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splits/subfolder_4/PMC4329669_f1_358558.jpg
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Sagittal view of a CT Angiogram of the head at the level of lateral ventricle demonstrates mild proliferation of the collateral vessels extending towards the vertex.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4366039_fig0020_369459.jpg
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Representative FISH images from biopsy sections by disease state (healthy, ID and SFR). Bacterial cells (red), epithelial cells (green), epithelial cell nuclei (blue) and erythrocytes (white – autofluorescence). Stratum corneum (SC), partial stratum corneum (pSC), stratum spinosum (SS) and extracellular milieu (EM) are shown. Scale bars: 25 μm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4595416_Fig1_430309.jpg
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Pre-operative imaging. MRI scan: the dishomogeneous mass, arising from the pancreatic head (a). CT scan: no evidence of invasion of the surrounding tissues; CT venous phase: duodenal compression on the third duodenal part. (b) CT arterial phase: mass arising from the pancreatic head (c). 18F-FDG-PET-CT: moderate tracer uptake by the pancreatic lesion (d)
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4446745_nutrients-07-03166-f003_390537.jpg
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Effects of α-naphthoflavone (α-NF) on vascular tube formation in endothelial cells activated with α-NF-treated conditioned medium (CM). After full differentiation, adipocytes were incubated with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) containing 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the presence of various concentrations of α-NF for 24 h, and CM was then used to cultivate endothelial EA hy926 cells, which were grown on Matrigel-coated plates for another 24 h. Formation of tube-like structures was observed and photographed under a phase-contrast microscope after staining with acetomethoxy derivate of calcein (calcein–AM) fluorescent dye (100× magnification). Pictures are representative of three independent experiments.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gles4c3071u4ctg8u80.jpg
Where in the image is the abnormality?
Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3819794_fig1_241554.jpg
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Axial T2-W (a), sagittal T2-W (b), and DW (c) MR images. (a) A hyperintense well-defined, round, intramedullary lesion is seen spanning T3–T6 vertebral levels. (b) The hyperintense lesion demonstrates continuity with the skin surface consistent with a dorsal sinus tract. (c) There is hyperintensity of the spinal lesion on the sagittal DW image consistent with restricted water diffusion.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2390850_pone-0002327-g001_22926.jpg
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Phase contrast images of NEB-1 keratinocytes undergoing incremental uniaxial strain.Average uniaxial strain is reported in the lower left corner of each panel. Some loss of adhesion occurs at such high strains, which is why cell strain is slightly negative when the rubber substrate is returned to its relaxed state (M). Scale bar = 50 µm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4526209_fig2_412211.jpg
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The presence of hypoautofluorescent spot without hyperautofluorescent margin on FAF (e, f, g, and h) and corresponding findings on fundus photography (a, b) and SD-OCT (c, d). (a) A spot with slight discoloration presented on fundus photography. (b) A sub-RPE nodule was shown on SD-OCT, penetrating BM to lift the RPE. A hypoautofluorescent lesionwasmore distinctively shown on NIR-FAF (g) compared to SW-FAF (e). (b) Eleven weeks later, the spot became larger on fundus photography. (d) The chorioretinal nodule on SD-OCT broke through RPE and BM, reaching the OPL. (f) The hypoautofluorescent spot on SW-FAF became more distinctive, with hyperautofluorescent margin around. (h) The hypoautofluorescent spot on NIR-FAF became darker.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_62501.jpg
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6-month followup IOPA radiograph.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2887380_F6_66431.jpg
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Gag localizes near Rab7-, Rab9- and LAMP1-containing membranes at cytoplasmic and juxtanuclear sites in Staufen1-depleted cells. HeLa cells were transfected with pCMV-Rev, Gag-VN and Gag-VC with either siNS or siStaufen1 siRNAs and one of the following plasmids: (A) Rab5-RFP, (B) Rab7-RFP, (C) Rab9-RFP, (D) LAMP1-RFP or (E) Caveolin-1-RFP. At 24 hr post-transfection, the distributions of Gag-Gag BiFC and RFP fusion proteins were visualized in live cells by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The insets show zoomed boxed regions of cells to demonstrate the levels of co-localization of Gag-Gag BiFC signals with either of membrane marker proteins. White arrows identify Gag-Gag BiFC aggregates. The size bars are equal to 10 μm.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_37151.jpg
