-SHIV antisera demonstrates the time dependent disappearance of these epitopes from the macrophages. Note that for all three, the epitope specific immunostaining diminishes over time: 24-120 h post application. Additionally, the level of fluorescence detected is consistent with the SIV insert size. For the samples harvested at 48 h post addition, the larger Nef1 insert, expressed by r-GVNef1 appears more intensely stained than the inserts for r-GVTat or r-GVRev. Original magnification 1000 ×. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4214485_f2-ol-08-06-2517_331555.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Histological examination characteristics of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (hematoxylin and eosin staining) (A, case 1; B, case 2; C, case 3; D, case 4). (A) Neoplasms are composed of short cords and nested tumor cells, and interstitial mucus degeneration (magnification, ×200). (B) Typically, the lumen or cavity in the tumor cytoplasm contain single or multiple erythrocytes (magnification, ×200). (C) Tumor cells are rich in certain areas, with marked atypia. The tumor cells are arranged in solid nests and duct-like structures, and form papillary structures in the blood vessels (magnification, ×200). (D) Tumor cells show multiple small nodules and local cerebral calcification at the necrotic center (magnification, ×100). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_19297.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Para nasal sinus view showing irregular diffuse radiolucency involving left maxillary sinus suggestive of osteomyelitis |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3071733_pone-0018600-g007_91890.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Alterations in interphase cells related to the formation of an abnormal number of centrosome.Alterations that could be related to an abnormal number of centrosomes were observed in HK2 cells treated with chrysotile for 24 or 48 h. A) A time series of images showing a cell with two centrosome like-structures that did not progress to M phase as expected for a cell with two centrosomes; B) a time series of images showing two interphase cells linked by an intercellular bridge without a midbody organization. The cells approached each other during the period of observation, reflecting a regression of cytokinesis. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3014094_fig02_82789.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | The correct targeting of GnTI to its steady-state location relies on signals located in the cytoplasmic tail and transmembrane domain.A) Confocal images of N. benthamianaleaf epidermal cells expressing GnTI-CTS-mRFP either alone or together with ERD2-GFP. The GnTI-CTS region targets mRFP predominantly to the Golgi. B) When expressed alone or coexpressed with ERD2-GFP, GnTI-CT-mRFP accumulates mainly in the Golgi, demonstrating that the luminal stem region is not needed for GnTI localization. C) In contrast, GnTI-T-mRFP highlights the cytoplasm and punctae of mostly unknown nature that only partially colocalize with ERD2-GFP. Scale bar = 5 μm for all images. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glls4nf071u5311ciqa.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_36978.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | “Window defect” in fluorescein angiography due to atrophy of RPE adjacent to angioid streaks. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2748076_F3_46621.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Histopathology of the excisional biopsy specimen demonstrates a) lobules of chondroid/myxoid matrix with embedded vacuolated cells and plasmacytoid cells (100×), b) these same cell populations are shown at high-power (400×), c) positive cytokeratin AE1-3 staining (200×), and d) weak GFAP staining (200×). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2235860_F3_17466.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Preoperative PET maximum intensity projection in the anterior projection view (A) and cross sectional fused PET/CT images (B). The preoperative PET/CT scan revealed a solitary hypermetabolic focus in the left lobe of the liver. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyydol8086u0pvl1o37.jpg | Where in the image is the instrument? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-center |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3143091_F4_103376.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Representatives of the distal tibiae macroscopic and histological appearances of different groups at 24 weeks post-OVX. Top panel represents digital photographs of 200-μm thick sections (bar = 1 mm); bottom panel are representatives H&E histological sections from the boxed metaphyseal regions of the top panel (bar = 100 μm). The trabecular bone volume at the metaphyseal region of the tibiae in the OVX group had reduced markedly; both OPG-Fc and ALN-treated groups had greater bone volumes than that in the OVX group; and the OPG-Fc+ALN-treated group had the greatest bone volumes, which appeared to be even greater than that in the sham group. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4352741_fig2_365089.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Angiogram demonstrating perfusion to the mass by a dense network of neovasculature arising from the mid right coronary artery. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3304272_F0001_129939.