image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/sfolder_3/PMC3897989_F1_260158.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | CT and MRI scan of the patient. Uncontract CT image (A), T1 weighted image (D) and T2 weighted image (E) displayed diffusive enlargement of the pancreas capsuled by an armorlike rim, significant dilation of intra- and extra-heptic bile duct and gallbladder, and atrophy of the right kidney. Contrast CT (B: arterial phase; C: venous phase) and MRI (F) revealed homogeneously enhanced pancreas and diffusive thickening of the gallbladder wall. Repeat MRI (G) after effective treatment showed remarkable reduction of the pancreas, gallbadder and bile ducts. Chest CT (H) showed a large patchy shadow in the right lower lobe. Repeat CT (I) after antibiotic treatment showed remarkable absorption of the lesion. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03484.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Sonographic image of placentomes in buffalo suffering from uterine torsion. Image showing the changes at the apex of the placentome (toward the uterine lumen) shown by multiple green arrows. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_33743.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | TEE showed, on apical 4-chamber section, an anular structure attached like a membrane to the atrial wall anterior mitral valve leaflet and just proximal to the posterior mitral leaflet. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3224831_f4_117204.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Elevated pressure (60 mmHg) induced collapse of cytoskeleton and focal adhesion in both iHTM and GTM3 after incubation for 24 h. Ctrl: cells cultured in a conventional incubator as the control group. 60 mmHg: cells cultured in the 60 mmHg elevated pressure system. The nucleus was immunolabeled with hoechst (blue fluorescence), filamentious actin (F-actin) was immunolabeled with TRITC (red fluorescence), and Vinculin was immunolabeled with FITC (green fluorescence). Slides were observed under the confocal microscope using identical parameters (scale bar=10 µm). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pr1dzj0832a0plcwg6.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3676264_F1_209756.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | MRI scan of a 50-year-old patient done 21 months after immediate breast reconstruction. The patient had previously undergone excision of a seroma sac (“capsulectomy”) 12 months prior to the imaging. The scan shows a high signal intensity, nonloculated lesion on T2W measuring approximately 19 × 7 × 11 cm3 in the subcutaneous tissues immediately anterior to the rectus muscles. (a) Transverse view, (b) Sagittal view, and (c) Recumbent view showing the size of the seroma and its location superficial to the abdominal musculature. MRI indicates magnetic resonance imaging. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3786835_f3-etm-06-02-0579_234466.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | (A) Panoramic radiograph showing a multicystic ameloblastoma in the left mandibular body and angle (arrows). (B) Recurrence of the lesion destroying the body, angle and ramus (arrows). (C) Simulation of tumor resection on a three-dimensional stereolithographic model and pre-bending of the reconstruction plate. (D). Radiograph after segmental mandibulectomy and reconstruction with a fibula free flap. (E) Three-dimensional reconstruction of preoperative planning and outcome after surgical treatment was performed using AYRA software. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4337105_Fig5_360961.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image |
Lesion progression. Microphotographs show the progression of inflammation in gastrocnemius tendon sheath of 4- to 16-week-old infected turkeys. A) Prominant lymphocytic infiltration (White up-down arrow) (4-week-old); B) Lymphocytic nodules (Black arrow) present and fibroplasia (White up-down arrow) starts (8-week-old); C) Fibrosis increases (White up-down arrow) and lymphocytic infiltration (Black arrow) decreases (12-week-old); D) Fibrosis (White up-down arrow) is prominent (16-week-old). H&E stain (40X magnification). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4392751_Fig5_377006.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image |
Dissection of station 7 from the left side. (A) Dissecting the block off the esophagus. (B) Dissecting the block off the pericardium and the left main-stem bronchus. (C) Dissecting the block off the right main-stem bronchus and the carina. (D) Anatomic landmarks after dissection. Ao aorta, Eso esophagus, LMB left main-stem bronchus, Pc pericardium, Ca carina, MES metal endoscopic suction, US ultrasonic scalpel, RMB right main-stem bronchus. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4554316_F5_419045.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | a: Post-operative radiographic view of IOPA at 3rd month b: Post-operative radiographic view of IOPA at 6th month |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4279998_Fig6_347583.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. |
Three-dimensional TF shift distribution globally computed based on (a) the orientation of the structures, (b) vertically overlapping structures and (c) locally selected by the user.