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Radiographic illustration of extrusion appliance.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4434173_fig2_387007.jpg
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(a) and (b) Preoperative X-ray; (c) preoperative CT cross section; (d) preoperative MRI sagittal; (e) and (f) postoperative radiographs; (g) and (h) radiographs after 24 months.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4667064_fig6_449498.jpg
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The fusion results of MRA and MRI.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4696717_F2_458085.jpg
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Immunohistochemical detection of WU polyomavirus viral protein 1 in respiratory tract of a child with fatal acute respiratory illness. Human lung tissue at original magnification of ×200, stained with a monoclonal antibody against WU polyomavirus viral protein 1 (designated NN-Ab06) (A, C) or an isotype control antibody (B, D). Human tracheal tissue at original magnification of ×200, stained with NN-Ab06 (E) or an isotype control antibody (F). The middle panels show insets from panels A, C, and E (dotted boxes) at higher original magnifications (×600).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_71158.jpg
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Left epididymis and testis with no pathological signs seen in scrotal ultrasonography.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4692452_f0005_456776.jpg
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Myelin/water changes inferred from quantitative multi-parametric mapping estimated by R1 in the white matter. Statistical parameter map of regions in which R1 significantly decreased with BMI adjusted for gender, age and intracranial volume (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected). This figure is thresholded at p < 0.001 uncorrected level for display purposes only and superimposed on a T1-weighted image. The color bar indicates the t score. Abbreviations: ATR, anterior thalamic radiation; CC, corpus callosum; IC, internal capsule; R1, longitudinal relaxation rate; SCR, superior corona radiata; SLF, superior longitudinal fasciculus.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3679062_pone-0066257-g002_210552.jpg
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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of biofilms upon Permanox™.Untreated P. aeruginosa biofilms (1). Extract-treated biofilms of A. colubrina – 2.5 mg/mL (2), C. leptophloeos – 1.0 mg/mL (3), and M. urundeuva – 4.0 mg/mL (4). Incubation time of 6 h (A), 24 h (B), and 48 h (C). Scale bars: 200× magnification in the images (insert of 22000× magnification). White arrows: morphological changes as stalked nubs; black arrows with white outline: matrix production; white arrows with black outline: extract material.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05924.jpg
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CT scan did not show sinus involvement and bone lysis
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05637.jpg
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Insall-Salvati ratio calculated as a ratio of tendon length (BC): patella length (AB) [22].
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4606168_fig3_433506.jpg
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HE staining of pinna 24 h after P. acnes injection. The pinnae were excised at 24 h after the P. acnes injection and evaluated histologically by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Representative images of low-power (upper panels) and high-power (middle and lower panels) fields in pinna sections are shown for saline + DW ((a), (b), and (c)), P. acnes + DW ((d), (e), and (f)), P. acnes + 0.5 g/kg jumihaidokuto (JHT) ((g), (h), and (i)), and P. acnes + 10 mg/kg prednisolone (PDN) ((j), (k), and (l)). Yellow boxes indicate the sites of each magnification, and arrows indicate macrophage-like cells. Scale bars: 100 μm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4120695_F3_311141.jpg
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Schematic illustration of dorsal and ventral hippocampus lesions. (panels Aa and Bb) Photomicrograph of a coronal section of an intact dorsal and ventral region of the hippocampus (A and B; magnification 1×, and a and b; magnification 10×). (Cc) A dHPC and (Dd) a vHPC rat. Both low and higher magnifications of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus show that all ischemic rats displayed similar tissue loss resulting from ET-1 infusion. HPC-D: dorsal hippocampus; HPC-V: ventral hippocampus.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glqs4tz071udmfo1d5m.jpg
What type of procedure is the image taken from?
