image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic22244.jpg | what is most alarming about this x-ray? | bochdalek hernia |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07336.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Echocardiography: Increased pericardial echogenity, pericardial thickening, localized liquid collections in apex adherent to pericardium (∗), and deviation of interventricular septum to left in inspiration (favoring pulmonary hypertension) and diastolic dysfunction due to constrictive pericarditis. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2591.jpg | Where is this? | skin |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4244554_Fig1_339244.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Case 1. a Preoperative range of movement evaluation. b Preoperative X-rays showing the dorsal inclination of articular surface of the distal radius. c Intraoperative view showing the osteotomy of the radius, the synthesis and the final correction under fluoroscopy. d X-rays 30 days after surgery showing the dorsal gap with early signs of refilling. e Good healing of the osteotomy with complete refilling of the dorsal gap at 3 months after surgery |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_40930.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | TTE apical 4-chamber view demonstrating normal right ventricular dimensions. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3567960_F3_184637.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Some distinctive features of BSE in VM mice. (a)-(d) Immunohistochemistry showing characteristic features in the dentate gyrus (a), periaqueductal grey mater (b), solitary tract (c) locus ceruleus (d). (e)–(h) The same areas stained using the PET blot approach. Both methods revealed similar distribution of PrPSc but IHC confered higher resolution. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08318.jpg | What is shown in this image? | AP and lateral thoracolumbar spine X-Rays demonstrating S-shaped scoliosis of the cervical and thoracic spine with left lower cervical and upper thoracic curves and right mid and lower thoracic curves. Increased thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis is present. There is mild anterior wedging of a mid thoracic vertebra. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_bone/train_2815.jpg | Does this image show saggital section sternum obvious lesion scar carcinoma? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4061211_f2-etm-08-01-0233_298921.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Lung CT scans at different time-points following ingestion of paraquat. (A) At 44 days following ingestion, the lung fibrosis had decreased. (B) At 75 days post-ingestion the lung damage was aggravated. Larger lesions with air and fluid bronchograms, surrounded by a wide range of patchy lesions were observed. (C) A follow up CT scan after 148 days showed that the lung damage had decreased markedly once the treatment was resumed. (D) A CT of the lung 236 days following paraquat exposure revealed localized fibrosis was improved. CT, computed tomography. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz4doro086ua6fxbql5.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris ip |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q91ekb0832138447lf.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2952296_fig3_75531.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Histological study of the inflammation of the synovial tissue. A very mild inflammation in the ankle joint from the animals in the saline (a) and saline-EA (b) groups. Massive accumulation of inflammatory cells in the swollen joint (c) and an apparent periosteal edema (d) are seen in the FCA-injected group. (e) Less inflammation and hyperplastic synovial cells are presence in the ankle joint of the animals in the FCA-EA group. (f) A severe inflammation of the ankle joint is detected in the FCA-EA (nonacupoint) group. H&E staining; original magnification, 400x. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2909946_F2_69817.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | FISH analysis of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patient. A. The supernumerary ring chromosome stained positive with whole chromosome paint probes for chromosome 18. B. Localization of BAC probes RP11-411B10 (red dot) and RP11-79F3 (green dot) on chromosome 18. C. Metaphase and interphase/prometaphase FISH analysis using the BAC probes RP11-411B10 (red) and RP11-79F3 (green) confirmed the presence of the pericentromeric region of 18q11 on the ring chromosome. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2629579_pgen-1000366-g006_33024.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Mapped B. anynana pigmentation mutants.Ventral surface of fore- (top) and hind-wing (bottom) of adult butterflies from different laboratory stocks: (A) “wildtype”, and mutants (B) Bigeye with all eyespots enlarged, (C) 067 with hindwing eyespots 6 and 7 enlarged, (D) Spotty with two extra eyespots on forewing, (E) Cyclops with fused eyespots, (F) Goldeneye with golden scales replacing the typically black scales of the eyespot mid-ring, and (G) Band with lighter distal wing half. Top view of a fifth and final instar larvae of different laboratory stocks: (H) “wildtype”, and (I) Chocolate mutant with dark-brown integument. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3051120_F0001_89427.