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC3176433_fig2_109135.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Reconstructed computed tomogram (CT). (a) Sagittal reconstructed CT. Ossified mass behind dens (arrow) and osteophyte continuing from the dens (arrowhead) can be seen. The dens itself is degenerated and hypertrophied. (b) Axial CT. Most of the spinal canal is occupied by ossification of transverse ligament of atlas. (c) Coronal reconstructed CT. The joint space of atlantoaxial joint and the spaces between dens and lateral masses of atlas were narrowed. Coalition of bilateral atlantooccipital joints can be seen (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2762182_F0003_48003.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Case no 4 (a) At presentation with grade IV deformity on left side. (b) X-rays after splinting showing alignment of hand over forearm. (c) Clinical photograph at 2 years follow up after surgery showing maintenance of correction, the left forearm is short than the normal side. (d) X-rays at 2 year follow up showing retained K-wire and maintained correction |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4391935_pone.0124914.g002_376738.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Whole-body micro-dystrophin gene transfer to the musculature using rAAV6.AAV6.CK8.H3μDys was administered by retro-orbital injection of 3-month-old mdx mice at a dose of 1013 vg, and tissues were analyzed 6 months later. All striated muscles were found to express widespread levels of the human micro-dystrophin. Shown are representative cross-sections of the TA, EDL, soleus, gastrocnemius, quadriceps, and diaphragm muscles immunostained with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against the N-terminal domain of dystrophin. Top row, muscles from wild-type mice; middle row, muscles from mdx mice; bottom row, muscles from mdx mice injected with rAAV6.CK8.H3μDys. Scale bar: 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3423686_f1-rado-44-02-86_150946.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Hemostatic control with the chitosan-based bandage. A - Baseline angiogram prior to the superficial femoral artery (SFA) puncture. B - Angiogram obtained after 8F sheath withdrawal and 5 minutes chitosan-based bandage compression shows complete hemostasis. C - Angiogram obtained 30 minutes after sheath withdrawal shows patent SFA. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4434537_Fig2_387101.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Right external to internal iliac artery bypass was performed using an 8-mm graft (Advanta™ VXT PTFE Vascular Graft). After the internal iliac artery was proximally ligated at its origin to prevent retrograde perfusion, the graft anastomosis was clipped at the external iliac artery. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07621.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the right hip after one year showed no evidence of avascular necrosis (AVN). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2086.jpg | What does this image show? | typical dark infarct |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3856102_f3-ijms-14-22997_250164.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Localization of tight junction proteins in the duodenum. Differential localization of ZO-1, CLDN2, CLDN12 and CLDN15 was observed with immunohistochemistry. CLDN2 and CLDN15 localization was compared in the duodenum of WT and CaBP-9k KO mice fed the normal diet (A); The dietary effect of calcium/vitamin D deficiency on ZO-1, CLDN2 and CLDN15 localization in the duodenum of CaBP-9k KO mice was examined (B); Differential CLDN12 and CLDN15 localization in the duodenum of calcium/vitamin D-deficient WT and CaBP-9k KO mice was evaluated (C). Each slide was viewed at 400× magnification. Black arrows indicate the immuno-positive signals. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2846674_F0005_60703.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Histopathological examination |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q31efv08328avgbbq2.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1207.jpg | Does excellent close-up view show brain, herpes encephalitis? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3144729_f2_103618.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Monochromatic and stereophotographs in autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay 198 patient. A: A monochromatic photograph of retinal nerve fiber layer in patient 4 (left eye) shows increased visibility of fibers and a thin sector defect (included between arrows). B: A stereophotograph of the same eye shows the telltale yellow discoloration of the retinal nerve fiber layer streaks. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3925488_Fig3_267357.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image |