Colonoscopy
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4337180_fig1_360983.jpg
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A 16-year-female with left hip subluxation associated with acetabular dysplasia and partial sacral agenesis treated with periacetabular osteotomy combined with allogeneic bone grafting. (a) Preoperative AP radiograph of the pelvis. (b) An AP radiograph obtained two years after the operation. The patient had achieved anatomical correction with an adequate bone stock in the hip joint.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4551550_Fig1_418061.jpg
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patient 1 at the age of 3 years showing a Chiari malformation type 1, ventricular enlargement, cerebral subcortical atrophy, hyperintense periventricular lesions, and hypomyelinization
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3357933_fig2_138940.jpg
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(a and b) Annular lipid infiltration in the corneal stroma of both eyes with cholesterol crystals in the paracentral area and deep corneal blood vessels from the limbus to the deposits. (c and d) Progression of the infiltration in both eyes, threatening the visual axis. (e and f) Confocal microscopy revealed crystalline structures in the stroma bilaterally.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3368273_f0010_140617.jpg
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Fate mapping of Ebf2+ cells in Ebf2GFPiCre/R26R-YFP. At E13.5 and E16.5, the transgene is expressed in the MZ, SP, CH, H, PCx, Sp and Et, but not in Th and ChP (A–F). Observation at higher magnification reveals that Ebf2 is also expressed in SP cells and neurons in the CP (G, H). At P7, YFP cells are in layer I, layer V and at the bottom of layer VI (SP cells, I). CH: cortical hem, ChP: choroid plexus, CP: cortical plate, Et: epithalamus, H: hippocampus, MZ: marginal zone, SP: subplate, Sp: septum, PCx: piriform cortex, Th: thalamus. Scale bars: (A–F, I) 100 μm, (G) 25 μm, (H) 50 μm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3817576_F1_241068.jpg
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[C2mim][OAc] pretreatment of switchgrass at 6 L scale. Images depicting (A) switchgrass straw, (B) switchgrass flour after size reduction (2 mm screen), (C) expansion and solubilization of switchgrass in [C2mim][OAc] after 3 h reaction at 160°C, (D) gel formation upon water precipitation, (E) homogenized biomass undergoing washing process and (F) recovered switchgrass.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_62624.jpg
What is shown in this image?
52- year-old foundry worker with silicosis and progressive massive fibrosis. Axial contrast enhanced computed tomography image in mediastinal window shows egg-shell calcification of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes (arrows).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4053092_F1_296805.jpg
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Histology of patient TNBC samples and corresponding patient-derived orthotopic xenografts. A. H&E staining of patient tumors; B. H&E staining of the corresponding xenograft tumors; C. ER staining of xenograft tumors; D. PR staining of xenograft tumors; and E. HER2 staining of xenograft tumors. Pictures were taken with 200× magnification. The scale bar is 100 μm in length. ER, estrogen receptor; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; PR, progesterone receptor.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_40901.jpg
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Coronal multiplanar reformat from a CT scan showing a 1.5 cm saccular pseudoaneurysm arising from the distal splenic artery, invaginating into the tail of the pancreas. There are small splenic infarcts from mural thrombus in the pseudoaneurysm embolizing to the spleen.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27819.jpg
what is most alarming about this ultrasound?
gallbladder polyp
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4533939_Fig4_413989.jpg
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Confocal microscopy images of EMT-6 cells cultured under (a–d) normoxic and (g–j) hypoxic conditions using primary anti-lysyl oxidase (anti-LOX) monoclonal antibody (mAb) and a secondary Alexa Fluor 488 mAb. Cell nuclei were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Control experiments in which (e, k) only the primary LOX mAb and (f, l) only secondary Alexa Fluor 488 mAb were used are shown
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01608.jpg
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Low-dose prospectively gated multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) right ventriculogram, showing a QPV, a patent foramen ovale, and a normal right ventricular volume.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4623688_F3_438005.jpg
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Changes in Al distribution (green) and vesicle trafficking (red) in recovery treatments. Five-day-old seedlings of WT or OX1 were pre-stained with 5 μM FM 4–64 for 30min and then transferred to Al or Al-Ca treatments (see Materials and methods). Roots were transversely sectioned at 0.5mm from the apexes for morin staining and observation. (This figure is available in colour at JXB online.)