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | A large ovarian cyst - (a) pre-operative photograph, (b) excised cyst, (c) post-operative photograph |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3582556_pone-0058025-g003_188114.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Pd-like punctate localization of AtGnTL in N. benthamiana.GFP fluorescence is in green, mCherry fluorescence is in red. Images are single confocal sections. Bars = 20 µm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic56359.jpg | is this a t1 weighted image? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4030070_F1_290700.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Imaging and pathological findings in Case 1. a) Chest computed tomography (CT) shows a 0.8 × 0.8-cm nodule in segment 9 of the left lung (arrow). b) Low-power histologic view of the resected tumor (hematoxylin-eosin staining). The tumor consists of a fibrovascular core and papillomatous fronds lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium. c) High-power view of b (hematoxylin-eosin staining). The columnar epithelium consists of ciliated columnar cells, goblet cells and basal cells with no cytologic or architectural atypia. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4050035_pone-0099446-g002_295977.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Samsun tobacco plants recover from disease symptoms induced by AILV-V.In A, local symptoms in inoculated leaves appeared by 7 dpi and consisted in chlorotic spots, small necrotic rings and line patterns etched in leaf epidermis. In B, systemic symptoms are shown in the 3rd and 4th leaf and consist in chlorotic or necrotic ringspots surrounding the veins and peripheral vein clearing. In C, young leaves emerged between 21 and 28 dpi showing the recovery phenotype from disease symptoms. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4528717_Fig2_412988.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Optical coherence tomography of the right eye showing the position of the iris implant in direct contact with underlying iris tissue and obstructing the iridocorneal angle. Fluid is demonstrated in the interface between the LASIK flap and underlying corneal stroma |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01793.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Coronal CT scan shows asymmetry in the height of the ethmoid roof (arrow), with the right roof being lower than the left. There is high incidence of intracranial injury during FESS due to this anatomical variation |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3853196_F1_249404.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunostaining of RECK in renal cell tissue. RECK expression was mainly seen in the tubuli and in the capillaries of the glomeruli shown here in the medulla of non-malignant kidney tissue (A) and in the non-malignant renal cortex (B). RECK expression increased from clear cell carcinoma (C) over papillary (D) and chromophobe (E) carcinoma to oncocytoma (F). Magnification: 200× (A, B), 400× (C-F). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3751813_F3_227111.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | A 55-year-old female patient with broad ligament fibroid. A round solid mass with mostly isointense signal in the left adnexal region (arrow) was apparent on both T1WI (a) and T2WI (b). (c) On fat-suppressed T2WI, the signal was similar to that in (a) and (b). (d) On contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1WI, the lesion showed moderate enhancement, similar to that of the myometrium. (e) On DWI-MRI (b = 700 s/mm2), the lesion appeared as a homogeneous isointense signal. (f) The lesion shows intermediate signal on ADC map, with the ADC value of 1.10 × 10–3 mm2/s at the corresponding site. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4601894_F1_431992.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. |
September 2011 CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis reveals an enlargement of a previously demonstrated segment 7 hepatic lesion.
|
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q91ekf0832bm4w8g2i.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3926415_fig2_267542.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Normal pericardial recesses may be confused with pathology. (a) Contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) demonstrates fluid in the oblique sinus (white arrow). (b, c) Fluid in the superior aortic recess (black arrows). This may appear dense on CT due to contrast blooming and maybe mistaken for soft tissue. (d) Fluid in the left inferior pulmonary venous recess (black arrows). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4602997_F1_432562.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | A positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan on July 18, 2014, revealed extensive [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake within lymph nodes in the bilateral supraclavicular, mediastinal, pulmonary hilar, retrocardiac, cardiophrenic, gastrohepatic, abdominal paraaortic, left lower pelvic regions; bones in the left mandible, skull, spine, pelvic bones, bilateral scapulae, ribs, left femur; bilateral lungs and pleura; and pancreatic tail. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4505787_f2_406881.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Umbilical cord cyst images.
