image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_3/PMC4546255_Fig1_416653.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | HSC-T6 cell morphology when cultured on different ECM proteins. Cells were imaged 24 h post seeding at 400× magnification. Enhanced using the one step Photo Fix function on Jasc Paint Shop Pro V 9.00. a non-coated, b gelatin, c collagen I, d collagen IV, e fibronectin and f laminin |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3151228_F2_104487.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Panoramic radiograph showing generalized bone loss throughout the dentition. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4350846_pone.0119227.g003_364337.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Presence of pericytes, viable cells, and proliferative cells in angiogenic microvascular networks.A–C) NG2 positive pericytes along BSI-lectin positive microvessels on day 3 post culture with 10% serum. Arrowheads show NG2+ pericytes. D–F) Live/Dead labeling of microvessels on day 3 post culture with 10% serum. Live and dead cells were identified by positive Calcein-AM and Eth-D labeling, respectively. Arrowheads indicate the Calcein-AM+ newly formed sprouts and connections within the network. G–I) BrdU positive cells along BSI-lectin positive microvessels on day 3 post culture with 10% serum. Proliferation of endothelial cells is supported by the observation of elongated nuclei within the lectin positive vessels (arrowheads). Scale bars = 20μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4265988_F3_344665.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | MR angiography illustrating the aneurysm (an) and anatomical landmarks (tr = trachea, sc = spinal cord). A supporting gel block (cross) allows correct positioning of the rabbits. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4238990_pntd-0003295-g006_338183.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Germinal center necrosis following infection with YFV-DakH1279.(A, B) H&E staining showing healthy lymphocytic elements in the germinal centers of spleens from a surviving animal (A) and germinal necrosis in spleen of one that required euthanasia (B) Tangible body macrophage (1) and apoptosis (2) are indicated in panel B. (C, D) Histological examination of YFV antigen in spleen of a surviving animal (C) and one requiring euthanasia (D) show no viral antigen. (E–H) Histological staining for CD20 (E-survivor, F-euthanized) and CD3 antigens (G-survivor, H-euthanized). All slides were acquired at 200× magnification. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_56593.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Selective injection in the right common carotid artery on digital subtraction angiography showing exclusive termination of the right internal carotid artery into the ophthalmic artery with no contribution to cerebral circulation. The external carotid artery is also not providing any collateral contribution to the cerebral vascular supply. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic56618.jpg | what type of imaging was used? | cta - ct angiography |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2387171_F6_22845.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | RACK1 in human melanoma metastasis. Confocal microscopy analysis of double labelling of RACK1 protein (green fluorescence) and MITF (red fluorescence). (A, B) Melanoma metastasis in lymph node. (C, D) Melanoma metastasis in liver. High levels of RACK1 are seen in the cytoplasm of all metastatic human melanocytes. Sections are from 4 different patients. Nuclear counterstaining is shown in blue in D. Bar = 10 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qc1enz08323ez56fwp.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4578611_Fig2_425579.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Macroscopic fat containing E-AML in a 62-year-old woman. Non-contrast axial CT image (a) demonstrates a slight hyper-density mass in the right kidney with abundance of fat and large amounts of soft tissue. Contrast-enhanced CT image of venous phase (b) and coronal reconstruction image of delayed-phase (c) demonstrate heterogeneous enhancement |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_37491.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Panoramic radiograph shows bilateral multilocular ZACDs (arrows) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3575607_F7_186340.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Distribution patterns of vesicular transporter 2 (VGluT2) and Calretinin in the caudomedial NAc shell. Distribution of VGluT2 (red) (A) or calretinin (red) (B) and GFP (cyan) fluorescence in the NAc of Drd2-EGFP, Drd3-Cre/Rosa26:loxP and Adora2a-Cre/Rosa26:loxP double transgenic mice. Images are single confocal sections. Yellow asterisk indicates the D2R-expressing MSNs-poor zone. Yellow arrowheads indicate the bundle-shaped area. Scale bar: 250 μm. v, ventricles. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4113349_pone-0103350-g005_309136.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | TEM photograph of the integument of M. matsumurae.