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3899303_pone-0086698-g006_260765.jpg
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RhoB influences Ad5wt intracellular trafficking.Confocal microscopy of attachment and internalization of fluorescently labeled Ad5wt at MOI 4×104 pp/cell in HEp2 and CK2 cells. Cells were incubated with Alexa Fluor 488-labeled virions for 60 minutes on ice. Unbound virus was removed and cells were either fixed to measure attachment or fed with fresh medium and incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes before fixation to allow virus internalization. Overlay of virus (green), nucleus stained with DRAQ5 (blue) and phase-contrast is shown. Scale bar presents 20 µm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3112085_F2_98579.jpg
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Magnetic resonance images. MRI show an asymmetric frontotemporal atrophy on transversal scans in case 1 (left, FLAIR sequence), case 2 (middle, T2 sequence), and case 3 (right, FLAIR sequence). In inboxes a relatively preserved brain stem is demonstrated on sagittal sections.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3880274_pone-0084351-g005_256362.jpg
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Estimated distributed source activity underlying the ERPs of interest.Source estimations are plotted on the medial and ventral surfaces of the brain in real space (i.e., image left  =  anatomical left). (A) Sources of the preparatory MFN, measured 488 ms after the onset of the preview display. (B and C) Sources of the No-Go N2 and P3, measured 268 ms and 392 ms after the onset of the Go/No-Go signal. (D and E) Sources of the error related negativity and error positivity (ERN/Ne and Pe), measured 96 ms and 348 ms after the onset of the end-of-trial response event.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3407736_F1_147308.jpg
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Abdominal computed tomography on the third postoperative day. A CT scan demonstrated that subcutaneous fluid had collected adjacent to the surgical wound and that the colon had become slightly distended and showed no wall thickening.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4445784_Fig6_390094.jpg
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Detection of relaxin in boar epididymis and vas deferens. Relaxin (green fluorescence) is detected in the epididymal caput (a), corpus (b), and cauda (c). Detection is also found in the proximal (d), middle (e), and distal (f) sections of the vas deferens. Signals are usually found in the basal cells (white arrows) and lumen of all epididymal and vas deferens sections, in the vicinity of spermatozoa (white arrow heads). Red arrows indicate relaxin signals found in the blood vessels. Nuclei are counter-stained in blue. Ar = Fluorescence artefact area; SLM = Smooth Longitudinal Muscle; SCM = Smooth Circular Muscle; 200× magnification
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2667524_F5_37136.jpg
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Fluorescence micrographs of rat uteri after intrauterine administration of FITC-ODNs. (A) The uterine horn treated with FITC- ODNs (either sense or antisense) displaying high level of fluorescence only in the luminal epithelium 2.5 hours after administration. (B) 48 hours later, a moderate fluorescence in the stromal compartment was observed after treatment with FITC- ODNs (either sense or antisense). (C) Uterine horn treated with unlabeled control A-ODNs displaying no fluorescence. le, luminal epithelium; s, stroma. Bar = 100 μm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4477114_fig6_398986.jpg
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Upper: the IC18 in the control group (a) and depression group. (b) Lower: the regions within IC18 that revealed significantly increased activity in the depressed patients than controls (c) and in the actively depressed patients than the remitted patients (d) (Z > 2.3, P < 0.05 with cluster correction).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2556313_F1_28216.jpg
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Morphological grading of squamous cells from the buccal mucosa. A: Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa. N = 10. HE stain. Original magnification 200×. B: Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa. N = 10. HE stain. Original magnification 400×. C: Undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa. N = 10. HE stain. Original magnification 400×.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4389211_f2_375963.jpg
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Material characterization.SEM micrograph of (a) acid-treated MoS2 show stacked sheets with lateral dimension of 2 μm to 5 μm. (b) SEM image of SiCN/MoS2 and (c) its corresponding EDX map show presence of Mo (blue), Si (Green) and C (red) distributed in the composite. (d,e) TEM images of SiCN/MoS2 sheet composite show intact morphology of MoS2 sheets after pyrolysis. The SAED pattern in the insert corresponds to crystalline MoS2. SEM images of SiCN/MoS2 freestanding paper (f) cross-section, (g) top view and (h) corresponding EDX map. The insert in Figure (f) is an optical photograph of SiCN/MoS2 freestanding and flexible paper.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2934725_F0002_72888.jpg
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OCT scan images of the right macula, A) at presentation, B) 3/12 after presentation, just prior to first intravitreal bevacizumab injection, C) 2/52 post first intravitreal bevacizumab injection, D) 6/12 after presentation, just prior to second intravitreal bevacizumab injection, E) 2/52 post second intravitreal bevacizumab injection. All OCT scans were taken in the same scale and orientation (vertically and passing through the fovea)
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3702998_f0015_216134.jpg
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Stimulus localiser activated visual areas in both hemispheres. (a) Activations due to stimulation of the left visual field were confined to the right hemisphere. Images are displayed at p<0.001, uncorrected for illustration purpose. (b) Activations due to stimulation of the right visual field were confined to the left hemisphere and showed much less distributed pattern. Images are displayed at p<0.01, uncorrected for illustration purpose.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/illus_drawing/train_0087.jpg
Does sectioned surface of the parotid gland show lobules of grey-white circumscribed tumour having semitranslucent parenchyma?
yes
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvb90ek074y8kpm7948.jpg
Is there text?