A case of bleeding from duodenal ulcer. (a) Celiac arteriography depicted the overlapping of the extravasation of contrast medium, gastroduodenal artery (GD), posterior pancreatico-duodenal artery (P-PDA) and anterior pancreatico-duodenal artery (A-PDA). (b) Hemorrhage-responsible arteriogram created by CT during abdominal aortography depicted that GD (red) was the responsible artery to hemorrhage but not P-PDA (purple) and A-PDA (blue). (c) Celiac arteriography following embolization of with n-butyl cyanoacrylate and microcoils depicted no extravasation of contrast medium. (d) Superior mesenteric arteriography depicted no extravasation of contrast medium. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3072967_pone-0018361-g004_92100.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | 3 views of prostate from one in-vivo scan.A: axial, B: coronal, C: sagittal. White arrows indicate prostate. Scale bar is 0.5 cm. Axial scan, FOV 3×3 cm, 200 µm isotropic resolution, TR/TE = 4.6 ms/2.3 ms, 4 PC, 2 NEX, FA 50°, BW ±62.5 kHz, 14 minutes. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3899807_F5_260873.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections of biopsies from wound beds after 72 hours of NPWT at −120 mm Hg using pathogen-binding mesh, foam, or gauze. The ingrowth of tissue into the foam is indicated by arrows. No such ingrowth can be seen in the pathogen-binding mesh, or gauze. NPWT indicates negative pressure wound therapy. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3820692_pone-0079048-g003_241746.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Identification of pea as a putative interactor of otu.(A-A″) Wild-type stage-9 egg chamber with dispersed NC chromatin and a fully-reticulated nucleoli as marked by fibrillarin (red). (B-B″) otu13/+ stage-9 egg chambers with NCCD defects and moderately-reticulated nucleoli. (C-C″) In stage-9 otu13/+; Df7130/+ egg chambers (deficiency uncovering pea), moderate enhancement of the 5-blob phenotype is seen along with Fibrillarin accumulation at distal edges of NC nuclei. (D-D″) In otu13/+; pea1/+ egg chambers, moderate enhancement of the 5-blob configuration plus significant retainment of a globular Fibrillarin pattern is frequently seen. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3594821_Fig4_191060.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Representative ultrasound images of the atherosclerotic plaques in the rabbit abdominal aorta. a Two-dimensional image showing a plaque (large arrow); a soft plaque was invisible (small arrow). b Contrast ultrasound imaging with normal microbubbles showing two plaques with stronger echo compared with the two-dimensional view. The enhancement of the echo was more apparent for the soft plaque (small arrow). c Contrast ultrasound imaging with IL-8-targeted microbubbles showing two plaques with a markedly stronger echo compared with normal contrast ultrasound |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2408893_fig4_23547.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | PpIX fluorescence in living cells. LNCaP cells were pretreated with vehicle (A,B) or with 10−7 M R1881 for 72 h (C). Microscopy. Transmission and fluorescence images of untreated LNCaP cells (A) and cells exposed to 0.3 mm ALA (B,C) without (B) or with (C) pretreatment with R1881. Flow cytometry. A large fraction of 0.3 mM ALA-treated control cells (B) did not show more intense fluorescence than cells (A) that were not exposed to ALA. Pretreatment with R1881 (10−7 M for 72 h) (C) resulted in strongly increased fluorescence in the vast majority of cells. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4289279_Fig3_349707.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. |
Panoramic and cephalometric radiographs before treatment.
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ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qk1eyb0832btf8863x.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3874558_F2_254620.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Developmental time course of Gpr54 and Kiss1 expression in the mouse testes. Testes of wild-type (WT), Kiss1+/− and Gpr54+/− mice at different ages were cryosectioned, stained for β-galactosidase activity, and counterstained with Saffronin. Blue dots (arrowed) indicate expression of the Kiss1 and Gpr54 genes. All photographs are at the same magnification. Scale bar = 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2821883_pone-0008986-g001_56718.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Picture of the relics.The putative skull of St. Birgitta (skull A) to the right and the putative skull of Katarina (skull B) to the left. (Photograph: Hans Lundberg). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1225.jpg | What does this image show? | sagittal section of atlas vertebra and occipital bone foramen magnum stenosis case 31 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3440592_fig07_154480.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Flagellar pocket structure in Δisp1/2/3 parasites. Transmission EM images of WT (A, B), Δisp1/2/3 (C, D), Δisp1/2/3:ISP1 (E, F), Δisp1/2/3:ISP2:3 (G, H) and Δisp1/2/3:ISP2-3[pXG-ISP1] (I, J) promastigote flagellar pockets (FP). Membranous whorls in Δisp1/2/3 (C, D) and Δisp1/2/3:ISP2-3 (G, H) are indicated with a white arrow and small vesicles in Δisp1/2/3:ISP2-3 (G, H) with a black arrow. FP flagellar pocket, DG dense granule. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4352939_fig6_365176.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | SEM photographs magnifications 200x at 10 kv (a) CA drug loaded nanocomposite microbeads (AF-3) and (b) CA-Neusilin US2 drug loaded nanocomposite microbeads (AF-7). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic22891.jpg | was the ct scan taken with contrast? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2669510_f2_37373.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | CCR7 was expressed by CD11b+ and CD11c+ cells in inflamed corneal stroma. CD11b (left), CD11b (left), CD11c (middle), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (right) were displayed in green in the normal and inflamed whole-mounted stromas. CCR7+ cells (red) were only detected in the inflamed (top panels), not the normal (bottom panels) corneal stromas. These cells were costained with CD11b (yellow; A) and CD11c (yellow; B). A majority of CCR7+ cells also co-expressed MHC class II (yellow; C). Confocal microscopy, original magnification: X40. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3654851_f5_204582.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Ocular characteristics and systemic anomalies of patient II:3. Slit lamp photographs showed hypoplasia and iris posterior embryotoxon (black arrows) in both eyes, but Haab’s striae were observed only in the left eye. A, B: Gonioscopy showed open angles in both eyes with anterior insertion of the iris into the trabecular meshwork, prominent iris processes, and broad-based synechiae at places in both eyes (C, D). Physical examination revealed hypertelorism, telecanthus, a flat face, and a flat broad nasal bridge (E, F). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4241309_fig1_338648.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Radiograph of the patient's shoulder after the initial injury. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwycdo0k086ugwwd9bqg.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3635893_F6_200777.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) observation of interaction of Mycosphaerella musicola with abaxial leaf surfaces of Musa acuminata genotypes. Fungal germ tubes and hyphal growth were observed 3, 6 and 9DAI respectively, for Cavendish Grande Naine (A, B, C) and Calcutta 4 (D, E, F). Hyphal growth and penetration of stomatal openings was observed only in Cavendish Grande Naine 6DAI onwards. Abbreviations: DAI, days after inoculation; h, hypha; s, stoma. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1189.jpg | Where is this? | lung |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_23878.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Pneumomediastinum shown by a small arrow. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4351516_f4_364594.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Cathodoluminescence from the HVPE synthesized AG-GaN 3D hybrid network: (a) SEM image taken from a fragment of AG-GaN hybrid network, (b) CL spectrum corresponding to AG-GaN specimen in (a), Monochromatic micro-CL images for (c) Ultra-violet, (d) Yellow, (e) Red emissions respectively. (f) UV-yellow color composite micro-CL image corresponding to AG-GaN specimen in (a). [The violet curve in figure 4(b) corresponds to the CL spectrum of bulk crystal GaN in which the CL peak at ~3.4 eV is attributed to GaN and the ~1.7 eV peak is the corresponding second order diffraction artifact from the grating]. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4099160_F1_306251.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) features d of acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Figure 1a,b and c showed the OCT images of VKH. Figure 1d,e and f showed the OCT images of CSCR. SRF = subretinal fluid; RPE = retinal pigment epithelium; PED = pigment epithelium detachment; ILM = inner limiting membrane. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3132740_pone-0021468-g007_101816.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Both PLD1 and PLD2 are associated with A. fumigatus conidia during internalization into A549 cells.A549 cells were infected with the swollen conidia of A. fumigatus 13073 stably expressing green fluorescence protein (at an MOI of 10) for 30 min. The internalization of A. fumigatus into A549 cells was monitored by differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy or immunofluorescence using laser confocal microscopy Olympus FluoView FV1000 (green, A. fumigatus conidia; red, PLD1 or PLD2). The images were processed with Olympus FluoView ver. 1.6., and the merged fluorescence images are shown. The data represent 3 similar experiments, and the arrows (white) indicate the association of internalized conidia with PLD. Scale bar, 10 µm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz5dosk086uaex8ami6.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | Tube |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0100.jpg | Does embolus derived from a lower-extremity deep venous thrombus show several small malignant glands with enlarged nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and dark cytoplasm, as compared with the larger, benign gland? | no |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3853550_F2_249618.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | (Case 1) Cannon-ball like arrangement of vascular tufts in tufted angioma. Circumscribed ovoid cannon-ball like arrangement of vascular tufts scattered in the eyelid stroma (asterix marked), surrounded by dilated lymphatic like spaces (arrow marked). Striated muscle bundles of orbicularis oculi are also noted in the left of the photomicrograph, (stain, haematoxylin and eosin; original magnification, × 100). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2374764_F1_22047.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Morphological features of human MDMs after 24 h of in vitro treatment with Eucalyptus oil. a-f, phase-contrast microscopy after Wright Giemsa staining: a, d, untreated control; b, e, MDMs stimulated with 0.1 μg/ml of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS); c, f, MDMs treated with 0.016% Eucalyptus oil; a, b, c, original magnification: 20×;d, e, f, original magnification: 40×. g-l, Scanning electron microscopy of untreated (g, j), LPS treated (h, k) and Eucalyptus oil treated MDMs (i, l). Bars: 20 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3682965_pone-0066863-g001_211364.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Clinical features of the proband.(A) Scratch marks, erosions, cicatrization healing (scars) due to self-inflicted soft tissue trauma, nasal columella defect and keratitis. (B) Abnormal profile, limitation of mouth opening. (C) A cranial CT scan and reconstruction of head. (D) Lichenification, missing tips of right index fingers, and the deformed nail and left digitus minimus. (E) Radiograph of the hand and wrist bones. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4659675_pone.0142828.g007_447632.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Vitrification of cultured endothelial cells.Time-lapse images during cooling and warming show clear evidence of intra- and extracellular ice formation for cells in isotonic buffer (Top), but no evidence of ice formation for cells in vitrification solution (Bottom). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3327437_f3_134090.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Immunofluorescence staining of HIF-1α and VEGF in cornea at day 4 and 7 after CL wear. The arrows indicated the positive staining of HIF-1α and VEGF in the corneal epithelium of each group. A: HIF-1α expression in normal cornea. B: HIF-1α expression in cornea at day 4. C: HIF-1α expression in cornea at day 7. D, H: Control cornea at day 7. E: VEGF expression in normal cornea. F: VEGF expression in cornea at day 4. G: VEGF expression in cornea at day 7. Magnification: 400×. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3087332_F3_94367.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | H+E staining of mammary gland microscopic lesions and other microscopic abnormalities. When compared to normal mammary gland (A, B), some of the glands show an increased number of acini which are normally only seen during pregnancy and lactation (C, D). Ducts that have further differentiated into lobular units with secretion are striking (E, F). Neoplasias include DCIS (G, H) and ductal hyperplasias (I). Sloughing of epithelial cells into the duct (J) is also observed. At higher doses of NMU (30 mg and 50 mg/kg BW), benign fibroadenomas and papillomas (K) and secretion into the duct (L) are observed. Scale bar: 50 μm |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_prostate/train_2501.jpg | What does this image show? | normal testes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3570131_f1-etm-05-03-0777_185070.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | VX2 allografts of the four groups on day 30. Row 1, gross morphology of allografts; row 2, clear cells (haematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, ×400 and ×100); row 3, capsules (haematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, ×100); row 4, ultra-structure of the tumour cells. The arrow indicates a collagen bundle (transmission electron microscope; magnification, ×10,000); rows 5 and 6, positive expression of CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with brown grains (immunohistochemical staining; magnification, ×100). TAE, transcatheter arterial embolisation; O+C, octreotide + celecoxib. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4555166_f3_419269.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Scanning electron microscopy of silicified cells.(a) Microvilli-like structures on the surface of HepG2, iPS(IMR90)-4, and WA07 cells in 2D culture and in 3D NFC hydrogel culture. (b) Extracellular matrix-like material on a HepG2 cell spheroid in the NFC hydrogel for 8 days. (c) Silica-replicas of WA07 spheroids (5 days in the NFC hydrogel) after calcination. Images are representative of eight biological samples. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3920644_fig01_266267.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Manual contouring of the MR-visible lesion on axial T2-weighted images from a preoperative mpMRI. Dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted images are also displayed on the same screen. The prostatic capsule (contour 1) (apex to base) and the MR-visible lesion (contour 2) were contoured separately. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4283646_f2-0080001_348398.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Anatomical structures of the intestinal wall in mice and in humans. A and B are taken at the same magnification (20×) and show a section of the small intestinal wall in mice (A) and humans (B), illustrating that mouse intestinal villi (A) are taller than those in humans (B). C, intestinal crypts; G, goblet cells; L, lamina propria; MM, muscularis mucosae; P, Paneth cells; SM, submucosa; V, villi. The images are reproduced from “Comparative anatomy and histology: A mouse and human atlas” by Piper M. Treuting and Suzy Dintzis, 2012, with permission from Elsevier. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3542424_Fig1_178534.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Concomitant disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis and acute myeloid leukaemia. a Computed tomography showing bilaterally enlarged tonsils, more prominent on the left side (arrow). b Marrow aspirate showing predominance of myeloblasts. c Tonsillar biopsy, showing infiltration by a population of atypical cells with indistinct cytoplasmic borders. High-power view (insert) showed atypical cells with nuclei containing linear grooves. d The tonsillar atypical cells were positive for CD1a (immunoperoxidase). e The tonsillar atypical cells were positive for S100. f Trephine biopsy of the marrow, showing admixture of myeloblasts and atypical cells with elongated and grooved nuclei. g Atypical cells in the marrow were positive for S100 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4538364_fig5s4_415131.