(A) 2nd-instar nymph, scale bar = 2 µm; (B) male 3rd-instar nymph, scale bar = 1 µm; (C) prepuae, scale bar = 1 µm; (D) adult female. scale bar = 1 µm. Note: arrow points to the epicuticle, pr- procuticle. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4409406_fig02_380812.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Marked Asellus specimen (A), the experimental setup (B), the resulting observation under UV light illumination (C), and extracted path representation (D). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3598936_F1_192112.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | A-B) Computed tomography scan shows the infected prosthesis surrounded by multiple leveled hyperdense fluid (arrows) C) Methyl-methacrylate plate after removal; D) Intraoperative finding after prosthesis removal. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl3s3tb071ue9wz6a16.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3930421_fig01_268374.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Identification of cardiac atrial and ventricular telocytes (TCs). Immunofluorescent staining for anti-CD34 (red), c-kit (red) and vimentin (green) demonstrated cells with very small cell bodies (∼1:1 ratio cytoplasm to nucleus) and extremely long and thin cellular processes of telopode (Tp) scattered among atrial and ventricular fibroblasts (Fb). TC: telocyte; Fb: cardiac fibroblast; Tp: telopode. Scale bar corresponds to 10 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_skull/train_1233.jpg | Is rheumatoid arthritis present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3224536_F2_116994.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Sagittal T2-weighted MRI scan showing an abnormally high signal of the spinal cord extending from C3 down to the lower end plate of C5. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_36392.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Ultrasound examination of the same patient in Fig. 1, showing a displaced fracture of the distal physis. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1525169_F19_6343.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Case 57, prostate biopsy. The study pathologists disagreed about this focus. Opinions ranged from benign to suspicious to outright cancer. Special stains were non-contributory. After discussion, it was agreed that cancer could not be definitively diagnosed. This turned out to be consistent with the signed report. The area is slightly out of focus. Figure 18 shows a lower power view. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05324.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | 7.5 MHz radial endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) image of a hypoechoic, solid-appearing lesion felt to be a malignant lymph node on EUS. Fine needle aspiration revealed bronchogenic elements consistent with a benign bronchogenic duplication cyst |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4674198_F4_452381.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Curved planar reformatted coronary CT angiography (CCTA) shows multiple calcified plaques at the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) in a 75-year-old man. Significant stenosis due to severe calcification was noticed at LAD and LCx with 88% and 68%, 73% and 70%, and 87% and 74% stenoses, corresponding to CCTA-O, CCTA-S, and CCTA_OS, respectively (A–C). Invasive coronary angiography confirms 28% and 45% stenoses at LAD and LCx (D). Long and short arrows refer to the stenosis at LAD and LCx, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2374723_F5_22043.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Spindle defects observed for RNAi phenotypes using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Cells transfected with single (double-stranded) small interfering RNA targeting (a) KIAA1604, (b) KIAA1569/Cep192, (c) FLJ10460/Cep27, (d) SON, (e) KIAA1160, (f) FLJ13111/CENP-T, (g) SMU-1, (h) C18orf24/SKA1, and (i) negative control. Cells were stained for α-tubulin (green), phospho-histone H3 (pHis; blue), and the CREST protein (red). Scale bar represents 5 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2997.jpg | Is intraductal papillomatosis with apocrine metaplasia present? | no |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05423.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | CT neck of the neck with contrast, prior to treatment, demonstrates a submucosal irregularity that was ultimately biopsied and diagnosed as recurrent squamous cell carcinoma. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2837861_F8_59056.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | MR examination of the left foot with torn tibialis posterior muscle tendon. Left picture shows the frontal section of the left foot and on the right a sagittal section of it. The torn tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle (TP) is highlighted by the arrows. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4620493_f1_437396.