No
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3414549_F1_148882.jpg
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(A) Chest x-rays showing interstitial bilateral infiltrates. (B) High-resolution computed tomography scan showing bilateral ground-glass opacities. (C, D) Bronchoalveolar lavage with multiple Strongyloides stercoralis rhabditiform larvae.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4699232_marinedrugs-13-07058-f002_458678.jpg
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Effect of TDA on microtubule organization and mitochondrial integrity. Cells were subjected to 0.3 µg/mL TDA for 24 h. Subsequently, cells were incubated for 30 min with MitoTrackerRed, fixed with methanol and subjected to indirect immunofluorescence using antibodies against α-tubulin (green). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Co, untreated control incubated with the solvent DMSO only. Lower panel, OLN-93 cells shown at a higher magnification. Scale bars: 20 µm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4363549_fig1_368531.jpg
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Patient with H-EGFR (a) and L-Beclin1 (b) pattern of protein expression in a GB. The arrows indicate the endothelium of vessels, negative for EGFR (a) and positive for Beclin1 (b) Immunohistochemistry, diaminobenzidine, original magnification ×200. The MRI T1-sequence with gadolinium (c) shows a multifocal GB with a left temporal (white arrow) and a parietooccipital lesion (red arrow).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4463605_ijms-16-09573-f004_395319.jpg
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In vivo MRI images and histologic results. (Top panel) T2 weighted images of LNCaP tumor (arrow) pre-injection, different time point post-injection of polypeptide-SPIONs (Fe3O4, 0.240 mg/mL) and corresponding Prussian blue staining results (×100); (Middle panel) T2 weighted images of LNCaP tumor (arrow) pre-injection, different time point post-injection of non-targeted SPIONs (Fe3O4, 0.240 mg/mL) and corresponding Prussian blue staining results (×100); (Bottom panel) T2 weighted images of PC3 tumor (arrow) pre-injection, different time point post-injection of polypeptide-SPIONs (Fe3O4, 0.240 mg/mL) and corresponding Prussian blue staining results (×100).
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3549280_F5_180061.jpg
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Sub-cellular localization of Rheb on ER. A) HEK293 cells; B) HeLa cells were transiently transfected with EGFP-Rheb. Twenty-four hours following transfection cells were stained with 1 μM ER Tracker red and live cells analyzed by confocal microscopy. The images reveal that Rheb localizes to the ER Bar 8 μm.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glgs4fz071ucke45065.jpg
Where in the image is the abnormality?
Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic49029.jpg
in what plane is this image oriented?
axial
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2294.jpg
What does this image show?
oil wrights good photo blast cells
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4443887_fig3_389325.jpg
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MRI of the left elbow reveals a large effusion between the humerus and olecranon process of the ulna on axial view and cellulitis and myositis on coronal view. Osteomyelitis was not detected.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2919396_pntd-0000797-g006_71035.jpg
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Chronic inflammatory infiltrate, tissue fibrosis and parasite burden were arrested inTcVac2-immunized/infected mice.Heart tissue and skeletal muscle were harvested at 120 dpi (chronic phase) and subjected to H&E (A) or Masson's Trichrome (B) staining (magnification: 20X). The intense blue color (Fig. 6B) shows the collagen deposition (fibrotic area). (C) Real time PCR amplification of T. cruzi 18SrDNA (as in Fig. 5C).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4160288_pone-0107591-g004_319470.jpg
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Dendrite identification and length measurements.(A) Main window in RECONSTRUCT. The tool panel can be seen in the upper right corner. The red rectangle indicates the dendritic segment chosen for analysis in this example. (B) Zoomed in image of the chosen dendritic segment. The ‘Draw Line’ tool has been selected to create the straight length measurement (∼10 µm) for this segment, with ‘start’ and ‘stop’ positions indicated. (C) The ‘Draw Z-Trace’ tool must be used to measure the Z-length of the dendritic segment. The ‘start’ and ‘stop’ positions created in B are used to guide the Z-trace.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3782247_F1_233266.jpg
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Panoramic radiography demonstrating: A) First and second right maxillary molars probably responsible for the cyst-like lesion appearing at their apices, B) Gutta-percha used for tracing the course of sinus tract showing occluso-apical dimension of the lesion which was not detected in periapical view, and C) Complete healing of the lesion 9 months after root canal therapy and permanent restoration
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3143143_pone-0022428-g006_103464.jpg
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FLN-1 and FLN-2 ABD mediates co-localization with actin in vivo.(A) Diagrams of ABD::GFP constructs used. (B, E, H and K) Body-wall muscle cells are stained for F-actin with phalloidin. (C,F,I and L) VAB-10, FLN-1, FLN-2, and FLN-2* (CH1 and CH2) ABDs fused to GFP, and expressed in muscle cells. (D, G, J and M) Merged F-actin and GFP images show co-localization. Scale bar indicates 5 µm.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_68318.jpg
Summarize the visual content of the image.