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | (a) Preoperative lateral radiograph and (b) axial CT scan showing unilateral defect of the pars interarticularis of the L4 vertebra. (c) Sagittal T2 weighted MRI demonstrating the normal L4-L5 disc without any degeneration. Follow-up lateral dynamic radiographs in (d) flexion and (e) extension, showing complete healing of the defect without signs of instability. (f) Postoperative axial CT scan demonstrating complete healing of the spondylolytic defect |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_36512.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | CT axial images showing a small branch off the left gastric artery entering the left anterior aspect of the mass (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3770591_pone-0075099-g001_231092.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Representative images of the site of injection of rAAV2- in the striatum, revealed by GFP-DAPI double labeling, as well as representative autoradiograms of striatal pENK mRNA (in situ hybridization), compared to the schematic of the mouse brain (adapted from the atlas of Franklin and Paxinos, 2008).Arrow indicates the site of injection of rAAV2-GFP-pENK which corresponds to the overexpression of striatal pENK mRNA. Arrowhead indicates the site of injection of rAAV2-GFP without any changes in the expression of striatal pENK mRNA. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06881.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Single coronary artery and double LAD arteries. Coronary angiography in a caudal right anterior oblique view shows all coronary arteries arising from right sinus of Valsalva with a common trunk. LAD2 (arrows) arises from the RCA (arrow) and then turns sharply down the anterior interventricular sulcus. LAD (arrow) forms a short vessel, which produces both septal perforators and diagonal branches.LMCA – left main coronary artery, Cx – circumflex artery, LAD – left anterior descending artery, RCA – right coronary artery |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3863517_fig1_251995.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Imaging of the knee showing the presence of intra-articular metal staple and a medial meniscus tear ((a), (b)). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4355119_fig5_365707.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Pre- and postoperative radiographies for Harrington Class 2 bone defect. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3914879_pone-0087996-g005_264650.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Segmentation errors in scans of lower image quality and corresponding corrected segmentation after applying the semi-automated approach.(A) The algorithm mistakenly identified the OPL/ONL interface. (B) Corrected segmentation corresponding (A) after applying the semi-automated approach. (C) The algorithm mistakenly identified the RNFL/GCL boundary. (D) Corrected segmentation corresponding (C) after applying the semi-automated approach. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3503642_F1_167628.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Doppler echocardiographic imaging.A. Preoperative TTE; grade 4+ MR. B. Postoperative TEE; grade 4+ recurrent MR along the posterior annulus. C. Postoperative TTE; grade 4+ TR. D. Two-year follow-up TEE; grade 1+ residual TR and MR. LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; MR, mitral regurgitation; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; TEE, transesophageal echocardiography; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3253713_F2_121468.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Bladder small cell carcinoma imaging [31]. A. Computed tomography scan of the pelvis shows a heavy tumor at the right bladder wall with intraluminal and extravesical extension (arrows). B. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen shows a multinodular liver disease from bladder small cell carcinoma (arrows). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1336.jpg | What does this image show? | dysraphism encephalocele occipital premature female no chromosomal defects lived one day |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4608668_pone.0140364.g004_434149.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Subcellular localization analysis of Gly m 4l-GFP protein in Arabidopsis protoplasts.(A) Flow chart of construction 35S: Gly m 4l-GFP for subcellular localization analysis. (B) Images visualized by a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. The images of bright-field (a and b), the GFP fluorescence (green) only (c and d), the chlorophyll autofluorescence (red) only (e and f) and combined ones (g and h) are shown. All scale bars indicate 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4451975_pone.0128353.g001_392206.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | SPM map.Positive correlation between brain perfusion and dichotic listening (left ear words) normalized scores with adjustment for age, sex, socio-cultural level and time delay between brain SPECT and neuropsychological testing. Linear regression analysis shows diffuse impairment of periventricular areas/corpus callosum. Significant clusters are displayed with T-score values on 2-dimensional projections (glass-brain—left panel) and slices of MRI (right panel) templates in axial, coronal and sagittal orientations. P-value < 0.005 at the voxel level for clusters ≥ 100 contiguous voxels (corrected for cluster volume). L, left; R, right; A, anterior; P, posterior. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2532995_F1_27555.