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | von Kossa staining of human kidney tissues.Kidney tissues were processed for von Kossa staining as described in Methods. Positive staining was based on the observation of black precipitates under optical microscopy (black arrows). Tissues in (A,B) consist of healthy controls; (C,D) correspond to patients with end-stage kidney disease; (E–T) tissues from renal cancer patients. Tissues from two additional cases of renal cancer are shown in Fig. 2. Scale bars: 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2672922_F2_37720.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | displays the expression of GFP in HCT116 cells 48 h after transfected by Ad-GFP with different MOIs under fluorescent microscope at 200× magnification. The number of GFP-expressing cells increases in a MOI-dependent manner. When the MOI is more than 20, the infected cells still display bright green fluorescence, but their morphologies changes dramatically with less vigorously growing. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC533873_F3_762.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Major tissues of expression for C36B1.12. (A) Fluorescence micrograph of an L4 larvae hermaphrodite carrying a transcriptional fusion between gfp and a putative promoter of C36B1.12 expressed in neurons in the head. (C) Fluorescence micrograph of a young adult hermaphrodite carrying the same construct expressed in intestine. The observed intestinal expression is mostly located to posterior intestinal nuclei and is more prominent in younger worms. (B and D) Corresponding DIC images. Scale bars, 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2494609_pgen-1000158-g007_26212.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Subcellular Localization of Mutant Forms of PBG.Confocal microscopic observation of GFP fluorescence in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. Hypocotyl epidermal cells of 3-day-old seedlings were observed. Dark-grown seedlings (upper), those treated with cW for 2 min (middle) and those treated with cR for 24 hr (lower) are shown. The bar indicates 10 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_64090.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Color Doppler ultrasound image of the abdomen demonstrates a complex cystic mass of unclear organ of origin. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv990a0074y0w7a0rzf.jpg | Where in the image is the anatomical landmark? | Center, Upper-center, Lower-center |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic33033.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | non-pathologic age-related changes in the pa and lateral cxr |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxve90kw074y3tymbify.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3851705_Fig1_248850.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was detected in the middle thoracic esophagus (a, b). Contrast-enhanced CT showed the multiple para-aortic lymph node metastases and cardiac right ventricle metastasis (c
d). FDG-PET showed multiple high accumulations of FDG (shows SUV counts) (e) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4636353_pone.0142311.g003_442057.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | SEM micrographs of non-carious sclerotic dentin in all groups.(A) The control group without any treatment; (B) Adper Easy One adhesive treatment; (C) Diamond bur polishing followed by Adper Easy One adhesive application; (D, E, F, G, H, and I) Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at 1W, 2W, 3W, 4W, 5W, and 6 W, respectively, and followed by Adper Easy One adhesive application. (magnification, 5000×). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4232601_pone-0113143-g008_336368.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Histological stabilization of NP-based formulation.Histological photomicrographs of AD-like skin lesions of NC/Nga mice treated with NP-based formulations compared to normal/baseline mice and treatment groups. The wavy fibers, which were stained black with VVG, represent elastic fibers. Photomicrographs were imaged under ×400-µm magnification. AD, atopic dermatitis; NPs, nanoparticles; VVG, Verhoeff-Van Giesen. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3271077_ppat-1002523-g001_124367.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | HEK293T Cells expressing HopZ1a have altered morphology.(A) HEK293T cells were transiently transfected with TAP-tagged HopZ1a and HopZ1a (C216A) for 24 h, followed by imaging of the transfected and untransfected cells. Arrows indicate cytoplasmic projections. (B) Immunoblot analysis of HEK293T cells transiently transfected with TAP-tagged HopZ1a and HopZ1a (C216A) with anti-HA antibody. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4495929_pone.0131206.g001_404372.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Photograph of the Bunopithecus sericus specimen (AMNH 18534) represented by a left mandibular fragment with M2-3.A) Lateral (buccal) view. B) Medial (lingual) view. C) Occlusal view (lingual to the right). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvl90wg074y8dnf1glw.jpg | Is there text? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3605086_F3_193634.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Choroidal biopsy reveals noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. H & E-stained slides demonstrate diffuse inflammation expanding fragments of choroid, ×40 (A). ×200 magnification reveals dense infiltration of benign-appearing lymphocytes surrounding histiocytic clusters (B) which, at higher power (×400), are well circumscribed (C) and contain rare multinucleated giant cells, ×600 (D). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3913696_pone-0087810-g003_263991.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Histology analyze of DSS-induced colitis in mice.(A) Paraffin embedded colon sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for light microscopic assessment of epithelial damage of colitis mice, n = 3. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2843668_F2_60019.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunohistochemical expression of EIF2C1, EIF2C2, EIF2C3 and EIF2C4 in colon cancer and adjacent non-cancer tissue. In colon cancer tissue EIF2C1-4 expression was often stronger in the cytoplasm compared with adjacent non-cancer tissue (A, B, C, D). Adjacent non-cancer tissue is detected with very weak EIF2C1-4 expression in the cytoplasm (E, F, G, H). Magnifications: ×200. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3883464_F2_257049.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT). Abdominal CT revealed a hypovascular tumor with massive calcification, measuring 2.5 × 2.3 cm, in the upper pole of the right kidney (arrow). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0973.jpg | What does the field show? | microacini of small malignant cells infiltrating the prostatic stroma |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3564573_F2_183763.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | A. Lesional cells are perivascular and consist of polygonal and oval/spindle cells with amphophilic cytoplasm. (H + E, original magnification 200 ×); B. Lesional cells show focal staining with antibody to HMB 45 antigen; C. Lesional cells show staining with antibody to estrogen receptors; D. Lesional cells show staining with antibody to progesterone receptors. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3174135_pone-0023914-g001_108715.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Representative histopathological features of lungs ventilated with different strategies.Panel A: spontaneous breathing healthy lung; panel B: mechanical ventilation for 4 h at low VT; panel C: mechanical ventilation for 4 h at high VT. Animals ventilated with high VT had abundant pulmonary infiltrates, perivascular edema, alveolar hemorrhage and thickening of alveolar walls. Blue staining reveals deposition of fibrous collagen (Masson-Goldner, ×200 magnifications). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwykdo7o086u1gci24yy.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4274904_F9_346364.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Evaluation of DANI on Patient 4 with right MTLE. Results are presenting most salient stability changes observed in Cmapn followed by a t-map of the BOLD response to epileptic discharges and a postsurgical FLAIR MRI, all resampled in the native anatomical MRI space of the patient. Most salient stability changes observed for Cmapn of Mesio-Temporal and Mesolimbic networks are presented. We also present Cmapn of the Cerebellum network (max. stability increase of 0.48), since it was involved in significant interactions of modularity changes at p < 0.001. Same colormap conventions than in Figure 6. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_10721.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis. Ten weeks following the initial contrasted study, a repeat was performed for reassessment. On the initial read, a small renal artery aneurysm arising from a segmental renal artery within the upper pole of the left kidney coming off the main renal artery was identified. This finding was later contested. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4540206_fig3_415479.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Treatment with SKI alone or in combination with TMZ induces ER dilation. Cells were treated with 10 μM SKI, 500 μM TMZ and the combination of both and analyzed 48 h later by light (a) and electron (b) microscopy. (a) Cytoplasmic vacuolization is observed in NCH82 cells but not in astrocytes. Arrows point to exemplary cells showing cytoplasmic vacuolization. Magnification: × 20. (b) ER enlargement in NCH82 cells. Arrows point exemplarily to the rough ER, arrowhead to the nuclear membrane. Control, SKI, and TMZ conditions: pictures on the right represent magnifications of the framed regions of interest. N, nucleus |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4198756_Fig5_328360.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail |
Immune protein expression in immune cells in the scala tympani side of the basilar membrane. (A) Double-labeling of Irf7 (green fluorescence) and CD45 (red fluorescence), an immune cell marker. (B) Double-labeling of Stat1 (green fluorescence) and CD45. (C) Double-labeling of Tlr3 (green fluorescence) and CD45. (D) Double-labeling of Tlr4 (green fluorescence) and CD45. The arrow points to an immune cell. Bar =10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3324466_pone-0035299-g005_133668.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | 3-dimensional representation of the Purkinje Network.3 rabbit hearts stained with 7.5% I2KI for 3 days (A-C Rabbit Heart 1) and 3.75% I2KI for 5 days (D-F Rabbit Heart 2, g-i Rabbit heart 3). Volume renderings viewed from base to apex (A,D,G), with corresponding segmented 3D surfaces in transverse (B,E,H) and longitudinal orientation (C,F,I). Volumes of segmented data- 4.2 mm3, 5.5 mm3, 15.8 mm3 respectively. Coloured dots represent Purkinje network maximum widths- distance between green dots- 13.5 mm, red dots- 17.1 mm, blue dots- 14.4 mm. IVS- interventricular septum, PM- papillary muscle. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3216304_fig7_115737.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Identification of spontaneous tumors by T2W-MRI. A RETAAD mouse (representative of 6 mice) was analyzed by T2W-MRI, followed by necropsy. Tumors are indicated by red arrows and the numbers show the tumors identified both by T2W-MRI and by necropsy. Bar scale, 5 mm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4387666_Fig2_375433.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. |
PET: positron emission tomography, TEE: trans-esophageal echocardiography, TBR: target-to-background ratio, IMT: intima-media thickness, cIBS: corrected integrated backscatter.
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roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_56024.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | T1-weighted (dual-echo out-of-phase) sequence showing the lesion to be hypointense (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3706264_F3_216649.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | SPECT images of biodistribution of labeled cells in brain region. In-111 oxine alone did not show any activity around the tumor area. Accumulation of In-111 labeled CTLs in tumor area was seen within three hours and the activity further increased on 24 hour scans. In-111 labeled EPCs showed high activity around the tumor area in 3 hours scan, which was significantly higher compared to CTLs. 24 hours scan showed further increase in the radioactivity. Note: The increased accumulation of cells after 24 hours of injection. Window levels of signals are kept identical for all day for respective tumors. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2958830_pone-0013507-g003_76544.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | The directed influence of the source region BA44 (blue) on the target regions (purple) in the execution (A) and observation (B) conditions.(C) The difference in directed influence of the source regions BA44 (blue) on the target regions (green) between the joint action and execution conditions (joint action>execution). The yellow lines represent the information flow from source regions to the target regions. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3885427_pone-0083104-g005_257418.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | SHOX2 is coexpressed with SHOX, SOX5, SOX6 and SOX9 in the 18-week human fetal growth plate.Immunohistochemistry performed on 18-week human fetal tibia growth plates using antibodies against SHOX2, SHOX, SOX5, SOX6, SOX9 and the negative control (PBS). Specific staining can be observed in the reserve (R), proliferative (P) and hypertrophic (H) zones of the growth plate for all analysed proteins. Images performed at 20× magnification. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3502827_fig3_167397.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | CT scan: submucosal heterogeneous enhancing mass in the distal stomach, that produced a stricture of the gastric lumen. Black arrow shows the presence of linear radiopaque foreign body. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4576907_MDV289F1_425233.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (A–C) Lesion in the right ilium detected by all three modalities: (A) axial 99mTc-MDP SPECT; (B) axial CT; (C) axial 18F-NaF PET. (D and E) Example of 18F-NaF PET signal emphasizing a CT abnormality in the left posterior elements of the L5 vertebral body: (D) axial CT; (E) 18F-NaF PET. (F–J) Examples of lesions only identified on 18F-NaF PET/CT. Vertebral metastases: (F) 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy coronal image. (G) CT sagittal reconstruction. (H) 18F-NaF PET sagittal reconstruction showing metastases with low tracer uptake (arrows). Metastasis in the inferior pubic ramus: (I) axial CT image; (J) 18F-NaF PET image. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1640.jpg | Does fibrinous peritonitis show gastric ulcer? | no |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic47409.jpg | what is the plane of the ct scan? | axial |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1812.jpg | Where is this part in the figure? | endocrine system |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3359384_pone-0037551-g007_139226.