Lateral radiograph: postoperative.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic38248.jpg
in what plane is this image taken?
axial
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4695041_F1_457506.jpg
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TUDCA prevents the development of HCC during carcinogen exposureA. Representative images of livers treated for 25 weeks with the indicated treatments. B. Quantitative analysis of the tumor burden as assessed by C. Reticulin staining. Scale bar: 100 μm. D. 18F-Choline positron emission tomography was performed to visualize cell membrane synthesis after the indicated treatments (blue: low, red: high activity). E. Quantification of 18F-Choline positron emission tomography. Standardized uptake values of the mouse livers are presented as the mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA was applied for statistical analysis. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3970253_fig2_277544.jpg
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Corresponding FLAIR MRIs one day ((a), (c)) and seven days ((b), (d)) after admission. Signal abnormalities in bilateral thalami (a) and interval improvement (b). Signal abnormalities involving the hypothalamus (c), periaqueductal gray matter (c), and interval improvement (d).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2987803_pone-0014046-g002_78805.jpg
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gas1p and gas2p localize to the cell periphery.(A) Localization of YFP-gas1p and gas2-GFP in a wild-type strain. Wild-type cells carrying YFP-gas1p on a plasmid under the control of its own promoter (pMMR18) or carrying gas2p-GFP at the gas2+ locus were grown to early-log phase. Images of cells stained with Calcofluor White (CW) and the fluorescence (YFP-gas1p or gas2-GFP) are shown. Scale bars, 10 µm. (B) gas1p localizes as a disc to the nascent septum, whereas gas2p remains at the septum edging during its synthesis. Scale bars, 5 µm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2430011_fig4_24358.jpg
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PET-CT fusion imaging. (a) Residual uptake in the peritoneal implants after 2 cycles of therapy, SUV 3. (b) No evidence of FDG avid disease after cytoreductive therapy. (c) Relapse in the perihepatic space including dome of the liver (SUV 2.8) and retroperitoneal nodes (SUV 5).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_52642.jpg
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Changes of early fat necrosis (blue arrow) on the first post-operative CT scan 29/7/2013 with mass effect upon the urinary bladder.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3008670_pone-0015047-g007_81942.jpg
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A transgenic fish expressing GFP under the 1.8 Kb zebrafish prep1.1 promoter recapitulates the expression of the endogenous gene during embryogenesis.A–F: live Tg(-1.8pknox1.1:eGFP)io009 embryos of three different developmental stages (indicated) visualized by confocal (A) or fluorescence microscopy (D, F). Embryos in B, C and E are the same of A, D and F respectively, visualized in transmission (A) and bright field (C, E). G, H, I: In situ hybridization of embryos at the same stage of development with the pknox1.1 antisense RNA-probe, shown in lateral view.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3841126_pone-0081830-g009_246230.jpg
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I?oncalensis tracks in the Los Tormos tracksite.A) Sketch map of the Los Tormos tracksite. B) Picture and photogrammetric 3D depth analysis model of the best-preserved track LTR0.32. C) Picture of part of trackway LTR5. D-E) Pictures of tracks LTR5.6 and LTR5.7. Note in LTR5.7 the two different layers where the track is impressed. Scale depth in the model in mm. Scale bar = 50 cm (A) and 5 cm (B). Scale (card) = 8 cm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2694366_pone-0005986-g001_39785.jpg
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Three-dimensional visualization of the ROI.(a) Color gradation due to the different BMD range 2500–3200 mg/cm3 of hydroxyapatite of the untreated sample. (b, c) BMD range 2500–2600 mg/cm3 mineral within the ROI of the sample and after exposure to hydrogen peroxide with an energizing source. (d, e) Preferential mineralization of the deeper region (BMD range 2500–2600 mg/cm3) of treated enamel was generated after exposure to artificial saliva for 1 d. (f) Enhanced mineralization was seen in the outer portion (BMD range 2900–3200 mg/cm3) of the treated sample submerged in artificial saliva for 1 wk; 255-colour gradation of different BMD was assigned according to intensity.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvs915w074y3ywaa0md.jpg
What type of procedure is the image taken from?