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | a. CT scan of the neck, following contrast administration. Axial section of the level of the oropharynx, demonstrates the horizontal extension of the right ICA towards the midline and behind the oropharynx. b. Multiplanar reconstruction at the coronal plane demonstrates an angiographic appearance of the vessels of the neck, showing the ectopic portion of the right ICA. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3174163_pone-0024420-g004_108746.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Spontaneous metastasis of tumor xenograft into the lung.H&E staining (100× magnification) reveals the presence of tumor in the diaphragm (A), and in the lung 100× magnification (B) and 400× magnification (C). The immunohistochemical staining of the tumor in the lung for HLA Class I (D) establishes that these tumors are of human origin. The sections were made from the tissues of a mouse 16 weeks after the i.p. injection of a suspension of tumor = derived cell aggregates. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pw1e6f0832g26obqdx.jpg | Where in the image is the instrument? | Upper-center |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_18492.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | A patient with longstanding multiple sclerosis with diffuse leukoencephalopathy and a left thalamic demyelinating lesion (a) on FLAIR imaging. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4475550_fig3_398552.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Hematoxylin and Sosin staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis in kidney section of rats treated with ISO. Sirius red staining showed fibrosis (red color) in kidney section of rats treated with ISO. (a, d) Control; (b, e) ISO; and (c, f) ISO + allopurinol, magnification 40x. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4515499_fig2_409536.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Effect of genistein on immunohistochemical staining of PPARγ in the liver of rats. (a) Control group; (b) NASH group; (c) NASH + Gen8 group; (d) NASH + Gen16 group. Nuclear counterstaining was performed with hematoxylin. Positive stained cells contain dark brown nuclei. Images were obtained at ×200 magnification. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1722.jpg | What does this image show? | kidney |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4646964_F6_444195.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | PJK4:ALVi_Vi1_5: eYFP transformed isolate V. inaequalis Vi1 growing on apple hypocotyl viewed with bright field microscopy (right panels) and confocal fluorescent (left panels) 7 days post inoculation (A) and 14 days post inoculation (B). YFP fluorescence observed in multicellular, sub-cuticular stroma only. Fluorescent images are z stacks. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic20863.jpg | what is most alarming about this ct scan? | pulmonary sarcoidosis |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic26215.jpg | what imaging plane is depicted here? | longitudinal |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic53066.jpg | in what plane is this image oriented? | sagittal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4640282_fig2_442841.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Photograph of human cortex captured by a surgical microscope and the corresponding speckle contrast image. The outlined region has reduced cortical blood flow from vascular cauterization. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4049707_f1-ol-07-06-1871_295787.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. (A) Lung squamous cell carcinoma. (B) Lung adenocarcinoma. (Magnification, ×200). Streptavidin peroxidase immunohistochemical staining was used for visualisation. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1739.jpg | What is present? | urinary |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2889898_F6_66902.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (a) Histology of the resected tumor still shows good vascularisation (*) and moderate regression of the tumor tissue with about 25% vital cells (black arrows) after neoadjuvant therapy; HE, 100-fold magnification. (b) Strong trabeculae (*) and collagen fibres (Sharpey-like Fibers; black arrows) that attached the tendon graft tightly to the bone; HE, 50-fold magnification. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3914330_fig2_264306.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Group-level BOLD responses for both (a) DQ and (b) LA groups (P < 0.05, FWE) and (c) the differences between them (P < 0.0001, uncorrected). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4585251_F2_427563.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | The subcellular localization and transcriptional activation analysis of pepper CaNAC2. (A) The subcellular localization of pepper CaNAC2 in onion epidermal cells. The fused pBI221-GFP-CaNAC2 and pBI221-GFP constructs were introduced into onion epidermal cells by biolistic bombardment. The GFP signals were observed under confocal microscope; (B) Transcriptional activation analysis of CaNAC2 in yeast strain AH109. CaNAC2 represents the fusion protein of the GAL4 DNA-binding domain and CaNAC2; pGBKT7 was used as control. The culture solution of the transformed yeast was streaked on SD/-Leu/-Trp medium and SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp medium. The plates were incubated for 3 days. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3192773_F1_111692.