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Rescue of the migration defect of miR-965 mutants with reduced levels of string.Left: still images taken from a time-lapse video showing histoblast divisions in the miR-965 mutant (KO1/KO2) with reduced levels of string transcript using the stgEY12388 allele. M1 and M2 indicate mitosis 1 and 2. Cell membranes were labeled using Atpα-GFP (green). Nuclei were labeled using Histone2-RFP (red). ADHN: anterior dorsal histoblast nest. PDHN: posterior dorsal histoblast nest. Scale bars: 50 µM. Right: still images taken from a time-lapse video showing histoblast nest migration in animals of the same genotypes. Scale bars: 100 µM. Refers to Figure 5D and Video 11.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07389.025 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2875746_fig5_64785.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Interactions of shed vesicles with endothelial cells. Vesicles shed by SK-Hep1 cells, labelled with lipid styryl dye FM4-64 (red fluorescence), were added to GM7373 endothelial cells in which β1 Integrin was stained using FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies (green fluorescence). Cells were incubated with vesicles, respectively, for (a) 10 minutes, (b) 20 minutes, and (c) 30 minutes. The arrows indicate vesicle localization. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3575273_F3_186169.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Histochemical examination of collagen-induced arthritis in CA1-Tg mice. Tissue structures of the paw (A-D), knee (E-H), ankle (I-L) and sacroiliac joints (M-P) were examined using histochemistry. Synovial hyperplasia and inflammation, cartilage destruction and bone resorption with pannus formation were detected in the arthritic joints of CA1-Tg mice (n = 5). The single arrow indicates the synovial membrane, and the double arrow indicates the joint cartilage. Magnification: ×400. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2721.jpg | What is present? | cardiovascular |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3970044_fig3_277314.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Periapical radiograph showing obturated canals. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3497216_F2_165805.jpg | What is shown in this image? | MRI after preoperative radiation therapy. The size of the tumor was reduced, and the high signal intensity area was decreased. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2933485_F0001_72690.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Transthoracic 2D echo: parasternal long axis view showing Cor–triatriatum |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3349120_fig3_137104.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | (a) Acute distal basilar artery occlusion, application of 10 mg IA rtPA without visible effect; (b) passage of the thrombus with guidewire and microcatheter, tip of the basilar artery and both posterior cerebral arteries are open; (c) placement of pCR 2/4/20 in each P1-segment of the posterior cerebral artery (arrows); (d) simultaneous retraction of the thrombectomy device into the guiding catheter leads immediately to full (TICI 3) reperfusion (kissing technique). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4604773_Fig4_433212.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Representative microscopic findings for the heart, kidneys, liver and spleen of female Sprague Dawley rats treated orally with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg OS-EL or the control (water) for 28 days |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3434888_Fig1_153414.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Solid pineoblastoma with hydrocephalus and extensive leptomeningeal metastases. Sagittal T1-weighted (a), axial T2-weighted (b), contrast-enhanced sagittal T1-weighted images of the brain (c) and spine (d) of patient 13. Pineoblastoma showed mostly isointense SI on both T1-weighted (a) and T2-weighted (b) MR images with respect to gray matter and homogenous contrast-enhancement (c). The large tumor mass (33 mm) showed compression on the brainstem (mesencephalon) and cerebral aquaduct (a, c) with secondary hydrocephalus (b). Multiple nodular leptomeningeal tumor seedings are present in the spinal canal (d) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3860646_fig3079_251189.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Preoperative CT Scans. A and B) Fracture of the iliac wing and fracture line in the weight bearing area of the SI joint is shown in the 3-D CTscan. Also note that the greater sciatic notch is separated without involvement of the posterior column; C and D) Sagittal and transverse views indicate the fracture of the iliac wing, superior articular surface and SI joint involvement. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4026155_F3_289783.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Leaf morphology of Halophila ovalis and Halophila major collected at various sites in Malaysia. A and B: Halophila major samples collected at MY-gs and MY-mb respectively. C, D and E: Halophila ovalis samples collected at MY-bd, MY-tg and MY-sb respectively. The scale bar is 2 mm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic38503.jpg | which plane is the image shown in? | axial |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1109.jpg | Is muscle present? | yes |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2632639_F2_33390.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Chest CT scan showed right lung consolidation (A), with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes (B). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3766103_F4_230230.