A: Umbilical cord cyst first detected at 20 0/7 weeks of gestation (arrow).
B: Umbilical cord cyst was confirmed and a clear image of the connection between the bladder and the umbilicus was found at 22 5/7 weeks of gestation.
C: Doppler velocimetry demonstrated flow around the cyst.
D: Doppler ultrasound examined the size of the cyst. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07643.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | MRI of a high-grade stenosis of the descending colon in UC (arrow) with prestenotic dilatation suspicious of malignancy. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/illus_drawing/train_0948.jpg | What are the lipofuscin pigment granules seen in? | cytoplasm myocardial fibres |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl0s3ob071u5z04bn3r.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3314951_f0045_131863.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Zoomed regions depicting tractography of the cingulum bundle for DW-SSFP-6 into temporal regions, thresholded at 5–10 streamlines. The purple arrows indicate bilateral tracking into the parahippocampal gyrus, while green arrows indicate the connections to the subiculum of the hippocampus. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2233876_fig3_17362.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | (a), (b), and (c) were from the same patient. The pathological diagnosis is right upper pulmonary squamous carcinoma. There were typical manifestations on CT, PET, and
integrated PET/CT. The mass on CT is 2.4 cm×2.5 cm. The SUVmax of early PET imaging is 7.8. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_61702.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | The center of rotation of the prosthesis was 3.7 mm lateral to the anatomical one and caused by a slightly too small humeral head size. This patient showed a relatively high postoperative constant score. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4212111_fig02_330876.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | A 45-year-old female with glioblastoma (WHO grade IV). Three lesions were located in bilateral frontal lobe and genu corpus callosum on T2WI (A) and T1WI (B). In the lesion located in the right frontal lobe, the 2 dot-like low signals were found on T2WI. However, on SWI-MinIP (C), more hemorrhagic signals were found in lesions, which showed high signals on phase image (D), and a vessel was found in the lesion located in genu corpus callosum. The lesions showed hyperintense signal both on DWI (E) and FLAIR (F), and demonstrated ring, intense and inhomogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image (G). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4652823_F1_445881.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Case 1. Sagittal Gd (gadolinium)-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRIs). (A) Images taken in August 2014, demonstrating diffusely thickening of dura mater at C6 and Th10 level with marked enhancement (arrow). (B) Images taken in November 2014, showing that the thickened dura mater significantly improved after immunosuppressive therapy (arrow). (C) Images taken in February 2015, demonstrating recurrence of HSP compared with previous MRI (B) (arrow). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3787110_pone-0075720-g006_234791.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | The distribution of gangliosides GD1a and GT1b in autonomic nuclei of brainstem (coronal sections).Double immunohistochemistry with anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) antibody (B-D, F-H, J-L, N-P, green) and anti-GD1a (C, G, K, O; red) or anti-GT1b (D, H, L, P; red). Locus coeruleus (A-D), lateral parabrachial nucleus (E-H), caudal ventrolateral medulla (I-L) and solitary nucleus (M-P). The negative controls (A, E, I, M) were performed by omitting primary antibodies. Cell nuclei are stained blue with DAPI. CVL, caudal ventrolateral medulla; LC, locus coeruleus; LPB, lateral parabrachial nucleus; Sol, solitary nucleus. Scale bar = 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3430288_f1-ijms-13-09142_152148.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | (A) Tumor spheres cultured in serum-free stem cell media (magnification, 200×); (B) Tumor sphere cells were CD133-positive (magnification, 200×); (C) and (D) Tumor spheres differentiated to express the glial cell marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (red) and neuronal marker, Tu-20 (green). Cell nuclei were counterstained with 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; blue, magnification, 200×). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4265984_F3_344661.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Microscopic images of MC3T3-E1 cells at the end of LIPUS stimulation. Microscopic images of cell growth after two 10-min ultrasound excitations at 24-h interval and at following ultrasound intensities (a) control, (b) 1.16 mW/cm2, (c) 4.64 mW/cm2, (d) 18.57 mW/cm2, (e) 74.27 mW/cm2, and (f) 464.18 mW/cm2. Magnification × 20. |
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