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | CT scan of our patient's chest on admission to our hospital. (A) Chest CT scan shows GGO (arrow) in her left S10 lung segment of 1.3 cm in size. (B) Chest CT scan shows a solitary small nodule (arrow) of 5 mm in diameter in her left S4 segment. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3096593_F3_95631.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Photograph of the resected specimen demonstrates the macroscopic appearance of the multivesicular hydatid cyst. The typical "bunch of grapes" appearance is visible; moreover it is obvious that the hydatid cyst has three layers. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1py1e8z0832gv1t14hb.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3299290_fig2_129260.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | MRI T2 flair image demonstrating findings of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome involving bilateral parietal-occipital lobes, left greater than right (arrows). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3710258_F2_217627.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Pelvic CT scan-axial and coronal sections. CT scan of pelvis in arterial (A) and portal (B-C) phase, shows an inhomogeneous neoformation 65x51x88mm in correspondence of left ovary, with multiple necrotic areas within and a slow-enhancing after contrastum media administration. Figure 2B shows a vascular pedicle (white arrow) in the inferior portion of the lesion rising from left ovarian artery. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3278387_F1_125423.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Gray matter volume differences between all women with AN (n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 21). Voxel-based morphometry maps thresholded at p = 0.002 for false positives and corrected for covariates (Total gray Matter Volume, Age). Red indicates deficits in gray matter volume in women with AN compared to controls, blue indicates excesses in gray matter volume in women with AN compared to controls. Z score coordinates given are from the Talairach atlas. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwywdojw086u4ihwbr3l.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3038263_f0060_86926.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Control HH22 embryos with normal phenotypes, electroporated with GFP plus either the random shRNA silencer vector (A–C), or the control alpha18 plasmid (D–G). A and B show an embryo with GFP expression (A) and Isl1/2 immunolabelled in the same section with Cy3 (B). Panel C shows a different embryo labelled immunohistochemcially for Lim1/2 (e, electroporated side). D–G show one embryo with GFP (D) and neighbouring sections immunolabelled for Lim3, MNR2 and phosphohistone 3 (H3). Scale bar = 100 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_30945.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | After distalization panoramic radiograph of the patient. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4575164_pone.0138330.g003_424908.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | TEM images of G-Mo2C at different magnifications. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2859949_pone-0010352-g004_62929.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Immuno-histology of grafts in tolerant vs rejecting recipients.Graft staining of Group 4 (tolerant mice) at day 20 post-transplant (A–D), graft staining of Group 4 (tolerant mice) at day 100 post-transplant (E–H), graft staining of Group 1 (rejecting mice) within the first 48 hours of rejection (I–L) and graft staining of Group 1 (rejecting mice) between 48 hours and 7 days of rejection (M–P). A, E, I, M, Hematoxylin & eosin (magnification 200x), B, F, J, N Insulin immunofluorescence (green, magnification 200x), Foxp3 immunochemistry (brawn intranuclear staining) C, D, G, K Magnification 200x and D, H, L, P Magnification 600x. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3474799_pone-0047397-g004_160983.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Three-dimensional longitudinal and cross-sectional μCT images to visualize bone changes during an orthopaedic implant infection.
S. aureus or no bacteria (uninfected) (n = 8 mice per group) were inoculated into the knee joints of LysEGFP mice in the presence of a titanium K-wire implant and mice were imaged using the Quantum FX® in vivo μCT system (Caliper). Representative 3D longitudinal (left) and cross-sectional (right) μCT images (from the area within the dashed red lines on the longitudinal images) on days 14 and 48 of femurs implanted with a titanium K-wire implant from S. aureus-infected mice (A) and uninfected mice (B). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4220687_F3_332960.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Coronal T2*-weighted images obtained at 7.0T (A), 3.0T (B), and 1.5T (C). Adapted with permission from Cho et al. (2010). Visual inspection shows clearer identification of the substantia nigra (SN), subthalamic nucleus (STN), internal globus pallidus (GPi), external globus pallidus (GPe), and putamen (Pu) at 7T compared to 3T and 1.5T. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3415156_fig1_149101.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | (A) Ultrawide field fundus photograph of the right eye shows a black sunburst lesion (arrow), a flat, round, black patch along the superior arcade temporally. (B) Ultrawide field fluorescein angiogram of the right eye in the arteriovenous phase demonstrates the staining of the sunburst lesion (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3737158_pone-0071316-g002_223662.