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Mistargeting of SGFP2-tagged prion.COS7 cells expressing prion protein fused to either ss-cfSGFP2 (left) or ss-SGFP2 (right) were immunostained with GFP antibody and the epifluorescent (red) or autofluorescent (green) images were observed by confocal microscopy as described in Materials and Methods. In ss-cfSGFP2-prion fusion protein, most of the GFP signal showed colocalization with the anti-GFP antibody signal (merge, left) with the exception of a perinuclear, Golgi-like region (see Results). In contrast, the ss-SGFP2-prion fusion protein showed markedly distinct images (merge, right). The confocal pinhole was set to 1.0 Airy Units. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic39762.jpg | what is most alarming about this ct scan? | cerebral arterial dolichoectasia |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3629122_pone-0061828-g004_199340.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Co-culture of beta-TC6 cells with NCSCs affects beta-TC6 cell focal adhesions.Non-GFP positive beta-TC6 cells were either cultured alone (left panels) or together with GFP-positive NCSC cells (right panels, green cells) on laminin-coated cover slips. Cells were treated with 20 ng/mL of IL-1β and 20 ng/mL of IFN-γ for 48 hours and were then fixated, permeabilized and stained for laminin (orange), integrin alpha VI (orange) or phospho-FAK(Y397) (red). Nuclei were visualized by Hoechst. Fluorescence was photographed in a fluorescence microscope using a 20× lens. Circleheads indicate positions of NCSC laminin accumulations close to beta-TC6 cells. The scale bar depicts a distance of 50 µm. Results are representative for three independent experiments. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4648100_f2_444581.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | IVIM DW images with 12 b-values (A–L) for 0, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 s/mm2. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4628103_F6_439412.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Immunostaining and immunohistochemical staining using the anti-HaCENH3 and anti-H3K9me2 antibodies. (A–O) Immunostaining images. (A–E) An interphase nucleus. (F–J) Prophase chromosomes. (K–O) Metaphase chromosomes. (P–T) Immunohistochemical staining images of metaphase chromosomes. Scale bar, 10 μm. (U) Scanning of metaphase chromosomes. Scanned positions are indicated as red lines. (V) A vertical scan of the chromosome. (W) A horizontal scan of the chromosome. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2645013_pone-0004631-g003_34696.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Electron microscopy reveals phloretin and pimaric acid cause the swelling of the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum.T9 cells were incubated without any BK channel activators (Panel A); 1 hour with 0.01 mM pimaric acid (Panel C); 1 hour with 1 mM phloretin (Panels B and D). All magnifications are 15,000×, except Panel D which was 30,000×. The white arrows indicate the mitochondria, while the black arrows show the endoplasmic reticulum. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3276130_fig1_125142.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana root growth behaviors. Representative seedlings from a variety of A. thaliana accessions that were grown on tilted hard agar plates. View is from the back of the plate, through the agar. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4141342_Fig1_314970.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | a AP radiographs of the distal femora in a 39-year-old female. Bone involvement is bilateral and symmetric with diaphyseal and metaphyseal heterogeneous osteosclerosis. Distal femora are enlarged, and periostitis is visible as a wavy contour (arrows) of the outer cortex. Corticomedullary margins in the diaphysis are blurred. b AP radiograph of two legs in the same patient. Both tibiae and peronei are involved. Corticomedullary margins in the diaphysis are blurred, and the marrow cavity is obliterated. Periostitis is also present (arrows) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3634980_Fig2_200674.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | miR-1 treatment influences endothelial permeability in the aorta. After aorta intimas were incubated with NHSLC-biotin for 30 min, frozen sections were incubated with XRITC-avidin to localize surface-bound biotin. Photographs taken at 20-fold magnification. a 1: Con + Con miR; 2: AS + Con miR; 3: AS + miR-1 antagomir; B: 1: Con + Con miR; 2: AS + Con miR; 3: AS + miR-1 mimic; *P < 0.05 significance relative to Con, #
P < 0.05 significance relative to AS + Con miR |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3265481_pone-0030357-g004_123368.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see |