Gastroscopy
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3324466_pone-0035299-g009_133675.jpg
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Comparison of existing and current models of the sino atrial node.Existing model of the SAN in rabbit (modified from Dobrzynski et al. 2005) constructed from immunohistochemically stained sections (A,C), superimposed onto a schematic representation of the heart showing the SAN epicardial position (A), and its relationship with the myocardium on the endocardial surface (C). Volume rendering of the current model in rabbit of the SAN, showing its true position on the epicardial (B) and endocardial (D) surfaces. Ao- Aorta, CS- coronary sinus, IVC- inferior vena cava, PA- pulmonary artery, PM- pectinate muscle, PV- pulmonary veins, RA- right atrium, SAN- sinoatrial node, SANP- sinoatrial node periphery, SVC- superior vena cava.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3851284_F13_248759.jpg
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Histological observations of mice injected with different micelles. Saline-treated mice served as controls. The lung was observed under 200× magnifications, and other samples were observed under 400× magnifications. Black arrows indicate widened alveolar septum. The black circle indicates widened cytoplasm, lightly stained and highly loose areas in liver.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4312048_pone.0116647.g001_354075.jpg
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Three-dimensional reconstructed images of S. mutans biofilm stained with calcein-AM and rhodamine-B.Three-dimensional reconstructed images of disinfected 72-h structure (A: control) and 4-h secondary biofilm on 72-h structure (B). Fresh planktonic S. mutans cells flowed into the completely disinfected 72-h biofilm structure for 4 h. Viable bacteria were stained green by calcein fluorescence (white arrow), and appeared to get caught in upstream edges of disinfected biofilm clusters.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4345265_fig2_363269.jpg
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Hepoxilin A3 induces NETosis. Four hours after stimulation with either vehicle or HxA3, cells were fixed and stained for immunofluorescence analysis. Cells were stained for DNA (green) and MPO (red) after activation with HxA3 (5 μg/mL). Images are representative of 3 independent experiments.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0055.jpg
Are the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles surrounding the coal macule arranged in sheets, cords or aggregates and at places form pseudorosettes?
no
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4645184_f6_443916.jpg
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Immunofluorescence analysis of YAP in stellate cells of human PDAC tissues.(A) YAP (red) and α-SMA (green), and DAPI (blue). Note that YAP can be detected in both the cancer cells and the stromal cells. Magnification: 20 x. (B) Image of PDAC tissue stained in the same way as in (A), showing a field predominantly of stellate cells. Magnification: 63x.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic30359.jpg
which plane is this image taken?
frontal
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4523261_F2_411440.jpg
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Shorty bridge case. A) Intraoral radiographs of shorty bridge after a mean period of 47.72 months of follow-up. B) Clinical photograph of a shorty bridge.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3565331_f14-ijms-14-01477_183998.jpg
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Comparison in the indirect immunodetection of FR-α. Cryocuts from nasal cavities (a,b) and mice trachea (c,d) were labeled or not with FR-α goat antibody (b and d). Red corresponds to Iodure propidium nuclei counter-staining. Bars = 200 μm.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_24453.jpg
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Anteroposterior radiograph of a right hip. An os acetabulum (arrows) is present, and although the cause is variable, it is often associated with femoroacetabular impingement.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1665399_f2-ehp0114-001697_7858.jpg
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Accumulation of 39.4-nm fluorescent particles in yolk of larval ST II medaka. Fertilized ST II eggs were exposed to 1 mg/L of nanoparticle ERM solution for 3 days, then moved to fresh, clean ERM until hatch. In the control, auto-fluorescence is detected from the gallbladder (white arrowhead) of the larva and slightly from the yolk area: (A) overlapped image; (B) fluorescence image. In the exposed larva obvious fluorescence is detected from the gallbladder (closed arrowhead) and yolk area: (C) overlapped image; (D) fluorescence image. Short arrows indicate liver. Long arrows indicate left duct of Cuvier. Exposure time for a fluorescence image capture was 200 msec.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4244549_Fig6_339227.jpg
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(Case 2: T-cell lymphoma). FDG-PET images of the whole body and brain. Whole-body FDG-PET showed a high uptake in the systemic lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow (a). Brain FDG images demonstrated a reduction in glucose metabolism in the bilateral parieto-occipital regions (b–d). MRI showed no abnormalities in the brain (e)
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3034911_fig2_86521.jpg
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MRI showing the 10 cm well-circumscribed rounded mass lesion which demonstrated a benign enhancement pattern after intravenous Gadolinium.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4418739_pone.0125423.g003_383124.jpg
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Effect of milk diets on prostate tumor histopathology.Histological analysis of dorsal prostate in Pb-Prl (A) and KIMAP mice (B) after respectively 27- or 15-week milk diets, as compared to control (water) group. For each model, images are representative of the group (n = 10 mice per group). Sections were stained with haematoxylin/eosin (HE) and for both models, upper pictures correspond to images x4.3 magnification (scale stands for 500μm) and lower pictures correspond to images with higher magnification, x28 (scale stands for 50μm). L, lumen of the glands.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1716167_F1_7997.jpg
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Fistula injection with small bowel follow-through demonstrating distal obstruction of small bowel.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4470234_jcm-02-00151-f001_397592.jpg
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Standard X-ray examples of bone changes detectable in women with breast cancer: Osteoporosis of head femoral areas (a), pathological fracture of proximal third of the right humerus due to a large lytic lesion (b) and blastic bone infiltration of right hemipelvis (c).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_47392.jpg
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post- operative radiograph of Fig. (3) showing excess nail length outside the cortices.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34280.jpg
what is the organ system in this image?