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | HRV16 infection leads to mislocalisation of nuclear proteins.Ohio-HeLa cells grown on coverslips were infected without (mock) or with HRV16 as per Figure 1; cells were fixed at the indicated times and permeabilized, and then probed with the indicated pairs of primary antibodies, followed by Alexa 488 and Alexa-568 conjugated secondary antibodies. Fluorescence was imaged by CLSM (see Materials and Methods). In each panel, images on the left depict localisation of HRV16 proteins (green channel) and the images in the middle depict localisation of cellular proteins (red channel), with the merged image on the right. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3275512_F1_124944.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Dynamic computed tomography revealed a tumor in segment 2 of the liver, which was high and low density in the arterial (a) and venous phases (b), respectively, and portal vein tumor thrombus in the portal branch root of segment 2 (arrow) (c). Portal vein tumor thrombus did not invade to umbilical and transverse portions (UP and TP) of the left portal vein (d, e). P3, portal branch of segment 3; LHV, left hepatic vein. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3414788_F2_148977.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Time-lapse series of FA dynamics in MTLn3 cells. MTLn3 cell expressing paxillin-EGFP and stimulated with 0.01 nM EGF is shown. Images were taken at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 min. A. Original total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) images of cells with FAs. B. Binary images of whole cell masks after segmentation. C. Binary images of FA masks after segmentation. D. Composite images of tracked FAs within the cell, where green represents original images and red represents the segmented FA masks. The scale bar is 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4575717_fig2_425102.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Imaging signs of B cell lymphoma response to therapy. ((a) and (b)) Computed tomography sagittal reformats show focal thickening of the anteroinferior peribulbar conjunctiva on the left side (white arrow in (a)). Compared to the same site in the right orbit (arrow in (b)) where peribulbar hypodense fat tissue is present. ((c) and (d)) Magnetic resonance axial postgadolinium T1-weighted images before (c) and after (d) treatment. Note the size reduction of the focal peribulbar tissue on the left medial conjunctiva (white arrows in (c) and (d)). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glcs48r071u6b2k2ctb.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4681033_Fig1_453714.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Axial T1-weighted pre-operative MR images for cases 1, 2 and 3 with nodular contrast enhancement and showing a ventricular association |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4190831_fig2_326528.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | (a-1) Longitudinal incision at medial side of the distal phalanx of the toe. (a-2) Dissection of the osteoid osteoma. (a-3) Curettage of the osteoid osteoma. (b-1, b-2) Postoperative radiographies. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4617074_F3_435985.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Pathological features of the first (A, B, C) and second (D, E, F) biopsies. The first biopsy obtained demonstrated ulceration with inflammatory exudate (A, H&E). Immmunohistochemical (IHC) staining (B) and in situ hybridization (ISH) for EBER (C) highlighted scattered positive lymphocytes. The second biopsy obtained fragments of squamous epithelium and superficial lamina propria with scattered small lymphocytes (D, H&E), which were positive for CD3 (E) and EBER by ISH (F). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2631466_F2_33250.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | A. Differentiation of mMSCs and GFPTgMSCs along mesodermal lineages. Cells were incubated in CEM and then transferred to adipogenic or osteogenic media for 14 days. All cells were passage 9 or lower. Cells which formed lipid vacuoles were stained with Oil Red-O while mineralization in osteogenic-differentiated cells was revealed with Alizarin Red staining.B. GFPTgMSCs retain fluorescence after differentiation. MSCs derived from eGFP+ transgenic C57Bl/6 mice (P6) retain fluorescence even after stimulated to undergo adipogenic differentiation. 20× magnification. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07564.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Transverse plane computer tomography scan of the abdomen demonstrating a short segment small bowel intussusceptions without evidence of obstruction, and a small umbilical hernia containing fat |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1930.jpg | What are present? | no |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1035.jpg | What is present? | oral |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2324199_pone-0002083-g002_20565.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | 2-D Page of Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Aa23 cells.(A) Identification of proteins unique to Wolbachia-infected Aa23 cells. Approximately 750 ug of protein extract from an Aa23 cell line stably infected with Wolbachia (I) and a parallel cell line cured of a Wolbachia infection (II) were analyzed. Proteins expressed only in the presence of a Wolbachia infection (ID #1–6) are identified. (B) Gel sections showing proteins selected for LC/MS/MS analysis. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2926673_fig3_72023.