FoxO1 mutant teeth deposit an enamel matrix and form enamel rods.Scanning electron microscopy of fractured 15 month old FoxO1 mutant incisors revealed that, in regions where enamel had not chipped away, the mutant teeth initially had an enamel thickness that was comparable to their littermate controls (compare A and B). Higher magnification revealed that the mutant enamel also exhibited the typical decussating pattern of enamel rods (compare C and D). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4578922_pone.0138194.g001_425782.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Radiographic images show increased callus formation and delayed callus resorption in mice lacking Cbl-PI3K interaction.Representative WT and YF mice were X-rayed once a week for four weeks to observe pin fixation, confirm fracture, and monitor callus formation. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_baby/train_2669.jpg | What does this image show? | posterior view |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2783082_F1_51800.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | A) Brain computed tomography scan depicting a large right-sided ischemic region and cerebral edema. B) Abdominal computed tomography scans revealing multiple enlarged lymph nodes and a retroperitoneal mass adjacent to the left psoas muscle. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08725.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Position of esophagus between open and closed lung units in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Position of esophagus in relation to the interface between open and closed lung units in a patient with early-stage adult respiratory distress syndrome. Regional pressure recorded within the esophagus (Pes) and along the sagittal and coronal planes that intersect it may be representative of pressures relevant to the stress-focused and relatively unstable units at the aerated and airless interface. VILI, ventilator-induced lung injury. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3522318_s2fig5_172763.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | A. Thorax and B. Neck CT scan indicates soft tissue ossification in cervical and thoracic paravertebral soft tissue masses in the same case one year later at two years of age |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3559645_pone-0052602-g003_182479.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Differences between two groups (patients without FOG > patients with FOG).Slices of the brain representing the main regions of increased BOLD contrast in the comparison of patients without FOG > patients with FOG (corrected with a false detection rate of p<0.05) presented in the coronal (y = 6), sagittal (x = 32) and axial (z = −1) slices of a representative single T1 image. The major differences were found in the bilateral anterior insula, the bilateral ventral striatum and the pSMA. These differences were significant after controlling for group differences in motor severity, affective disturbance and impaired attentional set-shifting ability. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3821616_f8-ijms-14-20299_241906.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Transmission electron microscopy observations of chloroplasts in diploid (2×) and tetraploid (4×) Robinia pseudoacacia after one day and 10 days of salt treatment. (A) 0 day, 2×; (B) 10 days, 2×; (C) 0 day, 4×; (D) 10 days, 4×. Gr, granum; thylakoid (Th); P, plastoglobule; SG, starch grain. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q21ef3083281hg99ik.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3671570_F2_208790.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The main effect of task repetition (Run 1–Run 4) on perfusion during the stress (left) and mindful breathing (right) tasks (voxel-wise analysis, Z > 2.3, p < 0.05 cluster correction). HC, hippocampus cortex. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4198205_pone-0110057-g002_328299.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Light microscopy images of three transverse cross-sections of the femoral mid-diaphysis of (a, c, e) cats with CKD and (b, d, f) healthy cats.Note dramatic increase in unfilled resorption cavities in CKD cats compared to the healthy cats. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_body/train_2625.jpg | What is present? | decubitus ulcer |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4299287_Fig2_351231.jpg | Describe the following image in detail |
Computed tomography of palliative radiotherapy plan with clips placed. Representative coronal CT image of the CTV (yellow) and radiation field edges (blue). Three clips were placed within the tumour and at the distal and proximal extent. The PTV volume was decreased from 393.8 cm3 to 251.5 cm3. The V15 for small bowel loops was reduced from 328.0 cm3 to 176.0 cm3. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05969.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Coronary angiogram showing left coronary system. Complete occlusion of distal left anterior descending artery with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 0 flow (arrow). The vessels otherwise had smooth lumens without evidence of atherosclerotic disease |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3280291_pone-0031274-g005_125944.