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Differential responses to ADT of TSGs derived from HRPCa with or without adverse pathological features. Immunohistochemistry using an antibody cocktail for cytoplasmic AMACR and nuclear p63 demonstrated resistance of HRPCa-3, a HRPCa with adverse pathological features, to ADT (A-B), and complete tumor regression in HRPCa-6, a HRPCa without adverse pathological features, after ADT (C-D). In (D), remnant epithelial cells are benign, as demonstrated by nuclear p63 staining. White dotted lines mark the boundary between mouse kidney and TSG. Magnification for all images is 40X. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_3000.jpg | Is carcinomatosis endometrium primary present? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4128035_fig04_312663.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Regions with significant axial diffusivity (AD). Difference between the left ear advantage (LEA) and the right ear advantage (REA) groups (hot colors = LEA>REA; cold colors = LEA<REA) in a cohort of 24 children age 7–14 years old. Slice locations range from z = 18 to 49. All images are in radiological orientation. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glds4a7071uf7564y7a.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Ulcerative colitis |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3878336_F11_255727.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Comparison of the proposed method with [7] and the one-factor-per-slice model on one Arabidopsis root tip dataset. Each panel shows xy-, xz- and zy-cuts through the volume. The cut positions are indicated by the red lines. (a) Raw recording with scaled intensities to match the intensities of the reconstructions at the root boundary. (b) Averaged intensity profiles along the y-direction of the xy cuts. Cut positions and averaging widths are indicated by colored bars. (c) Baseline reconstruction [7]. (d) Proposed method. Scale bars: 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2784363_F6_51924.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Histopathological changes in Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. Shown are representative hematoxylin and eosin-stained photomicrographs (magnification, ×100) of lung tissue from rats treated with (a) saline, (b) recombinant human activated protein C (APC), (c) plasma-derived antithrombin (AT), (d) heparin (Hep), (e) danaparoid (Dan), at 40 hours after bacterial challenge. (f) Total histopathologic scores are presented as median with interquartile range. * P < 0.05 vs. placebo. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3598560_F2_191904.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Patient 5 in Group I is a 79-year-old man who was treated with short-segment fixation with I-VEP due to vertebral compression fracture of L2. a Lateral-view radiograph of Patient 5 in Group I shows an L2 vertebral compression fracture before the operation. b Anteroposterior view of the preoperative radiograph. c Lateral-view radiographs at the one-year follow-up. d Anteroposterior view at the one-year follow-up. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3012699_pone-0015730-g009_82641.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Downregulation of ZO-1 or overexpresion of ZONAB induce changes in fluorescein angiograms.Late-phase fluorescein angiograms of RNAi-treated eyes were obtained at 10, 20 and 30 days after subretinal injection of vectors (108 T.U./ml). No abnormal changes in fluorescence were observed in LNT.shGFP injected eyes. Marked hyperfluorescence, indicating RPE cell loss, was seen in either LNT.shZO-1 or LNT.ZONAB treated eyes. Increasing intensity of the hyperfluorescence between timepoints suggests that RPE cell loss progressed over time. n = 4 per treatment group. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2770134_Fig2_49636.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Retinitis pigmentosa. Ophtalmoscopic examinations of a control subject (a) and an affected individual (b) showing typical retinitis pigmentosa fundus characterized by very thin retinal vessels, retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, abnormal pigmentary migrations, and pallor of the optic disk |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3019062_F1_83891.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | A. Preoperatory native CT scan: minimal hypodense frontal right paramedian lesion, B. T1 cerebral MRI small hyperintense parenchymal homogeneous lesion 16/22/15mm, well delimited, involving gyrus cinguli, without perilesional edema and mass effect, C hyperintense lesion on T2 MR sequences, non–enhancing after Gadolinium, D coronal lesion T1 MR sequences, E sagital lesion T2 MR sequences, G and H Postoperatory CT scan, I EEG recording: medio–frontal origin and rare interictal epileptiforme elements |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4058524_fig6_298390.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Effect of olmesartan on tacrolimus-induced ultrastructural changes in kidney of different experimental groups. (a) Control group; (b) toxic group; (c) treatment group, and (d) drug per se group (n = 6 per group). Podocyte foot process and mitochondrial integrity were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (magnification = ×10000). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4069012_pone-0100259-g008_300750.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging of cells implanted into the brain of a chick embryo.Cells (5×104) expressing dTomato were labelled with (A) Molday ION, (B) Feratrack or (C) Bangs Beads and implanted into the midbrain of chick embryos at embryonic day 3. At embryonic day 5 the embryos were harvested from their eggs, imaged with a fluorescence stereomicroscope and fixed prior to MR imaging using a T2-weighed RARE sequence. Scale bars represent 1 mm. Numbers in fluorescence images indicate the position of viable (dTomato expressing) cells. The corresponding numbers in the transverse MR sections show the T2 shortening effect of the labelling agent at the same anatomical positions. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3824092_F1_242294.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Swarm of wild type M. xanthus on a CTT agar plate. The photo was taken after 7 days of incubation at 20°C. The vertical red line at the bottom of the panel marks the 520 μm wide edge of the annulus. We observe annular cells to be growing exponentially at their maximum rate, as each cell continues to move. The swarm is a dynamic collection of interacting cells. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2732070_F0004_44315.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | A patient with RML syndrome. A. Chest X-ray: Shows generalized