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | By ERCP the right and left hepatic ducts were displaced (a). With the supplementary injection of radiopaque material, accessory gallbladder could be visualized (b). Cholangiography through ENBD tube conducted the following day showed cystic duct (white arrow) arising from the left hepatic duct (c). Thereafter, an accessory gallbladder was visualized (d). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3419652_F2_149925.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Cryptococci surrounded by a clear capsule (black arrows) are present in a background of non-specific chronic inflammation with multinucleated giant cells present in the left upper quadrant. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin stain. (B) The fungi are clearly seen with a PAS stain. Budding forms are evident. (C) The GMS stain demonstrates yeast forms with marked size variation and budding and narrow-based budding, typical features of Cryptococcus. (D) The outer wall of the fungi stain positive with the mucicarmine stain and the organisms (black arrows) are surrounded by a clear capsule. A positive mucicarcmine stain confirms the diagnosis of cryptococcosis. (E) Multiple ferruginous bodies. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4274904_F11_346409.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Evaluation of DANI on Patient 6 with right frontal FCD. Results are presenting most salient stability changes observed in Cmapn followed by a t-map of the BOLD response to epileptic discharges and a postsurgical FLAIR MRI, all resampled in the native anatomical MRI space of the patient. Most salient stability changes observed for Cmapn of Visual, Cerebellum, and Sensory Motor networks are presented. The Visual and Cerebellum networks were also involved in significant interactions of modularity changes at p < 0.001. Same colormap conventions than in Figure 6. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01227.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Mature cystic teratoma in a 37-year-old woman.Transvaginal ultrasonography demonstrates a complex echoic mass with a hyperechoic solid portion and posterior shadowing (arrows). The mass also contains multiple hyperechoic lines and dots. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4351620_F5_364679.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Anti-ChAT labeling in HC ChAT-YFP cells. (A) YFP, (B) anti-ChAT, and (C) merged images from the HC. Higher magnification images in (D–F) CA1 SR, (G–I) CA3 SP, and (J–L) DG showing that anti-ChAT labeling is not detected in ChAT-YFP cells. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3103544_pone-0020330-g001_97267.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Representative ultrasound images of USGI of tumor cells into the pancreas.A) Shows the 30 gauge needle in mouse pancreas pre-injection. B) Shows the injection of a 20 µL bolus of tumor cells into the mouse pancreas. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1232.jpg | What is present ? | Face |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl9s43b071u1unh2a0t.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04590.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Initial frame. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1557507_F1_6816.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Lymphoscintigraphy demonstrating the location of the primary tumor in the upper inner quadrant of the right breast (large central area of radioactivity) as well as the two sentinel lymph nodes. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3946053_F2_272480.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Imaging studies of the giant mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. (A) Chest radiograph showing an upward compression of the diaphragm. (B) Ultrasound images of the heterogeneous mass, which occupies the entire abdominal cavity. (C) Abdominal ultrasound (US) showing normal liver, spleen and kidneys. (D-F) Contrasted computed tomography (CT) scan revealing an extra-large mass with well-defined limits, and heterogeneous coefficient of attenuation, which was predominantly liquid. The mass appeared to extend from the right adnexal area up to the diaphragmatic region, displacing the abdominal contents. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_76111.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Cross table lateral X-ray showing low anorectal anomaly |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2661036_F2_36576.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Visualization of fine and ultrafine particles by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Figure A illustrates the appearance of 1 μm fluorescent polystyrene particles (green) inside A549 cells. Figure B illustrates the appearance of 0.05 μm fluorescent particles (green) inside A549 cells after application of a deconvolution algorithm. For visualization of the cells, the actin cytoskeleton was stained with phalloidine-rhodamine (red). The panels on the right and at the bottom of each figure show the corresponding y/z and x/z projection, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3430626_pone-0043993-g003_152237.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Unique white matter changes across patient groups.Diffusion tensor imaging analysis showing regions of unique white matter changes across groups. Clusters are overlaid on the MNI standard brain (t = 2.41). Coloured voxels show regions that were significant in the analyses for p<0.05 FWE corrected. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3983067_ppat-1004070-g002_280220.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | miR-21 downregulates desmin and disrupts desmosome structures.(A) miR-21 expression reduces desmin levels during CVB3 infection. HL-1 cells were transfected and infected as indicated. Desmin, γ-catenin and β-actin were detected by WB. The intensities of the bands were measured by using ImageJ and the signal ratios were listed below. (B) miR-21 expression disrupts desmosome structure. HL-1 cells transfected with miR-CL, miR-362 or miR-21 mimics were subjected to EM analysis on desmosome number and structure. Three representative views were listed for each sample and desmosomes were indicated with black arrows. For each sample, 100 cells were analyzed and the numbers of desmosomes observed were indicated. Magnification: 37000×. Bar: 0.5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4182442_pone-0107952-g009_324316.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Morphological assessment of NHDF on hydrogels with SEM.SEM images of NHDF adherent on (a,b) alginate, (c,d) ADA70-GEL30, (e,f) ADA60-GEL40, (g,h) ADA50-GEL50, (i,j) ADA40-GEL60, and (k,l) ADA30-GEL70 after 4 days (left column) and 7 days (right column) of incubation. Black arrows and white arrows indicate filopodia and microvilli of cells, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3863984_f0035_252080.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Important brain regions identified by the fMRI classifier as differentiating the hearing impaired group (HI) from the normal hearing control group (NH). The brain regions are visualized with the xjview toolbox (http://www.alivelearn.net/xjview). Images are displayed in neurological orientation. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3101249_pone-0020339-g008_96747.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Formation of oocytes in vivo following transplantation of cell aggregates into immunodeficient mice.A. Growth under the kidney capsule (arrow) following 16 weeks of grafting. B. A follicle containing a GFP-positive oocyte (black arrow) and two follicles containing GFP-negative oocytes (white arrows). C. A follicle with a GFP-negative oocyte. D, E. Follicles containing positive oocytes (black arrows). Scale bars: B, 120 µm, C–E, 60 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4560729_Fig2_421202.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | MRI images, February 2013. Left the first nodule (suggestive of granuloma) in the lower-inner quadrant. Center the nodule at the inframammary fold, at a distance of 2 cm from the first nodule. Right the nodule in the upper-outer quadrant (suggestive of breast cancer recurrence) |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/illus_process/train_0665.jpg | What do the light green polypeptides correspond to? | cofactors |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4234994_F1_337057.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Microscopic appearance of resected tumor. (A) Left ovary: Numerous signet-ring cells with pale cytoplasm are distributed singly or in nests in a luteinized stroma (hematoxylin-eosin stain, ×400). (B) Gastric biopsy: The lamina propria contains individually infiltrating, discohesive, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells (hematoxylin-eosin stain, ×400). (C) Immunostain for β-hCG demonstrates strong diffuse cytoplasmic and membranous staining within the malignant cells (immunoperoxidase technique with DAB chromogen, ×400). (D) Immunostain for cytokeratin 7: The malignant cells are strongly immunopositive (immunoperoxidase technique with DAB chromogen, ×400) cell tissue from left ovarian cyst wall. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyedo38086ufhqs47rj.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1249.jpg | Does this image show severe body burns 24 hours anasarca? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3386964_pone-0039958-g003_143362.jpg | What is shown in this image? | MRI study of recurrence of the cyst.A: Preoperative MRI showing a cyst in sacral spinal canal.B: Postoperative MRI showing the cyst reoccurring 8 months after the operation. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3154169_F1_104850.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | MRI of the right hip; T1 sequential coronal views. The cavity surrounded by the three green arrows has decreased in size in post-treatment MRIs due to probable bone regeneration. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3518059_fig4_171501.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Lateral radiograph of L4-5 extreme lateral interbody fusion with Osteocel Plus at 12-month postoperative. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glzs54n071u2ojhbs6l.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2072.jpg | How many infarcts does this image show excellent side with shown which are several days of age from nonbacterial endocarditis? | four |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2945024_F1_74490.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Voxel placement in the different brain regions. The hippocampus (a, b), thalamus (c, d), posterior gyrus (e), and left sensorimotor (f) (red) after functional magnetic resonance imaging during finger-tapping tasks. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_61059.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Predominantly noncalcified plaque with high-grade stenosis of LAD. |
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