spine and contents
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3579993_Fig16_187326.jpg
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Thymic lymphoid hyperplasia in a 41-year-old woman with clinical diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Non-contrast-enhanced CT scan shows an enlarged thymic gland (arrows) without mass effect on adjacent structures
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4181903_fig3_324233.jpg
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Workflow of image preprocessing step, (a) original ultrasound image, (b) image after cropping operation, (c) image after edge detection, and (d) image after background subtraction.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3560431_F5_182789.jpg
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Electrical stimulation inducing nuclear abnormality in cardiomyocytes derived from LMNAR225X/WT &LMNAFrameshift/WT iPSCs(A) Representative immunofluorescence staining of cardiomyocytes derived from LMNAWT/WT iPSCs, LMNAR225X/WT iPSCs, LMNAFrameshift/WT iPSCs, LMNAWT/WT iPSCs treated with mock shRNA, and LMNAWT/WT iPSCs treated with shLMNA at baseline and after electrical stimulation. (B) The percentage of cardiomyocytes showed nuclear blebs.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4586547_nutrients-07-05352-f002_427999.jpg
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Immunodetection of GPR109a in jejunum of 10-week-old m+/db mice (A) and 10-week-old db/db mice (D). (B,E) are the nuclear DAPI staining of (A,D) respectively; (C,F) are their corresponding merged images. Higher magnification of niacin receptor staining of m+/db (G) and db/db (H); (I) shows jejunal sections prepared in the absence of primary antibodies (negative control). Immunodetection of niacin receptor in Caco-2 cells grown in 5.6 mM (J) and 25.2 mM glucose (M); (K,N) show nuclear 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of (J) and (M) respectively; (L,O) are the corresponding merged images.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3965951_fig3_276679.jpg
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Immunohistochemical examination revealed medullary thyroid carcinoma calcitonin 200x.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3784461_pone-0075546-g002_233932.jpg
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Macroscopic appearance of one representative case of urolithiasis in the MSG group (a).Virtual scanning of H&E kidney sections of MSG treated animal with moderate hydronephrosis (5x) in 9 months (b). Crystal in the kidney tissue under dark field illumination with polarized microscope (Olympus BX51) in 9 months MSG-treated animal (200X) (c). H&E staining revealed the hyaline casts including the flattening of the tubular epithelium in both control (d) and MSG-treated tissues (e) (100x).
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4369691_f1_370430.jpg
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Radiographs and histological findings for infarcted femoral heads.Micro-CT scan images of infarcted femoral heads by groups. Femoral heads showed significantly lower trabecular bone in the HFD-AVN and HFD-AVN-LacZ groups compared with the NCD-AVN group; the trabecular networks were preserved in the HFD-AVN-Leptin group. ROIs (solid red lines) of groups were cross-sectional areas of the middle of femoral heads (dotted red lines).
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qq1f4b08323ks0c6ob.jpg
What type of procedure is the image taken from?
Colonoscopy
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_64552.jpg
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Thrombosed right internal jugular vein
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01859.jpg
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Tomodensitométrie Abdominale, coupe axiale: kyste hydatique du foie type I de siège postérieur droit. La veine cave inférieure est comprimée et partiellement thrombosée
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2684361_F0001_38742.jpg
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(A) Intravenous urography showing lower ureteric stricture (arrow head). (B) Cystogram showing thimble bladder with massive vesicoureric reflux