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | TGFβ1 and subcutaneous AT macrophage-conditioned media induce α-SMA expression in human AT progenitor cells.Representative photomicrograph of immunocytochemical staining for α-SMA (red) of ScAT progenitors cells (n = 4) cultured for 48 h with basal medium (i.e, control), with TGFβ1 (5 ng/ml, n = 4, upper panel) or with ScATM-CM (n = 6, middle and lower panels). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33242 (blue). Magnification ×20 and ×40. White scale corresponds to 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3135116_fig5_102014.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Skin biopsy from a patient with AIDS-associated histoplasmosis and concomitant erythema multiforme. A lichenoid reaction is visible in relation to the dermoepidermal interface (a), while the dermis contains conspicuous numbers of Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts (b), whose presence is highlighted with the aid of a Grocott stain (c). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qb1emv08322aufgf0q.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/inside_oral/train_1432.jpg | What does this image show? | large fungating lesion |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4523720_fig1_411547.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Enhanced coronal CT scan of the abdomen demonstrates mild circumferential wall thickening with luminal narrowing involving the second part of the duodenum associated with surrounding fat stranding. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3883286_F3_257024.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Intracellular targeting of LeCDJ1 in Arabidopsis protoplasts. (A, B) Green fluorescence of GFP (A) and the LeCDJ1–GFP fusion protein (B). (C, D) Red autofluorescence of chloroplasts. (E, F) Bright-field images of the protoplasts. (G, H) Merged images of (A), (C) and (E), and of (B), (D), and (F), respectively. Protoplasts were examined using dual-channel confocal microscopy (LSM510 META; Zeiss, Germany). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3437274_fig2_153763.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | (a) Computed tomography (CT) before first temsirolimus administration. There are multiple metastatic tumors in liver. All tumors are enhanced weakly (64 Hounsfield units). (b) CT 2 months after temsirolimus administration. Most tumors shrink. (c) CT 5 months after temsirolimus administration. Metastatic tumors grow again. All tumors are enhanced strongly (137 Hounsfield units). (d) CT 3 weeks after sunitinib readministration. All tumors turned to be hypovascular again (67 Hounsfield units). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2628433_fig05_32847.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | F. magna bacteria adhere to basement membranes. Human skin biopsies were incubated with ALB8 or 505 bacteria for 1 h at room temperature. Non-adherent bacteria were removed by washing in PBS, and the biopsies were incubated anaerobically at 37°C for 48 h, washed with PBST, fixed and prepared for SEM.A. ALB8 bacteria; B. 505 bacteria. The arrows point at ALB8 colonies and the arrowheads point at the basement membrane covering the junction between epidermis and dermis. The bar represents 10 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_55885.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | MR imaging shows a heterogeneous hypointense lesion hilus in the liver on coronal T1 fat-suppressed sequences. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3186749_F5_110896.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Immunohistochemical examination of OGC and PLC. (A) The stroma associated with OGCs and PLCs was negative for cytokeratin AE1/AE3. (B) OGCs expressed the histiocytic marker CD68. (C) Almost all of the PLCs were positive for p53. (D) The Ki-67 positivity of the stroma associated with OGCs and PLCs was about 30%. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2771969_F0001_49858.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | MRI Brain showing symmetrical hyperintensities in pallida and anterior midbrain in case 1 (A), case 2 (B) and case 3 (C). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4169633_pone-0108389-g008_321573.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Less severe extra-intestinal histopathology following PACAP prophylaxis.Paraffin section of (A) lung and (B) kidney samples were obtained from naïve animals (right panel) and from mice following PACAP prophylactic treatment (PACAP, middle panel) and compared to placebo controls (PLC, left panel) at day 7 post infection. Representative photomicrographs of H&E stained paraffin sections (upper panel: 100× magnification; scale bar 100 µm; lower panel: 400× magnification; scale bar 20 µm) from three independent experiments are shown. White arrow head points towards hemosiderin deposit (in A), black arrows indicate an inflammatory peri-bronchial cuff (in A) and a pyknotic, degenerated, apoptotic glomerulum (in B). |
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