bronchial wall thickening with evidence of peribronchial infiltrate, most marked in the hilar region. Area of atelectasis in the right middle lobe with loss of definition of the right heart border. B. CT chest: subcarinal lymphadenopathy. The RML irregular small bronchi, which are dilated and associated with consolidation. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4541943_sensors-15-17453-f018_415690.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | The single infrared band of the multispectral images; (a–c) respectively the infrared bands obtained by using the methods using the first-order polynomial, second-order polynomial and homography model and using the RANSAC directly; (d) the infrared band obtained by using our method. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3522649_pone-0052002-g003_173252.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Patterns of immunohistochemical findings in BMD with RV.Representative transverse serial sections of biopsied skeletal muscles from BMD patients with RV. A–C: mGT shows the presence of RVs (arrowheads). D–F: LC3, G–I: Aβ1-42, J–L: polyUb, and M–O: p62. Immunofluorescent signals are seen within the fibers with RVs (arrowheads). Pattern 1 (left column) shows similar characteristic staining of RV fibers as DMRV and sIBM. Pattern 2 (center column) show almost similar characteristics as pattern 1, except for the faint staining of Aβ1-42. Pattern 3 (right column), with rare occurrence, shows myofibers with RVs that are negatively stained by LC3 and Aβ1-42. Scale bar: 25 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3299646_pone-0032379-g002_129372.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Precision and linearity of the 3D EPI method.Typical B1
+ (a), non-linearity (b) instability (c) and SDB1+ (d) maps obtained with the optimal configuration using a maximum RF nominal value of 310° and off-resonance minimization. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3251569_pone-0029658-g005_121189.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Regression analysis showing the relation between BOLD responses during cognitive interference (I > C; centered values) in the posterior hypothalamic region (sagittal, coronal and axial planes) and the amount of SWA (centered values) during the first sleep cycle according to the specific chronotype. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3120880_pone-0021423-g005_100076.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | CFA-sensitized IL-4−/− mice exhibited mild pulmonary lesions during PCM.Photomicrographs of granuloma lesions from (A) WT, (B) CFA-sensitized, (C) IL-4−/−, (D) CFA-sensitized IL-4−/−, (E) IL-10−/−, and (F) CFA-sensitized IL-10−/− mice at day 30 post-infection. Bars: 200 µm. Lung sections were fixed in formalin, paraffin embedded, stained with H&E, and analyzed by light microscopy (Magnification, ×20). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3033899_pone-0016695-g005_86379.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Subsequent memory effects and activation of memory-related regions during reward consumption.(a) Increased BOLD response in vmPFC for remembered contrasted to forgotten predicted outcomes. (b) Contrast of predicted vs. unpredicted outcomes masked (inclusively) by the contrast of forgotten vs. remembered outcomes. (c) Increased BOLD response for rewarding compared to non rewarding outcomes in predictable blocks in vmPFC (ci), nucleus accumbens (cii), and hippocampus (ciii and civ). (d) Interaction of reward and predictability for outcomes associated with activation of the posterior hippocampus. (e) Increased BOLD response in vmPFC for remembered contrasted to forgotten predicted rewards. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3904847_pone-0085663-g002_262101.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Regions used as starting points for fiber tractography analysis.(A) Arcuate fibers near left parietal lobe; (B) Cingulum near right corpus callosum-body; (C) Cingulum near left corpus callosum-genu; (D) Arcuate fibers near left precentral gyurs; (E) Inferior longitudinal fasciculus near right superior temporal gyrus. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_10025.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Chest Xray. Bibasilar opacities. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_40566.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Coronal T1-weighted magnetic resonance image of the facial area showing heterogeneous contrast enhancement and necrotic areas |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4508147_fig02_407703.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | In Patient 2, MR scan shows multiple mass lesions on bilateral lobi temporalis and the left frontal lobe (A). After two cycles of chemotherapy, MR images show the lesion disappeared (B). |
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